The main method of processing solid household waste today is their burial at specialized landfills. To avoid negative impact on the environment during the construction of such structures, special protective screens are used, which can be installed both on the base and on the sides of the landfills.

In addition, there is a possibility of creating different combinations in the design of protective screens, which directly depends on the degree of harmful effect of waste in landfills. It should also be noted that there are certain territorial building codes developed for each region, the observance of which makes it possible to design screens with the highest degree of protection.

Materials used

1. The first layer consists of surface soil and serves to accommodate the root system of the vegetation cover, which in turn additionally performs the function of protection from wind or water destruction.
2. The second layer of the upper insulating coating of the landfill for solid domestic waste is a ball made of natural (sand, gravel, their mixture) or synthetic materials. The drain ball serves to prevent vegetation roots from entering the protective screen system, as well as to drain surface water and smooth out subsidence phenomena.
3. The next layers are laid with materials that remove biological gases and prevent water pollution.

When arranging landfills for solid waste with protective screens, it is allowed to lay mineral materials for waterproofing, but not less than two rows of raw materials with a thickness of a quarter of a meter each. It should be remembered that for landfills that involve the content of stronger pollutants, it is necessary to lay a larger number of layers, including synthetic ones, since not all mineral waterproofing is able to protect the landfill from the formation of holes from the escaping biogas, leading to subsidence. The surface of the synthetic ball is protected from mechanical damage by applying non-woven geotextiles to it. Beneath the layers of insulation is a drain containing a system for collecting and eliminating biological gases.

When choosing a geomembrane, it is necessary to pay attention to its physical properties, such as the degree of resistance to breakdowns, the magnitude of thermal expansion, the discharge of fracture resistance, resistance to bacteria and fungi, etc. A landfill equipped in accordance with all the rules will be able to protect the environment for a long time from the negative impact of the waste contained on it.

The required amount of insulating material is calculated taking into account the increase in the insulation soil coefficient (k), which is 1.25 according to the truncated prism scheme.

The need for an insulating material is determined (according to formula 2.8):

where: k is the coefficient of increase of the insulation soil;

Thus, the real volume of solid waste is determined from the ratio (formula 2.9):

The total area of ​​the storage site is 34 hectares and is divided into two stages of operation and the area of ​​each stage is 17 hectares.

You need 2 roads 3m wide. In each queue, 7 working layers of solid waste and soil are stacked (2 m of solid waste and 0.25 m of soil). The total height of waste disposal is 15 * 2 + 14 * 0.25 = 33.5 (m).

For reclamation of the landfill, the height of the burial mound is being increased by an additional 1.5 m. Thus, the total height of the mound, taking into account the insulating layer of the landfill dome, laying the soil layer and planting trees, is: 33.5 + 1.5 = 35 m.

Selection of working cards of waste storage

Designing a waste storage site is the most important task that a designer has to solve when developing working documentation for a landfill. This is due to the fact that the overall stability of the landfill as a whole depends on the adopted technical solution as an artificial structure corresponding to a certain class of responsibility, and is also associated with guaranteed environmental safety for the population and the environment of the future construction area.

Waste disposal is carried out separately in special cards (bowls) located at the deposit area. The deposition bowls are the most important construction of the landfill and represent a pit with an insulating screen for reliable protection of the environment from the stored waste. The sizes of bowls and their number are not standardized and depend on the amount of incoming waste and the estimated life of the landfill. It is recommended to arrange maps in an elongated shape in order to reduce the open surface of the waste during disposal. Disposal of dissimilar waste in one card is allowed if, during joint disposal, they do not form more toxic, explosive and fire-hazardous substances and if gassing does not occur. The size of maps for waste disposal is not regulated.

The bottom of the pits should be horizontal and have a slight slope to drain the leachate formed in the bowls from the stored waste and atmospheric precipitation outside the landfill to the treatment facilities.

In the burial bowls, waste is stored in layers with a total height of the working layer of 2 m and is systematically leveled with layers 0.25-0.5 m thick and compacted with 2-4 passes of a compactor roller to a total height of the working layer of 2 m.

Each working layer of waste is covered with an intermediate insulating layer 0.25 m high.For insulating layers, you can use clay soils with a moisture content of up to 30-50%, construction waste, slag, industrial waste (waste from the production of lime, chalk, soda, gypsum, graphite, asbestos cement , slate, etc.).

The soil obtained as a result of the development of the bowls is further used to isolate the layers of waste. Therefore, at waste storage sites, it is necessary to provide areas for a reserve of soil.

The daily intake of solid waste in accordance with the condition is = 500 m 3 / day. Solid waste is delivered by container trucks with a volume of 12 m 3. Each container ship needs a 50 m 2 area for unloading,. The polygon works in one shift. The volume of solid waste, which is unloaded within one hour, with one-shift operation will be:

t / hour (2.10)

Determine the required number of container ships using the formula 2.11.

The group of inventions relates to the field of environmental protection and can be applied in the multiple use of solid domestic waste (MSW) disposal sites. The insulating mixture for landfills of solid household waste - MSW - contains ash and slag waste from the thermal treatment of solid household waste and gas cleaning waste from the thermal treatment of solid household waste, soil in a mass ratio, preferably equal to 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10.5. The mixture preferably has a moisture content of 30-60% by weight. The method for its production consists in the fact that ash and slag waste from the thermal treatment of solid domestic waste with a moisture content of not more than 30 wt.% With a soil moisture content of not more than 60 wt.% Is carried out until a homogeneous mass is obtained. From the resulting mass, two shafts with a height of 50 cm to 100 cm are formed and placed with a gap relative to each other with a perpendicular orientation relative to the prevailing wind direction. The feed is carried out into the aforementioned gap at a minimum low pressure of gas cleaning waste from heat treatment of solid waste with a moisture content of not more than 30 wt.%. Next, the formed mass is leveled and all components are mixed until a homogeneous mass with a moisture content of 30-60 wt.% Is obtained. At all stages of preparation, the moisture content of the formed masses is controlled. The resulting homogeneous mass of the insulating mixture contains ash and slag waste, gas cleaning waste, soil in the above mass ratio. The method of burying solid household waste at solid waste landfills includes layer-by-layer placement of waste and insulating layers from an insulating mixture. In this case, an insulating mixture containing ash and slag waste, gas cleaning waste and soil in the above mass ratio is used. EFFECT: obtaining an insulating mixture with characteristics that make it possible to increase the efficiency of its application, reduce the time of the process of obtaining the mixture, and reduce the harmful effect on the environment when carrying out the method of burying solid household waste. 3 n. and 4 c.p. f-ly, 5 dwg

Drawings for RF patent 2396131

The present group of inventions relates to the field of environmental protection, namely to an insulating mixture for solid waste landfills, a method for its production, as well as a method for burying solid waste, in particular domestic, industrial, at solid waste landfills using this mixture and can be applied with repeated use of solid domestic waste (MSW) burial sites.

Known insulating mixtures for landfills of solid domestic waste and methods for their production (RU 2059034, 1996, RU 2184095, 2002, RU 2162068, 2001, RU 2006130 451, 2006, RU 227882, 2006). There are also known methods of burial (neutralization) of solid household waste at landfills (RU 2006109 899, 2007, RU 1792350, 1991, RU 2247610, 2005, RU 2014164, 1994).

At the same time, these mixtures are characterized by multicomponent and, as a consequence, the complexity of their preparation. The described methods of solid waste disposal at landfills are characterized by the complexity of the technology.

Closer to the proposed insulating mixture is an insulating mixture, which is a soil and is used in a method for neutralizing solid household waste at landfills (MSW) using layer-by-layer waste disposal with insulating layers (RU 2330733, 2008).

However, over time, this mixture shrinks. The latter leads to such a consequence as the ignition of solid household waste. In addition, the low efficiency of soil use is due to the fact that the latter has a high filtration coefficient, which leads, in particular, to groundwater pollution.

The objective of the invention is to create an insulating mixture that improves the reliability of isolation and disposal of waste that meet environmental and sanitary standards.

The task is solved by creating an insulating mixture for landfills of solid domestic waste - MSW, containing soil and additionally containing ash and slag waste from thermal treatment of solid domestic waste and gas cleaning waste from thermal treatment of solid domestic waste.

Preferably, the insulating mixture contains ash and slag waste, gas cleaning waste and soil in a mass ratio equal, respectively, 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10.5, while the mixture has a moisture content of 30- 60 wt%.

The technical result consists in the fact that the described insulating mixture is not prone to shrinkage, and also provides for the prevention of ignition and initiation of an explosion of municipal solid waste at the landfill.

Closer to the method of obtaining an insulating mixture for landfills of solid domestic waste is the method according to patent RU 2271882, 2006.

The specified insulating mixture contains clay, waste lime material and oil sludge with the following content of components, wt%: clay 10-60, waste lime material 15-40, oil sludge 25-40.

The known method of producing an insulating mixture is carried out as follows.

Oil sludge is mixed with clay with a bulldozer in various proportions, stored and left for 30-40 days to adsorb the oil part of the oil sludge in the pores of the clay. After 30-40 days, the resulting mixture (clay + oil sludge) is additionally mixed with waste lime material (chemical water treatment sludge or slaked lime sludge).

The disadvantage of this method lies in the insufficiently high efficiency, due, inter alia, to the considerable duration of the adsorption process of the oil part of the oil sludge in the pores of the clay, which is at least 30 days.

The objective of the invention in terms of a method for producing an insulating mixture for landfills of solid domestic waste is to reduce the time spent on the process of forming a mixture that provides increased reliability of insulation and disposal of waste that meets environmental and sanitary standards.

The task is achieved by the described method of obtaining an insulating mixture for landfills of solid domestic waste - MSW, which consists in mixing ash and slag waste from thermal treatment of solid domestic waste with a moisture content of no more than 30 wt% with soil with a moisture content of no more than 60 wt% until obtaining homogeneous mass, then from the resulting mass, two shafts with a height of 50 cm to 100 cm are formed and placed with a gap relative to each other, after which they are fed into the gap at a minimum low pressure of gas cleaning waste from thermal treatment of solid domestic waste with a moisture content of not more than 30 wt .%, after filling the gap, the formed mass is leveled and all components are mixed until a homogeneous mass of the insulating mixture with a moisture content of 30-60 wt.% is obtained, while at all stages of preparation, the moisture content of the formed masses is monitored to maintain its values ​​in the above range.

In this case, it is desirable to place the shafts in a perpendicular orientation relative to the prevailing wind direction.

Preferably, the resulting homogeneous mass of the insulating mixture contains ash and slag waste, gas cleaning waste, soil in a mass ratio equal, respectively, to 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10.5.

The technical result achieved in this case is to reduce the time required to create an effective mixture.

Closer to the described method of burial of solid domestic waste at solid waste landfills is the method according to patent RU 2330733, 2008.

This method includes the preparation of the landfill base, the construction of enclosing structures, the construction of an anti-seepage screen, a drainage system for collecting and cleaning the leachate, as well as a gas collection system, layer-by-layer disposal of waste with soil insulating layers, arrangement of an insulating coating for the surface of the formed landfill.

The territory of the landfill is divided into working sections in the number of at least three. Each section of the polygon is formed independent of the others. Filling with waste of each subsequent section begins at the end of filling the previous one.

Extraction and processing of waste from the area of ​​the first filled section and its preparation for refilling is carried out during the period of filling the last section with waste, then on the prepared area of ​​the first section, the waste is re-placed, while the extraction and processing of waste from the second section is carried out with its preparation for refilling, after whereby the cycle is repeated in the sequence of the initial filling of the sections. The relationship between the average duration of filling one section and the number of sections is found from the mathematical relationship.

The disadvantages of this method lie in its multistage and low degree of isolation due to the use of soil as insulating layers, which is known to have low performance characteristics.

The objective of the invention in terms of the method of burial of solid household waste at solid waste landfills is to create a burial method that provides an increase in the reliability of isolation and disposal of waste that meets environmental and sanitary standards while simplifying it.

The task is achieved by the described method of burying solid domestic waste at solid waste landfills by layer-by-layer placement of waste and insulating layers from an insulating mixture containing soil, in which, according to the invention, a mixture containing ash and slag waste from the thermal treatment of solid domestic waste and gas cleaning waste is used as an insulating mixture from thermal treatment of solid household waste.

It is preferable to use an insulating mixture containing ash and slag waste, gas cleaning waste and soil in a mass ratio of, respectively, 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10.5, while the mixture has a moisture content 30-60 wt%.

The essence of the described group of inventions is illustrated by Figs. 1-5, which schematically represent the production of an insulating mixture for solid waste landfills, and the example below, illustrating but not limiting the invention.

The initial raw material for the preparation of the insulating mixture is ash and slag waste from the thermal treatment of solid waste and gas cleaning waste from the thermal treatment of solid waste. Soil (soil), including dump, is used as an additional diluent material.

Used in the preparation of the mixture, ash and slag waste from the heat treatment of municipal solid waste and waste gas cleaning from the heat treatment of municipal solid waste are obtained as follows.

Solid household waste is incinerated in combustion chambers of boilers. Ash and slag waste from the heat treatment of solid domestic waste is a mixture of slag formed in the combustion chamber and boiler ash, which is carried away with flue gases and separated from the latter in the convective zone of the boiler.

Gas cleaning wastes are waste gases from the cleaning of flue gases generated during the incineration of municipal solid waste. In this case, the flue gases are subjected to semi-dry cleaning in an installation consisting of an absorber and a bag filter.

The ash and slag waste and gas cleaning waste used in the preparation of the mixture have the following characteristics: moisture content - not more than 30 wt%, fractional composition preferably not more than 100 mm, radiation background not exceeding natural.

The used soil (soil) has the following characteristics: the radiation background does not exceed natural, according to the sanitary and epidemiological indicators it meets the requirements for the quality of soils in the territory of populated areas, the moisture content is not more than 60 wt.%, The fractional composition is preferably not more than 250 mm.

The process of preparing an insulating mixture is based on mixing ash and slag waste and gas cleaning waste from heat treatment of solid waste with soil (soil), including dump, is carried out according to the technology described below.

In this example, the mass ratio of ash and slag waste: gas cleaning waste: soil is used, equal, respectively, to 2.0: 5.0: 10.0.

The process is carried out on a dedicated site.

The mixture is obtained in two stages.

At the first stage, soil (soil) and "Ash and slag waste from the thermal treatment of solid waste" are brought and unloaded alternately to the production site (Fig. 1). Further, using tractor equipment, mixing is carried out until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Due to the moisture content of "Ash and slag waste from the thermal treatment of solid waste" and the dryness of the soil, the components are uniformly mixed.

After mixing with the tractor, two shafts with a height of 50 cm to 100 cm are formed from the mixed components with a small space, i.e. the gap between them. The shafts are preferably oriented with respect to the prevailing wind so that the direction of the wind is perpendicular to the direction of the shafts (Fig. 2).

At the 2nd stage "Waste gas cleaning from heat treatment of solid waste" is fed from a semi-trailer tank through a hose hose with a diameter of 100 mm at extremely low pressure into the space (gap) between the two shafts (figure 3). The use of low pressure prevents the formation of a cloud of dust.

In the production process, water is moistened with "Gas cleaning waste from the thermal treatment of solid waste" to prevent dusting. When moistened, the moisture content of the mixture is measured to exclude its overmoistening.

The moisture content of the mixture of soil and "Ash and slag waste from the thermal treatment of solid waste" contributes to the adhesion of dust on the "Ash and slag waste from the thermal treatment of solid waste". Absorption of moisture from the "Ash and slag waste from the thermal treatment of solid waste" by the "Waste of gas cleaning from the thermal treatment of solid waste" takes place.

As the space is filled, the hose hose is pushed back to the unfilled side and both shafts are leveled with a tractor and "Waste gas cleaning from heat treatment of solid waste" (Fig. 4). Next, all components are mixed with a tractor until smooth. At all stage, the operational control of the moisture content of the mixture is carried out.

The finished insulating mixture is collected by a tractor for ease of loading (Fig. 5).

To control the quality of the resulting insulating mixture, samples are taken and transported in accordance with SP 2.1.7.1386-03 "Determination of the hazard class of toxic production and consumption wastes" section 3.

The produced insulating mixture for solid waste landfills is loaded with a loader into dump trucks and delivered to the consumer at the solid waste storage area. Mix production takes about two hours.

The resulting insulating mixture has the following characteristics:

environmental hazard class - 5;

hazard class for human health - 4;

humidity - from 30 to 60 wt%;

color - gray-brown, with a dark brownish tint; pressed well, not explosive.

The described method of burial of solid household waste at solid waste landfills is carried out by layer-by-layer placement of waste and insulating layers.

Determine the area of ​​the working map not covered with the insulating mixture. A fresh layer of MSW waste is compacted with landfill equipment to a layer thickness of preferably 2 m. Further, the insulating mixture is delivered to the compacted area by dump trucks. The mixture is evenly leveled with tractor equipment over the selected area. After leveling, the insulating layer is compacted with polygon technology to a thickness of preferably 25 cm. New waste is delivered over the compacted insulating layer with polygon technology. As the waste accumulates, it is leveled over the area of ​​the working card and compacted again to a layer thickness of preferably 2 m. Further, the insulating mixture is delivered to the compacted area by dump trucks and the cycle is repeated. If solid waste is compacted by 3.5 times or more, it is allowed to lower the thickness of the insulating layer to 15 cm. "Insulating mixture for solid waste landfills" is used as an insulating material for solid waste landfills as an intermediate insulating layer at a solid waste landfill in accordance with SP 2.1.7.1038 -01 "Hygienic requirements for the design and maintenance of landfills for solid domestic waste" and "Instruction for the design, operation and reclamation of landfills for solid domestic waste", approved by the Ministry of Construction of Russia on 02.11.96, agreed with the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia on 10.06.96 No. 01-8 / 1711.

The impact of the production of an insulating mixture for solid waste landfills by the described method on the environment is minimized, in particular, for the following reasons:

Production is located on a landfill, on an isolated site;

Eliminates the need to use containers;

Eliminates the need to use warehouses for the placement of raw materials (components) of the insulating mixture;

Provides protection against blowing off the raw materials (mixture components) by the wind due to the natural moisture content of the mixture, creating barriers (shafts during production) and moisturizing the raw materials during the production process.

Thus, the described group of inventions makes it possible to create an effective insulating mixture for burying solid household waste at solid waste landfills, to reduce the time spent on the process of obtaining the insulating mixture to at least two hours, to reduce the harmful effect on the environment when carrying out the method of burying solid household waste on solid waste landfills using the above insulating mixture.

CLAIM

1. Insulating mixture for landfills of solid domestic waste (MSW), containing soil, characterized in that it additionally contains ash and slag waste from thermal treatment of solid domestic waste and gas cleaning waste from thermal treatment of solid domestic waste.

2. The insulating mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains ash and slag waste, gas cleaning waste and soil in a mass ratio, respectively, 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10.5, while the mixture has a moisture content of 30-60 wt.%.

3. A method of producing an insulating mixture for landfills of solid domestic waste (MSW), which consists in mixing ash and slag waste from thermal treatment of solid domestic waste with a moisture content of no more than 30 wt.% With soil with a moisture content of no more than 60 wt.% Until a homogeneous mass, then from the resulting mass, two shafts with a height of 50 to 100 cm are formed and placed with a gap relative to each other, after which they are fed into the gap at a minimum low pressure of gas cleaning waste from heat treatment of solid domestic waste with a moisture content of not more than 30 wt% , after filling the gap, the formed mass is leveled and all components are mixed until a homogeneous mass of the insulating mixture with a moisture content of 30-60 wt.% is obtained, while at all stages of preparation, the moisture content of the formed masses is monitored to maintain its values ​​in the above range.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the shafts are placed in a perpendicular orientation relative to the prevailing wind direction.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the resulting homogeneous mass of the insulating mixture contains ash and slag waste, gas cleaning waste, soil in a mass ratio, respectively, 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10 ,5.

6. A method of burying solid household waste at solid waste landfills by layer-by-layer placement of waste and insulating layers from an insulating mixture containing soil, characterized in that a mixture is used as an insulating mixture, which additionally contains ash and slag waste from the thermal treatment of solid household waste and gas cleaning waste from thermal processing of solid household waste.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that an insulating mixture containing ash and slag waste, gas cleaning waste and soil is used in a mass ratio of 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10, respectively, 5, the mixture having a moisture content of 30-60 wt%.

Registration N 2826

2.1.7. Soil, cleaning of populated areas, production and consumption waste, sanitary protection of soil

Sanitary rules SP 2.1.7.1038-01
"Hygienic requirements for the design and maintenance of landfills for solid domestic waste"
(approved by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of May 30, 2001 N 16)

1 area of ​​use

1.1. These sanitary rules are developed on the basis of the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, N 14, Article 1650), Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service Federation, Regulations on state sanitary and epidemiological regulation, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000, N 554 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 31, Art. 3295), and establish hygienic requirements for the device, maintenance and operation landfills for solid waste.

1.2. The requirements of these rules are mandatory for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities whose activities are related to the design and operation of landfills for solid domestic waste.

1.3. State sanitary and epidemiological control over compliance with the requirements of these sanitary rules is carried out by bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation in accordance with the current legislation.

2. General provisions

2.1. Landfills for solid domestic waste (MSW) are special structures designed to isolate and neutralize solid waste, and must guarantee the sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population. At landfills, the static stability of solid waste is ensured, taking into account the dynamics of compaction, mineralization, gas release, the maximum load per unit area, the possibility of subsequent rational use of the site after the closure of landfills. Polygons can be organized for any size of settlements. It is recommended to create centralized polygons for groups of settlements.

2.2. The selected site for the construction of the landfill must have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on its compliance with sanitary rules.

2.3. The organization operating the landfill develops the regulations and operating mode of the landfill, instructions for the reception of household waste, taking into account the requirements of industrial sanitation for workers at the landfill, controls the composition of incoming waste, maintains a round-the-clock accounting of incoming waste, controls the distribution of waste in the working part of the landfill , a technological cycle for waste isolation is provided.

2.4. Waste from residential buildings, public buildings and institutions, trade enterprises, public catering, street, garden and park estimates, construction waste and some types of solid industrial waste of 3 - 4 hazard classes, as well as non-hazardous waste, the class of which established by experimental methods. The list of such wastes is coordinated with the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision center in the territory (hereinafter the territorial TsGSEN).

2.5. Neutralization of solid, liquid and pasty wastes with radioactivity is carried out at special landfills, organized in accordance with the basic sanitary rules for ensuring radiation safety.

2.6. Burial and neutralization of solid, pasty wastes of industrial enterprises (1 - 2 hazard classes), which contain toxic substances, heavy metals, as well as combustible and explosive waste, should be carried out at landfills organized in accordance with sanitary rules on the procedure for accumulation, transportation, neutralization and burial of toxic industrial waste.

2.7. Reception of the corpses of dead animals, confiscated slaughterhouses of meat processing plants to landfills of solid household waste is not allowed.

2.8. Solid waste from medical institutions (LPU) is received at the solid waste landfills in accordance with the rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste from medical institutions.

2.9. Collection of recyclable materials directly from waste collection vehicles is not permitted at landfills. Sorting and selective collection of waste is allowed subject to sanitary and hygienic requirements.

2.10. The territorial TsGSEN carries out sanitary supervision over the arrangement and operation of landfills in accordance with the annual work schedules, guided by these rules, as well as the hygienic standards (MPC) for chemicals in soil approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and estimated indicators of the sanitary state of the soil; gives an opinion on the use of the territory of the former landfill.

3. Hygienic requirements for the placement of landfills for solid domestic waste

3.1. When choosing a site for the construction of a solid waste landfill, one should take into account climatic and geographic and soil features, geological and hydrological conditions of the area. It is not allowed to place landfills on the territory of sanitary protection zones of water sources and mineral springs; in all resorts protection zones; in places where fractured rocks emerge; in places of pinching out of aquifers, as well as in places of mass recreation of the population and health institutions.

3.2. The size of the sanitary protection zone from residential buildings to the boundaries of the landfill is 500 m. In addition, the size of the sanitary protection zone can be specified when calculating gaseous emissions into the atmosphere. The boundaries of the zone are established along the isoline of 1 MPC, if it goes beyond the limits of the normative zone. The reduction of the sanitary protection zone is carried out in accordance with the established procedure. A sanitary survey, geological and hydrological surveys are being carried out at the site designated for the placement of a landfill for household waste. The most promising places are those where clays or heavy loams are found, and the groundwater is at a depth of more than 2 m. Bogs with a depth of more than 1 m and areas with outlets of groundwater in the form of springs are not used for landfills. It is advisable to choose plots for landfills taking into account the presence of green spaces and land embankments in the sanitary protection zone.

3.3. The site for the construction of a solid waste landfill must be allocated in accordance with the approved master plan or the project for the planning and development of the city and its suburban area. It is advisable to place a landfill for solid household waste on a flat area that excludes the possibility of washing away part of the waste by atmospheric precipitation and contamination of adjacent land areas and open water bodies, near # located settlements. Allocation of a land plot for solid waste landfills on the territory of ravines, starting from its upper reaches, is allowed, which makes it possible to collect and remove melt and storm water by arranging intercepting upland canals to drain these waters into open water bodies.

3.4. The sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance with the hygienic requirements of the selected site for the construction of solid waste landfills is issued by the territorial Central State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service.

3.5. The landfill consists of two interconnected territorial parts: the territory occupied for the storage of solid waste, and the territory for the placement of household facilities.

3.6. The construction of solid waste landfills should be carried out in accordance with the established procedure for the design, operation and reclamation of landfills for solid domestic waste.

3.7. Over the entire area of ​​the storage site, it is planned to build a pit in order to obtain soil for intermediate and final isolation of compacted solid waste. The soil from the pits is stored in dumps along the perimeter of the landfill.

3.8. Taking into account the volume of annual atmospheric precipitation, the evaporation capacity of soils and the moisture content of the stored solid waste, the possibility of the formation of a liquid phase - filtrate - in their thickness is taken into account.

3.9. For landfills receiving less than 120 thousand m3 of solid waste per year, a trench scheme for storing solid waste is recommended. Trenches are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the prevailing winds, which prevents the spread of solid waste. The soil obtained from digging trenches is used for backfilling after filling with solid waste.

3.10. The base (bottom) of the trench in climatic zones where the formation of leachate is possible should be buried at least 0.5 m into clayey soils.

3.11. The length of one trench should be adjusted taking into account the time of filling the trenches:

a) during the period of temperatures above 0 ° С for 1 - 2 months;

b) during the period of temperatures below 0 ° С - for the entire period of soil freezing.

3.12. Storage of solid waste in water on marshy and flooded areas is not allowed. Prior to using such sites for a solid waste landfill, they should be filled with inert materials to a height exceeding the maximum level of surface or flood waters by 1 m. When filling, a waterproof screen is arranged. In the presence of groundwater at a depth of less than 1 m, an insulating layer is applied to the surface with preliminary drying of the soil.

4. Hygienic requirements for the design of the economic zone of the solid waste landfill

4.1. The economic zone is arranged to accommodate an industrial and utility building for personnel, a garage or a shed for placing machines and mechanisms. The staff will be provided with drinking and household water in the required amount, a room for eating, and a toilet.

4.2. The territory of the economic zone is concreted or asphalted, illuminated, and has a light fencing.

4.3. At the request of the territorial TsGSEN, at the exit from the landfill, a control and disinfectant installation with a concrete bath for the undercarriage of garbage trucks is provided, using effective disinfectants approved for use by the Ministry of Health of Russia. The dimensions of the bath should ensure the processing of the undercarriage of garbage trucks.

4.4. A light fence is arranged along the perimeter of the entire territory of the solid waste landfill. The fence can be replaced by a drainage trench with a depth of more than 2 m or a shaft with a height of no more than 2 m. In the fence of the landfill, a barrier is arranged near the production and utility building.

4.5. The minimum illumination of working maps of the first stage is 5 lux.

4.6. By agreement with the hydrogeological service and the territorial TsGSEN, control wells are being arranged in the green zone of the landfill. One control well is laid above the landfill along the flow of groundwater (control), 1 - 2 wells below the landfill to take into account the impact of MSW storage on groundwater.

4.7. Entrances for vehicles and tanks for drainage or pumping of water before sampling are arranged to the facilities for monitoring the quality of ground and surface water.

5. Hygienic requirements for the operation of solid waste landfills and their conservation

5.1. Storage of solid waste is allowed only on a working map and in accordance with the instructions for the design, operation and reclamation of landfills for solid domestic waste. Intermediate or final insulation of the compacted layer of solid waste is carried out in the summer period every day, at a temperature of + 5 ° C - no later than three days from the time of storage of solid waste.

5.2. In winter, due to the complexity of soil development as an insulating material, you can use slags, construction waste, broken brick, lime, chalk, plaster, wood, cullet, concrete, ceramic tiles, gypsum, asphalt concrete, soda, etc. The same the materials can also be used in the summer.

5.3. Portable mesh fences are installed as close as possible to the place of unloading and storage of solid waste, perpendicular to the direction of the prevailing winds, to retain light fractions of waste that spill out during unloading of solid waste from garbage trucks and are moved by bulldozers to the working map.

5.4. Regularly, at least once a shift, the waste retained by portable shields is collected and placed on the surface of the working card, compacted from above with an insulating layer of soil.

5.5. The upland intercepting bypass canals that drain groundwater and surface runoff into open water bodies are regularly subject to debris removal.

5.6. Once every ten days, the maintenance personnel of the landfill and a special vehicle farm inspect the territory of the sanitary protection zone and the adjacent lands to the access road, and in case of contamination, they are thoroughly cleaned and delivered to the working maps of the landfill.

5.7. On the territory of the landfill, incineration of solid waste is not allowed, and measures must be taken to prevent spontaneous combustion of solid waste.

5.8. The closure of the landfill is carried out after filling it to the specified height. On landfills, the service life of which is less than five years, it is allowed to fill in the process by 10%, exceeding the stipulated vertical mark, taking into account the subsequent shrinkage.

5.9. The last layer of waste before the closure of the landfill is finally covered with an outer insulating layer of soil.

5.10. The structure of the upper insulating layer of the landfill is determined by the envisaged conditions of its subsequent use when closing the landfill.

5.11. The territories of the zones used to create a forest park complex in the system of suburban agriculture, as slides for skiing or viewing platforms for observing the terrain, have an outer layer thickness of at least 0.6 m.

5.12. To protect against weathering or soil washout from the slopes of the landfill, it is necessary to plant greenery in the form of terraces immediately after laying the outer insulating layer. The choice of tree and shrub species is determined by local conditions.

5.13. When using the territory of the former solid waste landfill for open warehouses for non-food purposes, the thickness of the upper insulating layer should be at least 1.5 m. The upper layer of waste before it is covered with insulation should be compacted especially carefully and evenly.

5.14. The use of the territory of the reclaimed landfill for capital construction is not allowed.

6. Production control over the operation of the solid waste landfill

6.1. Control over the acceptance of waste at the landfills in accordance with the approved instructions is carried out by the laboratory service of the organization that maintains the landfill.

6.2. The laboratory service systematically controls, according to the approved schedule, the fractional, morphological and chemical composition of the waste entering the landfill.

6.3. On the basis of these sanitary rules (in accordance with clause 2.3), the organization serving the landfill develops instructions for industrial sanitation for personnel involved in ensuring the operation of the enterprise. The specified instruction is coordinated with the territorial Central State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service.

6.4. For the solid waste landfill, a special program (plan) of production control is being developed, which provides for: control over the condition of underground and surface water bodies, atmospheric air, soils, noise levels in the zone of possible adverse impact of the landfill.

6.5. Technological processes must ensure the prevention of pollution of ground and surface waters, atmospheric air, soil, exceeding the noise levels above the permissible limits established in hygienic standards.

The program (plan) of production control of the solid waste landfill is developed by the landfill owner in accordance with the sanitary rules for production control over compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements.

6.6. The production control system should include devices and structures for monitoring the condition of ground and surface water, atmospheric air, soil, noise levels in the area of ​​possible influence of the landfill.

6.7. In agreement with the territorial Central State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service and other regulatory bodies, the state of groundwater is monitored, depending on the depth of their occurrence, pits, wells or wells are designed in the green zone of the landfill and outside the sanitary protection zone of the landfill. The control structure is laid up above the landfill along the flow of groundwater in order to take water samples, which is not affected by the leachate from the landfill.

Above the landfill on surface water sources and below the landfill on drainage ditches, the sites for sampling surface waters are also designed.

In the selected samples of ground and surface waters, the content of ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, hydrocarbonates, calcium, chlorides, iron, sulfates, lithium, COD, BOD, organic carbon, pH, magnesium, cadmium, chromium, cyanides, lead, mercury, arsenic is determined, copper, barium, dry residue, samples are also examined for helminthological and bacteriological indicators. If in the samples taken downstream, a significant increase in the concentration of analytes compared with the control is established, it is necessary, in agreement with the regulatory authorities, to expand the volume of the determined indicators, and in cases where the content of analytes exceeds the MPC, it is necessary to take measures to limit the intake pollutants into the groundwater up to the MPC level.

6.8. The production control system should include constant monitoring of the state of the air environment. For these purposes, it is necessary to conduct quarterly analyzes of atmospheric air samples over the worked-out areas of the landfill and at the border of the sanitary protection zone for the content of compounds that characterize the process of biochemical decomposition of solid waste and pose the greatest danger. The volume of the determined indicators and the frequency of the volume of samples are justified in the project of production control of landfills and are agreed with the regulatory authorities. Usually, when analyzing atmospheric air samples, methane, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon monoxide, benzene, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene are determined.

In the event that atmospheric pollution is established above the MPC at the border of the sanitary protection zone and above the MPC in the working area, appropriate measures should be taken taking into account the nature and level of pollution.

6.9. The production control system should include constant monitoring of the condition of the soil in the area of ​​possible influence of the landfill. For this purpose, the quality of the soil is monitored for chemical, microbiological, radiological indicators. Of the chemical indicators, the content of heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates, hydrocarbonates, organic carbon, pH, cyanides, lead, mercury, arsenic is investigated. As microbiological indicators, the following are investigated: total bacterial count, coli-titer, proteus titer, helminth eggs. The number of chemical and microbiological indicators can be expanded only at the request of the territorial TsGSEN.

7. Hygienic requirements for waste used in the reclamation of open pits

7.1 Depleted quarries, artificially created cavities are collectors of polluted storm water and runoff. In order to return this territory to a state suitable for economic use, its reclamation is carried out.

7.2. Backfilling of quarries and other artificially created cavities with the use of inert waste, solid waste and industrial 3 - 4 hazard classes is allowed. When using any types of waste, their morphological and physicochemical composition must be determined. The total amount of food waste should not exceed 15 percent. The basis for waste disposal must meet the requirements of the established procedure for the design, operation and reclamation of landfills for solid domestic waste.

7.3. The size of the sanitary protection zone for the reclaimed quarry is taken to be equal to the size of the sanitary protection zone for waste transfer stations for solid waste and must be at least 100 meters from the nearest residential area. The rehabilitated quarry should have light fencing and temporary facilities to ensure that the work is carried out.

7.4. The territorial TsGSEN carries out sanitary supervision over the work during the reclamation of open pits in accordance with these sanitary rules.

8. Hygienic requirements for the conditions for receiving industrial waste at landfills of solid domestic waste

8.1. The main condition for the possibility of receiving industrial waste at landfills for solid domestic waste is compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements for the protection of atmospheric air, soil, ground and surface waters.

The main sanitary condition is the requirement that the toxicity of a mixture of industrial waste with household waste does not exceed the toxicity of household waste according to the analysis of the water extract.

8.2. Industrial waste of the 4th hazard class, accepted without limitation in quantitative terms and used as an insulating material, is characterized by the content of toxic substances in the water extract (1 liter of water per 1 kg of waste) at the level of the filter from municipal solid waste (MSW), and by integrating indicators - biochemical oxygen demand (BOD_lopn) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) - not more than 300 mg / l, have a homogeneous structure with a fraction size of less than 250 mm.

8.3. Industrial waste of 4 and 3 hazard classes, accepted in limited quantities (no more than 30% of the mass of municipal solid waste) and stored together with household waste, is characterized by the content of toxic substances in the aqueous extract at the level of the filtrate from solid waste and the BOD_20 and COD values ​​of 3400-5000 mg / l O2.

8.4. The issue of the amount of these wastes taken to the solid waste landfill is decided by the organization operating the landfill, in agreement with the territorial TsGSEN and approved in accordance with the established procedure. The sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the joint storage and disposal of industrial waste and solid waste is issued by the territorial Central State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service on the basis of analyzes of laboratories accredited (certified) in the prescribed manner.

8.5. The organization in charge of the solid waste landfill ensures safe storage and disposal of waste from a sanitary and hygienic point of view.

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and can be used for intermediate isolation of compacted layers of solid domestic waste located at landfills.

Known insulating materials: natural soil, construction waste, lime, chalk, wood, cullet, concrete, ceramic tiles, gypsum, asphalt concrete, soda and other materials (Sanitary rules SP 2.1.7.1038-01 "Hygienic requirements for the design and maintenance of landfills municipal solid waste ").

However, the use of natural soil to isolate the layers leads to the disturbance of landscapes. Dug deep quarries and dumps of soil destroy not only the lands to be developed, but also the surrounding territories, while the hydrological regime of the area is violated, water bodies and soil are polluted. Development of soil in winter is difficult due to freezing. Waste from the construction industry has a different granulometric composition and, as a rule, requires crushing and screening before use.

Known mixture for neutralization and lithification of household and industrial waste, bottom sediments, sludge and oil-contaminated soils, including aluminosilicate rock, lime and Portland cement, dispersed organic sorbent with the following ratio of components, wt.%: Aluminosilicate rock 55-80, lime 5-10, Portland cement 10-30, dispersed organic sorbent 5-30, while the dispersed organic sorbent may contain peat, wood flour, crushed agricultural waste, such as chaff, as well as sapropel (RU patent No. 2184095 dated 06/27/2002).

The disadvantages of the known mixture include its multicomponent nature and, as a consequence, the complexity of obtaining.

Known insulating mixture containing ash and slag waste from thermal treatment of municipal solid waste, waste gas cleaning heat treatment of solid household waste and soil in a mass ratio, preferably equal to 0.2-4.5: 0.2-4.5: 2.9-10, 5 (patent RU No. 2396131 dated 10.08.2010).

The disadvantage of the known material is the complexity of the technology of obtaining an insulating material.

The objective of the invention is to obtain a material that allows year-round isolation of compacted layers of solid domestic waste at landfills without the use of natural materials while simplifying the technology of its production, expanding raw materials.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the material for the intermediate insulation of compacted layers of solid domestic waste at the landfill is the final slag formed during the production of ferrovanadium by the aluminosilicothermal method.

The final slag formed during the production of ferrovanadium by the aluminosilicothermal method is a fine powder.

Granulometric composition: fraction no more than 2 mm - 95.0%, particle size up to 300 mm no more than 5.0%, moisture content no more than 10.0%.

It has a color ranging from white, bluish, olive to gray.

The mineralogical composition of the slag consists mainly of merwinite and two-calcium silicate. Melite, periclase and ferrovanadium metal are also present. Slag is currently not utilized, but is disposed of at industrial sites in the form of dumps, which are often located in river floodplains and in the immediate vicinity of settlements. At the same time, there is a backlog of territories, pollution of water bodies and soil at a considerable distance from the waste disposal site. The enterprise is charged fees for waste disposal.

According to the passport for production waste, ferrovanadium production slag is an industrial waste of IV hazard class, characterized by the content of toxic substances in the water extract (1 liter of water per 1 kg of waste) at a level below the filtrate from municipal solid waste, and according to integral indicators, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 20) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) - not more than 300 mg / l. Due to its structure, it compresses well and, as a result, is inconvenient for the construction of loopholes and holes, prevents birds, rodents and moisture from entering the working body of the landfill, reliably isolates solid waste from contact with insects. The combination of calcium, silicon and magnesium oxides in it ensures the creation of an alkaline environment, which also has a beneficial effect on the conservation of household waste and the suppression of pathogenic microflora of the landfill.

Material for intermediate insulation of compacted layers of solid waste at the landfill is obtained as follows.

In the production of ferrovanadium by the aluminosilicothermal method, the final slag is formed. After the end of smelting, the slag is poured into a slag truck and transported to the technological site of the plant, unloaded in the form of a massive body. The slag is slowly cooled on site at ambient temperature (+40 - -30 ° C). In this case, the slag self-disintegrates with the formation of particles from 0.01 to 2 mm. Next, the slag is screened, while a slag fraction of more than 250 mm is removed, which is sent for crushing on a jaw crusher to a size of less than 250 mm. This size is regulated as the largest fraction of the material allowed for use as a dump at solid waste landfills. In the total mass of the feedstock, the fraction that must undergo crushing is no more than 3%. Material that fully satisfies the particle size distribution undergoes magnetic separation, which removes metal inclusions of ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon. Mechanical action does not change the chemical composition of the slag.

For the material obtained, studies were carried out in accordance with SP 2.1.7.1386-03 "Sanitary rules for determining the hazard class of toxic production and consumption wastes" in the "Center for Hygiene and Epidimology in the Perm Territory", FR. 1.39.2007.03222 and FR.1.39.2007.03223 at the Center for Analytical Research and Metrological Support of Environmental Measurements. Conclusions were obtained on the classification of the material for the filling to the 4th hazard class. The content of toxic substances in the aqueous extract at a level below the filtrate from solid domestic waste, the integral indicator - the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 20) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) - does not exceed 300 mg / l.

In accordance with SP 2.1.7.1038-01 "Hygienic requirements for the arrangement and maintenance of landfills for solid domestic waste", the resulting material meets the requirements for materials intended for filling compacted layers of solid waste at the landfill.

Thus, the slag formed during the production of ferrovanadium by the aluminosilicothermal method does not require complex technological processing, the volume of material requiring additional crushing does not exceed 3% of the total mass, and can be used to isolate layers of solid waste all year round.

Therefore, the claimed invention makes it possible to obtain a material for the intermediate insulation of compacted layers of solid waste at a landfill without using natural materials using a simple technology, with low economic costs and expanding raw materials.

Material for intermediate insulation of compacted layers of solid domestic waste at a landfill, characterized by the fact that it is the final slag formed during the production of ferrovanadium by the aluminosilicothermal method.

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