Lesson 49 (option 1)
Control dictation on punctuation
The purpose of the lesson:
Testing students' knowledge on the topic studied.
Control dictation
Three texts are offered, the teacher chooses at his own discretion:
1. Anna Sergeevna was a rather strange creature. Having no prejudices, no longer having any strong beliefs, she did not retreat from anything and did not go anywhere. She saw a lot clearly, a lot occupied her, and nothing completely satisfied her; Yes, she hardly even wanted complete satisfaction. Her mind was inquisitive at the same time: her doubts never subsided to the point of forgetfulness and never grew to anxiety. If she had not been rich and independent, she might have rushed into battle, would have known passion... But life was easy for her, although she was bored at times, and she continued to pass day after day, slowly and only occasionally worrying. Rainbow colors sometimes lit up before her eyes, but she rested when they faded and did not regret them. Her imagination carried even beyond the limits of what is considered permissible according to the laws of ordinary morality; but even then her blood still flowed quietly in her charming, calm body. Sometimes, coming out of the fragrant bath, all warm and pampered, she would dream about the insignificance of life, about its grief, work and evil... Her soul would be filled with sudden courage, boil with a noble aspiration; a through wind will blow from the half-closed window, and Anna Sergeevna will shrink all over, and complain, and almost get angry, and there is only one thing she needs at this moment: so that this nasty wind does not blow on her 4 . ( I. S. Turgenev.)
(220 words. Use and spelling of particles Not And neither. Vowel spelling. Spelling adverbs. Punctuation for homogeneous sentence parts.)
Dictation assignment:
Write down phrases, produce and parse
2. Sofya Nikolaevna was amazing woman! Her lively, receptive, easily excited nature could instantly be carried away by impulses of the mind or heart and instantly transform from one creature into another, completely different from the first. Subsequently they called this property a pretense - they were grossly mistaken. It was some kind of artistic ability to suddenly move to another sphere, to another position, to unconditionally succumb to one’s thoughts and desires, which were completely sincere and therefore captivating everyone.
The thought and desire to reassure her worried father-in-law, whom she dearly loved, who stood up for her, was worried about her, was upset about her health; the thought of calming her husband and his family, frightened and offended for her, by the grace of her intemperate tongue, so boundlessly took possession of Sofia Nikolaevna’s vivid imagination and feelings that she appeared somehow wonderful, magical creature, and soon everything around her succumbed to the irresistible charm 4 . She poured the tea herself; She herself managed to serve cups first to her father-in-law, and then to her mother-in-law, and even to others. She managed to talk to everyone, and so deftly, so opportunely, so cheerfully that her father-in-law completely believed that she didn’t know anything about yesterday, he believed it - and he himself was amused. His gaiety also had a sociable quality, and an hour later there were no longer any visible traces of yesterday's storm. (According to S. T. Aksakov.)
(182 words. Punctuation in a complex sentence with isolated members of the sentence.)
Dictation assignment:
Produce parsing the specified proposal.
Write down the phrases and parse them.
3. Reader, are you familiar with those small noble estates with which our Ukraine abounded twenty-five, thirty years ago? Now they are rare, and in ten years the last of them will probably disappear without a trace. A flowing pond overgrown with vines and reeds, a haven for busy ducks, which are occasionally joined by a wary teal; behind the pond there is a garden with alleys of lindens, this beauty and honor of our black earth plains, with dead ridges of strawberries, with a continuous thicket of gooseberries, currants, raspberries, in the middle of which, in the languid hour of the motionless midday heat, the colorful scarf of a yard girl will certainly flash and her shrill voice will ring; right there is a barn on chicken legs, a greenhouse, a poor vegetable garden, with a flock of sparrows on the stamens and a cat crouched near a failed well; further - curly apple trees above tall grass that is green below and gray at the top, thin cherries, pears that never bear fruit; then flower beds with poppies, peonies, pansies, bushes of honeysuckle, wild jasmine, lilac and acacia, with incessant bees and bumblebees buzzing in the thick, odorous, sticky branches 4. Finally, the manor house, one-story, on a brick foundation, with greenish glass in narrow frames, with a sloping, once painted roof, with a balcony from which jug-shaped railings fell, with a crooked mezzanine, with a voiceless old dog in a hole under the porch... ( According to I. S. Turgenev.)
(191 words. Spelling of vowels in suffixes and endings of nouns. Spelling of unstressed vowels. Spelling of consonants.)
Dictation assignment:
Produce punctuation analysis the specified proposal.
Write out phrases from the last sentence and analyze them.
Lesson 49 (option 2)
Punctuation test
The purpose of the lesson:
Testing students' knowledge.
Test
I. Theory
Indicate which statements are true and which are false: a) true; b) incorrect.
1. The subject and predicate cannot form a phrase.
2. Introductory sentences as part of a simple sentence form a complex sentence together with it.
3. The sign at the end of a sentence always determines the type of intonation.
4. If there are words as if, as if, exactly There is no dash between subject and predicate.
5. The predicate can be a simple verb and a simple nominal.
6. Between parts complex sentence There is always some kind of sign.
7. In a complex sentence, each part is always separated by a comma.
8. Homogeneous members of a sentence can be words of different parts of speech.
10. The appeal may be highlighted with an exclamation mark.
II. Collocation
Determine the type of phrases: a) verbal; b) nominal; c) adverbial.
1. Play the scale.
2. Cup of coffee.
3. Intensive work.
5. Everyone likes you.
6. Too provocative.
7. Run quickly.
8. Very sincere.
9. Meet in the spring.
10. Two hundred tons.
III. Simple sentence. Main and minor members of the sentence
Determine whether the sentence is simple or complex: a) simple; b) complex.
1. Rainfalls are pouring all over the area, ropes are being made from raindrops.
2. A ray of sunshine sparkled, and everything around was transformed.
3. It’s night, and a huge moon is shining in the sky.
4. We refused help and did everything ourselves.
5. There were flowers in the park that had not yet bloomed.
6. I look at you now, and I remember the past.
7. I cried and felt better.
8. The rider spurred his horse, and soon he was no longer visible.
9. This circumstance, as I thought then, should have made the work much easier.
10. He looked and saw an oak tree growing on the edge.
IV. Direct speech
Determine which missing punctuation marks need to be added in sentences with direct speech: a) comma; b) two commas; c) colon; d) dash; e) question mark; e) the signs are placed correctly.
1. “Don’t be angry,” the grandmother said in a whisper and added, “Tomorrow we’ll go to the forest to pick berries.”
2. Seryozha stood up and, saying: “I’ll be back for dinner,” went out.
3. To my question: “Is the old caretaker alive?” no one could give me a satisfactory answer.
4. “So what about Arkady,” Nikolai Petrovich spoke again, turning to his son, “should we pawn the horses now, or what?”
5. “Why are you grinning?” he asked me, frowning.
6. Either the sun will appear, then it will be covered by clouds, and you think: “It’s going to rain,” and still there is no rain.
7. If the holy army shouts: “Throw away Rus', live in paradise!” - I will say “No need for paradise, give me my homeland.”
8. “Why did you come here!” - she shouted to him.
9. Having said the phrase “There is no easy life, there is only easy death” to Grichmar, Krymov caught Stishkov’s restless, warning glance.
V. Complex sentence with different types communications
Indicate which punctuation mark should be placed in the sentences in place of the question mark (?): a) comma; b) semicolon; c) colon; d) dash; e) a comma and a dash at the same time; e) no sign is needed.
1. To fall out of love and fall in love (?) at the same time means to love twice as much as before.
2. I don’t know if the sun warmed her, or if she (the butterfly) took juice from this grass (?), but it was clear that she felt very good.
3. Everything around was golden green, everything waved widely and softly under the quiet breath of the breeze (?); rooks walked, they disappeared into the rye, which had already turned slightly white.
4. Nikolai’s pockmarked face was covered with red spots (?) His small gray eyes looked at the officer without stopping.
5. Let him get money (?) where he wants and how he wants.
6. And, having done this, he felt that the result was the desired (?) He was touched, and she was touched.
7. It was hard to think that this place was residential (?) The exterior of the hut bore such a decisive look of desolation and disorder.
8. Who does not love art (?) or is callous in soul, or deaf to everything beautiful.
9. I wanted to answer Olesya with some joke and couldn’t (?) There was too much sincere conviction in her words.
10. I also remember Natalya Savishna, her love and affection, but now I only know how to appreciate them (?) At the same time, it never occurred to me what a rare, wonderful creature this old woman was.
Answers:
I: 1a, 2b, 3a, 4a, 5b, 6b, 7b, 8a, 9b, 10a.
II: 1c, 2b, 3b, 4c, 5c, 6b, 7b, 8a, 9a, 10c.
III: 1a, 2b, 3b, 4a, 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b, 9a, 10a.
IV: 1c, 2e, 3d, 4a, 5d, 6d, 7c, 8e, 9f, 10d.
V: 1d, 2d, 3b, 4a, 5e, 6c, 7d, 8d, 9c, 10d.
Lesson 50
Test analysis
Section 7
TEXT. MAIN TYPES
RECYCLING THE TEXT
Lesson 51 (28)
Text, its structure, types of transformation
and main features
Lesson objectives:
Summarize the knowledge on the topic “Text” acquired in grades 5-9; get acquainted with the types of text processing; strengthen your writing skills.
During the classes
I. Repetition and deepening of studied material
1. Text analysis (the text is pre-written from dictation with an explanation of punctuation marks).
Much more can be written about the Meshchera region. You can write that this region is rich in forests and peat, hay and potatoes, milk and berries. But I don't write about it on purpose. Should we really love our land just because it is rich, that it produces abundant harvests and that its natural forces can be used for our well-being? (K. Paustovsky)
(The theme of true patriotism unites all sentences into one whole.)
What is the main idea of the statement? (Unselfish love for the homeland.)
Can this statement be called a text? Justify your answer. (This is a text because the sentences are connected in meaning and grammatically, the statement is compositionally complete.)
Remember and formulate the concept of text. (The text is several sentences connected into a whole by theme and main idea; the statement is compositionally complete.)
2. Work according to the textbook.
Read the textbook material on page 144. Name the main features of the text.
Name the types of connections between sentences.
II. Knowledge control. Practicing skills and abilities
1. Copy the text. Determine how the sentences are related to each other.
1) Around the city, forests spread across low, gentle hills, mighty and untouched. 2) In the forests there were large meadows and deep lakes with huge old pine trees along the banks. 3) The pines made a quiet noise all the time. ( Yu. Kazakov.)
Commentary on the text : Sentences are interconnected by a chain (sequential) connection. At the beginning of the second sentence, the thought that ended the first sentence is repeated (... forests spread out...). The third sentence continues to develop the theme raised in the second sentence ( The pines... were noisy). Means of communication - repetition of words ( forests - in the forests, pine trees).
2. Copy the text. Determine the type of connection of sentences 2, 3, 4 in the text.
1) Suddenly the entire pine tree from roots to top shuddered and groaned. 2) The top of the pine tree swayed. 3) The tree began to slowly lean towards the road and suddenly collapsed, destroying neighboring pines. 4) With a heavy roar, the pine tree hit the ground and froze.
Comment to the text: In this text, the sentences are connected in parallel, since each subsequent sentence is constructed while maintaining the sequence of the main members ( The top swayed... the tree began to lean...). Communication means - synonyms and synonymous expressions: pine top - tree - pine.
3. Ex. 281 (orally).
4. Ex. 208.
Analyze what connection prevails between parts of the text. Write down the keywords.
Comment to the text: In this text, the sentences are connected in parallel. The means of communication is syntactic parallelism, that is, the same syntactic pattern is preserved in four sentences.
Keywords: Russia, a superstate, a sixth of the world, seven seas, mountains, bristly forests, snow, Byzantine domes.
III. Summing up the lesson
What is text?
Name the main features of the text.
What sentence connections exist in the text?
Homework
1. Ex. 201, 202 (oral).
2. Learn the textbook material on pp. 144-146.
Lesson 52
Text. Ways and means of communication between parts of the text
Lesson objectives:
To develop the ability to determine ways and means of communication between parts of the text; strengthen your spelling skills.
During the classes
I. Implementation of homework
1. Survey.
Tell us what a text is, name the main features of a text. Prove that this statement is a text (using the example of house exercise 201).
Define the text. What is chain (serial) communication?
What is parallel communication
What is the dominant connection between the parts of this text? (using the example of House Ex. 202).
2. Text analysis (recording from dictation).
Well-mannered people respect the human personality, and therefore are always condescending, gentle, polite, and compliant. They don't rebel over a hammer or a missing rubber band; when living with someone, they do not make a favor out of it, and when they leave, they do not say: I can’t live with you. They forgive noise, cold, witticisms, and the presence of strangers in their home. They are not only compassionate towards beggars and cats. They are sick in their souls and from what you cannot see with the naked eye... ( A. P. Chekhov.)
Can this statement be called a text? (Yes. The sentences are related to each other in meaning and grammatically, the statement is compositionally complete.)
Determine the topic of the statement. (Educated people.)
How are the sentences connected in this text? (The sentences are connected to each other by a parallel connection, i.e., each subsequent sentence is constructed while maintaining the sequence of arrangement of the main members of the sentence: Well-mannered people respect... They don’t rebel... They get sick.... Means of communication - pronoun: people - they.)
II. Repetition and deepening of the studied material
1. Ex. 284.
Analyze the types and means of communication between parts of the text in an excerpt from L. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”, based on the questions on page 147.
Sample answer:
a) Predicate verbs: carried away, were broken, flew into the air, were not noticed- plural forms part 3 persons. Such forms of predicates are used to compare sentences. In this paragraph, the sentences are connected in parallel.
b) This method of communication continues in the next paragraph. This confirms the repetition of the design " after each... after each..."
c) Chain communication is used in paragraphs 5 and 6.
d) All sentences in the text are united by the common theme of battle and increasing morale. The unity of the theme in the text is emphasized using linking words: by ten o'clock; in a few minutes; at ten o'clock; from an approaching thundercloud; more and more; A few minutes later, a thundercloud moved in.
e) The focus is " burning fire"in Pierre's soul.
f) How the mood of the soldiers changes and how their fighting spirit awakens is shown in paragraphs 5 and 6. This is preceded by " funny talk and jokes"(1 paragraph), in the second paragraph “the general excitement flared up more and more,” “lightning of a hidden, flaring fire flashed on the faces of these people”(3 paragraph). “A thundercloud had moved in, and the fire that Pierre had been watching burned brightly in all their faces.”- the fighting spirit of the soldiers manifests itself in full force. All parts of the text - sentences, paragraphs - are connected not only by a common theme, but also with the help of linguistic means: the unity of tense forms of predicate verbs (past tense everywhere).
2. Analysis of this text can be carried out according to plan (speech analysis of the text according to A. I. Vlasenkov)
1. Read the text expressively, indicate the characteristics of the text in it.
2. Determine its topic, main idea, and title it.
3. Identify micro-topics and make a plan.
4. Indicate the means of communication between parts of the text.
5. Determine the type of speech, style and genre.
6. Indicate the stylistic devices used.
7. Name the features of the construction of the text (its composition).
III. Independent work
Option I
Ex. 285 (the textbook assignment is being completed).
This text is taken from L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”. The title of the text is “I want to dance.” The main idea of the text is to reveal Natasha's inner experiences at the first ball. Type of connection - chain. The semantic connection is made by the words: she, her, at her, I, to me, me, with me.
Option II
Prove that this is the text.
This passage can be called a text, since the thematic and compositional unity of all parts can be highlighted. The theme of the text is the meeting of the princess with the archimandrite. The sentences are connected by a parallel connection. The sentences in the text are compared. Same word order ( The old man jumped... She raised... etc.), the members of the sentence are expressed in the same grammatical forms ( she said, the archimandrite entered).
IV. Summing up the lesson
What is chain (serial) communication?
What is parallel communication?
What can enhance parallel connection? (Page 146).
What is syntactic parallelism?
Homework
1. Ex. 298 or ex. 282 to choose from.
Answers to exercise. 298:
The method of communication in the text is parallel, because:
a) the text has the same word order (“ in which year - calculate, in which land - guess”; “Roman said, Demyan said, Luka said” etc.);
b) members of the sentence are expressed in the same grammatical forms ( As the red sun set, as evening came, the men sat down, lit a fire, and ran for vodka. etc.).
Repeat ( Roman said, Luke said; Luka screams, Demyan screams and etc.);
Synonymous phrases ( that one kept the path = that one walked and etc.)
Parallelism ( let's go for a walk, let's go shout and shout and etc.).
The estate in which Anna Sergeevna lived stood on a gently sloping open hill, not far from a yellow stone church with a green roof, white columns and al fresco painting above the main entrance, representing the “Resurrection of Christ” in the “Italian” style. Particularly remarkable for its rounded contours was the dark-skinned warrior in a cone, stretched out in the foreground. Behind the church stretched in two rows a long village with here and there chimneys flickering above the thatched roofs. The manor's house was built in the same style as the church, in the style that is known among us under the name of Alexandrovsky; This house was also painted yellow, and had a green roof, white columns, and a pediment with a coat of arms. The provincial architect erected both buildings with the approval of the late Odintsov, who did not tolerate any empty and spontaneous, as he put it, innovations. The dark trees of an ancient garden adjoined the house on both sides, and an alley of trimmed fir trees led to the entrance. Our friends were met in the hallway by two tall footmen in livery; one of them immediately ran after the butler. The butler, a fat man in a black tailcoat, immediately appeared and directed the guests along a carpeted staircase to a special room, where there were already two beds with all the toilet accessories. Order apparently reigned in the house: everything was clean, there was a decent smell everywhere, as if in ministerial reception rooms. “Anna Sergeevna asks you to come to them in half an hour,” the butler reported. Will there be any orders from you for now? “There will be no orders, most respected,” answered Bazarov, “would you please bring me a glass of vodka.” “I’m listening, sir,” said the butler, not without bewilderment, and walked away, his boots creaking. What a grunge! Bazarov noted, I think that’s what you call it? Duchess, that's it. “The duchess is good,” Arkady objected, “from the first time she invited such strong aristocrats as you and me. Especially me, the future doctor, and the doctor’s son, and the sexton’s grandson... After all, you know that I am the grandson of the sexton?.. “Like Speransky,” added Bazarov after a short silence and curling his lips. And yet she spoiled herself; oh, how this lady spoiled herself! Shouldn't we wear tailcoats? Arkady just shrugged his shoulder... but he also felt a little embarrassed. Half an hour later, Bazarov and Arkady went into the living room. It was a spacious, high room, decorated quite luxuriously, but without any particular taste. Heavy, expensive furniture stood in the usual prim order along the walls, upholstered in brown wallpaper with gold streaks; the late Odintsov ordered her from Moscow through his friend and commission agent, a wine merchant. A portrait of a flabby blond man hung above the middle sofa and seemed to be looking unfriendly at the guests. "It must be myself, Bazarov whispered to Arkady and, wrinkling his nose, added: “Should we run away?” But at that moment the hostess entered. She was wearing a light barge dress; her hair combed smoothly behind her ears gave a girlish expression to her clean and fresh face. “Thank you for keeping your word,” she began, “stay with me: it’s really not bad here.” I'll introduce you to my sister, she plays the piano well. It doesn’t matter to you, Monsieur Bazarov; but you, Monsieur Kirsanov, seem to love music; Besides my sister, I have an old aunt who lives with me, and a neighbor sometimes comes over to play cards: that’s our whole community. Now let's sit down. Odintsova pronounced this entire little speech with particular clarity, as if she had learned it by heart; then she turned to Arkady. It turned out that her mother knew Arkady’s mother and was even the confidant of her love for Nikolai Petrovich. Arkady spoke passionately about the deceased; and Bazarov, meanwhile, began to look at the albums. “How humble I have become,” he thought to himself. A beautiful greyhound dog with a blue collar ran into the living room, knocking her nails on the floor, and after her came a girl of about eighteen, black-haired and dark-skinned, with a somewhat round but pleasant face, with small dark eyes. She was holding a basket filled with flowers. “Here’s my Katya,” said Odintsova, pointing at her with a movement of her head. Katya sat down slightly, positioned herself next to her sister, and began sorting out the flowers. The greyhound dog, whose name was Fifi, approached the two guests in turn, wagging its tail, and poked each of them in the hand with its cold nose. Did you pick it all yourself? Odintsova asked. “Myself,” answered Katya. Will auntie come for tea? Will come. When Katya spoke, she smiled very sweetly, shyly and frankly, and looked somehow funny and stern, from bottom to top. Everything about her was still young-green: her voice, the fluff all over her face, her pink hands with whitish circles on their palms, and her slightly compressed shoulders... She blushed incessantly and quickly took a breath. Odintsova turned to Bazarov. “You are looking at the pictures out of decency, Evgeniy Vasilich,” she began. It doesn’t bother you. Better come over to us and let's argue about something. Bazarov approached. What do you want, sir? - he said. About whatever you want. I warn you that I am a terrible debater. Are you? ME: This seems to surprise you. Why? Because, as far as I can judge, your disposition is calm and cold, and for an argument you need passion. How did you manage to recognize me so soon? First of all, I am impatient and persistent, better ask Katya; and secondly, I get carried away very easily. Bazarov looked at Anna Sergeevna. Maybe you should know better. So, you want to argue, if you please. I looked at the views of Saxon Switzerland in your album, and you noticed to me that this could not occupy me. You said this because you don’t assume artistic sense in me, yes, I really don’t have it; but these species could interest me from a geological point of view, from the point of view of mountain formation, for example. Sorry; as a geologist, you would rather resort to a book, a special essay, rather than a drawing. The drawing will clearly present to me what is presented in the book on ten whole pages. Anna Sergeevna was silent. And yet you don’t have a bit of artistic sense? “She said, leaning her elbows on the table and with this very movement bringing her face closer to Bazarov. How do you manage without him? What is it used for, may I ask? Yes, at least to be able to recognize and study people. Bazarov grinned. Firstly, there is life experience for this; and, secondly, let me tell you, studying individual personalities is not worth the trouble. All people are similar to each other both in body and soul; each of us has the same brain, spleen, heart, and lungs; and the so-called moral qualities the same for everyone: small modifications mean nothing. One human specimen is enough to judge all others. People are like trees in the forest; not a single botanist will study each individual birch tree. Katya, who was slowly matching flower to flower, raised her eyes to Bazarov in bewilderment and, meeting his quick and careless gaze, flushed all the way to her ears. Anna Sergeevna shook her head. “Trees in the forest,” she repeated. Therefore, in your opinion, there is no difference between stupid and smart person, between good and evil? No, there is: as between a sick person and a healthy person. A consumptive person’s lungs are not in the same position as yours and mine, although they are structured the same. We know approximately why bodily ailments occur; and moral illnesses come from bad upbringing, from all sorts of trifles that fill people’s heads from childhood, from the ugly state of society, in a word. Correct society and there will be no diseases. Bazarov said all this with such an air, as if at the same time he was thinking to himself: “Believe me or not, it’s all the same to me!” He slowly ran his long fingers over his sideburns, and his eyes darted to the corners. “And you believe,” said Anna Sergeevna, “that when society corrects itself, there will no longer be either stupid or evil people? At least, with the correct structure of society, it will be completely equal whether a person is stupid or smart, evil or kind. Yes, I understand; everyone will have the same spleen. Exactly, sir, madam. Odintsova turned to Arkady. What is your opinion, Arkady Nikolaevich? “I agree with Evgeniy,” he answered. Katya looked at him from under her brows. “You surprise me, gentlemen,” said Odintsova, “but we will talk to you later.” And now, I hear auntie going to drink tea; we must spare her ears. Anna Sergeevna's aunt, Princess H...ya, a thin and small woman with a face clenched into a fist and motionless evil eyes under a gray lining, entered and, barely bowing to the guests, sank into a wide velvet chair, which no one except her had the right to right to sit down. Katya put a bench under her feet; The old woman did not thank her, did not even look at her, she only moved her hands under the yellow shawl that covered almost the entirety of her frail body. The princess loved yellow: She also had bright yellow ribbons on her cap. How did you rest, auntie? Odintsova asked, raising her voice. “This dog is here again,” the old woman grumbled in response and, noticing that Fifi took two hesitant steps in her direction, exclaimed: “Scatter, scatter!” Katya called Fifi and opened the door for her. Fifi happily rushed out, hoping that she would be taken for a walk, but, left alone outside the door, she began to scratch herself and squeal. The princess frowned, Katya wanted to go out... I think the tea is ready? Odintsova said. Gentlemen, let's go; Auntie, please have some tea. The princess silently rose from her chair and was the first to leave the living room. Everyone followed her to the dining room. A Cossack man in livery noisily pushed away from the table a chair covered with pillows, also a treasured one, into which the princess sank; Katya, who was pouring tea, was the first to serve her a cup with a painted coat of arms. The old woman put honey in her cup (she thought that drinking tea with sugar was both sinful and expensive, although she herself did not spend a penny on anything) and suddenly asked in a hoarse voice: What does Prince Ivan write? Nobody answered her. Bazarov and Arkady soon realized that they did not pay attention to her, although they treated her respectfully. " For the sake of they hold it in importance because they are the offspring of a prince,” thought Bazarov... After tea, Anna Sergeevna suggested going for a walk; but it began to rain, and the whole company, with the exception of the princess, returned to the living room. A neighbor arrived, an amateur card game, named Porfiry Platonich, a plump, gray-haired man with short, precisely chiseled legs, very polite and funny. Anna Sergeevna, who was talking more and more with Bazarov, asked him if he wanted to fight them in the old-fashioned way in preference. Bazarov agreed, saying that he needed to prepare in advance for his upcoming position as a district doctor. “Beware,” Anna Sergeevna remarked, “Porfiry Platonich and I will beat you.” And you, Katya,” she added, “play something for Arkady Nikolaevich; he loves music, by the way, we’ll listen. Katya reluctantly approached the piano; and Arkady, although he definitely loved music, reluctantly followed her: it seemed to him that Odintsova was sending him away, but in his heart, like everyone else young man at his age, some vague and languid feeling was already brewing, similar to a premonition of love. Katya lifted the lid of the piano and, without looking at Arkady, said in a low voice: What should you play? “Whatever you want,” Arkady answered indifferently. What kind of music do you like best? Katya repeated without changing her position. “Classical,” Arkady answered in the same voice. Do you like Mozart? I love Mozart. Katya took out Mozart’s purest sonata-fantasy. She played very well, although a little stern and dry. Without taking her eyes off the notes and tightly clenching her lips, she sat motionless and straight, and only towards the end of the sonata her face became hot and a small strand of her hair fell on her dark eyebrow. Arkady was especially struck by the last part of the sonata, that part in which, in the midst of the captivating gaiety of a carefree melody, gusts of such sad, almost tragic grief suddenly arise... But the thoughts aroused in him by the sounds of Mozart did not relate to Katya. Looking at her, he just thought: “But this young lady plays well, and she herself is not bad.” Having finished the sonata, Katya, without moving her hands on the key, asked: “Is that enough?” Arkady announced that he did not dare bother her any more, and started talking to her about Mozart; I asked her whether she chose this sonata herself, or who recommended it to her? But Katya answered him in monosyllables: she hid, went into herself. When this happened to her, she did not come out quickly; Her very face then took on a stubborn, almost stupid expression. She was not only timid, but distrustful and a little intimidated by the sister who raised her, which, of course, she did not suspect. Arkady ended up calling Fifi, who had returned, and began stroking her head with a benevolent smile. Katya took up her flowers again. And Bazarov, meanwhile, got back up and down. Anna Sergeevna played cards masterfully, Porfiry Platonich could also stand up for himself. Bazarov was left with a loss, although insignificant, but still not entirely pleasant for him. At dinner, Anna Sergeevna again started talking about botany. “Let’s go for a walk tomorrow morning,” she told him, “I want to know from you Latin names field plants and their properties. What do you need Latin names for? asked Bazarov. “Everything needs order,” she answered. “What a wonderful woman Anna Sergeevna is,” exclaimed Arkady, left alone with his friend in the room assigned to them. “Yes,” answered Bazarov, “a woman with a brain.” Well, she's seen the sights. In what sense are you saying this, Evgeniy Vasilich? B in a good way, in a good way, my father, Arkady Nikolaich! I am sure that she manages her estate well. But the miracle is not her, but her sister. How? Is this one dark? Yes, this one is dark. It’s fresh, and untouched, and timid, and silent, and everything you want. Here's what you can do. From this you can make whatever you want; and that one is grated kalach. Arkady did not answer Bazarov, and each of them went to bed with special thoughts in my head. And Anna Sergeevna that evening thought about her guests. She liked Bazarov for his lack of coquetry and the very harshness of his judgments. She saw something new in him that she had never encountered, and she was curious. Anna Sergeevna was pleased strange creature. Having no prejudices, not even having any strong beliefs, she did not retreat from anything and did not go anywhere. She saw a lot clearly, a lot occupied her, and nothing completely satisfied her; Yes, she hardly even wanted complete satisfaction. Her mind was inquisitive and indifferent at the same time: her doubts never subsided to the point of forgetfulness and never grew to anxiety. If she had not been rich and independent, she might have rushed into battle, would have known passion... But life was easy for her, although she was bored at times, and she continued to pass day after day, slowly and only occasionally worrying. Rainbow colors sometimes lit up before her eyes, but she rested when they faded and did not regret them. Her imagination carried even beyond the limits of what is considered permissible according to the laws of ordinary morality; but even then her blood still flowed quietly in her charmingly slender and calm body. Sometimes, coming out of the fragrant bath, all warm and pampered, she would dream about the insignificance of life, about its grief, work and evil... Her soul would be filled with sudden courage, boil with a noble aspiration; but a draft wind will blow from the half-closed window, and Anna Sergeevna will shrink all over, and complain, and almost get angry, and there is only one thing she needs at this moment: so that this nasty wind does not blow on her. Like all women who failed to fall in love, she wanted something, without knowing what exactly. Actually, she didn’t want anything, although it seemed to her that she wanted everything. She could hardly stand the late Odintsov (she married him out of convenience, although she probably would not have agreed to become his wife if she had not considered him a kind man) and received a secret disgust for all men whom she imagined to be nothing less than unkempt , heavy and sluggish, powerlessly annoying creatures. Once, somewhere abroad, she met a young, handsome Swede with a chivalrous expression on his face, with honest blue eyes under an open forehead; he made a strong impression on her, but this did not stop her from returning to Russia. “Is this doctor a strange man?” - she thought, lying in her magnificent bed, on lace pillows, under a light silk blanket... Anna Sergeevna inherited from her father a part of his inclination towards luxury. She loved her sinful but kind father very much, and he adored her, joked friendly with her, as with an equal, and trusted her completely, consulted with her. She barely remembered her mother. “This doctor is strange!” she repeated to herself. She stretched, smiled, put her hands behind her head, then ran her eyes over two pages of a stupid French novel, dropped the book and fell asleep, all clean and cold, in clean and fragrant linen. The next morning, Anna Sergeevna immediately after breakfast went to botanize with Bazarov and returned just before lunch; Arkady did not go anywhere and spent about an hour with Katya. He was not bored with her; she herself volunteered to repeat yesterday’s sonata to him; but when Odintsova finally returned, when he saw her, his heart instantly sank... She walked through the garden with a somewhat tired gait; Her cheeks turned red and her eyes shone brighter than usual under her round straw hat. She twirled a thin stalk in her fingers wildflower, a light mantilla fell to her elbows, and the wide gray ribbons of her hat clung to her chest. Bazarov walked behind her, self-confidently and casually, as always, but the expression on his face, although cheerful and even affectionate, did not please Arkady. Muttering through clenched teeth: “Hello!” Bazarov went to his room, and Odintsova absentmindedly shook Arkady’s hand and also walked past him. “Hello,” thought Arkady... “Didn’t we see each other today?”The purpose of the lesson:
Testing students' knowledge on the topic studied.
Control dictation
Three texts are offered, the teacher chooses at his own discretion:
1. Anna Sergeevna was a rather strange creature. Having no prejudices, no longer having any strong beliefs, she did not retreat from anything and did not go anywhere. She saw a lot clearly, a lot occupied her, and nothing completely satisfied her; Yes, she hardly even wanted complete satisfaction. Her mind was inquisitive at the same time: her doubts never subsided to the point of forgetfulness and never grew to anxiety. If she had not been rich and independent, she might have rushed into battle, would have known passion... But life was easy for her, although she was bored at times, and she continued to pass day after day, slowly and only occasionally worrying. Rainbow colors sometimes lit up before her eyes, but she rested when they faded and did not regret them. Her imagination carried even beyond the limits of what is considered permissible according to the laws of ordinary morality; but even then her blood still flowed quietly in her charming, calm body. Sometimes, coming out of the fragrant bath, all warm and pampered, she would dream about the insignificance of life, about its grief, work and evil... Her soul would be filled with sudden courage, boil with a noble aspiration; a through wind will blow from the half-closed window, and Anna Sergeevna will shrink all over, and complain, and almost get angry, and there is only one thing she needs at this moment: so that this nasty wind does not blow on her 4 . ( I. S. Turgenev.)
(220 words. Use and spelling of particles Not And neither. Vowel spelling. Spelling adverbs. Punctuation for homogeneous sentence parts.)
Dictation assignment:
Write down phrases, produce and parse
2. Sofya Nikolaevna was an amazing woman! Her lively, receptive, easily excited nature could instantly be carried away by impulses of the mind or heart and instantly transform from one creature into another, completely different from the first. Subsequently they called this property a pretense - they were grossly mistaken. It was some kind of artistic ability to suddenly move to another sphere, to another position, to unconditionally succumb to one’s thoughts and desires, which were completely sincere and therefore captivating everyone.
The thought and desire to reassure her worried father-in-law, whom she dearly loved, who stood up for her, was worried about her, was upset about her health; the idea of calming down her husband and his family, frightened and offended for her, by the grace of her intemperate tongue, so boundlessly took possession of Sofia Nikolaevna’s vivid imagination and feelings that she appeared as some kind of wonderful, magical creature, and soon everything around her submitted to an irresistible charm 4 . She poured the tea herself; She herself managed to serve cups first to her father-in-law, and then to her mother-in-law, and even to others. She managed to talk to everyone, and so deftly, so opportunely, so cheerfully that her father-in-law completely believed that she didn’t know anything about yesterday, he believed it - and he himself was amused. His gaiety also had a sociable quality, and an hour later there were no longer any visible traces of yesterday's storm. (According to S. T. Aksakov.)
(182 words. Punctuation in a complex sentence with isolated members of the sentence.)
Dictation assignment:
Perform a syntactic analysis of the specified sentence.
Write down the phrases and parse them.
3. Reader, are you familiar with those small noble estates with which our Ukraine abounded twenty-five, thirty years ago? Now they are rare, and in ten years the last of them will probably disappear without a trace. A flowing pond overgrown with vines and reeds, a haven for busy ducks, which are occasionally joined by a wary teal; behind the pond there is a garden with alleys of lindens, this beauty and honor of our black earth plains, with dead ridges of strawberries, with a continuous thicket of gooseberries, currants, raspberries, in the middle of which, in the languid hour of the motionless midday heat, the colorful scarf of a yard girl will certainly flash and her shrill voice will ring; right there is a barn on chicken legs, a greenhouse, a poor vegetable garden, with a flock of sparrows on the stamens and a cat crouched near a failed well; further - curly apple trees above tall grass that is green below and gray at the top, thin cherries, pears that never bear fruit; then flower beds with poppies, peonies, pansies, bushes of honeysuckle, wild jasmine, lilac and acacia, with incessant bees and bumblebees buzzing in the thick, odorous, sticky branches 4. Finally, the manor's house, one-story, on a brick foundation, with greenish glass in narrow frames, with a sloping, once painted roof, with a balcony from which jug-shaped railings fell, with a crooked mezzanine, with a voiceless old dog in a hole under the porch... ( According to I. S. Turgenev.)
(191 words. Spelling of vowels in suffixes and endings of nouns. Spelling of unstressed vowels. Spelling of consonants.)
Dictation assignment:
Perform punctuation analysis of the specified sentence.
Write out phrases from the last sentence and analyze them.
Lesson 49 (option 2)
Punctuation test
The purpose of the lesson:
Testing students' knowledge.
Test
I. Theory
Indicate which statements are true and which are false: a) true; b) incorrect.
1. The subject and predicate cannot form a phrase.
2. Introductory sentences as part of a simple sentence they form a complex sentence together with it.
3. The sign at the end of a sentence always determines the type of intonation.
4. If there are words as if, as if, exactly There is no dash between subject and predicate.
5. The predicate can be a simple verb and a simple nominal.
6. Some kind of sign is always placed between parts of a complex sentence.
7. In a complex sentence, each part is always separated by a comma.
8. Homogeneous members of a sentence can be words of different parts of speech.
10. The appeal may be highlighted with an exclamation mark.
II. Collocation
Determine the type of phrases: a) verbal; b) nominal; c) adverbial.
1. Play the scale.
2. Cup of coffee.
3. Intensive work.
5. Everyone likes you.
6. Too provocative.
7. Run quickly.
8. Very sincere.
9. Meet in the spring.
10. Two hundred tons.
III. Simple sentence. Main and minor members offers
Determine whether the sentence is simple or complex: a) simple; b) complex.
1. Rainfalls are pouring all over the area, ropes are being made from raindrops.
2. A ray of sunshine sparkled, and everything around was transformed.
3. It’s night, and a huge moon is shining in the sky.
4. We refused help and did everything ourselves.
5. There were flowers in the park that had not yet bloomed.
6. I look at you now, and I remember the past.
7. I cried and felt better.
8. The rider spurred his horse, and soon he was no longer visible.
9. This circumstance, as I thought then, should have made the work much easier.
10. He looked and saw an oak tree growing on the edge.
IV. Direct speech
Determine which missing punctuation marks need to be added in sentences with direct speech: a) comma; b) two commas; c) colon; d) dash; d) question mark; e) the signs are placed correctly.
1. “Don’t be angry,” the grandmother said in a whisper and added, “Tomorrow we’ll go to the forest to pick berries.”
2. Seryozha stood up and, saying: “I’ll be back for dinner,” went out.
3. To my question: “Is the old caretaker alive?” no one could give me a satisfactory answer.
4. “So what about Arkady,” Nikolai Petrovich spoke again, turning to his son, “should we pawn the horses now, or what?”
5. “Why are you grinning?” he asked me, frowning.
6. Either the sun will appear, then it will be covered by clouds, and you think: “It’s going to rain,” and still there is no rain.
7. If the holy army shouts: “Throw away Rus', live in paradise!” - I will say “No need for paradise, give me my homeland.”
8. “Why did you come here!” - she shouted to him.
9. Having said the phrase “There is no easy life, there is only easy death” to Grichmar, Krymov caught Stishkov’s restless, warning glance.
in the discipline "Russian language"
for students of the specialties “Nursing” and “Pharmacy”
1st year, 2nd semester
DICTATION
(5 options)
Option 1
Reader, are you familiar with those small noble estates with which our Ukraine abounded twenty-five, thirty years ago? Now they are rare, and in ten years the last of them will probably disappear without a trace. A flowing pond overgrown with willows and reeds, the freedom of busy ducks, which are occasionally joined by a wary teal; behind the pond there is a garden with alleys of lindens, this beauty and honor of our black earth plains, with dead beds of strawberries, with a continuous thicket of gooseberries, currants, raspberries, in the middle of which, in the languid hour of the motionless midday heat, the colorful scarf of a yard girl will certainly flash and her shrill voice will ring; right there is a barn on chicken legs, a greenhouse, a poor vegetable garden, with a flock of sparrows on the stamens and a cat crouched near a failed well; further - curly apple trees above tall grass that is green below and gray at the top, thin cherries, pears that never bear fruit; then flower beds with poppies, peonies, pansies, bushes of honeysuckle, wild jasmine, lilac and acacia, with the constant buzz of bees and bumblebees in the thick, odorous, sticky branches. Finally, the manor house, one-story, on a brick foundation, with greenish glass in narrow frames, with a sloping, once painted roof, with a balcony from which jug-shaped railings had fallen, with a crooked mezzanine, with a voiceless old dog in a hole under the porch...
(According to I.S. Turgenev) (191 words)
Grammar task.
1st century: Reader, are you familiar with those small noble estates with which our Ukraine abounded twenty-five, thirty years ago?
2nd century: Now they are rare, and in ten years the last of them will probably disappear without a trace.
Option 2
Anna Sergeevna was a rather strange creature. Having no prejudices, no longer having any strong beliefs, she did not retreat from anything and did not go anywhere. She saw a lot clearly, a lot occupied her, and nothing completely satisfied her; Yes, she hardly even wanted complete satisfaction. Her mind was inquisitive and indifferent at the same time: her doubts never subsided to the point of forgetfulness and never grew to anxiety. If she had not been rich and independent, she might have rushed into battle, would have known passion... But life was easy for her, although she was bored at times, and she continued to pass day after day, slowly and only occasionally worrying. Rainbow colors sometimes lit up before her eyes, but she rested when they faded and did not regret them. Her imagination carried even beyond the limits of what is considered permissible according to the laws of ordinary morality; but even then her blood still flowed quietly in her charmingly slender and calm body. Sometimes, coming out of the fragrant bath, all warm and pampered, she would dream about the insignificance of life, about its grief, work and evil... Her soul would be filled with sudden courage, boil with a noble aspiration; but a draft wind will blow from the half-closed window, and Anna Sergeevna will shrink all over, and complain, and almost become angry, and only one thing she needs at this moment: so that this nasty wind does not blow on her.
(I.S. Turgenev) (220 words)
Grammar task.
Parse the sentence:
1st century: Having no prejudices, no longer having any strong beliefs, she did not retreat from anything and did not go anywhere.
2nd century: Her imagination was carried away even beyond the limits of what is considered permissible according to the laws of ordinary morality; but even then her blood still flowed quietly in her charmingly slender and calm body.
Option 3
From the high bank you can see far away the meadows flooded with the morning shine, not yet awakened from the night's slumber, the calm blue of the river bending in the distance, the shine of the morning skies and the endless sea of grass. And among it, drowned to the waist, the mowers had already stretched out like an incorrectly bent thread.
The first mown rows are already turning grey, and piles of folded caftans turn black around them, and under the bushes of meadow willow the brought jugs of sour kvass, plugged with a rolled up towel or burdock, are placed.
Those in front will go through the row and, having made a few last short strokes to cut off the ungrabbed patches of grass, throwing their braids over their shoulders, they go to start a new row.
Some will go down to the river to rinse the blade of the scythe from sticking small grass and earth and scoop fresh, cold water into tin lingonberries from under the willow bushes that bend down to the water itself.
The sun will warm up, and the meadow will smell stronger of porridge and the stuffy mixed aroma of flowers and grass. The river at the bend under the forest is still freshly blue, but in the open space in the middle it already sparkles dazzlingly. In the distance, on a steep limestone bank, washed away by floods, in the thin morning air, a village with a white church and windmills is strangely clearly visible. Some slowly move their old, repaired wings, others stand motionless.
Rows upon rows are growing. Already a large space was full of them. Cut grass and flowers droop their heads and wither. In the rows, grasshoppers chirp even louder and jump from under their feet.
(P. Romanov. “Childhood”. 207 words)
Grammar task.
Parse the sentence:
1st century: The sun will warm up, and the meadow will smell stronger of porridge and the stuffy mixed aroma of flowers and grass.
2nd century: Some slowly move their old closed wings, others stand motionless.
Option 4
It was no longer night. The morning was beginning. The stars went out, and the sky seemed blue-gray and gloomy. Cast iron slabs, monuments and tree buds were covered with dew. There was a sharp sense of freshness in the air. Behind the fence there was no longer the same excitement that I had seen at night. The horses and people seemed tired, sleepy, barely moving, and all that was left of the tar barrels were heaps of black ash. When a person is tired and wants to sleep, it seems to him that nature is experiencing the same state. It seemed to me that the trees and young grass were sleeping. It seemed that even the bells were not ringing as loudly and cheerfully as at night. The anxiety ended, and all that was left from the excitement was a pleasant languor, a thirst for sleep and warmth.
Now I could see the river with both banks. A light fog hovered here and there in the hills above her. The water smelled cold and harsh. When I jumped on the ferry, there was already someone’s chaise and about two dozen men and women standing on it. The rope, wet and, as it seemed to me, sleepy, stretched far across the wide river and in places disappeared into the white fog.
(A. Chekhov. “Holy Night”. 167 words)
Grammar task.
Parse the sentence:
1st century: The horses and people seemed tired, sleepy, barely moving, and only heaps of black ash remained from the tar barrels.
2nd century: The anxiety ended, and all that was left from the excitement was pleasant languor, a thirst for sleep and warmth.
Option 5
Deep, deep autumn. The harvested fields were empty, and on the borders only dry bushes of wormwood and rowan swaying in the wind remained.
In the garden, leaves are slowly falling and being swept into all the grooves and depressions of the paths. And soon the earth will freeze, and the first snowflakes will flutter in the frosty air.
But I don’t want to go home yet; you wander along the empty, littered paths in the garden, looking for a forgotten, unpicked apple on a tree, which seems tastier than those lying in the basement on fresh straw. You walk, listen to something and examine everything, as if in last time. In the birch forest there are empty, abandoned nests of rooks, in the flower garden there are broken, wet flowers and dew that does not dry all day.
There are still warm days, in the morning on the horizon, in the brilliance of the sun, in a barely noticeable transparent blue, rural churches clearly turn white, stripes turn yellow distant forests, cobwebs glisten on the wet foliage of the bushes. But in the air there is no longer the caressing summer warmth, the smells of porridge and blooming honey buckwheat - there is cold transparency and sad silence in it.
And the forests, touched by the first morning frosts, are decorated with a lush yellowness, which is reflected on the face with golden light when you walk along a narrow forest path, moving away the hazel branches with your hands.
Grammar task.
Parse the sentence:
1st century: But in the air there is no longer the caressing summer warmth, the smells of porridge and blooming honey buckwheat - there is cold transparency and sad silence in it.
2nd century: The harvested fields were empty, and on the boundaries there were only dry bushes of wormwood and rowan, swaying in the wind.
Presentation of a literary text and a set of tasks for it.
And Anna Sergeevna that evening thought about her guests. She liked Bazarov - for his lack of coquetry and the very harshness of his judgments. She saw something new in him that she had never encountered, and she was curious.
Anna Sergeevna was a rather strange creature. Having no prejudices, not even having any strong beliefs, she did not yield to anything and did not go anywhere. She saw a lot clearly, a lot occupied her, and nothing completely satisfied her; Yes, she hardly even wanted complete satisfaction. Her mind was inquisitive and indifferent at the same time: her doubts never subsided to the point of forgetfulness and never grew to anxiety. If she had not been rich and independent, she might have rushed into battle, would have known passion... But life was easy for her, although she was bored at times, and she continued to pass day after day, slowly and only occasionally worrying. Rainbow colors sometimes lit up before her eyes, but she rested when they faded and did not regret them. Her imagination carried even beyond the limits of what is considered permissible according to the laws of ordinary morality; but even then her blood still flowed quietly in her charmingly slender and calm body. Sometimes, coming out of the fragrant bath, all warm and pampered, she would dream about the insignificance of life, about its grief, work and evil... Her soul would be filled with sudden courage, boil with a noble aspiration; but a draft wind will blow from the half-closed window, and Anna Sergeevna will shrink all over, and complain, and almost get angry, and there is only one thing she needs at this moment: so that this nasty wind does not blow on her.
Like all women who failed to fall in love, she wanted something, without knowing what exactly. Actually, she didn’t want anything, although it seemed to her that she wanted everything. She could hardly stand the late Odintsov (she married him out of convenience, although she probably would not have agreed to become his wife if she had not considered him a kind man) and received a secret disgust for all men whom she imagined to be nothing less than unkempt , heavy and sluggish, powerlessly annoying creatures. Once, somewhere abroad, she met a young, handsome Swede with a knightly expression on his face, with honest blue eyes under an open forehead; he made a strong impression on her, but this did not stop her from returning to Russia.
“This doctor is a strange man!” - she thought, lying in her magnificent bed, on lace pillows, under a light silk blanket... Anna Sergeevna inherited from her father a part of his inclination towards luxury. She loved her sinful but kind father very much, and he adored her, joked friendly with her, as with an equal, and trusted her completely, consulted with her. She barely remembered her mother.
“This doctor is strange!” - she repeated to herself. She stretched, smiled, put her hands behind her head, then ran her eyes over two pages of a stupid French novel, dropped the book - and fell asleep, all clean and cold, in clean and fragrant linen.
Tasks
1. Retell (in detail or concisely) a fragment of the novel “Fathers and Sons.”
2. Give a reasoned answer to one of two questions formulated below. Arguments can be given based on the content of the novel “Fathers and Sons”, other literary works and life experience (personal impressions, own reflections, knowledge, etc.).
· What is sympathetic and what is alarming about Odintsova’s character?
· Can peace and comfort be the main value of life?
Presentation of a journalistic text and a set of tasks for it.
When a person consciously or intuitively chooses some goal or life task for himself in life, he at the same time involuntarily gives himself an assessment. By what a person lives for, one can judge his self-esteem - low or high.
If a person sets himself the task of acquiring all the basic material goods, he evaluates himself at the level of these material goods: as a car owner latest brand, as the owner of a luxurious dacha, as part of his furniture set...
If a person lives to bring good to people, to alleviate their suffering from illness, to give people joy, then he evaluates himself at the level of this humanity. He sets himself a goal worthy of a person.
Only a vital goal allows a person to live his life with dignity and get real joy. Yes, joy! Think: if a person sets himself the task of increasing goodness in life, bringing happiness to people, what failures can befall him? Help the wrong person who should? But how many people don't need help? If you are a doctor, then perhaps you misdiagnosed the patient? This happens to the best doctors. But in total, you still helped more than you didn’t help. No one is immune from mistakes. But the most important mistake, the fatal mistake, is choosing the wrong main task in life. Not promoted - disappointing. I didn’t have time to buy a stamp for my collection - it’s a shame. Someone has better furniture than you or best car- again disappointment, and what a disappointment!
When setting the goal of a career or acquisition, a person experiences in total much more sorrows than joys, and risks losing everything. And what can a person lose who rejoiced in every way? good deed? It is only important that the good that a person does should be his inner need, come from an intelligent heart, and not just from the head, and should not be a “principle” alone.
Therefore, the main task in life must necessarily be a task that is broader than just personal; it should not be limited only to one’s own successes and failures. It should be dictated by kindness towards people, love for family, for your city, for your people, for your country, for the entire universe.
Does this mean that a person should live like an ascetic, not take care of himself, not acquire anything and not enjoy a simple promotion?
(342 words)
Exercise
Retell (in detail or concisely) a fragment of the letter of the 6th “Purpose and Self-Esteem” from the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful.”
Write an essay by doing one out of two tasks formulated below. Arguments can be given based on literary works and life experience (personal impressions, own thoughts, knowledge, etc.).
1. Give a reasoned answer to the question:
Why is choosing the wrong main task in life a “fatal mistake”?
2. Comment on one of the problems raised by the author of the letter, formulating and arguing your own position.
Grammar mistake - this is an error in the structure linguistic unit: in the structure of a word, phrase or sentence; this is a violation of any grammatical norm– word formation, morphological, syntactic. For example:
–slip instead of slipping, nobility instead of nobility - here an error was made in the word-formation structure of the word, the wrong prefix or suffix was used;
– no comments instead of no comment , go go instead more easier– the form of the word is formed incorrectly, i.e. it is broken morphological norm;
– pay the rent, awarded– the structure of the phrase is broken (management standards are not followed);
– After skating on the skating rink, my legs hurt; In the essay I wanted to show the importance of sports and why I love it– sentences with participles (1) and homogeneous members (2) are constructed incorrectly, i.e. syntactic norms are violated.
Unlike grammatical speech errors– these are errors not in the construction, not in the structure of a linguistic unit, but in its use, most often in the use of a word. These are mainly violations of lexical norms, for example: Stolz is one of the main characters in Goncharov’s novel of the same name “Oblomov”; They lost their only two sons in the war. The word eponymous (or unique) itself does not contain an error; it is only used poorly, does not “fit” into the context, and does not fit in meaning with its immediate surroundings.
Spelling mistake – this is an incorrect spelling of the word; it can only be allowed in writing, usually in a weak phonetic position (for vowels - in an unstressed position, for consonants - at the end of a word or before another consonant) or in continuous-separate-hyphenated spellings. This error can only be seen, it cannot be heard: in the square, about a blue pencil, there was no one, half an orange.
Speech literacy is assessed by the number of errors and omissions made by the examinee in the text of the written work.
The assessment of essays is subject to the provisions on similar and minor errors. Let us recall the corresponding passage from the “Norms for assessing knowledge, skills and abilities in the Russian language.”
Among the errors one should highlight not rough, i.e., not significant for the characteristics of literacy. When counting errors, two minor ones are counted as one.
Non-blank errors include:
1) in exceptions to the rules;
2) in writing capital letters in compound proper names;
3) in cases of separate and continuous writing Not with adjectives and participles acting as a predicate;
4) in writing And And s after prefixes;
5) in difficult cases of discrimination Not And neither (Where did he turn! Wherever he turned, no one could give him an answer. No one else...; none other than...; nothing else is...; nothing more than... and etc.);
6) in cases where instead of one punctuation mark another is placed;
7) in the omission of one of the combined punctuation marks or in violation of their sequence.
It is also necessary to take into account the repeatability and uniformity of errors. If an error is repeated in the same word or in the roots of words with the same root, then it is counted as one error.
Same typeErrors per rule are considered if the selection conditions correct spelling are contained in the grammatical (in the army, in the grove; prick, fight) and phonetic (pie, cricket) features of a given word.
Not considered the same errors on a rule in which, in order to find out the correct spelling of one word, you need to select another (reference) word or its form ( water - water, mouth - mouth, sad - sad, sharp - sharp).
The first three errors of the same type are counted as one error, each subsequent similar error is counted as an independent one. If two or more errors are made in one unchecked word, then all of them are counted as one error.
The concept of errors of the same type does not apply to punctuation errors.
Graphic errors (not taken into account during verification) - a type of error associated with graphics, i.e., written means of this language, fixing the relationship between letters in writing and sounds oral speech. In addition to letters, graphic tools include: various techniques for abbreviating words, using spaces between words, various underlinings and font selections.
Graphic errors are various typos and typos caused by the inattentiveness of the writer or haste in writing. Misprints are corrected, but not taken into account - incorrect spellings that distort the sound appearance of the word ( rumbles instead of works , memlya instead of Earth ).
The most common ones usually include:
Missing letters: ... the whole novel is worth it (follows: built) on this conflict;
Permutations of letters, eg: ... new names of products (follows: products);
Replacing some alphabetic characters with others, for example: legendary Battle on the Ice (follows: legendary Battle of the Ice);
Adding extra letters: That is why it is important in any, even the most difficult, conditions <...> (follows: even);
The practice of conducting the exam has shown that when checking and evaluating exam papers, teachers experience certain difficulties in identifying errors in the written speech of examinees.
Classification of errors corrected and taken into account when assessing a student’s work
Grammatical errors
№ p/p | Type of error | Examples |
Trudol beam oh, above laugh |
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Erroneous formation of a noun form | Many miracles A technology, not enough time I |
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Erroneous formation of the adjective form | More interesting, more beautiful |
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Erroneous formation of a numeral form | WITH five hundred rubles |
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Erroneous formation of the pronoun form | Theirspathos , ihi children |
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Erroneous formation of the verb form | They travel, want, write about the life of nature |
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Negotiation violation | I know a group of guys who are seriously into... imisya jazz. |
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Impaired control | You need to make your nature more beautiful. Narrates readers. |
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Disruption of connection between subject and predicate | Majority objected against such an assessment of his work. |
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Violation of the way of expressing the predicate in individual constructions | He wrote a book that epic. Everyone was glad, happy and funny. |
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Errors in constructing sentences with homogeneous members | A country loved And was proud poet. In the essay I wanted to say about the meaning of sports and why I love it. |
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Errors in constructing sentences with participles | Reading the text, there is such a feeling... |
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Errors in constructing sentences with participial phrases | The narrow path was covered failing snow under your feet. |
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Errors in the construction of complex sentences | This book taught me to appreciate and respect friends, which I read as a child. It seemed to the man That that this is a dream. |
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Mixing direct and indirect speech | ||
Violation of sentence boundaries | When the hero came to his senses. It was too late. |
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Violation of the types of tense correlation of verb forms | Freezesfor a moment the heart and suddenly will knock again. |
Speech errors
No. | Type of error | Examples |
Using a word in a meaning that is unusual for it | We were shocked wonderful acting. Thought develops on continuation the entire text. |
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Failure to distinguish shades of meaning introduced into a word by prefix and suffix | My attitude to this problem is not has changed.Were accepted spectacular measures. |
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Failure to distinguish synonymous words | ||
The use of words of a different stylistic coloring | ||
Inappropriate use of emotionally charged words and phraseological units | Astafiev every now and then resorts to the use of metaphors and personifications. |
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Unjustified use of colloquial words | Such people always succeed burn others. |
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Violation lexical compatibility | ||
Use of unnecessary words, including pleonasm |
Youngyoung man Very beautiful |
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Using nearby or closely related words (tautology) | In that the story is told about real events. |
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Unjustified repetition of a word | Herostory does not think about his actions. Hero He doesn’t even understand the depth of what he’s done. |
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Poverty and monotony of syntactic structures | When the writer came to the editorial office , he was accepted Chief Editor. When they talked, the writer went to the hotel. |
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Poor use of pronouns. | This text was written by V. Belov. He refers to artistic style. I immediately had a picture of his imagination |
One of the most typical grammatical errors (K9) are errors associated with the use of verbs, verb forms, adverbs, particles:
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