The advantages of any breed are more clearly manifested in comparison with species with similar biological, ecological, decorative and other properties.

The Siberian cedar has such close and distant relatives. Korean cedar and dwarf cedar grow in Russia. The first is a tree. The second is a tall (up to 4 m) shrub. High in the mountains of Europe, including the Ukrainian Carpathians, the European tree cedar found shelter and refuge during the glaciation.

These cedars do not make high demands on most environmental factors. Being Siberians by origin, they are distinguished by excellent health and longevity, do not suffer from diseases that damage other forest species. But they differ significantly in cold resistance, the duration of the growing season and the optimal temperatures required for the growing season.

Cedar pines are shade-tolerant, but grow better, bear fruit earlier, more abundantly and more regularly in the light. At a young age, they put up with shading for a long time, while sharply reducing the growth, and they later mature. Trees grown in dense plantings begin to bear fruit from 50-80 years old, growing in open space with full illumination - from 15-25 years. Therefore, for normal physiological development and timely formation of the crop, they must be grown from an early age in the light.

European cedar(Pinus cembra L.) - the closest relative of the Siberian cedar, its younger "brother". During their hybridization, interspecific hybrids were obtained. This species was formed as a result of long-term spatial isolation in the climatic conditions of the high mountains of Central Europe. Morphologically very close to Siberian cedar. It differs from it in slow growth, smaller tree height (10-25 m), narrower (1 mm) and short (5-8 cm) dark green, with weak blue needles, smaller cones and seeds. The needles remain on the tree for 6-8 years. It grows in a relatively mild continental climate, with low negative air temperatures in winter and high in summer, with an average annual value not exceeding 0 ° C, and can be content with a growing season of only 2.5 months.

The modern range of the species is located in the mountains of Central and Western Europe: in the middle and high mountains of the Carpathians, in the Tatras, in the Alpine mountains of France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, where the European cedar often forms the upper border of the forest in a wide range of heights, from 1200 to 2400 m above sea ​​level. Grows in large clean or mixed plantations with falling larch and European spruce.

Trees reach maturity in the open space at 40-50 years, in a plantation at 60-70 years. Abundant harvests in natural highland conditions appear in 6-10 years. When introduced in the Voronezh forest-steppe and in the Moscow region from the individuals selected by Professor E.V. Titov (2004) - almost every year. The breed is durable. Individual trees can live up to 1000 years.

Unlike Siberian cedar, European cedar is more drought-resistant. It is a xeromesophyte and therefore adapts better in areas with an arid climate.

It is widely introduced into the culture in many European countries - from Western Ukraine to France, from Romania in the south to Norway and Sweden in the north. Various forms of this species are cultivated: those differing in the shape of the crown - columnar, open, shrub, according to the color of the needles - bright green, golden, variegated-coniferous and others.

Korean cedar, or Manchurian(Pinus koraiensis Sieb. Et Zucc) is more distant in origin from the Siberian cedar. Controlled crosses between them did not produce hybrids, which indicates the genetic heterogeneity of these cedar pines. The species differ not only in the size and color of the cones, the shape and structure of the seeds, but also in the anatomy of the needles and the morphological features of the pollen.

It is a large, upright tree 35-40 m high and up to 2 m in diameter, with a powerful, often multi-peaked crown, with less dense backing than Siberian cedar. Most often, multi-peaks are formed as a result of breaking off the original top of large trees under the weight of a large number of large cones during the years of abundant seed production and the action of the wind.

The bark is pinkish-gray, thick, smooth at a young age, later fissured. Young shoots with dense reddish-rusty pubescence. The needles are triangular, 10-20 cm long, 1-2 mm wide, hard, bluish-green.

The root system is superficial, well developed, with powerful lateral roots. The best soils are fresh light deep loams, underlain by gravel or sand. The rock is undemanding to ash substances. Does not tolerate excess moisture in the upper soil horizons, avoids cold and wet soils with poor aeration, although to put up with running moisture. It is not very sensitive to spring and autumn droughts in areas of its natural habitat.

In youth, cedar grows more slowly under shading conditions than deciduous trees, but faster than spruce or fir. Increases growth in height and diameter with age, keeping it as a durable breed, until old age. Individual trees grow for 500 years or more.

Forms the largest cones among all our cedar pines, 10-15 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, with outward-bent apophyses of seed scales. The seeds are twice as large as those of the Siberian cedar, but with a thicker shell. Good harvests are observed every 3-4 years.

Occupies habitats with an average annual air temperature slightly above 0 ° C, with a small amplitude of fluctuations throughout the year. Differs in comparative cold resistance. Distributed in the Far East, in the mountains of Northeast China and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, on the island of Honshu in Japan, in areas with high air humidity.

It is of interest for green building and the creation of forest plantations in the forest zone. Cultivated in Moscow, Leningrad, Voronezh regions, in Bashkiria.

Dwarf cedar(Pinus pumila Regel) is also not a close relative of the Siberian cedar. Their ranges, as a rule, do not coincide. Only in small areas in the Baikal region and in Southwestern Yakutia do they overlap, but the species grow most often in various ecological niches, that is, they are ecologically isolated. The question of the possibility of natural hybridization between them remains controversial.

Occupies vast territories in Eastern Siberia and the Far East from Lake Baikal to the Kuril Islands. Found in China, Mongolia, North Korea and Japan (Honshu Island).

It is an evergreen coniferous, highly branched, creeping tree-like shrub or small tree, 3 to 7 m tall. The trunks lie on the ground, and the tops are raised by 2-3 m. In contact with the ground, the trunks and branches form adventitious roots, thanks to which they receive additional nutrients from the soil. The length of creeping trunks at the age of 220-280 years can reach 17 m, and the thickness - 25 cm.

An important ecological feature of dwarf pine is the ability to bend branches to the ground and lie down on it after the onset of frost and a stable snow cover. They hibernate under the snow in the harshest climates. With the onset of positive daytime temperatures, the branches rise. This adaptive property of the northerner is firmly preserved even under more comfortable conditions of introduction. In the Lipetsk region, at the forest-steppe experimental breeding station, dwarf cedar falls on the ground when the temperature reaches -25 ... -30 ° C.

The needles in bunches of 5 needles, gray-green, tough, triangular, 4-8 cm long. Firmly pressed to the shoots, stays on the branches for 2-4 years.

Dwarf cedar grows slowly. It is undemanding to the soil: it grows on sands, sandy loams, on slopes and gravelly soils.

Usually forms a shallow root system, in deep fresh soils - deep.

Propagated by seeds carried by nutcrackers and other representatives of the fauna, as well as by layering. Forms adventitious roots, especially on moss substrates.

Seed production begins at the age of 22-30, earlier - in favorable soil and climatic conditions. Weak harvests appear almost annually, plentiful - every 2-3 years. Cones are small, cylindrical, 4-5 cm long, 2-3 cm wide. Contains 35-40 small edible seeds (nuts).

Dwarf cedar is of interest for strengthening slopes and sands in moisture-rich areas, for creating "alpine gardens" and group plantings in gardens and parks.

Cedar and pine are two trees that belong to the same Pine family. Despite the external similarity, both plants have a number of significant differences.

What is cedar and pine

Cedar Is a genus of trees of the Pine family, which consists of only a few species.
Lebanese cedar
Pine Is a genus of trees of the Pine family, numbering about 120 species.
Scots pine
Siberian cedar pine

Comparison of cedar and pine

What is the difference between cedar and pine?
Cedars are widespread within the subtropical climatic zone - the Mediterranean, the mountainous Crimea, the Himalayas. Therefore, there are only a few species of these plants - Lebanese, Himalayan and Atlas cedar.
Pine trees are common in temperate and subtropical climates in Eurasia and North America. Today there are about 200 species of pine trees on Earth. Pines are evergreens. Depending on living conditions, they look like large trees with a crown of different shapes, and miniature shrubs.
Cedar is a monoecious plant that grows up to 50 meters in height. The tree is evergreen with a characteristic, spreading crown. The needles are arranged spirally, collected in bundles of 30-40 pieces each. A single needle resembles a needle. It can be three-sided or four-sided, painted in a special emerald-steel color.
Pine is a monoecious plant with long or short needles. The bundle contains from two to five long needles, the number of which underlies the taxonomy of pines. In case of damage, rosettes form on the tree, from which short needles grow. The color of the green mass of pine depends on the climate and the quality of the soil, therefore it varies from light silver to intense green.
Cedar cones are located singly, "stick out" like candles, and have a special barrel-shaped shape. Such a cone ripens in the second or third year of its formation. This organ of seed incubation is characterized by the presence of numerous, spirally arranged scales, to which tiny ones are attached - only 15% of the total weight of the cones! - winged seeds. The embryo of the future cedar consists of 8-10 cotyledons. When a seed enters the ground, a sprout of a new cedar is able to grow - "hatch" in just 3 weeks.
Pine cones have a characteristic oblong shape, do not "stick out", but sadly hang from the branches. While the seed is ripening, the scales adhere very tightly, but when ripe they open, "releasing" the seeds. For each scale, there is a pair of winged or wingless seeds. A very small pine bud has 4 to 15 cotyledons. Germination time depends on the species and geographical location of the plant.
Due to the greater distribution and number of species, pine is more intensively used by humans.

TheDifference.ru determined that the difference between cedar and pine is as follows:

The number of pine species is ten times greater than the number of cedar species.
The distribution area of ​​pine is much wider than that of cedar.
The morphology and size of the pine is much more varied than that of the cedar.
There are more needles in a cedar bunch than in a pine bunch.
Pine trees are of great economic importance for mankind.

This tree is called Siberian cedar. Although botanists dispute the name - and rightly so: it does not belong to the Cedar genus, but it has a close relationship with pines. This biological species is called Siberian Pine (in Latin Pinus sibirica). Sometimes "cedar" is added. Since we are not specialists - taxonomists, we no longer delve into such subtleties, we name the tree, as is customary. You can call it differently - both cedar and Siberian cedar pine - it is important that we understand what we are talking about ... And indeed, what to do now if Siberian pine forests are called "cedars" in Siberia? Do not rename ...

First of all, Siberian cedar is a very beautiful tree! Slender, covered with dense, long and soft needles. Take a closer look - the Siberian cedar has five long needles in a bunch, and not two, as in. The needles are triangular, dark green, covered with a waxy coating. The bark also differs in color - in the Siberian cedar it is grayish-brown. The crown is dense, with thick branches. The shoots of the last year stand out for their color - they are rather silvery-brown.

The tree grows very slowly. Apparently, for this reason, cedar grows so slender. He can live for a long time - up to five hundred years, or maybe more. And only at 50 - 60 years old Siberian cedar begins to bear fruit. Then, on the tops of young shoots, female cones appear, in which seed scales with two ovules are located under the covering scales. And near the base of the shoot of the last year, male cones grow, pollen ripens in them. It is carried by the wind (as, by the way, with all pine trees).

For more than a year, Siberian cedar seeds ripen in cones. Here they are very different from the seeds of Scots pine! Large - about a centimeter in length, more than half a centimeter in thickness - they are called "pine nuts" (although, from the point of view of biologists, they are not nuts!). They do not have any wings and cannot be carried by the wind, like the seeds of Scots pine, at least because of their weight. But taiga animals - squirrels, chipmunks, nutcrackers - take an active part in the spread of seeds. Part of their reserves, made for the winter, may be forgotten, lost. And then in the spring the seeds from such a "pantry" germinate.

Seeds ripen by the end of the summer of the year following pollination, in August. Cones dry out, become less resinous and begin to fall off the trees. It was then that the collection of "pine nuts" (the so-called "fight of the pine cone") begins in the places of mass growth of Siberian pine. Previously, this process was rather strictly regulated by peasant communities. Then the state took over this function. What is happening now, we, who live far from the cedars, can only guess ...

Pine nuts are eaten both directly and as part of various dishes. They are very useful, as they contain almost all the amino acids we need, B vitamins, vitamins E and K. Siberian pine seeds are rich in trace elements - manganese, zinc, iron, copper, magnesium, phosphorus. Still, pine nuts are mainly used for the production of pine nut oil.

Pine nuts contain a lot of polyunsaturated fatty acids. When extracted from seeds, you get valuable cedar oil that can be used for both culinary and medicinal purposes. In terms of its qualities, it is superior to olive! But when buying it, you need to make sure that you are buying a truly valuable product. The fact is that for the extraction of oil there is several ways. The first one is cold pressing. The seeds are placed under a press and oil is squeezed out of them. It is the cold-pressed oil that should be used for medical purposes, as well as in cosmetics. There are also several hot-pressing methods. Basically, they are all similar in that the crushed nuts are heated and then pressed. The oil yield in this case is greater, but its value decreases, since many substances are destroyed when heated. This oil is used in cooking. And finally, there is extraction. What it is? To extract oil, a substance is added to the seeds - a solvent (for example, it can be gasoline), and then the oil and this same solvent are separated. I think we can not talk about the "usefulness" for the health of the last product. So it makes sense to buy cedar nut oil only from well-known sellers, asking for documents about where and how it was produced. Naturally, cold-pressed oil will be the most expensive. The cake remaining after pressing the oil is used in cooking, in the confectionery industry.

Siberian cedar pine (Siberian cedar) naturally grows in Eastern and Western Siberia, Altai, the Urals and the northeast of the Russian Plain. One can think that once this tree was spread much further to the west, since there is a European cedar pine, a close relative of the Siberian, an inhabitant of the Carpathians. Perhaps during the last glaciation, which took place 25-12 thousand years ago, the area was cut by a glacier. Subsequently, developing in isolation, these plants gradually diverged in a number of characteristics, and two separate species arose.

Siberian cedar has long been successfully grown by foresters in many places in Russia. Such Siberian pine groves exist in the Arkhangelsk (near Koryazhma) and Vologda regions (near Veliky Ustyug, not far from Ustyuzhna). There are cedar plantings in the central and northwestern regions of Russia. There are cedar nurseries where this tree is grown. And in the park of Illarion Ivanovich Dudorov in the north of the Vologda region, cedar pines also grow. I think it makes great sense to maintain and spread this tradition. We can get (or rather, of course, not us, not even our children, but our great-grandchildren!) The most valuable forest species.

Larch stands out in this row - it has a much greater strength and beauty of texture, is practically unaffected by moisture. However, this material is expensive and not available to everyone. It should also be remembered that larch is a very durable and resinous material, and, therefore, the process of processing this type of wood is laborious and expensive.

LARCH- a coniferous tree that lives for about 600 years and reaches a height of 45 meters. This tree is 30% denser and stronger than pine, more resistant to dampness and damage to putrefactive fungi. A larch structure can last for two or three centuries. But entire houses made of larch were cut quite rarely because of the hardness of the wood - only a few lower rims were laid from larch logs.

Larch is a heartwood with relatively narrow sapwood (up to 20 annual layers). Late wood is dark brown in color. Due to the clearly visible rather wide annual layers and the straightness of the trunks, the wood in the radial section appears to be striped. Knots with a horizontal direction are scattered singly, randomly. The texture is interesting, looks good after processing. Larch can be in water for many centuries. After lying in water for a long time, it becomes very hard. That is why she went to the construction of bridges, breakwaters and piers. It was on larch piles that Montferrand, the founder, decided to erect St. Isaac's Cathedral on the swampy soils of St. Petersburg. An example of durability and strength are the larch piles on which Venice stands. Larch wood does not rot or turn blue.

The relative biological resistance (susceptibility to destruction by fungi and insects) of the larch kernel is twice that of the pine kernel. Sapwood, both larch and pine, refers to unstable wood. Larch is a natural antiseptic. Due to the peculiarity of the resin impregnating it, it is not attacked by insects - woodworms, and also allows it to be used without any chemical treatment in cases where other species are prone to rot. In particular, the relative biological resistance (susceptibility to destruction by fungi and insects) of larch wood is twice that of pine wood.

In terms of physical and mechanical properties, the durability of larch occupies an intermediate position between soft conifers, like pine, and hard deciduous ones, the most famous of which is oak. The fire resistance of larch wood is about twice that of pine. The volumetric heat capacity of larch wood is 30% higher than that of pine wood. This means that a deciduous house has a correspondingly greater amount of stored heat. This is manifested in the fact that during the heated period the temperature in the room is more evenly distributed throughout the day, and in the hot summer time there is a feeling of coolness.

In a house made of Siberian larch, the likelihood of migraines and neuroses associated with vascular spasms is reduced. Throughout its entire service life, larch evaporates natural phytoncides, which, entering the human respiratory tract, prevent colds and viral diseases. With hypertension, there are positive results in lowering blood pressure, accelerating the resorption of hemorrhages, increasing visual acuity, and normalizing metabolism. A comparative analysis of the physical and consumer properties of larch and pine wood shows that in terms of most of the main indicators, buildings and structures made of larch wood, including those built from rounded logs, are superior in quality to similar structures made of pine wood.

CEDAR, or PINE PINE, lives 200-300 years. Its trunk is straight, reaching a diameter of 1.8 m and a height of 40 m. The core cedar has the lightest and softest wood. The narrow kernel differs from the wide yellowish-white sapwood in a pinkish tint. Late wood is poorly developed and gradually transforms into early wood. Numerous resin passages in it are larger than in other conifers, the arrangement of knots is whorled, with a large number of individual shoots directed upwards. Resistant to decay and cracking. Easy to cut in all directions. Has a beautiful texture, easy to process.

Cedar belongs to the noble wood species due to its unique properties. That is why the population of the Urals and Siberia at all times preferred the Siberian cedar for decoration of dwellings. The amazing smell and healing effect of this wood species on the human body is unique. And, nevertheless, cedar as a wall material is not available for everyone who wants to build a wooden house for the same reasons as larch. Therefore, most people opt for pine and spruce.

PINE refers to coniferous wood species. Lives 400-600 years and in adulthood (120-150 years) reaches a height of 30-40 meters. Its trunk is straight, even, it is easy to plan and saw.

The tree has a core part of the trunk, which almost does not differ in color from the yellowish-white wide sapwood. During drying and storage, the kernel darkens and takes on a brownish-red hue. Early wood is lighter than late wood. The knots are located in the core at the ends of the annual increase in growth. The shoots are directed upwards at an acute angle to the axis of the trunk, therefore, in the section (on lumber) they have an oval shape. The resin passages are large and numerous. The wood is soft, easy to handle, does not crack when dry. Due to its beautiful color and clearly defined structure, it is widely used not only in the construction of houses, but also in the manufacture of joinery, in the manufacture of artistic carvings and turning items.

Depending on the degree of resinousness, two varieties of pine are distinguished - tar, which is highly tarred, and a dry chip, containing a minimum amount of resin. The dry chip was floated along the rivers, but the pitch was not, since it is heavy and can sink along the way.

The tar can lie at the bottom of the river for more than a dozen years. Therefore, they used it where it was very damp: when building piers, piers, bridges, parts of wooden ships. The carpenters tried to lay three or four crowns of tar in the frame first.

The dry chip is used for the manufacture of products that are not able to withstand heavy loads. It is easy to cut and planed, lends itself well to etching and staining.

SPRUCE in terms of prevalence it ranks second after pine. She lives up to 300 years and at a mature age (120-150 years) sometimes reaches a height of 50 meters. Its trunk is round and straight. The wood is light, soft, coreless, uniformly white with a slightly golden hue, capable of retaining its natural color for a long time. Late wood looks like a narrow light brown strip, which gradually turns into early wood. Spruce knots are whorled, almost at right angles to the trunk axis; because of this, they appear round in a tangential section.

The wood has a low resin content, it is resistant to cracking. Spruce wood is difficult to process due to the high hardness of the knots, but in some areas, huts were built entirely of spruce. It was believed that it was easy to breathe in such a hut, there was even a saying: "Elova's hut - the heart is healthy."

OAK lives on average 1000 years. The trunk diameter can exceed 2 m. The older the tree, the higher the quality of its wood. Our ancestors erected log-houses of wells from oak wood - the water in them did not "bloom", it was cold and clean. Oak piles were also driven into the river. In short, the oak is not subject to time - it does not rot in water, it is not affected by fungus, it is not spoiled by either the wind or the sun.

Historical information that has come down to us speaks about the value of wood. If a fine of 10 rubles was imposed for a reserved tree of any species under Peter the Great, then a woodcutter for an oak was subject to the death penalty. At the beginning of the 17th century, cutting oak was prohibited throughout Russia. The wood of the oak core is dead and filled with special poisonous substances - thils, which, as it were, preserve the wood, protecting it from rotting. The most valuable wood is closer to the core, it does not warp and cracks moderately.

The color of the kernel is from light to dark brown, the sapwood is yellowish brown. The sapwood is narrow - 8-10 annual layers. Small vessels in the late part of the annual layer are arranged in radial rows. The pith rays are highly developed and are clearly visible in all sections. The wood is very durable and difficult to cut. Prone to cracking. Bends well. Has a nice large texture. Easily stained, stains black. In the butt part of large trees, curliness is found. Combined with the radial cut, the texture of this oak board is very beautiful. It is brittle in cutting with a cutter, requires a hard and sharp tool and care, withstands coarse threads well. Small oak profiles are unimpressive.

For joinery, it is necessary to use oak aged 15-20 years. The end of the oak board is darker than the plate, this must be taken into account when choosing the type of connection that comes out on the face.

LINDEN- wood with wood of soft, uniform structure, white with a slight pink tint, having numerous heart-shaped rays, which in a radial section give the material a noticeable shine.

It has sufficient viscosity, it is equally easy to cut along and across the fibers, almost does not warp and does not crack, it is well colored and polished. Barns, baths were chopped from linden: barns because this wood was not affected by rodents, and baths keep warm well. Light and soft wood does not crack or warp during drying, it is easy and clean to cut. Linden is the main wood used for artwork.

In conclusion, it should be noted that you can use almost any kind of wood, if only the wood was healthy. HOWEVER, THERE ARE CERTAIN TRADITIONS OF WOODEN ARCHITECTURE, ACCORDING TO WHICH A BATH IS BETTER TO BUILD FROM LINDEN OR ASPEN, AND IF THERE ISN'T THIS POSSIBILITY, THEN THAT WOULD BE PRODUCED BY A DREAMYHOODY, THAT WOULD BE PRODUCED FROM A DREAM PINE, CEDAR OR LARCH.

How to distinguish a cedar log house from a pine log house?

Cedar, as a building material, has been known to mankind since ancient times. We can find references to this in the Bible. Today, this wood is used when building elite cedar houses, baths, country buildings, etc.

Benefits of cedar wood

Cedar compares favorably with all other types of wood, including conifers. Its clear advantages include:

• Durability. Cedar houses are surprisingly long. They easily endure the scorching sun and bitter frosts. Resistant to sudden changes in temperature and moisture.
• Aesthetic qualities. Cedar is an excellent building material created by nature itself. Its wood has a beautiful texture and rich color range, from light amber to dark chocolate color. A cedar log house is valued for its unusual attractive appearance.
• Environmental friendliness. Cedar wood, being a wonderful natural antiseptic, has a beneficial effect on health. The phytoncides secreted by cedar destroy pathogenic microbes and impart healing properties to the indoor air. The cedar aroma in the house lasts for many years.
• Air permeability and heat saving. The peculiarity of the walls built of cedar is that they "breathe". The air in such a room does not stagnate, and excess moisture is removed. I would also like to note that cedar has excellent thermal insulation properties. All this together creates a comfortable microclimate. It is pleasant to be in such a room.
• Practicality. Cedar is plastic, easy to process and at the same time has high strength. It is not subject to the decomposing effects of a humid atmosphere, and therefore resistant to the formation of mold, rot and fungi. Bark beetles avoid it.

What is the difference between cedar and pine?

Recently, due to the above properties, cedar houses are gaining more and more popularity. However, their cost can be 1.5 - 2 times higher than similar pine structures. And logs made of these materials, at first glance, are very similar, which is used by some unscrupulous suppliers, passing off pine wood as cedar.

To determine what the blockhouse is actually made of, you need to turn your attention to the smell. Cedar has a pronounced characteristic balsamic aroma, while pine has a weaker, unobtrusive spirit of needles. As for color, pine logs have a more yellowish tint of wood and darkens more slowly outdoors. Cedar logs can be identified by their pink core (core), which is pink in color, not like pine.

Cedar and pine are conifers. At first glance, they are very similar, but in reality this is not at all the case. In order to distinguish trees, one should know not only their external features. They also differ significantly in the specifics of growth.

How to distinguish a cedar from a pine? This is what a short story is presented in this article.

general information

Today the number is ten times higher than the number of cedar species. And it grows in larger spaces. In addition, the variability in size and generic characteristics of the pine is much more diverse.

It is less capricious to the soil, since its powerful and long roots go deep into the ground, and therefore the tree feeds on nutrients and moisture from the deep layers of the earth.

Growing places

Cedars grow in the subtropics of the mountainous Crimea, the Mediterranean and the Himalayas. Depending on the name of the area where they grow, they are divided into types: Himalayan, Crimean, Lebanese, etc.

Pines grow more in the temperate subtropical climate of North America and Eurasia. In total, scientists identify 200 varieties of this coniferous plant. Both cedar and pine are evergreen trees. Various natural conditions also create various forms of plants from a bush to trees with huge crowns.

Peculiarities

How do cedar and pine grow? Cedar is a monoecious evergreen plant, and the height of the tree with an impressive spreading crown can reach up to 50 meters. The needles, gathering in bunches, have a spiral arrangement. Each needle-like needle has a triangular shape and is painted in emerald-steel color. Cedar cones, single and barrel-shaped, stand on the shoots with candles. They ripen in the second or third year of formation.

Pine, which also has long or shortened needles. Two to five needles are also collected in a bunch. When damage appears on a tree, sockets are formed at this place, from which needles gradually grow. The color of the needles depends on the climate conditions and the composition of the soil. It can vary from deep green to light with a silvery tint. The pine cones are oblong and hang from the branches.

Wood

How is cedar different from pine when using their wood as a building material?

Materials from many coniferous wood species, due to their characteristics, are widely used in the construction of baths, houses, gazebos and other objects. The material is popular in interior decoration. But it should be noted that conifers are different and have differences in quality.

How to distinguish a cedar from a pine? How not to be mistaken in the choice of material for construction? The properties of the two breeds are similar in many ways, and yet there are some differences. Pine is prone to strong drying out, so it is not a very durable material. In addition, deep grooves appear after drying. Cedar in this regard is slightly different from pine, it also has other positive aspects, the main of which are the following: a beneficial effect on humans and preservation of the original appearance for a longer time.

A little about the benefits of pine cones

The benefits of pine cones should be noted. Absolutely all parts of the plant are used in folk medicine. Its fruits are especially beneficial.

Pine cones are a storehouse of a large number of nutrients. Young buds, rich in valuable biologically active compounds, are very useful. They are used in traditional medicine for the following purposes:

Finally

The main differences between cedar and pine:

• The plant is taller than the pine.
• It has a longer life span (up to about 800 years), in comparison with pine (up to 120 years).
• Flowering occurs later.
• Fewer grooves in the wood.
• Thermal conductivity is 30% less than that of pine, which is associated with higher porosity.

Currently, there are many types of lining on the market of finishing materials. Lining of various varieties of pine and cedar has become widespread. In this article, we will consider some of the features of Altai cedar lining, and also tell you how to distinguish it from materials made from other types of wood.

This lining is unique in its own way, since the Gorno-Altai cedar, from the wood of which it is made, grows exclusively in the Altai mountains, in no other regions of Russia, and in the world, it no longer grows. Untouched nature, special climatic and geophysical conditions in which these trees grow, give the wood special and unique properties. Residents of these places believe that these trees radiate positive energy, drive away evil spirits and strengthen human health. Scientific research confirms that Altai cedars have a whole set of distinctive features and are not in vain considered extraordinary and very valuable since ancient times.

According to the data obtained from the results of scientific research, the Altai cedars, in comparison with other Siberian cedars, have an almost 2 times higher density and higher strength indicators. In terms of the resistance of wood to decay, it surpasses not only such a popular material as pine, but is also identical to larch, which is recognized as almost the standard for this parameter.

Now let's move on to the question, what is the difference between the lining of the Altai cedar and how not to confuse it with materials from other types of wood.

First of all, you should pay attention to the color. It should have slightly pinkish shades, by the way, after a while your cedar lining will darken a little and acquire a reddish-pink color, which will give the interior nobility and make it more sophisticated.

The second characteristic feature is an indescribable aroma, you will not confuse it with anything, it is a rather strong and very pleasant coniferous smell with unique notes inherent only in this breed.

Lining from Canadian cedar, unlike our Altai, is darker, the color is close to brown or deep red, the smell from wood is hardly perceptible. The Far Eastern or Karelian cedar is slightly brown in color, as well as its Canadian counterpart, it does not have a strong aroma, so it is difficult to confuse these breeds with their Altai cousin if you are careful about the choice.

A separate question is how to distinguish the Altai cedar lining from pine? Everything is quite simple - cedar wood is much lighter, it has a smoother and more uniform texture. Despite the fact that pine also emanates a noticeable coniferous aroma, it is not as pleasant and strong as cedar. You should be familiar with the cedar smell if you ate pine nuts, and having felt it at least once, you cannot confuse it with anything. Also, pine wood contains a greater amount of resin, which not only worsens the appearance, but also makes this material unsuitable for decorating a steam room.

So, let's repeat the key distinguishing features of the lining from the Gorno-Altai cedar:

• Colour;
• texture;
• resinousness;
• smell.

The planting and cultivation of Siberian cedar has long been carried out in nurseries of the middle lane. Knowing the secrets of stratification, you can try to grow this tree on your site. You will learn from this material about how Siberian cedar bears fruit, how its seeds are used, and how to care for the plant.

Photo and description of Siberian cedar pine: wood, needles and seeds of Siberian cedar

First, read the photo and description of the Siberian cedar, and then find out about its characteristics.

Siberian pine , or Siberian cedar (P. Sibirica) - a tree up to 35 m tall. The crown is dense, pointed cone-shaped in youth, later wider. Branching is whorled. The upper branches are chandelier-shaped, raised upward. Short branches grow in close whorls. The root system is rod-type with outstretched lateral roots.

The bark of Siberian cedar wood is smooth, gray, later furrowed, gray-brown. Young shoots 6–7 mm thick, light brown, covered with dense red hairs. They are located whorled, short, outstretched. The buds are not resinous, 6-10 mm long, ovoid, have lanceolate light brown scales. The needles of Siberian cedar are dense, protruding, 6–13 cm long, 1–2 mm wide, dark green, with bluish stripes on the sides, collected in bunches of 5. Around the bunches there are scaly golden brown leaves that quickly fly around. The needles on the branches last up to 3 years. Cones are erect, light brown, 6–13 cm long, 5–8 cm wide, ovoid or elongated.

Male spikelets are usually located in the middle part of the crown, female cones - at the ends of the upper shoots of the tree, 2-3 at the apical bud. Ripen in the second year after flowering, within 14-15 months. Mature cones reach 6-13 cm in length and 5-8 cm in width, and have densely pressed scales with thickened scutes. Each cone contains from 30 to 150 nuts (cedar seeds). The seeds of the Siberian cedar are large, 10–14 mm long, 6–10 mm wide, without wings, and brown in color. When fully formed, the outer shell of the seed darkens, the cones dry out, their resin content decreases, and in August-September they fall from the tree. In a productive year, one large cedar can produce up to 1000-1500 cones.

As you can see in the photo, the Siberian cedar pine belongs to the number of species that are significantly different from our ordinary pine:

The darker needles of the cedar pine are much thicker and longer. In addition, they do not sit in two, like in a common pine, but usually five in each bunch (in a shortened shoot). In the common pine, the seeds are small, with large wings, in the cedar, the seeds are large, and the winglet, if it happens, is small, underdeveloped, not retaining on the seed.

In the Far East, an even closer species is found - the Manchurian cedar pine, which is distinguished by especially large cones and great growth.

The fourth, sharply distinguished species, found in Siberia on the mountains and in Kamchatka, is a low, creeping shrub that has adapted to the most severe climate.

For the first time a description of the Siberian cedar pine was given by the Tobolsk Metropolitan Cyprian in his work "Synodika", where he told how Novgorod merchants, in the 12th century, found themselves in Siberia, saw large trees with cones. Some of them had seen cedar cones before. So they called the unfamiliar tree cedar.

How Siberian cedar bears fruit and tree propagation

Only the upper part of the crown bears fruit at the Siberian cedar. Cedar pine cones are much larger and more massive. Unlike almost all other pines, these cones decay when ripe, like firs.

In nature, Siberian cedar pine reproduces by seeds distributed by nutcrackers, chipmunks, squirrels, sables and other animals that feed on pine nuts; in culture - mainly by seedlings and seedlings. Especially valuable forms are propagated by grafting. Seed production in Siberian cedar pine begins at the age of 30.

Also, reproduction at home is carried out by seeds. Seeds may not appear every year, and yields are relatively low.

The origin of Siberian cedar pine: where it grows and how long does the cedar live

The origin of the Siberian cedar pine is the borders of Russia, only the southern edge of the distribution area enters Mongolia and Kazakhstan. This forest species grows in about a third of the entire forest zone of our country. Cedar forests and forests with significant participation of cedar pine occupy 40.6 million hectares. They are widespread in the mountains and on the plains of the northeastern regions of European Russia (from the headwaters of the Vychegda River), almost throughout Western and Eastern Siberia. These forests are called dark coniferous taiga.

In the European part of Russia in the northeast, beyond the Urals - all of Siberia, Altai. In the Central Altai, the upper limit of cedar growth lies at an altitude of 1900-2000 m above sea level, and in the southern regions it rises to 2400 m. Siberian cedar also grows in Mongolia, Northern China and in the Sikhote-Alin mountains, where it is found along with Korean cedar (Pinus koraiensis).

To the west from the Urals it extends to the Timan ridge. Forms forests with Siberian fir, spruce, larch.

Where does Siberian cedar grow in the European part of Russia? The northern border of the distribution area runs along the line St. Petersburg - Kirovsk - Vologda. In the south, it grows in the Caucasus.

It is very easy to breathe in the cedar because of the smell of pine needles and aromatic oils that cedar wood gives off. This remarkable feature of the cedar forests was noticed by the ancient monks. Then the proverb arose: "In the spruce forest - to work, in the birch forest - to have fun, in the cedar forest - to pray to God." Monks brought cedars from Siberia to central Russia. And today they grow in Sergiev Posad, monasteries in Yaroslavl and Tver regions. They are on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin. How long does Siberian cedar live in the wild? These are long-lived trees. They live up to 800 or even 1000 years.

Characteristics of Siberian cedar, size and growth rate

Siberian cedar pine is a breed of sharply continental climate. The tree is moisture-loving, it is characterized by increased demand for both soil moisture and relative air humidity, especially in winter. This exactingness is due to the very large surface of the needles, therefore, in places with a dry climate, cedar cannot grow. The experience of creating cedar plantations in different forest growing conditions in Central Siberia has convincingly shown that its growth and high safety can be achieved only if care is carried out for 7–9 years.

One of the characteristics of the Siberian cedar is its high shade tolerance, but in mature age the tree grows and bears fruit better in conditions of sufficient lighting. Poorly tolerates air pollution from smoke and adult transplantation.

The growth rate of the Siberian cedar is slow, it grows throughout its life. Trees begin to give seeds for the first time from 25-30 years, if they grow free, and in plantations - not earlier than from 50 years.

For successful growth and seed production, it is not the climate that is important, but the soil conditions. Among conifers, Siberian cedar pine is the leader in smoke resistance, it can grow in urban conditions. Not demanding for light, grows well in the shade. Pine of this species can suffer from Hermes lesions.

The best time to plant Siberian cedars is in spring, before the shoots begin to grow. Seeds are sown before winter or in spring after stratification. Sometimes they are grafted onto a common pine.

It is very close to Siberian pine dwarf pine – Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel, which is often called dwarf cedar. Until recently, many botanists even considered dwarf cedar to be a kind of Siberian pine.

Cedar pine is found in Russia and Western Europe in several species. The most widespread of them is our Siberian "cedars", which are found partly to the west of the Urals. In old age, these are mighty giants up to 35 meters in height and more. The cedar pines, common in the mountains of Western Europe, belong to another species (Pinus cembra) - the European cedar pine; they are much smaller and reach a height of only 12 meters by the age of 100. The size of such Siberian cedars is more than 20 meters - it is already a rarity.

Use of Siberian cedar tree (with photo and video)

Siberian cedar pine , or Siberian cedar (R. sibirica) - is one of the most economically valuable tree species.

This is a very beautiful tree, suitable for single and group plantings. Seeds containing fatty oils are eaten.

Pay attention to the photo - the Siberian cedar tree is well processed, since its wood is light and soft, suitable for carpentry and finishing work, various crafts:

The shells of nuts are used as mulch.

High winter hardiness and excellent resistance to temperature fluctuations make this pine suitable for cultivation in country parks.

Siberian cedar- a real wood-combine, almost all of its parts are used by humans. The juice is used in medicine. Wood is used to make furniture, musical instruments and pencils. Bark tannins are used in the manufacture of leather goods. The needles are processed to obtain vitamin meal for animal husbandry.

In nature, the seeds of the Siberian cedar are distributed by nutcrackers, chipmunks, squirrels, sables and other animals that feed on pine nuts. Pine nuts are very nutritious, they contain 65 percent oil, rich in protein and vitamins.

Economically, cedar is one of the valuable tree species with a beautiful texture and therefore used for the manufacture of furniture, musical instruments, pencils. Cedar needles contain vitamin C and provitamin A, trace elements and essential oils are found in the kidneys.

Pine nut oil, which is obtained from the kernels of nuts, is the only complete substitute for olive oil in Russia.

Coniferous hedges are extremely decorative, improve the microclimate, attract forest animals and serve as wonderful corners of wildlife. The needles of the Siberian cedar tree have a high phytoncidity (the ability to disinfect the surrounding air) and emit a lot of valuable volatile organic substances into the environment. Staying in such conditions already in itself contributes to the preservation of health and longevity, and if you add to this the joy of contemplating the results of your own labor, then the psychoemotional factor will also contribute to the success of the treatment.

High-quality oil from Siberian cedar nuts is a thick transparent liquid of a pleasant golden straw color with a very weak, delicate nutty smell. It should be stored in a cool place without access to light, in a dark glass container with a narrow neck (for less contact with air). Natural antioxidants contained in cedar nut oil protect it from rancidity, but to increase the shelf life, it is advisable to follow the same rules as when storing all other vegetable oils. The sediment formed during the storage of unrefined oil is not harmful to health and consists of phospholipids, macro- and microelements useful for the body.

Watch the video "Siberian Cedar", which shows how these trees are used:

How to grow Siberian cedar pine from walnut and cedar care

Here you will learn how to grow Siberian cedar pine from walnuts and how to care for seedlings. To grow a cedar, you can take a ripe cone, put it on a sheet of paper in the room, the cone cracks under the influence of dry air in the room, and seeds fall out of it. These seeds are immediately planted in the same autumn on the site. You can grow pine sprouts in a school, but no more than two years, then they must be transplanted into place, or you can immediately plant them in place.

Before planting Siberian cedar seeds, they must be stratified (prolonged exposure to a cold and humid environment to stimulate germination). The stratification of Siberian cedar seeds is carried out for 3-5 months at a temperature of -4 to +3 ° C (in a glacier, a deep trench, a cold basement, in boxes under the snow or in an ordinary household refrigerator). To do this, they are pre-mixed with 2-3 times the volume of sterile substrate (sand, sawdust, peat, moss). When stratifying in a trench, ensure good drainage and protection from rodents. To create a stock of viable seeds of cedar pines, methods of long-term (up to 2.5 years) storage in deep trenches (2.5 m) can be used. In the latter, a constantly lowered temperature and humidity are provided. The germination capacity of the seeds of the Siberian cedar lasts up to 4 years. In the case of long-distance transportation, it is important not to allow drying out (below 8-10 percent humidity) or self-heating, which occurs when the moisture content of the seeds is over 20 percent and their storage under
elevated temperature.

To accelerate the emergence of seedlings and reduce losses from rodents during spring sowing, it is advisable to use poorly hatched seeds. 120-140 seeds are placed on 1 m of land at a depth of 3-4 cm. Seedlings are protected from birds by covering the soil surface with a layer of sawdust (3-4 cm). Seeds germinate in the year of sowing or the next (less often - in the 3rd year), after germination, young shoots should be shaded and watered. In general, the technology for growing cedar seedlings does not differ from that used for other conifers (shading, watering, protection from lodging, loosening, weeding). It is very convenient to grow conifer seedlings in special baskets, boxes or jars dug into the ground. Such seedlings are ready for transplantation at any time of the year. A young plant usually acquires a crown by the age of 5–7 years. At the age of 20-30, the dying off of the lower branches begins, and the crown of the cedar acquires an ovoid shape.

How to plant Siberian cedar: cultivation and soil for planting

An easier solution for planting and caring for Siberian cedar pine is to take a cedar seedling from a nursery or transplant it to your garden plot from the forest. In the latter case, it is not recommended to take trees that grow in shaded areas, as they are likely to die from sunburn and dry air. It is better to opt for cedars growing in open sunny glades or at the edge of the forest. The seedlings should be transported to the site with a lump of moist earth on the roots, having previously wrapped them in burlap. Under optimal growth conditions and with intensive agricultural technology, Siberian cedar plants reach a height of 3.5–5 m at the age of 15.

Does not tolerate cold soils (the northern and eastern boundaries of cedar growth coincide with the southwestern boundary of the distribution of permafrost soils). The soil for Siberian cedar is preferably drained, deep, light loamy and loamy.

It is recommended to plant cedar 4 m from each other and from other plants. It is necessary to plant as follows: take sphagnum moss (this is mandatory, and nothing can replace it, it grows in cranberry bogs), wrap 3-4 nuts with this sphagnum moss. Plant in a hole 7-10 cm deep, maximum 12 cm, and bury this hole. Moss will help retain moisture and protect against mice that will eat nuts if there is no moss available. The cedar can rise in the first year, or maybe in a year. A long single needle will appear.

In a year, that is, when he is about two years old, he can be transplanted; this should be done in early spring, in late April or early May. Again, the taproot does not need to be tied.

The cedar will start bearing fruit in 25–30 years, or it may not start bearing fruit at all. But don't be upset: cedar is a wonderful ornamental plant. He has five needles at once, and they are very long, somewhere around 15–20 cm. He is fluffy. You don't need to pinch it. It grows slowly, but looks exceptionally elegant and beautiful.

Cedar and pine are two trees that belong to the same Pine family. Despite the external similarity, both plants have a number of significant differences.

Definition

Cedar Is a genus of trees of the Pine family, which consists of only a few species.

Lebanese cedar

Pine Is a genus of trees of the Pine family, numbering about 120 species.

Scots pine
Siberian cedar pine

Comparison

Cedars are widespread within the subtropical climatic zone - the Mediterranean, the mountainous Crimea, the Himalayas. Therefore, there are only a few species of these plants - Lebanese, Himalayan and Atlas cedar.

Pine trees are common in temperate and subtropical climates in Eurasia and North America. Today there are about 200 species of pine trees on Earth. Pines are evergreens. Depending on living conditions, they look like large trees with a crown of different shapes, and miniature shrubs.

Cedar is a monoecious plant that grows up to 50 meters in height. The tree is evergreen with a characteristic, spreading crown. The needles are arranged spirally, collected in bundles of 30-40 pieces each. A single needle resembles a needle. It can be three-sided or four-sided, painted in a special emerald-steel color.

Pine is a monoecious plant with long or short needles. The bundle contains from two to five long needles, the number of which underlies the taxonomy of pines. In case of damage, rosettes form on the tree, from which short needles grow. The color of the green mass of pine depends on the climate and the quality of the soil, therefore it varies from light silver to intense green.

Cedar cones are located singly, "stick out" like candles, and have a special barrel-shaped shape. Such a cone ripens in the second or third year of its formation. This organ of seed incubation is characterized by the presence of numerous, spirally arranged scales, to which tiny ones are attached - only 15% of the total weight of the cones! - winged seeds. The embryo of the future cedar consists of 8-10 cotyledons. When a seed enters the ground, a sprout of a new cedar is able to grow - "hatch" in just 3 weeks.

Pine cones have a characteristic oblong shape, do not "stick out", but sadly hang from the branches. While the seed is ripening, the scales adhere very tightly, but when ripe they open, "releasing" the seeds. For each scale, there is a pair of winged or wingless seeds. A very small pine bud has 4 to 15 cotyledons. Germination time depends on the species and geographical location of the plant.

Due to the greater distribution and number of species, pine is more intensively used by humans.

Conclusions site

1. The number of pine species is ten times greater than the number of cedar species.
2. The distribution area of ​​pine is much wider than that of cedar.
3. The morphology and size of the pine is much more varied than that of the cedar.
4. There are more needles in a cedar bunch than in a pine bunch.
5. Pine trees are of great economic importance for mankind.