The average life expectancy in Russia. Life expectancy in Russia: History and Future The average life expectancy of the Russian population

The mortality rate of the population is directly related to such an important demographic indicator, as a lifespan, which is due to natural, socio-economic, socio-political, environmental, household factors, and also depends on the lifestyle of people and the effectiveness of the functioning of health institutions. Life expectancy - The number of years lived by a person from the date of birth before the day of death. The demographics distinguish the indicators of the real, probabilistic and expected average life expectancy.

The life expectancy of the population is calculated as the average number of years lived by residents of the country who died for a certain period, as a rule, for the year. Indicator real life expectancy of the population calculated on the basis of statistical data of the age structure of the population at the beginning of the year. However, demographers pay special attention to the concept of "probabilistic life expectancy", which in the XVII century. An English mathematician E. Gallem was introduced. He also calculated expected life expectancy people in different ages to determine the dependence of the insurance rent from the age of probabilistic life expectancy by man. To calculate the value of the expected life expectancy, special mortality tables are used, which are shown to what the middle age people who born in this calendar year can live, if throughout their life remain unchanged age-related mortality rates characteristic of their birth.

The first mortality tables were proposed by the Englishman J. Jounty. Currently in English they are called life Tables - Tables of life. Mortality Tables it is shown how the generation of people born in one year with an increase in their age gradually decreases as a result of the deaths. Mortality tables can be built at different age intervals (year, five or 10 years) for men and women, urban and rural population. Full mortality tables of the Russian population are calculated by Rosstat to age 10 (1 years. Mortality tables are the basis for calculating the reproduction indicators of the population, its aging and predictions of the population of the able-bodied age.

The magnitude of the life expectancy for different ages of men and women is not the same and decreases as their age increases. The positive difference between the indicators of the expected and real life expectancy of the population indicates a decrease in mortality and improving the living conditions of people. Reducing mortality and an increase in the real life expectancy of the population depend on the environmental condition of the environment, level and lifestyle of the people, the effectiveness of sanitary and medical services. According to scientists in the last 160 years, the real life expectancy is increased annually for three months. At the same time, people with higher education are higher than that have uneducated for about six years. In men with a high index 10, the life expectancy is higher, and in women, on the contrary.

The highest indicator of the real life expectancy in the USSR in men (64.9 years old) and in women (74.6 years old) was recorded in 1987. Some experts associate the growth of the average life expectancy of Soviet people in 1985-187. With the results of the anti-alcohol campaign in these years. However, since 1988, until 1994, the real life expectancy of the Russian population decreased sharply. In 1994, this figure for men was 57.6 years, and for women - 71.2. In 1998, Russia among 174 countries of the world in terms of the level of real life expectancy of men occupied the 114th, and women - 76th place.

Over the next years there has been a tendency to increase the real life expectancy of Russians. So, in 1998, this figure for men was equal to 61.3 years, for women - 72.9. However, in 2000, a decrease in the real life expectancy of Russians was again recorded: men-and 59 years old, in women - up to 72.2. At the beginning of the XXI century. The highest rates of real life expectancy in Russia were established in Moscow and the republics of the North Caucasus, and the lowest - in the Republic of Tyva (men - 51 years old, in women -66). In 2003, a decline in the real life expectancy of Russians was recorded again: in men - up to 58.8 years old, in women - up to 72. According to the UN, in 2004, Russia in terms of the real life expectancy of men occupied the 119th, and Women - 85th place among 175 countries of the world. Indicators of the real life expectancy of men and women in different countries in 2013 are presented in Table. 8.5.

Table 8.5. Indicators of the real life expectancy of people in the world, years

Over the years in Russia, there was the world's largest gap between the life of men and women.

So, in 1997, for the entire population of the planet, this gap was 4.2 years in favor of women, and in Russia was 12.22. The minimum gap in the life expectancy of men and women is 0.1 years - takes place in Bangladesh. Excess the life expectancy of men over the life expectancy of women is observed in Nepal. Today, life expectancy in Russia is less than in economically developed countries: men - on average for 10-15 years, in women - by 6-8.

In 2013, the life expectancy of men in Russia reached 66.1 years against 58.6 years in 2003; The life expectancy of women increased to 73.1 years ago against 71.8 years in 2003. The increase compared with 2003 amounted to 5.8 years for men and 4.3 years for women. As a result, the difference in life expectancy between men and women declined to 11.8 years (in 2003 it was 13.3 years, and in 1994 - 13.7 years). However, such a difference in the life expectancy of men and women compared to most countries of the world is still very significant. Despite the continued growth of the expected life expectancy of men in Russia, its significance in 2013 remained lower than in the mid-1960s and 1980s.

According to the Russian Minister of Health V. I. Skvortsova, in 2014 the average life expectancy in Russia "has increased almost a year and amounted to 71.6 years" (arguments and facts. 2014. No. 46). According to statistical data in Russia, the largest life expectancy in 2014 was noted in the Republic of Ingushetia - 78 years, in Moscow - 76, in the Republic of Dagestan - 75, in St. Petersburg, in the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia - 74 years, in the Chechen Republic - 73, in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District - 72 years. The longest average life expectancy was recorded in the Republic of Tyva - 61 years old, in Chukotka - 62, in the Jewish Autonomous Region - 64, in the Nenets Autonomous District - 65 years.

In 1990, the UN published a "human development report", in which a special social and demographic indicator was proposed - human development index, which is calculated on the basis of three dimensions: expected lifetime, achieved level of education and standard of living. According to the calculations, the human potential development index in the United States is 0.91 (4th place in the world), in Russia - 0.75 (66th place in the world).

Life expectancy at birth in the regions of Russia (expected) for 2015 (NNU.2019)

The list of regions of Russia for life expectancy is presented: both sexes, men and women for 2015.
The largest life expectancy in Russia at birth on both floors in the Republic of Ingushetia is 80.05 years, then the city of Moscow - 76.77 years and the Republic of Dagestan - 76.39 years. Source: Rosstat.
Among men in Russia, the largest life expectancy at birth in the Republic of Ingushetia - 76,51 years, then the Republic of Dagestan - 73.18 years (+1 position compared to last year) and the city of Moscow - 72.96 (-1 position on compared with last year).
Among women, the leader in life expectancy (expected) Republic of Ingushetia - 83.02 years, then the city of Moscow 80.36 and the Republic of Dagestan 79.47.

In general, in Russia, life expectancy (expected) is71.39 years old, in men65.92 and in women76.71 years.

The difference between men and women (in Russia as a whole): 10.79 years old, that is, on average (according to the estimated data on the life expectancy) women live longer menin Russia for 10.79

Minimum difference B. Chechen Republic -6.09, in Republic of Ingushetia - 6.51 and Republic of Dagestan -6.51

Maximum difference in life expectancy between women and men inOryol region - 12.87 years old.

Among the federal districts leadingNorth CaucasianFederal District with indicator 74.63 years on both floors.

Operational Information on 2019
New dated 10/16/2019: According to the media (according to: "For eight months of this year, an increase in life expectancy up to 73.6 years is registered on average - by 0.7 years compared with the 2018 indicator. In women, the average life expectation exceeded 78.5 years. This happened due to additional preservation of 34 thousand. Lives. The total mortality rate of 1 thousand people decreased by 3.1% compared with the same indicator of 2018. "

New dated 09/04/2019:According to the media (according toheads of the Ministry of Health of Veronica Skvortsova): " In Russia, life expectancy in women has grown to 78.5 years in the seven months of 2019, men - up to 68.5 years. "Withthe scope of the life expectancy of Russians exceeds world performance. "" To live longer and remain healthy, you need to deal with the prevention of diseases. "

Operational information in 2018
New dated 04/24/2019:According to the media (according toheads of the Ministry of Health of Veronica Skvortsova)"In 2018, life expectancy in Russia reached its historical maximum, an increase in men - for 0.3 years, in women - for 0.2 years and amounted to an average of 72.9 years," the minister said.

Operational information on 2017
According to the media of 04/12/2018: According to the report of the Ministry of Health "The life expectancy of 2017 in Russia increased to 72.7 years, and mortality in the country decreased. "In 2017, the life expectancy was 72.7 years (an increase of 0.83, compared with 2016 - 71.87)." "Life expectancy touched men and women. Men: 67,51 years old (growth for 1.01 years compared with 2016), women: 77.64 years (growth of 0.58 years compared with 2016) ".

According to the media from 07.12.2017: according tominister of Health of Russia:"For incomplete 2017, the life expectancy of Russians has reached the national historical [maximum] of 72.6 years. At the same time, since 2005, life expectancy in the Russian Federation increased by an average of 7.2 years. In men for 8.6 years, women - women - for five years. "

Life expectancy in Russia and the countries of the world on this . Summary table for 2014, see .

Table expected life expectancy for 2015

№	Subject of Russia	Both sex ↓	Men	Women	F - M.
1	The Republic of Ingushetia	80,05	76,51	83,02	6,51
2	moscow	76,77	72,96	80,36	7,40
3	The Republic of Dagestan	76,39	73,18	79,47	6,29
	North Caucasian FO	74,63	70,42	78,55	8,13
4	Kabardino-Balkar Rep.	74,61	69,82	79,10	9,28
5	Karachay-Circassian rep.	74,44	69,94	78,66	8,72
6	saint Petersburg	74,42	69,83	78,38	8,55
7	Rep. North Ossetia Alania	74,20	68,62	79,42	10,80
8	Chechen Republic	73,45	70,35	76,44	6,09
9	Stavropol region	73,36	68,61	77,82	9,21
10	Republic of Tatarstan	72,81	67,05	78,38	11,33
	Central Fo	72,72	67,49	77,71	10,22
11	Belgorod region	72,61	67,33	77,73	10,40
12	Khanty-Mansiysky AO-Ugra	72,58	67,57	77,47	9,90
13	Krasnodar region	72,53	67,55	77,35	9,80
14	Moscow region	72,26	67,05	77,12	10,07
15	Republic of Adygea	72,22	66,88	77,51	10,63
16	Republic of Kalmykia	72,15	67,01	77,31	10,30
	Southern FD (since 2010)	72,13	67,05	77,06	10,01
17	Penza region	72,12	66,47	77,58	11,11
18	The Republic of Mordovia	72,06	66,49	77,54	11,05
19	Volgograd region	71,98	66,68	77,13	10,45
20	Rostov region	71,90	66,90	76,73	9,83
21	Tyumen region	71,76	66,47	77,01	10,54
22	Yamalo-Nenetsky Autobogo	71,70	66,90	76,37	9,47
	Northwest FO	71,70	66,28	76,83	10,55
23	Voronezh region	71,67	65,66	77,70	12,04
24	Tambov Region	71,67	65,90	77,51	11,61
25	Ryazan Oblast	71,46	65,72	77,08	11,36
26	Saratov region	71,40	65,83	76,78	10,95
	Russian Federation	71,39	65,92	76,71	10,79
27	Astrakhan Oblast	71,36	66,10	76,58	10,48
28	Chuvash Republic	71,35	65,53	77,24	11,71
29	Tomsk Oblast	71,25	65,94	76,46	10,52
30	Leningrad region	71,23	65,84	76,60	10,76
31	Kirov region	71,11	65,20	77,09	11,89
32	Lipetsk region.	71,07	65,26	76,77	11,51
33	Nenets autobrog	71,00	65,22	76,90	11,68
34	Yaroslavl region	70,98	64,95	76,69	11,74
35	Novosibirsk region	70,86	65,08	76,60	11,52
36	Kursk Oblast	70,80	64,81	76,78	11,97
37	Kaluga region	70,73	65,13	76,28	11,15
38	Arkhangelsk region	70,71	64,85	76,60	11,75
	Volga Fo	70,71	64,83	76,55	11,72
39	Ivanovo region	70,62	64,71	76,14	11,43
40	Kaliningrad region	70,58	65,50	75,40	9,90
41	Ulyanovsk region	70,46	64,50	76,45	11,95
42	Udmurtia	70,46	64,24	76,64	12,40
43	Altai region	70,44	64,97	75,84	10,87
44	Omsk Oblast	70,41	64,56	76,17	11,61
45	Vologodskaya Oblast	70,40	64,38	76,47	12,09
46	Kostroma region	70,38	64,94	75,68	10,74
47	Oryol Region	70,38	63,96	76,83	12,87
	Ural Fo	70,38	64,55	76,15	11,60
48	Bryansk region.	70,36	64,32	76,37	12,05
49	Samara Region	70,35	64,34	76,28	11,94
50	The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)	70,29	64,94	75,84	10,90
51	Murmansk region	70,24	64,48	75,72	11,24
52	Nizhny Novgorod Region	70,17	64,05	76,14	12,09
53	Republic of Bashkortostan	70,08	64,31	76,03	11,72
54	Tula region	70,06	64,01	76,01	12,00
55	Chelyabinsk region	69,90	63,94	75,75	11,81
56	Sverdlovsk region	69,83	63,75	75,83	12,08
57	Vladimir region	69,82	63,86	75,59	11,73
58	Mari El Republic	69,80	63,52	76,36	12,84
59	Smolensk region	69,74	64,08	75,34	11,26
60	Krasnoyarsk region	69,69	64,01	75,34	11,33
61	Orenburg region	69,63	63,87	75,47	11,60
62	Komi Republic	69,40	63,26	75,66	12,40
	Siberian FO	69,31	63,59	75,02	11,43
63	Primorsky Krai	69,21	64,04	74,58	10,54
64	Republic of Karelia	69,16	62,86	75,50	12,64
65	The Republic of Buryatia	69,15	63,73	74,54	10,81
66	Tver region	69,10	63,33	74,85	11,52
67	Perm region	69,09	63,08	75,09	12,01
68	Kurgan region	69,03	62,82	75,51	12,69
69	Khabarovsk region	68,72	63,21	74,36	11,15
70	Novgorod region	68,70	62,47	74,93	12,46
71	The Republic of Khakassia	68,68	63,40	73,83	10,43
	Far Eastern FD	68,68	63,28	74,35	11,07
72	Kamchatka Krai	68,56	63,26	74,41	11,15
73	Pskov region	68,48	62,78	74,27	11,49
74	Altai Republic	68,44	62,82	74,19	11,37
75	Kemerovo Region	68,31	62,32	74,32	12,00
76	Magadan Region	68,11	63,17	73,42	10,25
77	Sakhalin Oblast	67,99	62,35	74,07	11,72
78	Irkutsk region	67,37	61,31	73,48	12,17
79	Transbaikal region	67,34	61,92	73,03	11,11
80	Amur region	67,27	61,64	73,26	11,62
81	Jewish auth. region	65,04	59,12	71,47	12,35
82	Chukotsky autobrog	64,16	59,35	69,69	10,34
83	Tyva Republic	63,13	58,05	68,29	10,24

Each country consists of a certain number of long-livers and the overwhelming majority of people dying around the same age limits. Statistical indicators regarding the life expectancy of residents in different countries of the world can respond to many questions and understand what needs to be taken to increase these indicators. All people seek to live long, and no one wants to die ahead of time.

Life expectancy statistics

Every year the average life expectancy of Russians and representatives of other countries is changing, therefore is not a constant value. This is due to factors affecting the statistical indicators.

It is important to live not as long as possible, but happily as much as possible!

The maximum life expectancy of a person is determined. According to statistics, the maximum limit of human age is currently 125 years old.

Statistics carried out every year reveals not only the factors that influence the overall life rate of people. It also shows the level of social development of countries in the world. Using data analysis, the average life expectancy is found. This allows you to build ways to increase the age of the population.

Factors affecting statistics:

• child mortality;
• conditions for the lives of classically scattered countries;
• infectious diseases;
• military conflicts;
• hunger;
• level of violence;
• state of medicine;
• ecology;
• epidemics;
• biological processes of aging population at the cellular level.

How many people live in Russia?

For 2016, the average life expectancy in Russia equals 72.1 years. Women can live to 77.3 years, on averaged statistical data. Men live up to 67 years.

Table. Dynamics of life expectancy in Russia.

	Total			Urban population			Rural population
Years	Total	Husband.	Wives.	Total	Husband.	Wives.	Total	Husband.	Wives.
1896-1897	30,5	29,4	31,6	29,7	27,6	32,2	30,6	29,6	31,6
1926-1927	42,9	40,2	45,6	43,9	40,3	47,5	42,8	40,3	45,3
1961-1962	68,7	63,7	72,3	68,6	63,8	72,4	68,6	63,4	72,3
1970-1971	68,9	63,2	73,5	68,5	63,7	73,4	68,1	61,7	73,3
1980-1981	67,6	61,5	73	68	62,3	73,1	66	59,3	72,4
1990	69,1	63,7	74,3	69,5	64,3	74,3	67,9	62	73,9
1995	64,5	58,1	71,5	64,7	58,3	71,6	63,9	57,6	71,4
2000	65,3	59	72,2	65,6	59,3	72,4	64,3	58,1	71,6
2001	65,2	58,9	72,1	65,5	59,2	72,3	64,2	58	71,5
2002	64,9	58,6	71,9	65,4	59	72,1	63,6	57,5	71
2003	64,8	58,5	71,8	65,3	59	72,2	63,3	57,2	70,8
2004	65,3	58,9	72,3	65,8	59,4	72,7	63,7	57,5	71,2
2005	65,3	58,9	72,4	66,1	59,5	72,9	63,4	57,2	71
2006	66,6	60,4	73,3	67,4	61,1	73,8	64,7	58,6	71,8
2007	67,6	61,4	74	68,3	62,2	74,5	65,5	59,5	72,5
2008	67,9	61,9	74,2	68,7	62,6	74,8	65,9	60	72,7
2009	68,7	62,8	74,7	69,5	63,6	75,3	66,6	60,8	73,2
2010	68,9	63	74,8	69,6	63,8	75,3	66,9	61,1	73,4
2011	69,8	64	75,6	70,5	64,6	76,1	67,9	62,4	74,2
2012	70,2	64,5	75,8	70,8	65,1	76,2	68,6	63,1	74,6
2013	70,8	65,1	76,3	71,3	65,6	76,7	69,2	63,8	75,1
2014	70,9	65,3	76,5	71,5	65,8	76,9	69,4	63,9	75,3

Data: CBSD.GKS.ru.

The increase in the average life expectancy of Russians was influenced by various factors. The level of medical care has increased. More and more Russian people began to be taken from dangerous diseases. The use of new generation antibiotics led to a decrease in overall mortality from hazardous diseases or their consequences. The development of society improvement programs, the upbringing of the sports spirit and the interest of people in a healthy lifestyle, had a significant positive effect.

The average life expectancy in Russia from 1961 to 2015.

Today, the Russian Federation overtook Nepal, Uzbekistan, Bhutan and Laos. But, this fact is difficult to call positive, since earlier Russia stood in 88th place, and today it is located on the 129th among countries with the maximum life expectancy.

Such a fall in positions is associated with a growing number of people sick. Also, the decline in the economy increased the number of poor Russians. It is not available for elementary medical care. They are forced to eat low-quality food. The economic crisis has reduced not only the subsistence minimum, but led to a reduction in pension assistance. It catastrophically affected the elderly population. The lack of money led to an increase in the number of people attached to alcohol.

Situation in the regions of Russia

Optimistic indicators, however, do not disclose an objective picture by region. So what is she? In the Pskov region, people live for about 66 years. This figure is very far from the general statistical. There is a tendency to reduce the life of people living in rural areas, villages, as well as small cities. This is due to a decrease in sponsoring medicine of these parts of the country. The economic crisis and corruption led to a significant reduction in the financial support of hospitals and clinics, a reduction in hospital beds. Also, the prices for vital medicines continue to grow steadily. All this leads to a decrease in life.

Everything is simple: the poorest the region, the less old people live in the city.

However, the regions, where, in view of the climate, summer is much longer and warmer, show the best results. This is associated with the possibility of people to get vitamins from grown on their beds, vegetables. Mountain and sea air allow longer to keep health.

Table. Life expectancy at birth in the regions of Russia (2016 data).

№	Subject of Russia	Both	Men	Women
1	The Republic of Ingushetia	79,42	76,35	81,99
2	moscow	76,7	72,77	80,38
3	The Republic of Dagestan	75,83	72,56	78,95
4	saint Petersburg	74,57	69,83	78,68
5	Kabardino-Balkar Rep.	74,16	69,36	78,69
	North Caucasian FO	74,11	69,86	78,1
6	Karachay-Circassian rep.	73,91	69,04	78,47
7	Republic of North Ossetia	73,82	68,76	78,48
	-Alaney
8	Chechen Republic	73,06	70,01	75,99
9	Stavropol region	72,75	67,85	77,42
10	Krasnodar region	72,28	67,2	77,23
11	Khanty-Mansiysky AO-Ugra	72,27	67,32	77,13
12	Belgorod region	72,25	66,9	77,48
13	Republic of Tatarstan	72,17	66,39	77,83
	Central Fo	72,1	66,58	77,45
14	Republic of Kalmykia	72,03	67,01	77,03
15	Republic of Adygea	72,01	66,85	77,06
16	Yamalo-Nenetsky Autobogo	71,92	67,02	76,86
	Southern Fo	71,74	66,54	76,83
17	Penza region	71,63	65,67	77,51
18	Volgograd region	71,62	66,11	77,04
19	Tyumen region	71,5	66,14	76,84
	Northwest FO	71,42	65,86	76,73
20	The Republic of Mordovia	71,38	65,2	77,66
21	Rostov region	71,3	66,13	76,37
22	Tambov Region	71,11	65,3	77,03
23	Saratov region	70,95	65,26	76,48
24	Moscow region	70,94	65,31	76,39
	Russian Federation	70,93	65,29	76,47
25	Voronezh region	70,82	64,67	77,12
26	Ryazan Oblast	70,8	64,79	76,78
27	Astrakhan Oblast	70,76	65,53	75,97
28	Tomsk Oblast	70,67	64,94	76,5
29	Nenets autobrog	70,65	64,72	76,21
30	Yaroslavl region	70,64	64,15	76,92
31	Chuvash Republic	70,62	64,46	77,02
32	Lipetsk region.	70,6	64,5	76,68
33	Kirov region	70,59	64,44	76,89
34	Ulyanovsk region	70,37	64,52	76,2
35	Kaliningrad region	70,28	64,82	75,58
36	Leningrad region	70,28	64,78	75,87
37	Novosibirsk region	70,28	64,41	76,17
38	Arkhangelsk region	70,23	64,19	76,34
	Volga Fed FO	70,2	64,17	76,26
	Ural Fed FO	70,2	64,3	76,04
39	Omsk Oblast	70,13	64,1	76,13
40	Kursk Oblast	70,11	63,79	76,56
41	Kostroma region	70,05	64,1	76
42	Udmurtia	70,03	63,55	76,52
43	Altai region	70,01	64,33	75,72
44	Murmansk region	69,97	64,02	75,72
45	Kaluga region	69,93	63,42	76,76
46	Ivanovo region	69,88	63,76	75,71
47	Oryol Region	69,88	63,32	76,56
48	The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)	69,81	64,34	75,5
49	Sverdlovsk region	69,76	63,71	75,68
50	Republic of Bashkortostan	69,76	63,79	75,99
51	Vologodskaya Oblast	69,74	63,66	75,93
52	Chelyabinsk region	69,71	63,59	75,76
53	Samara Region	69,63	63,35	75,93
54	Tula region	69,63	63,6	75,57
55	Nizhny Novgorod Region	69,53	63,3	75,69
56	Smolensk region	69,44	63,36	75,62
57	Bryansk region.	69,42	63,04	75,99
58	Mari El Republic	69,42	62,87	76,39
59	Republic of Karelia	69,36	62,99	75,69
60	Vladimir region	69,25	62,9	75,58
61	Krasnoyarsk region	69,23	63,6	74,83
62	Komi Republic	69,05	63,05	75,12
63	Perm region	69,04	63,14	74,84
	Siberian Fed FO	68,85	62,95	74,83
64	The Republic of Khakassia	68,83	63,02	74,66
65	Kurgan region	68,75	62,54	75,2
66	Primorsky Krai	68,74	63,39	74,35
67	Orenburg region	68,73	62,78	74,87
68	The Republic of Buryatia	68,54	62,72	74,51
69	Tver region	68,43	62,33	74,7
70	Novgorod region	68,41	62,29	74,49
	Far Eastern FD	68,21	62,68	74,05
71	Pskov region	68,07	62,13	74,21
72	Kamchatka Krai	68,06	62,82	73,88
73	Khabarovsk region	68,01	62,24	73,99
74	Sakhalin Oblast	67,89	62,21	74,1
75	Kemerovo Region	67,8	61,64	74,06
76	Altai Republic	67,76	61,88	73,86
77	Transbaikal region	67,38	61,68	73,41
78	Magadan Region	67,19	61,62	73,25
79	Amur region	67	61,32	73,04
80	Irkutsk region	66,87	60,53	73,36
81	Jewish autonomous region	65,2	59,49	71,35
82	Chukotsky autobrog	62,32	58,84	66,62
83	Tyva Republic	61,79	56,63	67,22

Data: CBSD.GKS.ru.

Cooking alcoholism among residents of rural settlements significantly increases mortality at an early age. Reducing prices for alcohol and their increase in food provoke rural residents to join alcohol. For some alcohol it turns out cheaper food. Family alcoholism is growing, the health of society is reduced. The impossibility of timely treatment leads to premature deaths.

Statistics of the length of life in the world

In the world, life expectancy is due to all the same factors as in Russia. It is noticeable that in developed countries the maximum age of people increases, refuting the concept of aging nation as such. The best indicators show Hong Kong and Japan. There people live up to 84 years. Singapore shows 83 years. European countries such as Italy, Switzerland, Spain and France are shown 83-82 years. Australia, Iceland, Israel, Sweden and Canada have about the same numbers. This is associated with high medicine technologies, a total lifestyle culture, climate, nutrition and emotional satisfaction of residents of these countries.

Worldwide, you can find the best rates of longevity than in Russia. And this is not paradoxically.

At the end of the planet, the countries of South Africa are located. In Swaziland, people hardly live up to 49 years.

How was in the 18-19 centuries?

In the Middle Ages, a person lived up to 30 years, and it was the norm. Medicine only began to develop at least somehow. Russians lived longer than all. Women lived up to 30 years, and men under 21. Residents of Scandinavia in the 19th century died in 22 years.

In the 18-19th centuries, our ancestors hardly lived up to 30 years, given it, now everything is not so bad.

A lot of deaths were among children. Many of them did not live up to five years, the babies were often dying. Then there were no obstetrics, and the guys were engaged in the feminine. Some women and this could not afford. Mid 18-19 centuries. Today it seems dark time. People died of influenza epidemics, intestinal infections, ordinary colds. All medicine in the Middle Ages, in a large account, relied on folk treatments.

How to improve the indicators?

Humanity is constantly wondering how to increase the life expectancy, inheritance of the theory of aging people. This can be done by improving the economic situation. Also raising the level of education, education of personal responsibility for life and health, improved food quality, active lifestyle, improving the overall emotional background and programming people on longevity. Get your health right now. Perhaps these medicines from old age will be able to help you.

Conclusion

Average lifetime indicators of people are statistics that can give answers to many questions about how to increase these indicators. It helps to understand that there is not enough people to live longer, which must be adjusted.

To analyze the standard of living in a particular country, you need to pay attention to several factors, one of which is the life expectancy of a person. What is life expectancy in Russia in 2019-2020? Despite the fact that in the last 10 years there has been a positive dynamics, it is impossible to talk about a large SPJ in the Russian Federation.

In order to get such an indicator, you need to collect these citizens of deceased citizens. After that, their total quantity must be divided into full-length years. Thus, the indicator is averaged.

It is worth noting that such calculations for men and for women are conducted equally, but indicators, at the same time, can be varied.

Those intermediate values \u200b\u200bobtained by arithmetic operations are the base for other calculations. It turns out that the calculation of such an indicator occurs stepwise.

In Russia, such a technique is used for more than 10 years. It covers all age groups whose age is in the range from 0 to 110 years.

What is the average life expectancy in the regions of the Russian Federation

The average duration of residence in the Russian Federation has recently increased significantly, up to 73.6 years in 2019.
Analysis of statistical data relating to demographic indicators in Russia is engaged.
The highest life duration of people in Russia in 2019 has the regions below submitted in the table.

The average life expectancy in the regions of the Russian Federation in 2016

Table: Regions of the Russian Federation with the highest life lifespan

Name of region.	Life expectancy	Population size
Ingushetia	80,05	497 393
Moscow	76,77	12 615 882
Dagestan	76,39	3 086 126
Kabardino-Balkaria	74,61	866 219
Karachay-Cherkessia	74,44	466 305
St. Petersburg	74,42	5 383 968
North Ossetia	74,20	699253
Chechnya	73,45	1 436 981
Stavropol region	73,36	2 795 243
Tatarstan	72.81 years old	3 898 628

Life expectancy in the USSR and Russia by year

The average life expectancy in Russia was different in Russia.

Interesting Facts

1. At the turn of the 19th and 20th century, it was 32 years. Although in the same time period, in Europe the situation was not much better. The whole thing in wars and epidemics. People did not survive up to 40 years due to the abdominal typhoid, Spaniards and other diseases.
2. Record SPZH in Russia was recorded in 2015. The indicator reached 71 (averaged indicator). This exceeded the vital duration of the population of the Soviet Union. The life expectancy of women in 2015 was 76.7 years, and men - 65.6.
3. In 2017, according to Rosstat, it was 72.7 years. In 2018, this figure even increased according to Rosstat to 72.9.
4. In 2020, she again officially increased and is 73.6 years.

Dynamics of life expectancy in the Russian Federation from the 20th century

At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia has become a participant in World War and Revolution. Many people died, but even despite this, every year the life expectancy of Russians increased.

Thanks to the development of medicine, mortality of citizens decreased significantly.
The latest indicators have become similar European at that time. Thus, the table given above suggests that since the 1950s, the SPZh of the Russian man has increased almost 2.5 times. The life expectancy of men in Russia has always been lower.

This led to the fact that the conditions for the leisure of the population improved. Also positive changes have come in the field of work. Improved working conditions, production.

The economic crisis of the 1990s was strongly reflected in the fertility factor. Experts say that in addition to the crisis, such a situation can be explained by reforms of restructuring. During this period, child mortality has increased significantly. The cause of this was the collapse of the health system.

The growth of the population could be fixed after 1997. Experts believe that this has become possible due to the addictive of the population to new living conditions. Interesting fact: during this period, the SPZH men compared to the SPZH women decreased by 13 years. Only by 2006 in the Russian Federation began to appear male pensioners.

After 2015, the demographic situation has changed: the standard of living has increased significantly, the mortality rate has decreased, the health system has improved, the birth rate has increased.

In 2019, SPZh in the Russian Federation reached 73.6 years.

Table: Dynamics of the expected lifespan at birth in Russia

Years	All population			Urban population			Rural population
	total	men	women	total	men	women	total	men	women
1896-1897	30,54	29,43	31,69	29,77	27,62	32,24	30,63	29,66	31,66
(50 provinces of European Russia)
1926-1927	42,93	40,23	45,61	43,92	40,37	47,50	42,86	40,39	45,30
(according to the European part of the RSFSR)
1961-1962	68,75	63,78	72,38	68,69	63,86	72,48	68,62	63,40	72,33
1970-1971	68,93	63,21	73,55	68,51	63,76	73,47	68,13	61,78	73,39
1980-1981	67,61	61,53	73,09	68,09	62,39	73,18	66,02	59,30	72,47
1990	69,19	63,73	74,30	69,55	64,31	74,34	67,97	62,03	73,95
1995	64,52	58,12	71,59	64,70	58,30	71,64	63,99	57,64	71,40
2000	65,34	59,03	72,26	65,69	59,35	72,46	64,34	58,14	71,66
2001	65,23	58,92	72,17	65,57	59,23	72,37	64,25	58,07	71,57
2002	64,95	58,68	71,90	65,40	59,09	72,18	63,68	57,54	71,09
2003	64,84	58,53	71,85	65,36	59,01	72,20	63,34	57,20	70,81
2004	65,31	58,91	72,36	65,87	59,42	72,73	63,77	57,56	71,27
2005	65,37	58,92	72,47	66,10	59,58	72,99	63,45	57,22	71,06
2006	66,69	60,43	73,34	67,43	61,12	73,88	64,74	58,69	71,86
2007	67,61	61,46	74,02	68,37	62,20	74,54	65,59	59,57	72,56
2008	67,99	61,92	74,28	68,77	62,67	74,83	65,93	60,00	72,77
2009	68,78	62,87	74,79	69,57	63,65	75,34	66,67	60,86	73,27
2010	68,94	63,09	74,88	69,69	63,82	75,39	66,92	61,19	73,42
2011	69,83	64,04	75,61	70,51	64,67	76,10	67,99	62,40	74,21
2012	70,24	64,56	75,86	70,83	65,10	76,27	68,61	63,12	74,66
2013	70,76	65,13	76,30	71,33	65,64	76,70	69,18	63,75	75,13
2014	70,93	65,29	76,47	71,44	65,75	76,83	69,49	64,07	75,43
2015	71,39	65,92	76,71	71,91	66,38	77,09	69,90	64,67	75,59
2016	71,87	66,50	77,06	72,35	66,91	77,38	70,50	65,36	76,07
2017	72,70	67,51	77,64	73,16	67,90	77,96	71,38	66,43	76,66
2018	72,91	67,75	77,82	73,34	68,11	78,09	71,67	66,75	76,93
2019	73,7	68.9	78,5	—	—	—	—	—	—

SPG in cities and villages

In small settlements of Russia, the level of medical care remains low. Moreover, in some of them, medical care is not at all. This leads to a high mortality rate in some villages and villages.

But thanks to the so-called "successful regions of the country", the SPZH in the Russian Federation increases. Demographic problems exist in those areas in which funding is insufficient. As practice shows, the budget in such regions is not balanced.

Middle age of the population in the Russian Federation and other countries of the world: a comparative analysis

In 2019, the Russian Federation took 110th place in. Experts believe that SPZh in the Russian Federation remains low for several decades. In developed countries, such as, for example, Japan, France or Singapore, this indicator exceeds 80 years.

Average life expectancy in different countries of the world

A variety of media is systematically reported on a constant decrease in the average life expectancy. Indicators, I must say not pleased. Especially low digit is called for men - 57-59 years. Elderly, after acquaintance with such indicators, it should seem to seem that their lifespan has already been exhausted.

First of all, it should be noted that the values \u200b\u200bgiven relate to the demographic indicator, the full and correct name of which - The average expected duration of the upcoming life. The expected or estimated, but in no case is not limited to the specified number of years for each person, as not guaranteed. Statistics do not predict and does not promise a certain lifespan. The calculation of the indicator is based on the theory of probability, constructing mortality tables and is calculated as the ratio between the number of those who died in certain ages at a certain point. This moment is usually a year preceding the year in which counts. The published indicators do not relate to the life expectancy of people who have already lived some part of life, but only to newborns or born in this year, and then, provided that the mortality rates in their future life remain the same as in the settlement year.

For each age, their own indicators are calculated. So, for example, the demographic reference book "The population of the world" reports that the average life expectancy of men in the 80s. It was 64-65 years old, but for those who reached this age, the expected duration was equal to another 12.5 years (that is, up to 76-78 years old), for those who older than 75 years old were probability to live for another 7-10 years . Even the 100-year-old hope is left to live at least one or two years.

For newborns, the name of the expected duration of the upcoming life (for brevity - average life expectancy) It is not obligatory, because during the lifetime of the new generation, it will undergo significant changes, whether in the direction of increasing under favorable circumstances, whether, on the contrary, will decrease. This indicator characterizes expected, Probable lifetime is not a separate individual, but all generation as a whole. This is not the average age of living, as not the average age of the dead in a certain year. So the approval of the type: "Men now live with us just 57 years," are absolutely incorrect.

It should be noted that since this indicator is probabilistic, it is possible a variety in the numerical expression of the value among different authors, which is explained by the discrepancies in the methods elected by them. Twenty years ago, there was a lot of forecasts for 2000, including about the life expectancy, and on this problem, perhaps more judgments were expressed than about all other parameters of society.

If you compare the numbers that sounded then, with today's, then they are straightened from each other. In this case, the adjustment was all the time towards the decrease. So, ge-rontologist V. V. Frolkis In the book "Aging and an increase in life expectancy", published in 1988, wrote: "Demographers are not united in their forecasts. B. C. Urlanis believes that the average life expectancy in our country will reach 76 years. Other data leads M. S. Poor. According to his "optimistic version," the average life expectancy of men in 2000 will be equal to us 77.4, women - 80.3 years. A. V. Boyarsky at the International Congress of Demographers determined the average life expectancy in 2000, equal to 85 years. " Now, when until 2000, it remained quite a bit, the unreality of such predictions was visible, life has made negative adjustments. Not only domestic researchers, but also UN experts, who predicted the average life expectancy in the USSR by 2000 - 74.6 years.

To finally make clarity and try to dispel fears, injected by the mindless use of scientific information, we give strict determination of the average life expectancy:

The average expected duration of the upcoming life is the number of years that will be on average to live a given generation of those born (peers of a certain age), provided that throughout the subsequent life, in each age group, the mortality rate will be the same as he was in the population of this age in The years of mortality table.

And one more important remark. The average duration of the upcoming life should not be confused with the median age of the dead, that is, age to which the maximum number of deaths in this generation happens. The average age of the dead depends on the age structure of the population: it is clear that in the structure of the type in the middle age of the dead will be much higher than in the structure of type A.

Within the framework of the UN program, the development index of mankind has developed, or how journalists were painted it, "index Happiness. Its creation is an attempt to determine the concept of economic growth in a new way (development for people, and not people for development). And the calculation of the index, and the index itself caused a lot of disputes. But for our conversation, it is important that it is calculated on the basis of three indicators: gross national (or internal) product per capita, level of education and the expected duration of the upcoming life at birth.

In accordance with this index, more than 170 countries of the world were analyzed, a table was drawn up; Russia occupied 37th place. The table shows that the average life expectancy is quite different in countries and continents. In most European countries and in the US, it is 76-77 years old, in Japan, this figure is even higher - 79-82, in a number of other countries it ranges between 42-45 years. This is Guinea-Bissau, Zambia, Afghanistan, and others. It is significant that in countries with a low educational level the life expectancy is small. It depends, of course, not only on the level of education or the size of a shower national product, but all these values \u200b\u200bare interrelated each other, the change in the value of one of them "pulls" others. The life expectancy is determined by the interaction of socio-economic and political factors.

In the mid-60s. In Russia and in the United States, life expectancy was approximately at the same level. A significant gap arose in the last fifteen years. Paradoxical but With a lesser life expectancy, the share of older people in the total population in Russia is higher than in the United States.

Changes in the average expected duration of the upcoming life (in years) in Russia and the United States are visible from the following table:

	1989	1993	1995
Russia	70	69	64
USA	74	76	76

According to the information bulletin "Population and Society" (No. 7, 1995), in 1995, the average life of the upcoming life (in years) in Europe was:

As applied from the table, the life expectancy of Russian women is lower than European meanings, but above the world, whereas Russian men have this figure below and the European, and the world.

According to the latest research, differences in the expected duration of the upcoming life in men of two countries: Russians - 57-58 years old; Americans have 73-74 years.