On January 15 (4), 1790 (according to some sources, 1795), Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born in Moscow into the family of a retired major. The biography of this man is full of secrets and mysteries. Not even known exact date his birth. The father of the future writer was a poorly educated man. The children were raised by their mother, who was a famous pianist and noble lady. Thanks to her, the writer received an excellent home education.
Education
Since childhood, Griboyedov was lucky with teachers and educators. His tutors were Petrosilius and Bogdan Ivanovich Ion - talented and famous people. Therefore, already in childhood, the future playwright knew several foreign languages and learned to play the piano. In 1802 he entered the Moscow University boarding school. His further education is supervised by Professor Boulet. The young man studies well, receives awards, and at the age of 13 becomes a candidate of literary sciences.
While still a student, he began to become interested in literature and was a regular participant in literary meetings. At the same time, Griboyedov’s first works were written.
However, the most interesting facts of the writer’s biography are hidden in his mature years of life.
Military service
Quite strange was the decision of the brilliantly educated young man choose military career. In 1812, with the beginning Patriotic War Griboedov's life changed a lot. He became part of the regiment of Count Saltykov. Alexander Sergeevich never managed to take part in hostilities, and he retired.
Life in the capital
In 1817, he entered the service of the St. Petersburg State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. His passion for literature and theater brings Griboedov closer to many famous people. He meets Kuchelbecker and Pushkin. Having joined the Masonic lodge, he communicates with Pestel, Chaadaev, Benckendorff. Intrigue, gossip secular society darkened this period of life. The shaky financial situation forced the writer to leave the service.
In the Caucasus
Since 1818, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov has served as secretary at the Russian embassy in Persia. Responsibly public service, he simultaneously studies languages and literature about the culture of the East. As part of the Russian mission in 1819, Griboyedov continued to serve in Tabriz. For successful negotiations with the Persians, which resulted in the release of captured Russian soldiers, he was presented with a reward. A successful diplomatic career does not prevent the writer from doing what he loves. It was here that the first pages of the immortal comedy “Woe from Wit” were written.
Return
In 1823, Griboyedov came to Moscow and continued to work on the comedy. To publish his work, the writer goes to St. Petersburg. But he was disappointed: he was unable to publish the comedy in its entirety or stage it on the theater stage. Readers admired the work, but this did not suit Alexander Sergeevich.
Connection with the Decembrists
To escape from sad thoughts, Griboyedov goes to Kyiv. A meeting with friends (Trubetskoy and Bestuzhev) brought him to the camp of the Decembrists. For his participation in the uprising, he was arrested and spent six months in prison.
last years of life
The defeat of the Decembrist uprising, tragic fate comrades had a detrimental effect on Griboyedov’s state of mind. He has a presentiment of his death and constantly talks about it.
In 1826, the government needed an experienced diplomat, as Russia's relations with Turkey were deteriorating. A great writer was appointed to this position.
On the way to his destination in Tiflis, Alexander Sergeevich marries the young princess Chavchavadze.
His happiness was short-lived. Griboedov's death occurred shortly after his arrival in Tehran. On January 30 (February 11), 1829, the Russian embassy was attacked. Heroically defending himself, the writer died.
A short biography of Griboyedov is not able to give a complete picture of the life of the great writer. For my short life he created several works: “Student”, “Young Spouses”, “Feigned Infidelity”. However, his most famous work is the comedy in verse “Woe from Wit.” Griboyedov's creativity is not large, many plans were not destined to come true, but his name will remain forever in people's memory.
Chronological table
Other biography options
- Alexander Sergeevich was very talented person. He spoke many languages, composed music, and was interested in science.
- see all
Griboedov Alexander Sergeevich is wonderful and versatile person, a Russian writer who was also a composer, poet and diplomat, who begins in Moscow on January 15, 1795.
Griboyedov biography
Since not everyone is interested in the details of the biography of writers, but it is necessary to know about Griboyedov and the facts of his life, we suggest that you get acquainted with Griboyedov, his biography and work in a brief summary.
The future writer and author of the brilliant comedy Woe from Wit was born into an impoverished noble family. The future writer receives his first education at home, where his mother educates her son. Next, the gifted boy studies at a boarding house in Moscow, after which he enters the university to study literature. At the age of 13, Griboyedov received his PhD and entered the ethical and political department, and then the physics and mathematics department. Alexander Griboedov was a very educated and talented young man, knowing about ten languages and fluent in them.
Getting acquainted with the future writer Griboyedov and his brief biography further, we learn that during the Patriotic War of 1812 he volunteered for the war, but he did not have to fight, as he ended up in a reserve regiment. Here in the service he writes articles and translates a French play.
In retirement, he continues to write, combining writing with diplomacy. Lives in St. Petersburg, writes comedies for the theater, works in theatrical circles, and later goes to Persia, acting as secretary of the embassy. Here in Persia, Griboyedov begins his work on the famous comedy Woe from Wit, which he continued to write in the Caucasus.
There were also arrests in Griboyedov’s biography, since the writer was suspected of involvement in the Decembrists, but due to lack of evidence, his involvement in the uprising could not be proven, and Griboyedov was released.
A.S. Griboyedov was a good diplomat, so in 1826 he was sent to Persia, where he concluded a peace treaty, after which he remained to work there as an ambassador. But he did not have long to work at the embassy, because in 1829, during the Tehran riot, Griboedov died at the hands of an angry crowd at the age of 34. Griboyedov was buried in Tbilisi.
Biography of Griboyedov interesting facts
If we talk about Griboedov’s biography and interesting facts, then it is worth saying that Griboyedov knew ten foreign languages and spoke fluently in all of them.
Griboyedov was a second.
The writer wrote two waltzes for piano.
Griboyedov was once wounded in a duel, which later made it possible to identify the writer’s body.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born in Moscow in 1795. He came from a wealthy noble family, belonging to that high Moscow society, which he later described in his comedy “Woe from Wit” (see its full text and summary on our website). He received an excellent upbringing and education, first at home, with various teachers and tutors, then at the Noble boarding school. Griboyedov was fluent in several foreign languages, played the piano beautifully, and was sometimes fond of musical improvisation; From childhood, a talented, gifted nature was visible in him. At the age of fifteen he entered Moscow University, where he remained for 2 years. Here his literary views and tastes were formed and determined; influenced Griboyedov big influence professor of aesthetics Boulet, a supporter of the classical theory of art, with whom he had many and frequent conversations.
Portrait of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Artist I. Kramskoy, 1875
Griboyedov left the university in 1812, at the height of the Patriotic War; he immediately volunteered for military service, but he was unable to participate in hostilities; His regiment spent more than three years in Belarus, moving from one town to another. Subsequently, Griboyedov recalled these years with bitterness. military service conducted by him for the most part V card game, in revelry and entertainment, distracting him from all cultural work. Cheerful, ardent, passionate Griboyedov, then still very young, was easily carried away by the example of the officer environment around him, often becoming the center of various pranks and antics. They say, for example, that once, on a bet, he rode into a ball of a rich Belarusian landowner on horseback.
In 1816, Griboyedov retired and decided to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. While living in St. Petersburg, he was interested in theater and met the writers Shakhovsky, Khmelnitsky, Katenin, whose works were then staged on stage. Through Shakhovsky, Griboedov met members of the literary society “Conversation of Lovers of the Russian Word” and wholeheartedly joined the classical movement. (See Stages of Griboedov's creativity.) In his first comedy - “Student” - Griboedov ridicules, offends Zhukovsky and even, oddly enough, Batyushkov. But in this same comedy, the issue of serfdom is also quite seriously touched upon, depicting the difficult situation of the serf peasant, from whom the master demands an unbearable quitrent.
Together with Shakhovsky and Khmelnitsky, Griboyedov wrote a very funny comedy, “One’s Own Family, or a Married Bride,” which is still sometimes staged on stage; This comedy is always a success thanks to its lively, funny pictures and very easy language.
One of Griboyedov’s plays, “The Young Spouses” (adapted from French), was staged on stage already in 1815.
In 1819, Griboedov was appointed secretary at the Russian embassy in Persia, and had to go to the Persian city of Tabriz. He wanted to devote himself entirely to literature, but his mother demanded that he serve. Griboyedov devoted himself wholeheartedly to his official activities and soon attracted attention with his outstanding diplomatic abilities. Despite his service, Griboyedov found time for serious studies. In Tabriz, which he wittily called his “diplomatic monastery,” he seriously studied Persian and Arabic languages, Persian literature, history. There he also worked on his famous comedy “Woe from Wit,” which he conceived at almost the age of fifteen. In Tabriz the 1st and 2nd actions were completed.
Woe from the mind. Maly Theater performance, 1977
On business matters, Griboyedov traveled from Tabriz to Tiflis (Tbilisi) several times. The famous General A.P. Ermolov, commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, drew attention to the brilliant abilities of the young man, and, at his request, Griboyedov was appointed his secretary for foreign affairs. He remained in Tiflis until 1823. Despite his success at work and Ermolov’s cordial attitude, Griboyedov was irresistibly drawn to Russia. Finally, he received leave and spent about a year in Moscow, then in St. Petersburg, then on the estate of his friend Begichev in the Tula province.
Arriving in Moscow after a long absence, plunging, like his hero Chatsky, into the whirlpool of Moscow society, Griboyedov, under a fresh impression, finished “Woe from Wit” on Begichev’s estate.
Rarely what literary work, without being published, spread and became known as quickly as “Woe from Wit.” Friends rewrote it and passed the manuscripts on to each other. Many memorized passages and entire scenes of the comedy. “Woe from Wit” immediately aroused wild delight in society – and equally violent indignation; All those who felt hurt and ridiculed in the comedy were indignant. Griboedov's enemies shouted that his comedy was an evil libel against Moscow; they did everything they could to prevent Woe from Wit from being published and to be staged. Indeed, “Woe from Wit” was published only after Griboyedov’s death, and he saw the production of his truly wonderful comedy only once, performed by amateur officers in Erivan (Yerevan), in 1827.
Despite Griboedov's ardent desire to resign, he had to, at the insistence of his mother, return to serve in the Caucasus.
After the accession of Emperor Nicholas I to the throne in 1826, Griboedov was unexpectedly arrested and brought to St. Petersburg; he was accused of participating in Decembrist conspiracy, but very soon he was justified and was released. It has not yet been established whether he was really a member of the “Northern Society”. In “Woe from Wit” Griboedov expressed his negative attitude towards secret societies(Repetilov); but it is known that he was really close and corresponded with some of the Decembrists (Kuchelbecker, Bestuzhev, Prince Odoevsky), poets and writers.
In 1826-27, Griboedov took an active part in the war against Persia, serving under General Paskevich, who replaced Ermolov in the Caucasus. Many times Griboedov showed brilliant courage and self-control during the war. The conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty, according to which Russia received the Erivan region and a large indemnity, was the work of Griboyedov, who led the diplomatic negotiations. Paskevich, appreciating his merits, wanted him to personally report to the Emperor about the concluded peace. Nicholas I received him very graciously, rewarded him and soon appointed him envoy to Persia.
Griboedov's diplomatic career was brilliant; he was only 33 years old when he was appointed to the responsible post of envoy. But this honor and distinction did not please him. Never before had it been so difficult for him to leave Russia. Heavy, vague premonitions did not give him peace. Saying goodbye to his friends, he felt that he would never see them again.
On the way to Persia, Griboyedov stopped in Tiflis and spent several months here. Griboyedov loved one young girl, Princess Nina Chavchavadze, whom he had previously seen as a girl. Having met Nina again, Griboyedov proposed to her and, having received consent, soon got married. The happiness of the young couple did not last long! Griboedov had to go to Persia, to his destination. He did not want to take his young wife with him, since the atmosphere in Persia after the recent war was very tense; his wife accompanied Griboyedov to Tabriz, from where he went alone to Tehran, hoping after a while to discharge his wife there. But they were never destined to meet again in this world...
The Persians were extremely irritated against Griboedov, who concluded such a disadvantageous peace for them. There is reason to believe that British diplomacy also supported this irritation of the Persians against Russia. Griboyedov, as a representative of Russia, immediately took a very firm and decisive position; he did everything he could to free many Russian prisoners languishing in Persian captivity, and also took under his protection the Christians who were persecuted by the Mohammedans. The irritation of the Persians was fueled by fanatical mullahs. Having learned that Christians who had fled from Persian persecution were hiding in the embassy house, an excited crowd of people surrounded the embassy, demanding their extradition.
Griboedov refused to hand over the Christians hiding under his protection. A huge crowd of Persians began to storm the house. Griboyedov himself, with a saber in his hands, became the head of the Cossacks defending the embassy and was killed in this unequal battle - the Persians were ten times more numerous than the Russians, who were all killed by the enraged crowd. From the entire Russian embassy, one person escaped, and he spoke about Griboyedov’s firm, courageous behavior and his heroic death. Only on the third day did the troops arrive; the rebellion was pacified. A vengeful crowd of Persians mutilated Griboedov's body, dragging him through the streets of the city; he was recognized only by the cramped finger of his hand, which had been shot through in a duel several years earlier.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov(January 4 (15), 1795 (17950115), Moscow - January 30 (February 11), 1829, Tehran) - Russian nobleman, playwright, poet and diplomat, composer (two “Griboedov Waltzes” have survived), pianist. State Councilor (1828).
Griboyedov is known as homo unius libri - the writer of one book, the brilliantly rhymed play "Woe from Wit", which is still one of the most popular theatrical productions in Russia, as well as the source of numerous catchphrases.
Biography
Born in Moscow in the family of a guards officer. Received a comprehensive home education. From 1802 (or 1803) to 1805 he studied at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School (the same place where Lermontov would study in his time). In 1806 he entered Moscow University at the Faculty of Philosophy. In 1810, having graduated from the literature and law departments, he continued to study at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. At the university, Griboedov stood out for his versatile talents and extraordinary musical abilities (Alexander played the piano superbly); mastered French, German, English and Italian. Griboedov's mentors were Petrosilius, Doctor of Laws Ion, and finally Professor Bule. Scientific interests Griboyedov kept it for the rest of his life. In 1812, Griboyedov volunteered for the army; the cavalry units in which he was a member were in reserve. In 1814 A.S. Griboedov published correspondence “On cavalry reserves”, “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the publisher” in the journal “Bulletin of Europe”. In 1815, Griboyedov’s comedy “The Young Spouses” was published and staged - a reworking of the comedy by the French playwright Creuset de Lesser “La secret du menage”, which caused criticism from M.N. Zagoskina. Griboedov responded with the pamphlet “Lubochny Theater.” In 1816, after retiring, Griboyedov settled in St. Petersburg. In 1817, he enlisted in the College of Foreign Affairs and met writers - V.K. Kuchelbecker, N.I. Grech, and somewhat later with the genius of Russian literature A.S. Pushkin.
At first literary activity Griboyedov collaborates with P. A. Katenin, A. A. Shakhovsky, N. I. Khmelnitsky, A. A. Zhandre. In 1817, the comedy “Student” was written (together with Katenin), directed against the poets of “Arzamas”, followers of N. M. Karamzin. Making fun of them, Griboyedov polemicized both with the sensitivity of sentimentalism and with the dreaminess of romanticism in the spirit of V. A. Zhukovsky. Sharing the literary views of I. A. Krylov and G. R. Derzhavin, Katenin and Kuchelbecker, Griboedov was close to the group of so-called “archaists” who were members of the “Conversation of Lovers of the Russian Word” society, headed by A. S. Shishkov. These views were reflected in Griboyedov’s article “On the analysis of the free translation of the Burger’s ballad “Leonora”,” in which he defended the translation made by Katenin from the criticism of N. I. Gnedich. The comedy “One’s Own Family, or The Married Bride” was written in 1817 mainly by Shakhovsky, but with the help of A.S. Griboyedov (who wrote the beginning of the second act) and Khmelnitsky. The comedy “Feigned Infidelity”, which is a free translation (written together with Gendre) of the comedy of the French playwright Barthes “Les fausses infidelites”, was presented on the stages of St. Petersburg and Moscow in 1818, and in Orel in 1820.
In mid-1818, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was appointed secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission in Persia. This appointment was essentially an exile, the reason for which was Griboyedov’s participation as a second in the duel between officer V.A. Sheremetev and gr. A.P. Zavadovsky because of the artist Istomina. In February 1819 A.S. Griboyedov arrived in Tabriz. Probably, an excerpt from his poem “Traveler” (or “Wanderer”) - “Kalyanchi” - about a captive Georgian boy who is sold at the Tabriz market, dates back to this time. Since 1822 A.S. Griboyedov is on the staff of the Chief Administrator of Georgia, General A.P. Ermolov “on the diplomatic side” in Tiflis. The first two acts of the comedy “Woe from Wit,” conceived, according to S. N. Begichev, back in 1816, were written here. In 1823-25 A.S. Griboyedov was on a long vacation. In the summer of 1823, on the Tula estate of his friend Begichev, he wrote the third and fourth acts of the comedy “Woe from Wit.” In the autumn of the same year, together with P. A. Vyazemsky, he wrote the vaudeville “Who is Brother, Who is Sister, or Deception after Deception,” the music for which was composed by A. N. Verstovsky. In the summer of 1824, Griboyedov completed the final revision of the comedy “Woe from Wit.”
At the end of 1825 A.S. Griboyedov returned to the Caucasus. Alexander Sergeevich had ideas for new works, which, unfortunately, have reached us only in fragments. The outline of the drama “1812” (1824-25) indicates that Griboyedov intended to portray the heroes of the Patriotic War, among whom was a serf peasant who experienced a sense of high patriotism in battles; returned at the end of the war “under the stick of his master,” he commits suicide. Came down to us in a fragment and in a retelling by F.V. Bulgarin's tragedy “Georgian Night” (1826-27), based on Georgian legend, is imbued with anti-serfdom thought. Plan of tragedy from history Ancient Armenia and Georgia “Rodamist and Zenobia” shows that A.S. Griboedov paid tribute, on the one hand, to his penchant for historical research, and on the other, political problems present, transferred to a distant era; he was thinking about royal power, the failure of a conspiracy of nobles who did not rely on the people, about the role of the people, etc.
From January 22 to June 2, 1826 A.S. Griboyedov was under investigation in the Decembrist case. However, no charges were brought against him. Moreover, it turned out that long before the Decembrist putsch A.S. Griboyedov left the Masonic lodge, refusing any cooperation with them. After returning to the Caucasus in September 1826, A.S. Griboyedov is already acting as statesman and a distinguished diplomat. In 1827, Griboyedov was ordered to be responsible for diplomatic relations with Persia and Turkey. Alexander Griboyedov takes part in issues of civil governance in the Caucasus, draws up the “Regulations on the governance of Azerbaijan”; with his participation, the Tiflis Gazette was founded in 1828, and a “workhouse” was opened for women serving sentences. A.S. Griboyedov, together with P. D. Zaveleisky, draws up a project on the “Establishment of the Russian Transcaucasian Company” in order to boost the industry of the region. In 1828, Griboedov took part in the Turkmanchin Peace Treaty concluded with Persia. He is then appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia. Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov viewed this not as “royal mercy,” but as “political exile,” as a “cup of suffering” that he had to drink. In August 1828, in Tiflis, before leaving for Persia, Griboedov married N.A. Chavchavadze. Leaving his wife in Tabriz, he went with the embassy to Tehran. Here he became a victim of a conspiracy led by Fet-Ali Shah and his dignitaries, bribed by England, which was afraid of the growing influence of Russia in Persia after the Russian-Persian War of 1826 - 1828. During the extermination of the Russian embassy in Tehran, Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was killed by a crowd of Persian fanatics, the embassy fought to the last with the angry, uneducated crowd. Griboyedov was advised to hide in a chimney, but he was discovered and killed. The brutal crowd continued to mutilate the body of the now deceased Griboyedov. His body was transported to Tiflis and buried on Mount St. David. So Russia lost a great literary figure. There were still the deaths of Pushkin and Lermontov ahead.
A.S. Griboyedov entered the ranks of great Russian and world playwrights as the author of the comedy “Woe from Wit.” Rejected by censorship (during Griboedov’s lifetime, excerpts were published in the anthology “Russian Waist”, 1825), the comedy was distributed in numerous lists.
Works by A. S. Griboyedov
Griboedov's dramaturgy:
- 1812 (plan and scene from drama) (year unknown)
- Woe from Wit (comedy in four acts in verse) (1824)
- Georgian Night (excerpts from the tragedy) (1826 or 1827)
- Dialogue of Polovtsian husbands (excerpt) (not earlier than 1825)
- Who is brother, who is sister, or deception after deception (new vaudeville opera in 1 act) (1823)
- The Young Spouses (comedy in one act, in verse) (1814)
- Feigned Infidelity (a comedy in one act in verse) (1818)
- Sample interlude (interlude in one act) (1818)
- Rodamist and Zenobia (tragedy plan) (year unknown)
- <"Своя семья, или замужняя невеста">(excerpt from a comedy) (1817)
- Serchak and Itlyar (1825)
- Student (comedy in three acts, written together with P. A. Katenin) (1817)
- Youth of the Prophet (sketch) (1823)
Publicism by Griboyedov:
- <Заметка по поводу комедии "Горе от ума"> (1824-1825)
- On cavalry reserves (1814)
- On the analysis of the free translation of the Burger ballad “Lenora” (1816)
- My uncle's character
- Special cases of the St. Petersburg flood (1824)
Travel notes of Griboyedov:
- Mozdok - Tiflis
- Tiflis - Tehran
- Tehran - Sultaneya
- Vagina's story
- Miana - Tabriz - Gargari
- Ananur quarantine
- Tiflis - Tabriz
- Single notes
- Erivan campaign
Works attributed to Griboyedov:
- Country Trip (1826)
Poems by A. S. Griboyedov
- From Apollo (1815)
- Lubochny Theater (1817)
- <Эпитафии доктору Кастальди> (1820)
- <Н. А. Каховскому> (1820)
- David
- Romance (1824)
- "Fluttering with wings, ringing with arrows..." (1824)
- Epigram (1824)
- "How do magazine brawls settle down" (1824?)
- Excerpt from Goethe (1824)
- Teleshova (1824)
- Predators on Chegem (1825)
- "- According to the spirit of the times and taste..." (1826)
- Liberated (1826)
- A. O[doevsky]
- Sorry, Fatherland!
- "Where Alazan winds..."
- Kalyanchi
- Brownie
Poems attributed to Griboyedov
- Important Acquisition (1825)
- East
- Ode to Duels (1819)
Memory
- In Moscow there is an institute named after A. S. Griboyedov - IMPE named after. Griboyedova
- In 1995, an Armenian postage stamp dedicated to Griboedov was issued
- In Tbilisi there is a theater named after A. S. Griboedov, a monument (author M. K. Merabishvili)
- There are Griboyedov streets in Bryansk, Yekaterinburg, Ryazan, Irkutsk and a number of other cities and settlements in Russia, Yerevan, Minsk, Simferopol, Tbilisi.
- Griboedov Canal (until 1923 - Ekaterininsky Canal) - a canal in St. Petersburg
- When Griboyedov finished work on the comedy “Woe from Wit,” the first person he went to show his work was the one whom he feared most, namely the fabulist Ivan Andreevich Krylov. With trepidation, Griboyedov went to him first to show off his work.
“I brought the manuscript! Comedy..." "Commendable. So what? Leave it." “I will read my comedy to you. If you ask me to leave from the first scenes, I will disappear.” “If you please, start right away,” the fabulist agreed grumpily. An hour passes, then another - Krylov sits on the sofa, hanging his head on his chest. When Griboyedov put down the manuscript and looked questioningly at the old man from under his glasses, he was struck by the change that had occurred in the listener’s face. Radiant young eyes shone, the toothless mouth smiled. He held a silk handkerchief in his hand, preparing to apply it to his eyes. “No,” he shook his heavy head. - The censors won't let this pass. They make fun of my fables. And this is much worse! In our time, the empress would have sent this play along the first route to Siberia.” So much for Griboyedov.
Date of birth: January 15, 1795
Date of death: February 11, 1829
Place of birth: Moscow
Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich- talented Russian diplomat, Griboyedov A.S.- a famous playwright, a brilliant poet, a gifted pianist and composer, a true nobleman and State Councilor.
Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 15, 1795 in Moscow. The future famous playwright, a wonderful poet, a wonderful pianist and composer, as well as a subtle diplomat and a convinced nobleman, was the descendants of the Poles who moved to Russia in the 17th century. Their last name sounded like Grzhibovsky, but was translated into Russian.
His father, Sergei Ivanovich, was a retired officer who, in his youth, caroused and played cards from morning to evening. His mother came from the same Polish family, was a very strong and domineering woman, confident in herself and her abilities.
Alexander Griboedov spent his entire childhood in Moscow with his sister and on his mother’s family estate in the Smolensk province. Since his childhood, many relatives were amazed at the perseverance and hard work of Griboedov, who played the flute and piano excellently, sang beautifully, wrote poetry and composed musical opuses.
Like all nobles, he received an excellent education at home under the guidance of I. D. Petrosilius, a famous scientist. In 1803, he entered a boarding school at Moscow University, three years later he entered the Faculty of Literature, and in 1808 he defended his PhD in Literary Sciences. After graduating from the Faculty of Literature, he entered the moral and political department, and then the physics and mathematics department.
He studied it himself foreign languages and in varying degrees mastered French, German, English, Italian, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Persian and Turkish languages. IN student years he also communicated quite closely with many Decembrists.
Mature years:
In 1812, with the beginning of the Patriotic War, Alexander Griboyedov voluntarily joined the army. He immediately enters the hussar regiment and receives the rank of cornet. His cavalry unit stood in reserve throughout the war; he never saw a real battle. Immediately after the end of the war, Griboyedov resigned.
After the war, he settled in St. Petersburg, where he began to actively write for the magazines “Son of the Fatherland” and “Bulletin of Europe”. In 1817, he co-founded the DuBien Masonic Lodge, and also became a member of the diplomatic department, the College of Foreign Affairs. At first he worked as a provincial secretary, and then became a translator. It was in the Northern capital that he met Pushkin, who greatly influenced his development as a writer. Griboyedov was forced to leave St. Petersburg after an unsuccessful duel between Zavadovsky and Sheremetev.
In 1818, having refused the post of diplomatic representative in America, he began to serve in the secretariat of the imperial chargé in Persia. He later ended up in Tiflis, where he met Yakubovich, with whom he had scores to settle from an ill-fated duel in St. Petersburg. He was also forced to fight and was seriously wounded in the left hand. In 1821, due to a serious hand injury, he went to Georgia, where he began working on “Woe from Wit.” A year later he becomes secretary under Ermolov.
In 1823, he returned to Russia and began to actively work on completing Woe from Wit; he also actively works with many representatives of Russian literature. About two years later he had to move to the Caucasus, where he stayed until 1826, and then was arrested as an accomplice in the Decembrist uprising.
No evidence was found, and therefore he was allowed to return to work in the Caucasus. He became an active participant in the development of diplomatic relations between Russia, Persia and Turkey, and was the initiator of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty with Persia, which was beneficial for Russia, which became the final point in the war between these countries. After this, he became the main representative of Russia in Persia. In 1828, Griboyedov married Nina Chavchavadze.
In 1829, on a January morning, the Russian embassy in Tehran was attacked by radical Muslims. During the attack, all embassy employees were killed, including Griboyedov.
He was buried in Tiflis on Mount St. David. He was the initiator of the conclusion of an important diplomatic agreement between Russia and Persia, used a unique aphoristic method for constructing dialogues and narration in Woe from Wit, and was also one of the important propaganda tools of the Decembrists, using his creativity to expose the moral character of the nobles.
Important dates life of Alexander Griboyedov:
Born 1795
- Entered the noble boarding school at Moscow University in 1803
- Defense of the candidate's thesis and receipt of the title of Candidate of Literary Sciences in 1808
- Voluntary entry into the army in 1812
- Beginning of active literary collaboration with metropolitan magazines in 1815
- Membership in the Masonic lodge, entry into the diplomatic service, as well as participation in the duel between Sheremetev and Zavardovsky as a second in 1817
- Appointment to the secretariat of the Persian diplomatic mission and a duel with Yakubovich in 1818
- Moving to Georgia and starting work at Ermolov’s diplomatic mission in 1821
- Publication of “Woe from Wit” after returning to Russia in 1824
- Transfer to the Caucasus in 1825
- Arrest in the Decembrist case in 1826
- Conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty after returning to diplomatic service, marriage to Nina Chavchavadze, transfer to Persia in 1828
- Attack on the Russian embassy in Tehran and death in 1829
Interesting facts from the life of Alexander Griboedov:
Griboyedov was seriously wounded in the left hand in a duel with Yakubovich, this wound later became an opportunity to identify the writer's corpse after he was mutilated beyond recognition by the embassy attackers
- Griboedov had no children, The only son gave birth after Griboyedov's death and died shortly after birth
- Griboyedov’s wife was a 15-year-old girl who remained faithful to her husband until the end of her days
- A huge diamond of natural origin "Shah", which is the pride of the Russian treasury, was presented to Emperor Nicholas II by Prince Khozrev-Mirza as an apology for the death of Griboedov
Loading...
