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Can/ Be able to / Can’t CAN Different uses: Abilities or capacities (to know or to be able to). Mary can swim very fast. Request, ask or give permission Can you call me tonight. Possibility I can meet you later. It can also be used for suggestions. You can eat ravioli if you like pasta.
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Be able to It expresses abilities like can and it is used in all the verbal tenses where can is not used. I was able to finish my homework on time Can’t Different uses: Impossibility in the present Mary can’t swim very fast Lack of ability (not to know) or capacity (not to be able to): I can’t eat a whole cake by myself Prohibition You can’t drive without a licence Disbelief That can’t be the price – it’s much too cheap.
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Could It is the past of can and it is used to express: Ability or capacity in the past She could run fast when she was a child Polite request Could you help me with these suitcases? Polite suggestion You could exercise and eat healthier food Possibility –less probable than with can- Mark could join us the cinema.
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May/ might Both of them express possibility, but might is more remote. It may/ might rain tomorrow In questions, may is the polite way of asking for things. May I have a coffee, please?
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Would In questions, it is a formal way of asking for things. Would you open the window, please? With the verb “like” is used to make offers and invitations. Would you like something to drink?
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Must / Have to Both express obligation, but must is only used in the present and have to in the other tenses. Authority people use must, while have to is used by everybody. You must bring your books to class I have to buy the tickets today. Must is also used to express a logical deduction about present fact. She’s got a great job. She must be very happy.
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Need to / Needn’t Need to is not a modal, but it is used in affirmative sentences, like have to, to express obligation and necessity. I need to cook dinner tonight. Needn’t, on the contrary, is a modal and indicates lack of oblication and necessity, like don’t have to You needn’t bring anything to the party.
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Musn’t / Don’t have to Musn’t shows prohibition. You musn’t exceed the speed limit Don’t have to means not have to, i.e., lack of obligation and necessity, like needn’t I don’t have to get up early tomorrow
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Should /Ought to Both of them express advise or opinion, but should is used more frequently, since ought to is quite strange in negative and interrogative. You should/ought to improve your pronunciation
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Shall It is used in the interrogative to offer oneself to do something and to make a suggestion. Shall I help you with your luggage?
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PROHIBITION DISBELIEF SUGGESTION/ OFFER OBLIGATION/ NECESSITY You can"t drive without a licence That can"t be the price - it"s much too cheap You could exercise and eat healthier food (plite) Would you like something to drink? You must bring your books to class (strong) I have to buy the tickets today I need to cook dinner tonight. You musn"t exceed the speed limit Shall I help you with your luggage?
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CERTAINTY OF TRUE LACK OBLIGATION/ NECESSITY ADVICE/ OPINION She"s got a great job. She must be very happy. You needn"t bring anything to the party I don"t have to get up early tomorrow You should/ ought to improve your pronunciation CAN BE ABLE TO CAN"T COULD MAY/MIGHT MAY WOULD MUST HAVE TO NEED TO NEEDN"T DON"T HAVE TO MUSTN"T SHOULD /OUGHT TO SHALL
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MODAL PERFECTS Must have + participle It expresses a logical conclusion about a past fact. Rob has arrived late. He must have been in a traffic jam. May/might have + participle We use it to make a supposition about something in the past. She may/might have taken the wrong bus.
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MODALS (модальные глаголы)
Can’t/Could/Might/Should + have + V3 He can’t have written this. - Он не мог написать это. I could have lent you some money. – Я мог бы одолжить тебе немного денег. She might have fallen ill. – Она могла бы заболеть. You should have visited the dentist. – Тебе следовало посетить стоматолога. Перфектный инфинитив (для действия, которое было возможно, но не произошло)
Must have переводится как ДОЛЖНО БЫТЬ He must have forgotten the keys. – Он, должно быть, забыл ключи. She must have gone home. – Она, должно быть, ушла домой. Но, обратите внимание:
He must may might can’t have forgotten your address. lost your book. missed the train. caught a cold. fallen ill. left the country. bought a car. Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения. Переведите на русский язык.
Переведите на русский язык.
Переведите на английский язык.
По теме: методические разработки, презентации и конспекты
Конспект разработан для проведения урока математики в классе- комплекте, где сидят учащиеся 5 и 6 классов...
Авторские произведения учащихся литературного кружка "Вдохновение" (Виктория Баева (6-8 класс), Софья Орлова (8-9 класс), Яна Масная (10-11 класс), Надежда Медведева (10-11 класс)
Модальные глаголы выражают не действие, а отношение к нему, т.е. способность, возможность или необходимость совершить действие I can answer your question. He can play the piano. May I come in? – Yes you may. She must stop eating much. Модальный глаголПеревод can (could) могу, умею may (might)можно mustдолжен
Характерные особенности модальных глаголов Сравните: Но: can, may, must Но: I can swim. He English well. Но: He can speak English well. Но: Can he speak English well? He cannot speak English well. speak – spoke – spoken Но: can – could –... () may – might –... () must –... () –... () 1.Модальные глаголы не имеют неличных форм (инфинитива, причастия, герундия). 2. Инфинитив смыслового глагола следует за модальными глаголами без частицы to. 3.Модальные глаголы не изменяются по лицам и числам (у них не бывает окончаний). 4.Модальные глаголы образуют вопросительную и отрицательную форму без вспомогательного глагола. В вопросительной форме модальный глагол ставится перед подлежащим, в отрицательном предложении отрицательная частица not ставится после модального глагола. 5. Модальные глаголы имеют не все временные формы. I like swim.to speaks Does he speak English well? He not speak English well. does liketo cannot = cant
Значение и разница в употреблении модальных глаголов can и may She can speak English quite well but she cant write it at all. Модальный глагол ЗначениеПеревод can 1) 2) 3) may 1) 2) 3) My friend can play the guitar well. We can have a good time here.I could not speak English when I first went to school. способность (физическая и умственная) возможность умение могу умею May I open the window? You may stay at home today. It may rain today. Форма прошедшего времени Эквиваленты could to be able to быть в состоянии I shall be able to come in an hour. He was not able to come yesterday. I think they will be allowed to go with us. He was allowed to miss classes yesterday. might просьба (в вопросительных предл.) разрешение (в утвердительных предл.) можно предположение, неуверенность может быть, возможно to be allowed to получить разрешение am / is / are able (to) могу(т), умею(т), может was / were able (to) мог(ли), смог(ли), был(и) в состоянии will be able (to) сможет, сумеет am / is / are allowed (to) (кому-либо) разрешают was / were allowed (to) (кому-либо) разрешили will be allowed (to) (кому-либо) разрешат Was he able to come yesterday? Will you be able to come in an hour? Was he allowed to miss classes yesterday?
Значение и употребление модального глагола must I must go home now. Модальный глагол ЗначениеПеревод must 1) должествование, необходимость 2) запрещение (в отрицательных предл.) должен, нужно, необходимо нельзя You must be hungry. Форма прошедшего времени Эквиваленты нетto have (to) He must not do it. – Ему нельзя этого делать. Он не должен этого делать. 3) вероятность (кроме вопросительных и отрицательных пред- ложений и предложе- ний, выражающих будущее действие) Но: При отсутствии необходимости вместо mustnt следует использовать neednt (не нужно) должно быть, вероятно You neednt translate the text. – Вам не нужно переводить текст. Примечание: В вопросительной и отрицательной форме эквивалент to have (to) употребляется со вспомогательным глаголом do в нужном времени. I had to read the book again. you have to read the book again. He have to read the book again.did not Did have to has to приходится had to – пришлось will have to – придется Must I go there? – No, you neednt.
Если в предложении не ясно, кто совершает действие, то в качестве подлежащего выступает местоимение one, а все предложение переводится на русский язык неопределенно-личным предложением. Запомните: One can можно One may можно One must нужно, надо One must not нельзя One neednt не нужно Переведите на русский язык: One can easily do it. Можно легко это сделать. One may go home now. Сейчас можно пойти домой. One must know it. Это нужно знать. One mustnt miss classes. Нельзя пропускать занятия. One neednt hurry. Не нужно спешить.
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