One of the most visited places by tourists in the Moscow region is the Glinka estate; it is one of the oldest in the 18th century. In addition, this place is older than other estates in the Moscow region. These places belonged to nobles named Bryus, who descended from Yakov Vilimovich, an associate of Peter the Great, a military and statesman, scientist and diplomat. All the architectural splendor that amazes the sophisticated traveler even today was created around the thirties of the 18th century, when the founder of the dynasty was forced to retire. He was an extraordinary person, loved art, and was also interested in science. The peasants called him a sorcerer.
Jacob Bruce
Almost every contemporary knew this man. He came from an ancient Scottish family, but fate threw him to distant Russia, where, however, he made a very good career. He began his service at the court of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, being very young. He continued to serve under the Dual Power, and then swore allegiance to the young and active Peter. By the way, it was he who rushed to the tsar’s aid during the Streletsky revolt, which endeared him to the future emperor. Peter considered Bruce one of his closest comrades; they took part together in many battles of the Russian army.
Jacob Bruce was famous at court for his thirst for scientific knowledge; he could rightfully be called a polymath, since he was interested in almost all scientific disciplines, and in many of them he achieved considerable success. For example, he was well versed in tactics and strategy, mastered cannon work, and during his life he received the honorary title of Feldmaster General (that is, head of artillery). It was he who had the honor of heading the Berg-i Manufaktur Collegium, and he also founded the well-known Navigation School. And, of course, he is known to many people for having created his own “Bruce Calendar,” which many people relied on, adapting their way of life to it. And this is only a small fraction of what Count Bruce did for Imperial Russia.
Estate of Jacob Bruce
It is very unfortunate, but under Peter’s followers the count did not get a place at court, although no one insisted on his resignation. Nevertheless, Yakov Bruce withdraws from politics, submits his resignation and moves to an estate dear to his heart near Moscow, which he acquired while still young. This estate bore the pleasant name “Glinka” estate. Bruce was not sorry to leave dank St. Petersburg, because the estate was located in the very center of natural beauty, and also very close to the ancient Russian capital.
But here’s what’s strange: according to the stories of the local population, as well as directly from the residents inhabiting the nearby village of Glinkovo, unusual things began to happen in these places. The master's house itself surprised the peasants with its outlandish appearance; it was built in the most fashionable style at that time - Italian Baroque. The stucco molding, golden monograms, symmetry and grace seemed very strange against the background of the Russian birch forest and rickety peasant houses.
Legends and secrets
And besides, according to the peasants, the count himself was weird. For example, many of them marveled at his habit of climbing out onto the roof of his own house at night, choosing the highest place and looking for a long time at something in the sky with the help of a bulky pipe. Of course, it is now obvious that the count was just interested in astronomy, but this was incomprehensible to the peasants.
Therefore, if a drought or thunderstorms suddenly began, the people believed that it was the sorcerer count who was doing something wrong. All kinds of legends arose related to the name of Jacob Bruce, all kinds of fables were told by local residents. By the way, these same tales were heard a little later at court, because, as you know, the earth is full of rumors. Either eyewitnesses shared their impressions that Bruce saddled an iron dragon and soared on it under the clouds, then with the clap of his palms, heavenly music began to play in the park, and it also died down at his command.
And even when Bruce died, his fame buzzed for a long time. According to some sources, the restless wizard count, even after his death, wandered around his estate for a long time and frightened the new owners or the local population. It’s a strange thing, but those owners who inherited Bruce’s “Glinka” estate, subsequently, either imbued with these legends, or really seeing something strange, ordered the destruction of all sculptural groups on the territory of the estate. But the manor park was once famous for its exquisite antique statues. At the same time, the sculptures were not sold or destroyed; they were disposed of in a very sophisticated manner. Some were walled up in the walls, some were sunk to the bottom of the pond. Isn't it strange? According to some legends that circulate in abundance in these places, the new owners were very frightened by the fact that the statues tended to come to life at night.
And again, this is what people say, but from then on Bruce began to take strong revenge on the new owners of his land. He appeared to them at night in the form of a disembodied spirit; creaks and groans were heard in the corridors - all in the tradition of English ghost stories. The new owner and mistress had to move to live in the farthest corner of the house.
Today, lovers of mysticism still flock to the estate building; some vacationers on the territory of the sanatorium that is now located there say that the count can still be seen. But it is difficult to judge how true these stories are. The estate of Jacob Bruce in Glinki still keeps many secrets and secrets.
"Cabinet of Curious Things"
Jacob Bruce, the “warlock,” was also a polyglot; it was not for nothing that he was listed at court and performed diplomatic functions there. He knew six foreign languages perfectly. And in Russian (Russian was not his native language) he spoke without any accent.
At the end of the 17th century, Peter the Great, as is known, organized the Great Embassy to European countries. More than two hundred people took part in this trip, mostly young people who were supposed to comprehend sciences and crafts, especially maritime affairs. In addition, the king ordered the purchase of equipment and the hiring of various craftsmen and craftsmen. Young Peter personally summons Count Bruce while in Holland. He needed a count for his upcoming trip to England, because Bruce knew languages very well and was very knowledgeable about the rules of etiquette at the English court. But Bruce arrives very late, and also looks extremely painful, his hand was covered in burns, and the phalanges of his fingers were fused after numerous fractures. The reason for this was a quarrel at court with the head of the secret order. It was he who ordered the torture of the talented scientist Bruce with a hot iron. Peter became so angry that, according to the descriptions of his contemporaries, it was impossible to calm his anger. He wrote to Romodanovsky, in the letter he was openly angry with the head of the secret order. This proves how much he valued the work and personality of Yakov Vilimovich.
His brainchild was a “cabinet of curious things”, which had no equal in the whole country. It was a real museum of all kinds of rarities at home. After the count died, it was decided to move his “office” to the most famous museum in Russia at that time - the Kunstkamera.
Architectural features of the estate
This estate can rightfully be called the oldest in the entire Moscow region. region is generally an interesting spectacle, but this place is truly special. The building of Bruce's house has been preserved in excellent condition, so it will be very interesting for tourists to visit those places. From the outside, the Glinka estate is very typical for its time; it is an elegant and luxurious baroque (although there were also unusual features for such a style). But the interior design will surprise even an experienced traveler. The fact is that Yakov Bruce (the Glinka estate and its maintenance did not interest him too much) always considered himself not so much a landowner as a man of science. Almost every room of the huge house was turned into a laboratory or office for scientific work. It was there that he carried out research in the fields of physics, chemistry, mathematics, natural science, astronomy and so on. All his money, and the count’s salary was decent, he preferred to spend on equipment, books, research instruments and the like. This, perhaps, explains why everyone considered the master to be abnormal at that time, and some even attributed magical abilities to him. He received many nicknames, but the one that stuck most with him was the Unsociable Nobleman.
Of course, sorcerer! And who else could, on one summer day, when by all accounts there should have been sweltering heat, freeze all the ponds? And then put strange devices on your feet and ride on frozen water? And the appearance of the main building, perhaps, only reinforced the peasants’ opinion on this matter. Bruce was originally from Scotland, which is perhaps why the first floor of his house is very reminiscent of a Scottish medieval castle, it is all trimmed with hewn stones of a gray hue. This gave the building a slightly ominous appearance, and to some, the hewn cobblestones in the darkness seemed like the terrible faces of demonic creatures.
In general, the Glinka estate was created in the Baroque style, the richest and most luxurious, which came to Russia from hot Italy. Absolute symmetry, even in the appearance and location of outbuildings, a magnificent park area with a pond in the center and antique statues that greeted those walking along the paved paths. They resembled heroes from ancient Greek legends; Bruce loved art in all its forms. But you already know what happened to the statues.
True, the building itself was also very seriously damaged. The fact is that in those places there was a severe fire in the 19th century, the entire structure could not be saved, only the storeroom and Bruce’s laboratory were preserved in their original form. Everything else you can see only in the form of reconstruction.
Count's House
The Glinka estate belongs to the palace and park type of architectural art. Walking along it, you can see two stone complexes that have survived to this day. One can be called ceremonial, and the other - economic. The front complex includes three wings, as well as the main building - the count's house. The economic territory is not so interesting, as it has undergone many reconstructions in its time.
The house can hardly be called big. For a noble estate, it has very modest dimensions; its base is rectangular in shape. The house, although elegant in design, is very restrained in decoration for classical baroque. The only decorations are arched portals, pilasters, and patterns on the platbands. In addition, you can see demon-like figures carved into the stones of the first floor. On the second floor there are open loggias, where the count loved to breathe the air and admire the starry sky at night. The roof seems to be supported by rows of slender columns, and all this beauty is crowned by a small wooden tower, where the count made his astronomical discoveries.
"Bruce's Laboratory"
From what has come down to us in its original form, the so-called Bruce Laboratory obviously stands out; it is also usually called Peter’s House. This is exactly where a tourist should go first, as the spectacle is very interesting. In essence, this is a small pavilion that complements the estate space. In terms of decoration, it is very reminiscent of what you could see in Peterhof. Arched niches along the perimeter of the external walls preserved space for statues, snow-white pilasters and capitals.
They are not allowed inside now, and perhaps there is no point in going there, since everything valuable from this laboratory, as mentioned earlier, was taken to St. Petersburg, to the Kunstkamera museum complex.
Sanatorium "Monino"
Today, the entire territory occupied by the Glinka estate in Monino belongs to the sanatorium. The nature here is magnificent, and the facility offers excellent recreation and treatment procedures. Therefore, you can visit the estate not only as a tourist thirsty for new knowledge and impressions, but also as a vacationer. The places here are truly wonderful.
The western wing of the complex is now given over to a museum dedicated to the life and work of Count Bruce Y.V. It operates only one day a week, on Sunday, from ten o’clock in the morning.
Location
You don't have to travel too far from the capital, only fifty kilometers. Finding the estate is very simple: just turn onto Monino, driving along Gorkovskoe Highway, then drive through Losino-Petrovsky, and then follow the signs specially placed by the administration of the sanatorium. You definitely won't get lost.
Coordinates
Address: Glinki Estate, Moscow region, Shchelkovsky district, Losino-Petrovsky.
The drive from Moscow is only about an hour, if you don’t get stuck in traffic. A minibus runs to the village of Losino-Petrovsky. From there it is not at all difficult to get to the territory of the sanatorium.
April 12, Shchelkovsky districtYakov Vilimovich Bruce (1670-1735) - Feldzeichmeister General, later Count and Field Marshal General, Peter's inseparable companion on his campaigns and on some travels, settled in Glinki in 1726, where he lived until the end of his life, occasionally visiting Moscow and indulging exclusively in scientific pursuits.
Bruce received an excellent education at home and was especially fond of the mathematical and natural sciences. Yakov Vilimovich Bruce was, undoubtedly, the most enlightened of all Peter’s associates. While composing and translating works, Bruce supervised the progress of the entire printing business in Russia, but most of all his name is known as the author of the calendar, which first appeared in print in 1709 with the “invention” of Vasily Kipriyanov, and “under the supervision” of Yakov Vilimovich . Although he subsequently did not publish calendars himself, he nevertheless can rightly be considered the founder of the calendar business in Rus', since he took the main part in compiling them, imitating mainly German calendars. What remained from him, as a monument to his activities, was a library and a cabinet of various “curious things,” which at that time was revered as the only one in Russia. Before his death, he bequeathed them to the Kunst Chamber of the Academy of Sciences. The composition of both is very diverse: there are books, maps, numbering about 735, manuscripts, instruments, and all kinds of rare objects (about 100).
Glinka is the oldest stone noble estate in the Moscow region. The architectural ensemble of Glinka began to take shape in 1727 - 1735, when Bruce retired and moved to Glinka, granted to him in 1721 for the Peace of Åland with Sweden.
The estate was built in the 20s of the 18th century by a master, unfortunately unknown to us, in the style of palace and park architecture, with features of European Baroque. The estate is a symmetrically planned residential complex with a utility yard, a regular park with ponds and a garden pavilion. The front courtyard, which has survived to this day, is a strictly maintained rectangular ensemble of buildings oriented to the cardinal directions, the main house and three wings. No less interesting than the architecture is the park in Glinki with its regular figured paths, in plan forming interesting complex figures in which Masonic signs can be seen. Now the territory of the estate is occupied by the Monino sanatorium. You can enter the territory completely freely through the central entrance. Several years ago, in the western wing, through the efforts of local historians, the Bruce Museum was opened. Unfortunately, the museum is now going through difficult times due to the redistribution of property and is not working.
Main manor house. The loggia in the central part of the facade is magnificent, the lower tier of which is formed by a rusticated arcade, and the upper tier by slender paired columns. The center of the building is marked by a lantern-turret, where, apparently, Bruce's astronomical observatory was located.
The windows of the lower floor rest on shelves supported by brackets, and are framed on both sides and at the top with rusticated stone with protruding triangles at the top.
The casings of the first floor windows are equipped with spectacular mascarons. According to legend, the masks represent caricatures of nobles of the time who were opposed to Bruce.
The garden side of the house was laid out in general terms similar to the yard side. The columns of the upper loggia collapsed, and in its place there was an open terrace.
The architectural style of the house is continued by other buildings on the estate.
This wing houses the Bruce Museum, now closed.
Entrance to the estate
"Bruce's Laboratory" or "Peter's House" is a one-story park pavilion, a typical example of the Peter the Great's era.
Pilasters with Corinthian capitals
Semicircular arched niches with shells on the facade, where statues were previously placed
Outbuildings and guardhouse
The second floor has been added
Park Alley
Manor pond. According to one legend, in the summer on a small pond, Bruce froze the water and skated, and in the winter, on the contrary, he sailed on a boat.
In the distance you can see the destroyed building of one of the former buildings of the sanatorium. It’s hard to imagine that this is the Church of St. John the Evangelist from the mid-18th century. There will be a separate post about it.
In the Moscow region, in the Monino region, at the fork of the Vori and Klyazma rivers, the Glinka estate is located. These places literally attract tourists with their legends. They are connected with the former owner of the estate, Yakov Vilmovich Bruce.
It all started in 1727 when he retired with the rank of field marshal general and bought himself a small plot of land near the village of Glinkovo in the Moscow region. Jacob Bruce named his residence Glinka. It was no different from the estates of that time: the main building of the palace and the main entrance with wings, a French park with picturesque ponds and a musical gazebo. But there were special rooms in the estate that no one except the owner could enter: an astronomical observatory, a repository of archaeological finds, a chemical laboratory, a scientific library and a collection of curious things. Jacob Bruce spent most of his time here. He studied mathematics and astronomy, history and chemistry. Residents of nearby villages considered the retired general a sorcerer and warlock.
Glinka Estate
Local residents were openly afraid of the estate of Jacob Bruce. Still would! After all, on the facades of the main building there were demonic stone masks. Some smiled, others grimaced terribly. The peasants called them “good” and “evil” masks. All sorts of tall tales were told about Bruce's residence. They say that under the estate there are deep dungeons and secret passages where magical books and treasures of the mysterious Field Marshal General are kept.
After Bruce's death in 1735, Glinka passed from hand to hand. Over the years there was a paper mill, a shelter, a cotton warehouse, and a school. During the Great Patriotic War, a military hospital was located in Glinki. In the 20th century the observatory and library disappeared without a trace. The Bruce family tomb was also lost. But on the walls of the old estate there were masks and the motto on Bruce’s family coat of arms - FUIMUS, which means “We were.”
Today, the house of the Yakov Bruce Museum is opened in the Glinka estate. The masks carved from stone still grin and grimace. Historians claim that one of them is a portrait of the owner of the estate himself. It’s as if Jacob Bruce personally guards his secrets. The estate is visited by hundreds of tourists and adventurers. They dream of finding the famous dungeons and treasures of Jacob Bruce - his witchcraft library.
OBJECT: The Glinka estate is the oldest estate in the Moscow region by the time it was built. Belonged to Yakov Villimovich Bruce. This is where he died. Local residents were openly afraid of the estate of Jacob Bruce. After all, there are demonic stone masks on the facades of the main building. Some smiled, others grimaced terribly. The peasants called them “good” and “evil” masks. Under the estate there are deep places where magic books and treasures of the mysterious Field Marshal General are kept.
LOCATION: At the confluence of the Vorya River with the Klyazma, on the territory of the city of Losino-Petrovsky. The estate buildings are occupied by the Monino sanatorium. Get from Yaroslavsky station to the station. Monino, then bus number 32 to the “Sanatorium” stop. ©MoskvaX.ru
DEATH OF THE 1ST OWNER: In March 1710, Peter I granted the Glinkovo estate to the Englishman Andrei Stels. In 1708, the Stels factory took first place in Russia in the production of gunpowder, and Peter I granted Stels a monopoly on the production of gunpowder. Dissatisfied owners of other factories are buying up all the saltpeter and sulfur. As a result, in 1711 the Stealth plant was left without raw materials and stopped. Without surviving this, Steals died in January 1712, and his relatives sold the Glinkovo estate to Prince Alexei Dolgorukov.
2 OWNER – DEATH OF THE GROOM: Dolgoruky lived in the Gorenki estate, and not in Glinkovo. The peak of the Dolgoruky's successes was the betrothal of Peter II to Dolgoruky's daughter Catherine at the end of 1729. The wedding ceremony was scheduled for January 19, 1730. But on January 6, the emperor was diagnosed with smallpox and on the night of January 19, the wedding day, he died. The Dolgorukys become the first nobles of Russia, and Alexei Dolgoruky sells Glinka to the retired Field Marshal Count Yakov Vilimovich Bruce in 1726 (According to another version, the village of Glinkovo was granted to Bruce on the occasion of the signing of the Peace of Nystadt). ©MoskvaX.ru
OWNER BRUCE: Bruce left both capitals and retired behind a fence and a guard in his estate near Moscow, where he transported a collection of astronomical instruments from St. Petersburg and where he indulged in household chores. Having settled in Glinkovo, Bruce devotes himself entirely to household chores and scientific pursuits. It was Bruce in 1727 - 1735. creates the architectural ensemble of the estate; Bruce subordinates the layout of the main house to the purposes of scientific studies, in particular astronomy.
FOUND OBSERVATORY: Architects V.I., who examined the main house in 1981 Yakubeni and M.G. Karpov established that initially the house was one-story, with a large hall rising above it in the center with loggias to the south and north. The side wings of the 2nd floor remained open areas and were used for working with large astronomical instruments. The northern loggia also remained open. ©MoskvaX.ru
BRUCE'S EXPERIMENTS: According to legend, Bruce made gold from lead and revived the dead. In Glinki, at the height of summer, Bruce froze the water on one of the ponds so that guests could go ice skating. The range of scientific interests of Yakov Vilimovich is not limited to astronomy; he develops problems of practical optics, works on the manufacture of a telescope and spotting scopes, is engaged in finding optimal metal alloys purified from harmful impurities for the manufacture of metal mirrors for telescopes, and develops a method for determining the specific gravity of metals. The specific gravities of gold, silver and copper derived by Bruce have remained almost unchanged to this day. Yakov Vilimovich corresponds with professor of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Johann Leitman and with professor, future great mathematician, physicist and astronomer Leonhard Euler. In the 19th century in Glinka there was a story about how a fire-breathing dragon flew into Bruce’s window at night.
THE ESTATE AFTER BRUCE: After the death of Bruce, the estate was inherited by his nephew, Count Alexander Romanovich Bruce. In 1756, under Alexander Bruce, the Church of St. John the Evangelist was erected, to which a refectory and bell tower were added in 1883. In the 1930s, the bell tower was demolished, and the church was thoroughly remodeled, built into a dormitory building. The building is now partially destroyed, although the altar is closed and it is claimed that services are being held. After the death of Alexander Bruce, the Glinka estate was inherited by his son Yakov. Unlike his famous ancestors, he was not distinguished by any special valor and is known in history not for his own merits, but for the adventures of his wife, Paraskovya Alexandrovna Bruce (Bruschi, as her contemporaries called her) - the confidante of Empress Catherine II. According to the description of contemporaries, Paraskovya Bruce “...was beautiful, educated, unusually dexterous and intelligent, but she was not distinguished by strict morals.” Yakov Alexandrovich, thanks to his closeness to the court and friendship with Catherine, successfully advanced in his career, rising to the rank of lieutenant general. He was a governor in a number of cities, and in 1784-86 - in Moscow. He was known as a cruel, vengeful person, a great formalist and campaigner, who did not disdain the means to achieve his selfish goals. As a governor in Moscow, he began the persecution of a group of Moscow educators led by Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov, which was completed after him by Prozorovsky, who held this position after him, with the complete defeat of this group and the imprisonment of Novikov in the Shlisselburg fortress for 15 years. Because of love rivalry, Catherine quarreled with her favorite and alienated her from the court, prohibiting her from living in St. Petersburg. Having moved to Moscow, Brussha spends most of his time in Glinki, leading a reclusive lifestyle. Here she died at the age of 57. Ekaterina Yakovlevna In 1791, after the death of Alexander Romanovich Bruce's father, 15-year-old Ekaterina remained the only heir to the vast Bryusov estates. According to her father's will, Valentin Platonovich Musin-Pushkin-Bruce, head of the Astrea Masonic Lodge, became her guardian. In 1793, he married his son Vasily Valentinovich to Ekaterina Yakovlevna. The couple's family life was unsuccessful; there were no children. The husband was a big dandy and a spendthrift, led a high-society lifestyle, lived in grand style, burning through his father’s and wife’s inheritance. Realizing that she has been robbed and her family life is not working out, Ekaterina Yakovlevna goes abroad and initiates proceedings for divorce and the return of her estates. The case dragged on for a long time and only upon the accession of Paul I to the throne was it decided in favor of the victim, who received into her possession all the movable and immovable property inherited from her father. In 1815, on behalf of the owner of the estate, the Glinka estate with the villages that belonged to it was sold. Thus ended the Bryusov period of the Glinka estate, and with Yakov Alexandrovich Bruce the Bryusov family in Russia along the male line also ended. Afterwards, the dilapidated Glinka often changed owners. ©MoskvaX.ru
MERCHANTS: Back in 1791, the Kaluga merchant Tikhon Usachev acquired a plot of land on the Vora River near the village of Glinkovo from Yakov Alexandrovich Bruce. Having renovated the premises remaining from the leather factory of Afanasy Grebenshchikov, Usachev equipped them with a stationery factory in 1796. The Glinka factory was considered one of the best in the Moscow province. At the first Russian exhibition of manufactured products in 1829, the best grades of its paper were awarded a large silver medal. At subsequent exhibitions, Glinka's paper was awarded a gold medal. In 1839, Usachev was promoted to manufactory advisor, and in 1840 he was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the City of Moscow.” When in 1815 Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bruce announced the sale of the estate (for 450 thousand rubles), the desire of Ivan Usachev (son of Tikhon Usachev) to get it was quite natural. However, he was not rich enough to afford such huge expenses. In the meantime, a second buyer appeared - the neighboring landowner Fyodor Petrovich Ershov. By mutual agreement, they divided the estate into two parts: the estate buildings and 8,577 acres of land were purchased by Usachev for 300 thousand rubles, the remaining 1,500 acres of land, the villages of Vachutino, Mishukovo, Kabanovo, Gromkovo, Mizinovo and Novaya, along with 650 souls of male serfs - Fedor Petrovich Ershov. Usachev took the money for the purchase on credit from the Moscow banker Okhotnikov for a period of ten years. Time has shown how risky this purchase was for Usachev. In 1822, the banker died. The widow demands payment of debts, threatening to sell the estate at auction. Usachev asks the treasury for a loan of 250 thousand rubles secured by the factory. The assessment commission that visited the site valued the factory at 424,961 rubles. But Usachev was denied a loan and was only given a deferred payment. This matter dragged on for several years. The factory was threatened with bankruptcy. At this time, relatives come to the rescue. In October 1838, Ivan’s brother, Vasily Usachev, formalized the purchase of the factory in his name, saving it from bankruptcy and bailing out his brother from debtors. Probably, the purchase was formalized, since Ivan Usachev continued to manage the factory. However, new problems have arisen: the stationery factory has exhausted its reserves, production is falling from year to year; It is becoming increasingly difficult to provide production with raw materials. Usachev is persistently looking for a way out of this situation. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia did not have its own spinning factories, and yarn for weaving factories was purchased abroad. In an effort to get rid of the import of yarn, the state begins to encourage the establishment of domestic spinning factories. Considering this business more profitable, Usachev in 1846 began converting the stationery factory into a cotton spinning factory. Due to a lack of funds, this work dragged on for ten years, during which the stationery production gradually declined, and the spinning industry increased its pace.
FEAR OF WITCHCRAFT: Since 1853, the Alekseev brothers became the owners of the factory, in 1854 they were replaced by young heirs, and the factory came under the jurisdiction of the Bogorodsk Zemstvo Council. In 1862, the factory and the estate were acquired by the Kolesov company. The Kolesovs did not live in the estate, considering it witchcraft. Their “management” caused irreparable damage to her. The estate park was decorated with sculptures brought by J.V. Bruce from abroad during his trips on orders from Peter I. Merchant Glafira Kolesova saw blasphemy in the naked figures and ordered the sculptures to be broken and thrown into Vorya. Strange: in 1879, the Kolesovs sold it along with the estate to the merchant Yakov Lopatin for 200 thousand rubles - a fabulously low price. After all, in 1822, the factory alone was valued at 425 thousand rubles, and there was also an estate and 348 acres of land with forest. ©MoskvaX.ru
THE MISCELLANEOUS OF THE NEXT OWNER: Lopatin takes measures to put the factory in order. But in 1899, the main manor house burned down from a direct lightning strike, along with all the cotton stocks in it. It was necessary to restore the floors and roof, repair the walls and clear away the rubble. After the renovation, the house remained as a warehouse, only the cotton was replaced with yarn. Before Lopatin had time to recover, on September 7, 1902, the factory burned down along with all its contents. It was impossible to restore the factory; it had to be built anew. Lopatin was unable to do this, and the factory ceased to exist.
DEATH OF THE LAST OWNER: IN 1914 Lopatin sells the Glinka estate with 348 acres of land to the merchant Malinin. He created a sawmill in the village of Kabanovo, transferring the estate and the plant to his son, who traded timber, cutting down the forest he inherited. In 1918, the estate was nationalized. Unable to survive the loss, Malinin’s son, according to the recollections of old-timers, committed suicide. ©MoskvaX.ru
AND NOW THERE IS A SANATORIUM: Sanatorium “Monino”. In 1930, the People's Commissariat of the Food Industry leased the estate complex to build a holiday home. For the first time, a major overhaul of the entire building was carried out, the park was put in order, and the ponds were cleaned. The church was turned into a dormitory. During the war there was a hospital in the estate. Since 1948, this has been the rest home of the Moninsky Worsted Factory. In 1962, while drilling a well, healing mineral water was discovered, and the Monino sanatorium began to specialize in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
ANOMALIES: On the territory of the estate, “dowsing specialists have recorded many interesting anomalies, indicating that underground tunnels and rooms exist under the thickness of the earth. Sometimes the frame begins to rotate, indicating rare anomalous deviations. These are nothing more than powerful energy barriers, the impact of which, unabated over centuries, is extremely dangerous to the health of operators and intelligence officers.
02/03/15 (+ updates)
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.“Glinki” is the oldest estate in the Moscow region by the time of construction, which belonged to the “father of Russian artillery” Yakov Villimovich Bruce (1670-1735), who died here. It is located at the confluence of the Vorya River with the Klyazma, on the territory of the modern city of Losino-Petrovsky, not far from the Monino station. The estate buildings were occupied by the Monino sanatorium.
The architectural ensemble of Glinka began to take shape in 1727 - 1735, when Bruce retired and moved to Glinka.
The Glinka estate is an extremely rare example of civil architecture of Peter the Great’s Baroque for Central Russia.
The village of Glinkovo was granted to Count Bruce on the occasion of the signing of the Peace of Nystadt. After retiring in 1726, Bruce left both capitals and retired from the world behind a fence and a reliable guard in his estate near Moscow, where he transported a collection of astronomical instruments from St. Petersburg and where he indulged in household chores.
Back in the 19th century, there was a story in Glinki about how Bruce, who had a reputation as a magician and warlock, had a fire-breathing dragon fly into his window at night, as well as the belief that “on a hot July day, to the delight of the guests, he turned a pond in the park into skating rink and suggested we go ice skating.” In 1735, Peter's associate died on his Glinka estate and was buried in the German settlement.
Following this, the field marshal's possessions were inherited by his nephew, Count A.R. Bruce, then by his son Jacob, who died in 1791. At the beginning of the 19th century, the estate was owned by his son-in-law, Count Musin-Pushkin-Bruce, head of the Astrea Masonic Lodge. He was in a difficult financial situation and did little about the estate. After his death, the dilapidated Glinka often changed owners. As a rule, these were merchants trying to squeeze more profit out of Bruce's house. As Alexey Grech narrates in the book “A Wreath for Estates”,
“First it was the merchant Usachev, then some landowner Kolesova, who, for the sake of modesty, ordered all the naked Bacchus and Venus that adorned the garden paths to be thrown into the pond. After Kolesova, the estate passed into the hands of the merchant Lopatin, who built a huge factory here. It is reported that the remaining marble figures were used in the dam as rubble. A lightning strike into the house, which Lopatin had turned into a cotton warehouse, caused a devastating fire in it; and so, obeying the superstitious, Lopatin not only renovated it all - however, again as a warehouse, but even restored in it, as best he could, a tower with a clock, of course, an absurd one on the “barn”. Soon the Lopatino factory also burned down, now gaping on the banks of the Vori with the broken walls of its buildings. The spirit of Bruce seemed to hover over the estate, punishing the attitude of the owners towards its antiquity. »
The outlandish architecture of Bruce's home likely reflects his scientific interests. To the north there is an open loggia with paired columns of the Corinthian order, which, it is believed, gave the owner the opportunity to observe the celestial bodies using long telescopes. A similar loggia on the south side (the upper columns collapsed) and open areas in the wings of the second floor, now closed, served the same purpose.
As V. Yakubeni and M. Karpova established in 1981, the house was originally one-story, with a spacious hall in the very center. In this case, the wooden tower built over the house could not serve as an observatory under Bruce. On the second floor there was an office for natural science experiments, equipped with a large fireplace. The keystones are made in the form of demonic masks with protruding tongues. The old interiors were destroyed in a fire in 1889.
The layout of the estate, a new palace style for the Moscow region, is distinguished by symmetry. The author of the project is unknown. In the center there is a cozy manor house of relatively small size. The front courtyard in front of it is formed by three wings, one of which is popularly called the storeroom, and the other is Bruce’s laboratory. One of the wings houses a modest museum exhibition.
The secondary buildings were designed in the same style as the main house. They have not preserved their original appearance: the guardhouse from the time of the first owner was built on, the greenhouse was adapted for housing, the three-story service building was defaced by reconstruction, the stables from Catherine’s time were restored during the Soviet period.
In 1756, the Church of St. John the Evangelist was built at the estate, which was rebuilt intoone of the buildings of the former sanatorium.The building is currently destroyed. The church has not yet been restored. The pearl of this temple was the figured tombstone by I. P. Martos over the grave of Countess Praskovya Bruce; in 1934 it was transported to the Donskoy Monastery. The marble tombstone of "Bruschi" was decorated with the epitaph:
Always grow these flowers on the coffin.
The mind is buried in it, beauty is hidden in it.
In this place lie the remains of a mortal body,
But Bryusova’s soul soared to heaven
The Church of St. John the Evangelist stood here and was rebuilt.
Bruce Ponds
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