The history of the well-known and most popular plant “ onion”Is lost in the mists of time, but presumably they began to grow it in the middle part of South-West Asia, where the centers of the most ancient agricultural culture were found. From here onion through Persia he got to Egypt, Greece, Rome, and later to the countries of Central Europe.
Mentions of him are found in the cuneiform of the ancient Sumerians who inhabited the territory of modern Iraq about 3000 BC, and in Egyptian papyri. Large, peeled onions and bunches of onion leaves were present on the feast tables of the pharaohs, they were placed on the altars of sacrifices, and used for mummification.
Onions were found in sarcophagi, in internal cavities and on the closed eyes of mummies. Images of these plants can be seen on the walls of tombs of the 4th and 5th dynasties in Saqqara and in burials near Thebes (the capital of Ancient Egypt). Onions were the obligatory food of the slaves - the builders of the pyramids, as they served as a preventive measure against many diseases.
Numerous literary sources and works of ancient art tell about the popularity of bows in the states of the Ancient World, where they were used not only as food and medicinal plants, but also as an element of religious rituals with magical effects. Information about the use of onions and garlic in Ancient Greece came to us in the writings of the famous physician Hippocrates, a disciple of Aristotle, the naturalist and botanist Theophrastus, physician and pharmacologist Dioscorides (1st century AD). In the work of Dioscorides "Medicinal substances", onions and garlic are singled out as potent medicinal plants. Homer's epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey contain references to onions and garlic. The bulbs were given to newlyweds. Before the birth of the twins Apollo and Artemis, the goddess Latona improved health thanks to the bow. In the temple of Apollo at Delphi, large onions were donated to the priestess-prophetesses of the Pythias. It is interesting to note that among the ancient Greeks, the bulb was considered a symbol of the structure of the universe. Its juicy scales, concentrically overlapping each other, were likened to celestial spheres, carrying all celestial bodies and attaching to the center of the universe.
In ancient rome onion was considered a means of driving away demons and vampires, and was present in almost every home. However, over time, it became a vegetable of the common people, the patricians considered it indecent to use. The Roman commander Xenophon introduced onions into the daily diet of legionnaires as a means of restoring the strength and energy of soldiers, making them fearless. The ancient Roman physician Claudius Galen, in his famous herbalists, who have repeatedly translated into Arabic, Persian and ancient European languages, called garlic an all-saving remedy for the poor and recommended that they treat asthma, coughs, food poisoning, toothache, etc.
Since ancient times (first millennium BC) onion grown in India, where it was brought by the Aryans when settling in the Indian subcontinent. The Indians were well aware of the beneficial effects of onions on the human body. He is mentioned in the ancient medical treatise "Charvaka-Samshita". However, onions were not eaten because of the pungent smell, but only as a medicine.
In ancient China and Japan, mainly local types of onions were grown. The first Chinese book on medicinal herbs, written around 2600 BC, mentioned sweet onions. The renowned physician Li Shizhen gave a detailed description of more than 1,500 herbal medicines, including those from leafy onions.
However, the flora of East Asia was practically unknown to Europeans until the beginning of the eighteenth century. In the Middle Ages bows cultivated already in all European countries and states of Western and Central Asia. Bulbs of onions and garlic were worn as amulets and were believed to protect from disease, defilement, defeat in and battle, and drive away evil spirits. The onion talisman was in the possession of the English king Richard the Lionheart. Healers and sorcerers used bows to heal and induce damage, and wild garlic served as one of the components of the potion, with the help of which witches became invisible and gained the ability to fly.
The methods of growing onions described in the Byzantine Agricultural Encyclopedia - Geoponics - date back to the tenth century. Ibn Sina (Avicenna), a physician, philosopher and poet of the peoples of Central Asia and Iran, who lived in 980 ~ 1037, wrote in his famous work The Canon of Medicine: “... Onions especially help against the harm of bad water; if you sprinkle purification into it, you can destroy the smell. " Avicenna also pointed out that onion juice useful for dirty wounds, sore throats, and lubricating the eyes with onion juice and honey is useful for thorns.
In Russia, according to a number of researchers, the bow appeared from the banks of the Danube, where the Russian Slavs originally lived, who traded with the Bulgarians and Byzantine Greeks. Vegetables were often traded. In the 12th-13th centuries, the ties of the ancient Russian state - Kievan Rus - with the southern and western Slavs, Byzantium, Western Europe, the peoples of the Caucasus and Central Asia, from where new forms of bows were brought in, spread throughout Russia.
Travelers always took onions and garlic on the road as disinfectants and remedies. There is a record of Archbishop Samuel about Rostov the Great (1777) that the inhabitants of this city get rid of all their troubles with onions and garlic and never require any medicine.
The healing properties of onions are reflected in many proverbs and sayings: "onions from seven ailments", "whoever eats onions, God will deliver him from eternal torment," cookbooks. Onions and garlic served as ingredients in many gourmet dishes. Recipes for onion soup and garlic sauce were invented by the French, lamb stewed with garlic became the national dish of the British, the Germans put garlic in sausages in large quantities.
Onion production has reached an industrial scale in almost all countries of Western and Eastern Europe. Onion culture centers arose, according to the geographical names of which the first varieties were named - Warsaw, Stuttgart, Erfurt, Denver, Rostov, Chernigov, etc. onion varieties by bulb size and yield.
In the 18th ~ 20th centuries, the history of onion cultivation is already the history of agricultural production and the selection of new varieties, as well as the study of the biochemical composition of cultivated onions. However, even now, in remote areas of the Earth, new species are being discovered.
Man has known about this vegetable culture more than five thousand years ago. For the first time they started talking about onions in Central Asia, and after a while in Europe and Russia.
Initially, people used it as a medicine during mass diseases, typhoid fever and plague. When the epidemic began, a bunch of bulbs was hung on the wall so that the disease would not get into the house and was consumed daily. Later, this belief was confirmed by scientific research - phytoncides were found in the vegetable, which destroy viral bacteria.
A little later, they began to use it in cooking. They made additions to meat dishes, salads, preserves, soups, sauces, spices and other food supplies.
Onions are a vitamin that can be eaten all year round, especially in the winter-spring period, when epidemics of various diseases are aggravated.
You can write for hours about how it helps human health, but we note several useful properties, these are:
- rich in iron;
- useful for the cardiovascular system;
- helps the digestive tract;
- has diuretic and hypnotic qualities;
- used to fight cancer cells;
- has an antiseptic effect.
For the body, iron is the basis for hematopoiesis, improving respiration and supporting immunity at the desired level. Therefore, he, like nothing else, will give a person this trace element.
It supports the cardiovascular system by lowering cholesterol levels and improving blood circulation. Plus, it increases metabolism, which helps cleanse the blood and prevents the formation of blood clots, as well as normalizes high blood pressure. Thanks to its stimulation, it is practiced for hypertension, general fatigue and increased potency.
The onion contains soluble fiber, which increases appetite and has a good effect on the gastrointestinal tract. When used regularly, it reduces the risk of stomach cancer and other malignant tumors in the intestines.
In addition, onion juice has a diuretic effect. With the help of it, a lot of toxins and toxic substances are removed from the body.
You can add that onion liquid is used by the nasal method for nasal congestion, thereby replacing various emulsions and aerosols.
Biologists have found folic acid in the composition, which in practice can help improve sleep, suppress depression and improve people's mood - and this is important in order to avoid all kinds of diseases.
As for the antiseptic effect, you can remove the thin skin from the bulb and apply it to the wound. After her, even a scar may not remain if the wound is not large. It is also applied to a sore tooth to relieve a toothache.
Application in cosmetology
Often onion juice is also used as a cosmetic product for hair and face skin care.
It is applied to the scalp when dandruff appears and the hair roots are strengthened, thereby giving them shine and silkiness.
After applying the onion mask to the face, wrinkles can disappear thanks to vitamin C, giving it a fresh complexion.
The negative side of the "traditional healer"
Many people are mistaken that this vegetable crop has only one benefit. There are also contraindications for its use, but they are much less than positive features. But this all concerns a fresh bulb that has not been processed by exposure to fire or water.
Harmful factors are:
- lacrimation;
- unpleasant odor after use;
- exacerbation of gastritis and stomach ulcers;
- kidney stones;
- liver disease.
Tears often appear when slicing. Why? Because during the procedure, gas is released, which, when it reaches the mucous membrane of the eyes, mixes with the liquid and tears are released.
This can be avoided in advance by wetting a knife or vegetable before chopping so that the gas immediately reacts with water.
Another problem is unpleasant odor. The sulfur trace elements contained in the vegetable provoke an unpleasant odor after consumption. You can get rid of it in several ways:
- drink milk;
- rinse your mouth and chew parsley;
- eat walnuts or citrus fruits;
- brush your teeth and chew cardamom grains.
It is not advised to abuse people suffering from ulcers or gastritis. Because acid, by awakening the appetite, can badly affect the stomach lining.
It is also recommended to refrain from kidney and liver stones. Because irritating factors can provoke their accumulation or movement, and this is not pleasant to anyone. You can use onion tincture in small doses, but not fresh.
Output
Having weighed all the positive and negative aspects of this vegetable culture, we can conclude: you can eat it, even need it, but in small quantities and not often. In order not to provoke negative consequences.
Eat to your health!
The bulbs contain organic acids, essential oils with phytoncides that protect us from colds, kaempferol, amino acids, glucose, trace elements, vitamins B1, B2, B6, PP, E, a lot of vitamin C, there are micro and macro elements: boron, cobalt, manganese , molybdenum, copper, nickel, rubidium, fluorine, chromium, phosphorus, silicon, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, chlorine, sulfur (it is she who is responsible for the pungent smell), flavonoids and the plant hormone glukinin (a natural remedy for lowering the level blood sugar).
The onion belongs to the genus of aromatic herbaceous plants. As many as 228 types of onions are eaten. In the onion family, there are several varieties, which differ not only in appearance, but also in taste:
White onions have a white husk, the taste is soft, slightly sweet.
- sweet onions are somewhat larger than usual and have a thinner husk, such onions are harvested in spring and this is a seasonal product
- red onions are more spicy in taste and not as pungent as usual
- shallots are the most piquant of all types of onions, but after heat treatment they become very delicate in taste and even slightly sweetish.
- leeks, unlike their counterparts, do not have a bulb and are a thick, overgrown stem of white color with green flat leaves. Leek has a pleasant spicy taste.
Useful properties of onions
To get a sufficient amount of nutrients that heal the body, it is necessary to use different varieties of onions, because each is valuable in its own way.
1. Onion juice is natural antibiotic that protects against colds ... Phytoncides will fight sore throat viruses and strengthen the upper respiratory tract. They kill a large number of microbes, including streptococci, dysentery, diphtheria and tubercle bacilli. For the treatment and prevention of colds and flu, it is good to sniff chopped onion slices several times a day. With vitamin deficiency, onions are very useful, they are able to satisfy the human body's need for vitamin C, besides, this vitamin helps to increase immunity.
2. Fresh onion juice promotes sperm production , increases sexual potency ... Onions are such an affordable aphrodisiac that even in ancient Egypt they called them "the musk of the poor." The ancient Roman writer Pliny the Elder stated: "The bow also pushes sluggish men into the arms of Venus." And in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, onions, as a powerful aphrodisiac, were forbidden in monasteries: it is not appropriate for monks and nuns to experience carnal desires!
3. In addition, the "turnip" activates metabolism, promotes hematopoiesis and blood purification, stimulates digestion processes, removes excess fluid from the body... Quercitin in onions is cancer-fighting and is used in oncology. If you have a headache, trying to sniff a piece of raw onion instead of swallowing a pill helps a lot of people.
4. Green onion leaves are rich in carotene, which takes care of the well-being of our skin ... Onions are used in folk medicine and for cosmetic purposes - to cleanse the face of stains ... To get rid of freckles, it is good to wipe your face daily with a fresh onion, cut in half.
5. Leeks lack a pungent smell and taste, which, however, does not at all affect its healing properties. Onions are rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and magnesium, making leeks very nutritious and healthy. And you can recognize it by its thickened white leg and wide flat leaves, which are used for food. This bow has the ability purify blood so it is useful to apply it for the prevention of atherosclerosis : a mixture of onion juice and honey in a 1: 1 ratio, one tablespoon 3 times a day one hour before meals for a month.
6. Shallots are made up of several small onions combined into one. Shallots are juicier, softer and more aromatic than onions. It is characterized by a peculiar, specific, fragrant aroma. Shallots are used medicinally as anti-inflammatory agent ... Scientists have discovered a high content of flavonols in shallots, which prevent cancer , it is useful to eat for the prevention of this serious disease.
7. The bunch of onions has distinctive fist-like leaves. It does not form a real bulb, so only leaves are eaten. The onion has all the properties of onions. And it contains even more vitamin C than onions. Batun is famous for the good disinfectant properties .
8. Scientists say that by eating 150 grams of onions per day (about one large onion or a bunch of batuna), we get half the daily value of vitamins A and C and a fifth of the norm of potassium and calcium, which improve heart function and are a building material for the skeletal system of the body.
9. The onion contains more sugars than apples and even pears. But even if you often go on diets, you should not rush to delete this vegetable from your diet. The bow is also great fat burner ... There is even a special onion diet, during which it is recommended to eat onion soup every day.
10. The bow serves as pain reliever for wasp stings ... To do this, you must immediately rub onion juice into the bite site. With ear inflammation Onions can also be used to relieve pain: 3 times a day for half an hour, apply a compress to the ear from steamed finely chopped onions wrapped in gauze. Such compresses are also used for abscesses, inflammations, and long-healing wounds. Fresh onion juice is great remedy for rheumatic pains, edema, hair loss, shingles, dandruff ... To do this, you need to rub the problem area with it.
11. Doctors believe that onions are a good adaptogen, that is, helps to adapt to changing time zones ... It is not out of place to know about this, first of all, for pilots and flight attendants. Of course, it's hard to imagine an elegant, smiling flight attendant spreading the smell of onions around her. But when the flight is complete and there is time to rest, why not use such a simple and effective tool?
Contraindications
You should not get carried away with eating onions for people suffering from pancreatitis, gastric ulcer and intestinal ulcer, increased excitability of the nervous system. People with diseases of the kidneys and liver, heart, should eat onions with caution so as not to exacerbate the disease.
Interesting facts about onions
Onions have been known for over 6 thousand years. It is believed that his homeland is Southwest Asia, from where the onion spread to Egypt, Greece, Rome.
Today, about 400 species of onions are known, a little more than half of them grow in our country.
The ancient Sumerians and Egyptians called onions the plant of the gods and believed that the entire earthly world was arranged according to the model of a multi-layered onion. In ancient Egypt, onions were a symbol of energy and immortality, so they were eaten in large quantities. Boiled in salted water, it formed the basis of nutrition for the poorest strata of the population of Central and Asia Minor, the Mediterranean countries, as well as for the builders of the Egyptian pyramids who lived three thousand years before the new era. The slaves who erected the pyramid of Cheops were fed daily with onions so that they retain their stamina, health, strength, and hence their working capacity.
The ancient Greeks valued onions as a medicine, but they rarely added them to food, considering it the food of the common people because of its pungent smell. The Roman legionaries used a lot of bow, believing that it makes the warrior fearless. Gladiators massaged the muscles with onion oil to firm up the muscles. Olympic athletes ate onions during training.
In the era of the Crusades, the importance of the bow was so great that the French exchanged their captives with the Saracens, giving 8 onions per person. It is no coincidence that the famous physician Ibn Sina (Avicenna) dedicated one of the first chapters to the bow in his treatise "The Canon of Medical Medicine". In Kiev and Moscow Russia, onions were grown everywhere. Along with bread and kvass, it was the main food for peasants and artisans. Since ancient times, onions and garlic in Russia (and among many other peoples) have been considered the best remedy for "sticky diseases and pestilences" (from diseases transmitted "by the wind").
According to the Guinness Book of Records, the largest onion ever grown weighed 6 kilograms and was grown in England.
Golden onion
Round, cast.
She has one secret -
She will save us from troubles:
Can cure ailment
Delicious and fragrant onions!
Of course, you know what a bow looks like. Onions we call small, golden-yellow, round-shaped bulbs. If you cut the onion with a knife, you will notice thick, juicy white scales - these are onion leaves.
The golden film covering them from above does not let water through and protects the leaves from drying out. Succulent scaly leaves extend from a pyramid-shaped stem. At the bottom of this stem, small dried roots are visible. Buds are also visible between the scales - the embryos of future bulbs.
If you sow an onion seed, then a root and a stem will grow from it, which forms a loop on the surface of the earth, a little resembling a stretched bow in shape. Maybe that's why this vegetable came to be called onion.
After a while, green tubular onion leaves, which are called feathers, appear on the garden bed. Green onion feathers resemble sharp arrows, they are very fragrant and contain many useful vitamins. They are put in salads, vinaigrette and soups, eaten with black bread and salt.
Small golden bulbs form in the ground. By autumn, they become large and juicy. They are stored all winter, and in the spring they are planted in the beds to obtain seeds.
A tall, dense stem, decorated with small umbellate inflorescences, rises from the bulbs. Put together, they form a small ball. Each flower in this inflorescence resembles a tiny lily, which is why the onion belongs to the lily family.
Other plants also have underground bulbs: tulips, daffodils, lilies, garlic, and goose onions.
In the first year of life, the onion stores in its shortened stem - the bulb - nutrients, and in the second year it uses them for growth and flowering.
Where did the bow come from?
Wild onions are found in Eastern and Western Siberia, the Far East, the Caucasus, Afghanistan and China. In this country there are mountains, completely overgrown with wild onions. They are called so - onion mountains.
Afghanistan and Central Asia are considered the birthplace of onions.
About 6-7 thousand years ago, onions began to be cultivated in China, and then in India and Egypt. Archaeologists have found the image of the bulbs on the walls of ancient Egyptian tombs.
In ancient Greece, onions are considered a sacred plant. He was presented as a gift to the gods. On the days of the festivities, everyone tried to bring the largest onion to the temple, and those who succeeded received an honorable gift.
From ancient Greece, the bow came to the Romans. In ancient Rome, this vegetable was universally loved. Each Roman ate his own portion of onions annually. It was believed that this vegetable gives energy and protects against disease.
In the army of Ancient Rome, a lot of onions were put in the soldiers' food to give the soldiers strength and courage.
And in medieval Europe, people attributed miraculous properties to onions. Knights wore it as a talisman to protect against arrows and swords. When a person wanted to be praised or exalted, he was compared to a bow. Perhaps that is why one of the varieties of onions is called "victorious onion."
Onions appeared among the Slavic peoples in the XII-XIII centuries. In Russia, the following sayings were made about him: "Onions, bread and water are good food"; "Onions are good both in battle and in cabbage soup."
Why do you think?
Right! Because onions make a person stronger, healthier, stronger!
Onions are one of the staples, it is considered a universal remedy that protects and cures all diseases.
Russian peasants said: "He who eats onions is freed from torment"; "Onions and baths rule everything." The healing properties of onions are explained by the fact that it contains special substances - phytoncides, which have a detrimental effect on pathogenic bacteria. When a saucer with finely chopped onions is placed at the patient's bedside, he is recovering faster. Onion juice diluted with water can cure a runny nose if you bury it in your nose.
In addition, onions contain minerals and vitamins.
The people came up with the following riddle about the bow: “Grandfather is sitting, dressed in a hundred fur coats. Whoever undresses him sheds tears. " Indeed, when you peel and cut onions, tears spontaneously flow from your eyes. This is because the onion begins to release volatile substances that irritate the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes.
We usually cry when we or our loved ones have trouble or grief. But here we can just cry from the pain in our eyes. In a figurative sense, by "onion grief" we mean petty sorrows, troubles, or griefs that do not deserve tears. "Gorem onion" is also called an unlucky person, for whom everything goes awry.
What kind of dishes are cooked with onions?
Fresh onions are put in vinaigrette, salads. Fried in a skillet until golden brown, add to soups and stir-fries.
Listen to poems.
Pungent onion
If we chop the onion finely,
On the board with a knife: "knock-knock!"
It will sting our eyes -
A tear will fall on them.
Tears will flow in a stream
We will pay. But what about?
We won't cry in pain
Not from grief, even more so.
It was not a disease that caused tears,
And the usual pungent onion!
Onion goryushko
Offended Vanechka -
They didn't give him a gingerbread.
Our Vanya rubs his eyes,
Tears pouring in vain.
Let's calm Vanechka -
Let's give him a gingerbread.
- This is your bitterness -
Woe onion!
It's bitterly empty
Not worth a tear!
Listen to the tale.
Magic bulb
In the morning, Nastya was sitting at the kitchen table and was going to drink sweet tea with a pie. The pie was incredibly tasty! Yesterday my grandmother baked a whole dish of these - with meat, cabbage, rice and jam.
In the evening, the parents returned home tired, hungry and instantly swallowed delicious pies. There was only one left on the platter - with meat. It was for them that the girl was going to have breakfast. Yes, it was not so! As soon as Nastya brought the pie to her mouth and wanted to bite off a piece, the phone rang. The girl in surprise dropped the pie on the floor. I must tell you that at that time the puppy Rolik was sleeping on the rug under the table. He did not ask Nastya for handouts, but nevertheless he hoped that, perhaps, he would receive something. When the puppy saw that a pie appeared right at his nose, out of nowhere, he immediately, without a moment's hesitation, swallowed it!
- A-ah! - Nastya roared loudly, and tears, round as peas, poured from her eyes. - I dropped the cake, and the Roller ate it. What will I drink tea with now? - the girl muttered sobbing.
A large wicker basket full of golden onions hung from a nail in the kitchen. One, the largest, Onion heard Nastya crying and quietly asked the girl:
- What happened, baby? Why are you crying?
- I, I ... - Nastya was dumbfounded for a moment from surprise. - I'm crying because ... And who are you? She asked.
- I am a magic bulb. If you want to get a better look at me, go to the basket of onions and immediately notice me, ”Onion said.
Nastya immediately stopped crying, climbed onto a stool and looked into the basket.
The girl recognized the Magic Bulb at once: she was completely round, in a gold cloak pinned with an emerald hairpin, and with a cheerful, smiling face. The girl took the Onion in her hand and felt how warm it was.
- Well, why did you cry? Onion asked again.
Nastya explained to her.
- It's nothing! - said the magic Onion importantly. - Should I be upset because of such trifles? Yes, and shed tears in vain! Your grief is not real, but onion! Believe me, old Onion-sorceress!
- Why "grief onion"? - Nastya was surprised. She had never heard such an expression.
- Yes, because when the onion is cut, tears flow from people. Not from grief-sadness-sorrow, but simply from the smell of onions. So they say - grief is onion, which means it is trifling, nonsense, fake. Instead of roaring, be glad that Rolik got a tidbit!
“Yes, I’m glad,” the girl said uncertainly.
And the magic Onion continued:
- Make yourself a cheese sandwich, have some tea and go for a walk. And put me in my place, in a basket of onions. I'll still be useful to you!
Answer the questions
Who baked delicious pies?
Who ate the last pie?
Why did Nastya cry?
What did the magic Onion that lay in the basket say to her?
How do you understand the expression "woe is onion"?
Listen to the poem.
Onion mow
Red girls
They knit the onion into plaits.
The braid will come out golden
Very thick, thick.
We'll hang a bow in the kitchen -
He will drive away the flies.
Barely shrouded in a white cloud of bird cherry petals, a cuckoo bites in the forest, it's time to sow onions.
Onions are harvested in September. It is braided in braids and stored all winter until spring. No wonder they say: "Holo, bare, and there is an onion in the cabbage soup."
Answer the questions
What does a bow look like?
Where does the bow come from?
Why was onion valued in ancient times?
Why does onion have healing properties?
What are the beneficial substances in onions?
What dishes are cooked with onions?
What day is popularly called "bow day"?
Project work
All about onions
Completed:
grade 1A students
MKOU "Zalininskaya secondary school".
Project Manager:
primary teacher
Davydova N.A.
2016year
Content
Preparatory stage.
Identifying the problem. Setting goals and objectives.
Relevance
Planned result.
The main stages of work:
The main stage. (research)
Where did you come fromonion
Basic information about onions.
Variety of onions
The healing properties of onions
Onion.
Proverbs, sayings, riddles, poems, fairy tales.
The final stage.
Output. Summarizing.
Bibliography.
Application.
Presentation
Folder "Dishes from onions."
Folder "Medicines from onions"
I .1 Identifying the problem. Setting goals and objectives.
In winter and spring, people often get colds. In February of this year, we had a quarantine at school: our class did not study for more than a week due to the fact that most of the children fell ill. How could this have been avoided? It was possible to do prophylaxis, for example, eat green onions.
This winter we wanted to grow green onions in our class. For our work, we have chosen a goal: to try to grow green onions on our own, find out and collect information about this plant, collect interesting facts, proverbs, sayings and much more about onions. We took the bulbs and put them in boxes filled with sawdust. The boxes were placed closer to daylight. The very next day, small green feathers began to appear. They have grown. This is how we managed to grow green onions in our class for the first time.
We became interested in what the onion is useful for, why people love it so much. To answer these questions, we looked for information on the Internet and encyclopedias, asked adults. We made thiswork plan .
Collect information about the origin of the onion, its diversity.
Learn about the healing properties of onions.
Collect riddles, proverbs, sayings, poems, fairy tales about onions.
Collect onion recipes.
Find out what diseases and how you can cure with the help of onions.
2. Relevance
The project is aimed at expanding and generalizing knowledge about cultivated garden plants, how to care for plants, and understanding the importance of vegetables in human life. Every year, many children see their parents plant onions, harvest them in autumn, and use them for various purposes. But we have never thought: how does an onion grow, what conditions are necessary for its growth? And how is it useful? When carrying out joint activities - planting onions, all the children showed a desire to help, plant them themselves. An idea arose to implement the All About Onion project, and invite the children together with the teacher to plant an onion, observe how and how quickly it will grow into a feather.
3. Planned result.
1. Children will learn to plant and care for onions and get acquainted with the conditions of its cultivation, learn about the benefits of onions.
2. Children will get acquainted with literary works about onions, with how onions are used in cooking and medicine.
4. The main stages of work:
STAGE 1 - preparatory.
Place the onions in containers. Collect riddles, proverbs, sayings, poems, fairy tales about onions. Collect culinary and medical recipes with onions.
STAGE 2 - main (research).
Monitor the growth of the onion, conduct experiments. Establish connections: plants - earth, plants - water, plants - people. In the process of research, acquaint children with fiction about onions: sayings, poems, fairy tales, riddles. Conduct classes, conversations.
STAGE 3 - final.
Analyze and summarize the results obtained in the process of research activities of children.
To arrange an exhibition of drawings about onions, hand-made articles from onions.
II .Main stage. (research)
1. Basic information about onions.
Onion- and herbaceous plants belonging to the subfamily ... Scientific Latin name was given , comes from the Latin name , and this, in turn, is probably associated with the Celtic word- burning ; another version - comes fromLatin word-smell .
There are more than 900 species in the genus that grow in ... Representatives of the genus grow in meadows, steppes, forests.
Representatives of the genus have a large flattened-spherical, covered with reddish, white or purple membranes. Perennial (cultivated species are sometimes biennial) bulbous or with almost undeveloped bulbs herbaceous plants, have a sharp onion (or garlic) odor and taste
Blooms in June-August.
Seeds are angular or round. Fruiting in August-September.
Chemical composition.
Bulbs contain nitrogenous substances (up to 2.5%), various(10-11%) (,,,),,, and his,, various, salts and,, and, A (3.75 mg%), (60 mg%), (50 mg%), (0, 20 mg%), (10.5-33 mg%), and with a pungent special odor, irritating and nose. The main constituent of the essential oil is disulfide and other sulfides, the main part of which, en C 6 H 12 S 2, contains a lot.
2. Where did you come from? onion
Onion - one of the most ancient vegetable plants. It has been cultivated for five millennia. Onions are known all over the world, and they came to us from Asia, where ordinary shepherds were the first to eat onions. At first it was believed that only green shoots can be eaten, but over time, vegetable bulbs were also consumed.Onion cultivation began in ancient China and then spread to India. At that time, trade was actively developing, so the onion migrated to Egypt, where it became simply a cult plant, as evidenced by numerous frescoes and sculptures.The remains of an onion were found by archaeologists inEgyptian pyramids, and on the sarcophagi and walls of buildings - a variety of his images. Since time onions have been brought to Greece, where they are considered to be a cure for all diseases. The warriors of Ancient Greece anointed their muscles with onions before important competitions, believing that the bow would become their reliable assistant. In Rome, onions were actively used for intestinal problems.
Since olden times, onions have been grown and cultivated in Russia.Old Russian cuisine widely used onions for cooking and seasoning from it. Foreign travelers and diplomats who were in Russia noted that the majority of Rusyns consume such spicy dishes that it is impossible to eat them. Onions became the staple food of commoners in Russia. Bread and kvass and raw onions are the main foodstuffs for peasants, artisans, and soldiers. The people, of course, could not know in those days about the phytoncidal properties of onions, which have a beneficial effect on increasing the body's immunity, its resistance to diseases. In one old Russian herbalist there is such a description of the healing properties of onions: “It is pleasant to soften the womb, but it induces thirst and destroys the stinking spirit from the mouth ... when taken internally, it works excellently for weak stomach and poor digestion, convulsions of hysterical women, mucous and convulsive shortness of breath, water and stone disease. During the prevailing infectious diseases, it is very useful to add onions to breakfast food, to make soups from onions with the addition of salt, pepper, and a little vinegar. "
3. Variety of onions.
There are also sweeter varieties, such as Spanishand red onions are great for use in
salads.
SHALOT
Shallot has a delicate sweetish aroma and
is a source of the same vitamins as onions
onion.
GARLIC
Garlic heads have a white, almost papery
husk, sometimes with a pinkish or purple tint.
LEEK
Leek tastes more delicate thanonion
and garlic
GREEN ONION
Green onions or salad onions are unripe onion
onion with an underdeveloped bulb, it is harvested when
the green feathers are still quite fresh.
SHNITT BOW
Chives or chives are a fragrant herb with
tiny onions, eaten only
green feathers. Their purple-pink flowers too
edible and nicely decorate salads.
4.Healing properties of onions
Onions have long been considered a powerful remedy for disease.In ancient Greece, according to the ancient Roman physician Pedanius Dioscorides, onions were recommended for stimulating appetite and “as a cleansing agent”. The Romans and Greeks attributed to the bow the ability to excite inexhaustible vitality, energy, courage and used it in large quantities in the food of warriors.
The healing properties of onions were also known in the countries of the Ancient East., where they said: "Bow, in your arms every ailment passes." Ancient slavsused it for many diseases, and in the years of severe epidemics in the huts they hung bundles of onions. "Onion from seven ailments" - said the Russian proverb.
During the Middle Ages, the bow was so popular and so people believed in its healing and protective power that they used it as a talisman capable of protecting from an evil eye, the spell of a sorceress, arrows, wounds with a sword, spear, halberd. Knights, clad in impenetrable metal armor, wore an onion on their chests.In the Middle Ages, people believed in the ability of the bow to protect against arrows and swords. Medieval knights wore a simple onion on their chest as a talisman.
Nowadays, scientists have discovered that onion volatiles are phytoncides - are detrimental to many pathogenic and putrefactive bacteria.The discovery of phytoncides belongs to the famous researcher Academician B.N.Tokin. It was he who first noticed that the volatile substances of pounded onions have a detrimental effect on yeast cells. Many scientists are now working to develop a kind of onion that does not cause tears. But the fact is that this special taste and smell of onions has a beneficial effect on the human body. So onions that do not cause tears will have a completely different taste and smell. It has been noticed that people working in greenhouses, where green onions are grown all year round, rarely get colds and flu, even during the most severe epidemics.
It is known that chewing onions for three minutes is enough to kill all bacteria in the mouth. It is also recommended to eat raw onions for vitamin deficiencies and for the prevention of influenza. Greens of onions contain many useful substances, especially vitamin C. 100 g of green onions will satisfy a person's daily need for this vitamin. Fresh onion improves digestion and improves nutrient absorption. Two centuries ago, onions were used in the treatment of typhoid, flu, scurvy, decreased vision, impotence and other diseases, as well as wounds, burns, and hair loss.
5. about onions.
Onion (Allium) is a genus of biennial and perennial plants belonging to the subfamily
Onions.
The Latin scientific name - allium - was given by Karl Linnaeus and comes from the Latin name for garlic, and it, in turn, according to one version, is associated with the Celtic word all - burning; another version derives the name from the Latin halare - to smell.
In the genus Onion there are more than 900 species that grow in the Northern Hemisphere.
Representatives of the genus grow in the steppe, meadows, and forests.
228 types of onions are vegetables.
It is difficult to establish the homeland of the bow. Most researchers believe that the bow
comes from Southwest Asia.
There are very ancient - from the Bronze Age - evidence of the use of onions in Europe.
The Babylonian collection at Yale University contains three small clay tablets, which are the first cookbooks we know of. They describe "a culinary tradition that is striking in its richness, grace and craftsmanship," with many of the aromas and flavors that are familiar to us today. It turned out that in Ancient Mesopotamia the whole onion family was simply adored. The Mesopotamians widely used not only common onions, but also leeks, garlic and shallots.
The onions and garlic were known as early as 3000 BC. NS. The historian Herodotus, who lived in Ancient Greece 2500 years ago, noted that there was an inscription on how much garlic and onions were consumed as food for the workers. It read: "1600 talans of silver were spent on onions and food for the slaves."
Archaeologists found an image of a bow on the tomb of Tutankhamun, dating back to 1352 BC. NS.
It is known that 5000 years ago, onions were grown in,.
The bow was necessarily included in the provisions of noble knights in the Middle Ages, during the Crusades. The French exchanged their captive compatriots with the Saracens, paying eight onions per person.
The onion came to America thanks to the expedition of Christopher Columbus, at first it was planted on Isabella Island, and then spread throughout the mainland.
If we calculate the consumption of onions per capita, then Libya becomes the world champion, where, according to the UN, the average citizen eats more than 33 kg of onions per year. “We add onions to everything,” say the Libyans. In second place is Senegal, whose inhabitants consume on average about 22 kg of onions per year. Residents eat somewhere around 9.3 kg per person per year. But the residents, whom the British traditionally consider "onion eaters", actually cost a modest 5.6 kg per person.
In India, no meal is complete without onions. Fluctuations in the cost of an onion are noticeable to every ordinary person. The political weight of onions is due to the fact that this vegetable is an integral part of the life of almost every Indian home. Perhaps the most significant case of this kind was in 1998, when analysts linked the defeat of the ruling BJP in the Delhi elections to a rise in the price of onions.
The widespread onion got its name from its external resemblance to.
The leek is one of the national symbols of Wales. In the 6th century, according to legend, the bishop and educator David of Welsh, during the battle against the Saxons, which took place on the onion field, urged his soldiers to attach leeks to their helmets to distinguish their comrades-in-arms from enemies. Therefore, on March 1 every year, the people of Wales celebrate a national holiday - St. David's Day.
Onions contain more natural sugar than apples and pears. Onion wedges contain 6% sugar. When browning, when caustic substances have evaporated, the onions become sweet.
Onions are a great fat burner. There is even a special onion diet, during which you need to consume onion soup.
People say that onions are from seven ailments. It has been noticed that people working in the greenhouse where green onions are grown, even during the most severe epidemics, do not get the flu.
The onion serves as a pain reliever for the bite, and. To do this, you need to immediately rub onion juice into the bite site.
It is scientifically proven that substances that cause the taste, smell and tears from onion processing can fight cancer cells.
Riddle: "A grandfather is sitting, dressed in a hundred fur coats, who undresses him sheds tears." The reason for this tearing onion lies in a special substance - lacrimator (from the Latin lacrima - tear). When the onion is cut, the lacrimator is released and dissolves in water and, in particular, in human tears. This produces sulfuric acid, which irritates the mucous membrane of the eye. And now it is clear why the onion is peeled by wetting it or a knife with water - the lacrimator dissolves in water and practically does not escape into the air. If the onion is frozen before peeling, then the activity of the lacrimator also sharply decreases.
Onions improve appetite, assimilation of food, increases the body's resistance to infectious diseases.
Onions have bactericidal and antiseptic properties, fight viruses and accumulate the life-giving energy of the earth.
Onions can be used to treat bites. To do this, simply attach a chopped onion to the bite. It will draw out poison, reduce swelling and speed up skin healing.
Onion juice is a highly effective cough syrup, but it can be frustrating to consume this way. Therefore, when coughing, it is better to put a piece of the onion in your ear. Thus, the onion juice will enter the bloodstream and relieve the unpleasant cough.
Onions bring down the temperature. If your child has a high fever, cut the onion into rings and soak it in apple cider vinegar. Then, with the help of socks, we apply the bow to the feet. It is worth putting pieces of onion in your ears. The fever from such a medicine subsides very quickly..
6. Proverbs and sayings about onions
III .The final stage
1. Conclusion.
Our experiment showed that chives grow well in a bright and warm place from small bulbs. The children enjoyed growing green onions. This is a rewarding and exciting activity. Several children continued to grow green onions at home in order to make tasty, healthy meals with them, and not get sick.
Children got acquainted with the history of the bow, its diversity, what value it has for people. We learned how to plant onions “on greens” and take care of them. Using a microscope, we examined the cells of the onion and found out why the eyes are watery from the onion. Collected proverbs, sayings, riddles about onions. We found out that there are many tales about this vegetable.
Green onions help fight winter-spring ailments: colds and flu, and other diseases. If you use onions constantly, and especially in the cold season, no diseases will be scary!
The work was done
students of grade 1 A of MCOU Zalininskaya secondary school:
Agarkov Vladislav
Agarkova Ksenia
Biryukova Angelina
Biryukov Rodion
Grebennikov Ivan
Drozdov David
Evglevsky Yan
Karnaukhova Anastasia
Daniil Kolenchukov
Lebedko Arseny
Mishin Alexander
Pashkova Anna
Bad Arina
Olga Plokhikh
Sadirova Jasmina
Simonenkova Sofia
Dmitry Sogachev
Sogachev Ilya
Timokhin Ivan
Tkachuk Ekaterina
Project Manager : primary school teacher
Davydova Natalia Alexandrovna.
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