The population of modern Russia lives mainly in the cities. In pre-revolutionary Russia, rural population prevailed, urban dominates (73%, 108.1 million people). Night until 1990, in Russia there was a permanent increase in urban populationcontributing to the rapid increase in its specific gravity in the population of the country. If in 1913 the share of urban residents accounted for only 18%, in 1985 - 72.4%, then in 1991 their number reached 109.6 million people (73.9%).
The main source of steady growth of the urban population in the Soviet period served the influx of rural residents in the city due to the redistribution between and agriculture. An important role in ensuring the high rates of the annual growth of the urban population plays the transformation of some rural settlements to urban with a change in their functions. To a much lesser extent, the city's city population grew due to the natural growth of the population of cities.
Since 1991 For the first time in many decades in Russia began reducing the number of urban population. In 1991, the number of urban population decreased by 126 thousand people, in 1992 - at 752 thousand people, in 1993 - by 549 thousand people, in 1994 - by 125 thousand people, in 1995 . - 200 thousand people. Thus, for 1991-1995 The reduction was 1 million 662 thousand people. As a result, the share of the country's urban population decreased from 73.9 to 73.0%, but by 2001 it rose to 74% with the number of urban population 105.6 million people.
The greatest absolute reduction in the urban population occurred in the central (387 thousand people). Far Eastern (368 thousand people) and West Siberian (359 thousand people) regions. At the rate of reduction intensity, Far Eastern (6.0%), northern (5.0%) and West Siberian (3.2%) areas are leading. In the Asian part of the country, the absolute losses of the urban population as a whole are more than in European (836 thousand people, or 3.5%, compared with 626 thousand people, or 0.7%).
The growth trend of the urban population was preserved until 1995. Only in the Volga, Central Chernozem, Ural, North Caucasus and Volga-Vyatka districts, and in the last two areas of the urban population for 1991-1994. It was minimal.
Maintenance causes of reducing urban population in Russia:
- the changed ratio of migration flows arriving in urban settlements and dropping out of them;
- in recent years, the number of urban-type settlements in recent years (in 1991 their number was 2204; by the beginning of 1994 - 2070; 2000. - 1875; 2005-1461; 2008 - 1361);
- negative natural population growth.
Russia imposed its mark not only to the ratio of urban and rural population in the territorial section, but also on the structure of urban settlements.
Population of the cities of Russia
The city in Russia can be considered a settlement whose number exceeds 12 thousand people and more than 85% of whose population is occupied in non-agricultural production. The functions are distinguished by the city: industrial, transport, scientific centers, resort cities. The population of the city is divided into small (up to 50 thousand inhabitants), the average (50- 100 thousand people), large (100-250 thousand people), large (250-500 thousand people), the largest (500 thousand. - 1 million people) and Millionaire City (population of over 1 million people). G.M. Lappo highlights the category of semiconductors with the number of residents from 20 to 50 thousand people. The capital of the republics, edges and regions perform several functions - these are multifunctional cities.
To the Great Patriotic War in Russia there were two millionaire cities, in 1995 their number increased to 13 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Volgograd, Omsk, Perm, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, Ekaterinburg, Ufa, Chelyabinsk).
Currently (2009) in Russia there are 11 millionaire cities (Table 2).
A number of the largest cities of Russia, which have a population of more than 700 thousand, but less than 1 million, - Perm, Volgograd, Krasnoyarsk, Saratov, Voronezh, Krasnodar, Togliatti are sometimes referred to as submillioners cities. The first two of these cities that were at one time millionaires, as well as Krasnoyarsk are often called millionaires in journalism and semi-official.
Most of them (except Togliatti and partly Volgograd and Saratov) are also interregional centers of socio-economic development and attraction.
Table 2. Millionaires of Russia
In large cities of Russia, more than 40% of the population lives. Multifunctional cities grow very quickly, satellite cities appear next to them, forming urban agglomerations.
Millionaire cities are centers of urban agglomerations that additionally characterize the humanity and significance of the city (Table 3).
Despite the advantages of large cities, their growth is limited, as it arise difficulties in providing cities with water and housing, supplying the growing population, preserving green arrays.
Rural population of Russia
Rural settlement is the distribution of residents in the countryside in rural areas. At the same time, the rural area is considered the entire territory located outside urban settlements. At the beginning of the XXI century. Russia has about 150 thousand Selic settlements in which about 38.8 million people live (census data 2002). The main difference between rural settlements from the city - the occupation of their inhabitants is predominantly agriculture. In fact, in modern Russia, only 55% of the rural population is engaged in agriculture, the remaining 45% work in industry, transport, non-productive sphere and other "urban" sectors of the economy.
Table 3. City agglomeration of Russia
The nature of the settlement of the rural population of Russia varies in the natural zones depending on the conditions of economic activity, national traditions and customs of those living in those regions of peoples. These are villages, stages, farms, aules, temporary settlements of hunters and reindeer breeders, etc. The average density of the rural population in Russia is approximately 2 people / km 2. The highest density of the rural population was marked in the south of Russia in the Pre-Bureau (Krasnodar Territory - more than 64 people / km 2).
Rural settlements are classified depending on their size (population) and functions performed. The average size of the rural settlement in Russia is 150 times less urban. In size, the following groups of rural items are distinguished:
- the smallest (up to 50 inhabitants);
- small (51-100 inhabitants);
- average (101-500 inhabitants);
- large (501-1000 inhabitants);
- the largest (over 1000 inhabitants).
Almost half (48%) of all rural settlements of the country are the smallest, but they live 3% of the rural population. The greatest share of rural residents (almost half) live in the largest settlements. Rural settlements in the North Caucasus differ in particularly large sizes, where they spread over many kilometers and are up to 50 thousand inhabitants. The share of the largest settlements in the total number of rural is constantly increasing. In the 90s of the XX century. The villages of refugees and temporary immigrants appeared, cottage and country villages grow in the suburbs of large cities.
According to the functional type, the overwhelming part of rural settlements (more than 90%) is agricultural. Most non-agricultural settlements are transport (near railway stations) or recreational (near sanatoriums, rest houses, other institutions), also industrial, logging, military, etc.
Inside an agricultural type, settlements are highlighted:
- with a significant development of administrative, serving and distribution functions (district centers);
- with local administrative and economic functions (rural administration centers and central estates of large agricultural enterprises);
- with presence of large agricultural production (crop crews, animal farms);
- without manufacturing enterprises, with the development of only personal subsidiary farm.
At the same time, the size of settlements is naturally decreasing from rural regional centers (which are the largest) to settlements without industrial enterprises (which are usually small and the smallest).
Scattered at different parts of a large country. Millionic cities are the center of attraction of millions of tourists from all over the world, migrants, students and workers. Statistics on the population consists of an annual census of the population by Rosstat. It is worth noting that only citizens are indicated in the population that constantly live in the territory of a city. The following are the most populated cities in Russia.
1. Moscow
Moscow is the largest city in Russia, both in terms of size and in the area. The population of 12,330,126 people inhabit both sides of the city's water highway - the Moscow River. The capital of the state - Moscow is the most multi-national city of Russia: Migrants, students, workers and tourists go here from all over the country.
Ten facts about Moscow:
- major international economy and trade center;
- large industrial knot of the country;
- one of the best and largest educational centers for Russian and passage students;
- a large number of research institutes are located in Moscow;
- more than 50 directions in religion;
- major cultural and historical center of the European part of Russia;
- the largest transportation of the country: 3 river ports (Moscow in Soviet times was called the "port of 5 seas"), 9 railway stations, 5 airports with directions in all corners of the planet;
- Moscow is a "zero kilometer", all roads lead here;
- tourist center of the country;
- the capital is included in the "five" cities of the world in the number of dollar billionaires living in it.
Petrograd, he is Leningrad Ile Peter in short - it is located along the powered flow of the Neva River and its coastal granite. Many poems are composed of a beautiful city located between the Ladoga and the Nevsky Lip of the Gulf of Finland, which in the Baltic Sea. This large city is shrouded in secrets and legends. Walking along his streets, go through the streets of Dostoevsky, Gogol or Tsvetaeva. Population It is 5,225,690 people with a population density of 3631 people. On a square kilometer with a total area of \u200b\u200bthe city of 1439 km².
Ten facts about St. Petersburg:
- northern Venice is the second name of the Northern Capital due to the huge number of large and small rivers, tributaries and canals and similarity with Venetian streets;
- Petersburg is listed in the Red Book on the overall length of the tramway in the urban feature - it is 600 kilometers;
- the deepest metropolitan in the world, the depth of some stations is up to 80 meters;
- "White Nights" is one of the main attractions, attracting tourists to the cultural capital;
- in St. Petersburg there is the highest cathedral in Russia - Petropavlovsky, whose spire height is 122.5 meters;
- Hermitage - the world famous museum who attracts tourists from all over the planet, has the length of its corridors 20 kilometers, and the tourist who wants to familiarize themselves with all the exhibits of the museum, take several years to fulfill this mission;
- the question that is asked by each tourist in the city - what is the total number of bridges in St. Petersburg? 447, such is the figure in the register of Mostotrest, serving city bridges;
- Peterhof is a miracle of engineering. Fountain Park, which was broken back in Petrovsky times, but to this day none of the fountains have a pumping unit, but only a thoroughly thought out pipeline;
- Peter himself "chooses" residents, and not a resident chooses it. The crude and wet climate of the city, which is very gray and foggy, will be able to withstand not every person;
- the architecture of St. Petersburg is similar to the architecture near the countries of the European Union - Tallinn with the Estonian side and Helsinki from the Finnish side.
3. Novosibirsk
The city was awarded the last place in the top of the most populated cities in Russia. It is the center of the Siberian Industry and Trade, Research and Research and Educational Activities, Cultural and Business and Tourist Resporas. The Siberian capital is home for 1,584,138 people, while the city's area is only 505 km².
Novosibirsk is a city with a very developed infrastructure and economy, and it is a point of attraction for migrating from nearby cities, regions, republics and even neighboring states.
Five interesting facts about Novosibirsk:
- The longest metro is located in the capital of SFO;
- the Opera and Ballet Theater in Novosibirsk is a theatrical structure, which is the first largest in Russia and the second in the world;
- street planning is itself and parallel and perpendicular, forming 2 intersections;
- the city is located the only museum of the Sun;
- novosibirsk Akademgorodok is a major educational and research center in the SFO.
4. Ekaterinburg
Ekaterinburg, early Sverdlovsk, ranks 4th among the cities of Russia, whose population exceeds a million people (1,444,439 people with a total area of \u200b\u200bthe city of 1142 square kilometers). The Trans-Siberian Highway and six large car trails pass through this huge transport and sorting center, which occupies a huge niche in the logistics of Russia. Ekaterinburg is an industrial city with developed industry in a variety of spheres, starting with an optical-mechanical ending with an easy and food industry.
5. Nizhny Novgorod
Bitter until 1990, or "Lower" in common, a millionth city and auto-giant in the Volga Federal District. Based during the times of Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, Nizhny Novgorod, spread on both sides of the Oka, today has a population of 1,266,871 people and is the fifth in numbers in Russia. The area of \u200b\u200bthe city is only 410 km², but the major seaport is concentrated here, the largest automaker, a concern, which is engaged in the manufacture and release of military equipment, an aviation plant and shipbuilding. In addition to development in the industry, Nizhny Novgorod is famous for its Kremlin and an extraordinary architecture. This is a wonderful city for tourism. Even the most sophisticated traveler will be delighted with Nizhny Novgorod beauty.
Square of 425 square kilometers with a population of 1,216,965 people and a population density of 2863 people per square kilometer. The capital of Tatarstan has its own Kremlin and a rather rich architectural heritage, which encourages the tourism of Russians and passage residents. Kazan is not just a beautiful and large city, but also a center for international trade and economics, education, tourism with an interesting historical past.
The population of Chelyabinsk in 1191994 people accounted for 530 kilometers square, which is a density of 2379 people per kilometer square. "Stern city", as it is called a joke, has a lot of funny stories and facts: meteorological hyperionic brick, Kaganovichgrad, forest in the city center, Chelyabinsk meteorite, Stalin in Chelyabinsk prison ... Interested? Then the time is to go to Chelyabinsk with the excursion!
An important and fairly large industrial and transport center, where the refinery is also located in Russia and abroad. The significant city of Omsk and for tourists: Assumption Cathedral for foreigners to be listed in the list of "main attractions in the world", and the Vatican Okunevsky sanctuary is included in the number of holy places of world importance. The population of the administrative center-capital of the Omsk region is 1 178,079, while Omsk Square is only 572.9 572 km².
Millionaire city, early had the name Kuibyshev, is known for its historically important places, which have become a landmark: Iversky Women's Monastery, Lutheran Kirch, Catholic Temple of the Most Holy Heart of Jesus, Cathedral Square - Now Kuibyshev Square is the first in size in Europe and the fifth in the world. Every year, hundreds of thousands of residents of the country goes here to the Pershinsky festival of the Bardov song. The population of 1170910 people live in the city whose area is 382 km.kv.
10. Rostov-on-Don
Rostov, the people called "Rostov-Pope" - the city of federal significance for the south of Russia. He is big, beautiful, noisy. Often cuts the ear phrase: "Rostov-Dad, Odessa-Mom" is a historically established expression - both cities were criminal capitals competing with each other. With a rather small area of \u200b\u200bthe city, 348 kilometers square, the population of Rostov is 1,119,875 people. and takes 10th place in the ranking of the largest cities of Russia in terms of population.
Russia. The expanses of this state have no end and start. In Russia, as actually in any modern country, there are cities. Small, medium and even cities with a million population. Each city has its own story, and everyone has different.
Every year sociological studies are conducted in settlements, mainly this is a census of the population. The overwhelming majority of cities are small settlements, especially the sections of Russia, where the settlement is not so intense. The ranking presents ten youngest, but cities of the Russian Federation.
Cedar city. 2129 people
The cedar city is located in the Tomsk region and is very little known. Located in a pine forest, its purpose is a settlement for employees of oil stations.
Built cedar in the eighties of the last century. This whole city consists almost one of the five-storey houses. Surprisingly: several five-story buildings in pine. Probably, its inhabitants do not complain about smells of exhaust gases and the noise of cars. 2129 people - the population of the city of cedar.
Island city. 2065 people
Murmansk region. Located on the coast, close to Yokang Islands (Barents Sea). What the most interesting is, almost the city is a ghost. It occurred only about 20% by people. There are no car trays to the city. Railway branches too. You can get only on water or by air. Previously, as those who are still there remained, the plane flew, and now - only helicopters and then occasionally. If you look at from afar, then the city is quite large, but if you know its population, it will be difficult to believe. In total, 2065 citizens live in this dying city.
City of Gorbatov. 2049 people
Approximately 60 kilometers from Nizhny Novgorod. The city of truly ancient, information about it was first fixed in 1565. Before he began to die, produces (and produced earlier) ropes, ropes and other similar things for the marine fleet.
Studies were conducted, and the results would say that 2049 people now live in the city. In addition to ropes and ropes, gardening in this city is also very well developed. There is also a souvenir plant.
City of Fleet. 1984 people
Refers to the Ivanovo region. There is information about it, which comes from the annals of the Novgorod monasteries (1141), this information is the first. Some sources say that this city has once had its own fortress, but when it is still not clear. The population falls, and the city will probably continue to attract their legend of tourists.
On modern cities, it does not like: there are no five-story buildings, transport communications. Looks like an ordinary village, only more. The population is 1984 people. Industry enterprises does not have the city.
City Primorsk. 1943 people
He, just, the buildings are more modern. Reminds a small prong, apparently built according to the same standards. Located in the Kaliningrad region. Before the war belonged to the Germans, but was captured in the 45th year of the Red Army.
His name acquired two years after capture. Now 1943 people live in it. As far as is known, you can get to it with ease. Before the city belonged to the Soviet Union, he was called Fishhausen. From 2005 to 2008, he was listed as a village of urban-type Baltic urban district.
City of Artyomovsk. 1837 people
In the last century, about thirteen thousands were registered (in 1959). The population began to fall rapidly. It is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, about 370 kilometers to the center. It has the kind of a large plant in the mountainous area.
It is located in the fifth place in the ranking of the smallest cities of the Russian Federation. This city was founded in 1700, it was previously called Olkhovka, as it was surrounded by trees of this species. Now is located as part of the Kuraginsky district. The population falls, at the moment it is 1837 people. Engaged in the forest industry, as well as mining gold, copper and silver.
Curilsk city. 1646 people
1646 people live in this city and Kurilsk is located on the island of ITUURUP. Refers to the Sakhalin region. Aina had once lived here - this is a native tribe. Later, this place was settled by the landlocker of Tsarist Russia. Something resembles a resort village, although the climate for recreation is very inappropriate.
The terrain of Mountain, which adds more picturesque places to Kurilsk. Engaged predominantly fish farming. In 1800, he was captured by the Japanese and only by 1945 he was taken by the fighters of the Red Army. The climate is moderate.
Verkhoyansk city. 1131 people
This city is the northernmost settlement in Yakutia. Very cold climate, several dozen years ago, the air temperature was registered here, which was about -67 degrees Celsius. Winter is very frosty, windy.
For this city, a small amount of precipitation is characterized. In 2016, his population was 1125 people, and in 2017, as the last census of the population, he was added to 6 people. This city was built as Cossack Zimolier.
City of Vysotsk. 1120 people
It was built as a port. Located in the Leningrad Region (Vyborg District). He moved into possession of the Soviet Union only at the beginning of the forties of the last century, and before that she belonged to Finland. Performs a strategic role, as the seaside base of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation operates here. The population of the city of Vysotsk is, according to the latest data, 1120 inhabitants. Located Vysotsk in a very convenient place for the border troops, right on the border with Finland. The port also has an oil function.
The city of Chekalin. 964 people
Tula region, Suvorov district. In the first place in the ranking of the smallest cities of the Russian Federation. In 2012, they wanted to recognize the village, but residents of the city began to protest and the status was left. Other, old name - Likhvin.
During the war, Likhvin was renamed Chkalin. The fact is that at this place the Nazis executed the partisan, who was then only sixteen years old. He received the title Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. Despite such a small population, which is only 964 people, in 1565 (the year of its foundation) occupied an area of \u200b\u200babout 1 square mile.
About 147 million people - it is so many people living in Russia today. How many are women, men, children and retirees among them? What nations are the most numerous in the country? What features are the rural and urban population of Russia? Let's try to answer all these questions.
Population of Russia: a bit of dry numbers
The Russian Federation is the first country in the world in Square and the ninth - in the population. The main demographic indicators of the state (as of 2016):
- 146 544 710 - Population of Russia (as of January 1, 2016);
- 1.77 - the total fertility coefficient (for 2015);
- 18 538 - the increase in residents of the country for the first 11 months of 2016;
- 8.57 people / sq. km. - average population density;
- 20-24 years - the average age of the first child (for women);
- more than 200 nations and ethnic groups live in modern Russia.
Accounting for the population in the Russian Federation
Most fully and accurate demographic picture of the country allow these censuses of the population. This information helps analyze the dynamics of general demographic indicators in the state or its specific region.
Population census is a laborious and unified process of collecting, systematization, analysis and processing data on the population of the country or region. This event is carried out on the basis of the principles of confidentiality, universality and strict centralization of the entire process.
The first in the history of Russia universal was carried out in 1897 under the leadership of the scientist and geographer P. P. Semenova-Tyan-Shanskaya. In the Soviet times, residents of the country "calculated" nine times. After the collapse of the USSR, the census of the population in Russia was held twice - in 2002 and 2010.
In addition to the censuses, the accounting of demographic indicators in Russia is conducted by Rosstat, territorial offices of regulations, as well as passport tables.
Modern demographic atmosphere in Russia
The total population of the Russian Federation: almost 143 million people and another 90,000 citizens stay abroad. These are the data of the last census of the population conducted in the country in the fall of 2010. Compared to the correspondence of 2002, the number of residents of Russia decreased by more than two million.
In general, the modern demographic situation in Russia can be characterized as a crisis. Although the "extortion of the nation" is still early. Moreover, in recent years, a positive natural population increase (although insignificant) is recorded. The life expectancy in the country increases. So, since 2010, it has grown from 68.9 to 70.8 years.
According to the most pessimistic scenarios, by 2030, the population of Russia will decrease to about 142 million people. According to the forecasts of demographers-optimists, its number will grow up to 152 million inhabitants.
Sex and age structure of the population
According to the latest census, women in Russia by 10.8 million more than men. And this "abyss" between the floors is only expanding every year. The main reason for such a situation is an increased mortality among male mature (able-bodied) age. Moreover, more than half of these deaths occurs due to diseases of the cardiovascular system.
The modern age composition of the population of Russia is:
- group of children and minors (0-14 years): 15%;
- citizens of working age (15-64 years): 72%
- pensioners (over 65 years): about 13%.
Ethnic population
In accordance with the current Constitution, Russia is a multinational state. The latest census data is once again confirmed by this thesis.
So, in Russia for more than two hundred nationalities and ethnic groups. The most numerous nation in the country is Russian (about 80%). However, they are dispersed in the territory of the Russian Federation rather unevenly. The least Russians in the Chechen Republic (no more than 2%).
Other nations whose number within Russia exceeds one percentage:
- tatars (3.9%);
- ukrainians (1.4%);
- bashkirs (1.2%);
- chuvashi (1%);
- chechens (1%).
Citizens of the Russian Federation speak several hundreds of languages \u200b\u200band various dialects. The most common ones are Russian, Ukrainian, Armenian, Belarusian, Tatar. But 136 languages \u200b\u200bon the territory of modern Russia are under a serious threat of complete disappearance (according to the UNESCO International Organization).
Rural and urban population of Russia
Today in Russia there are 2386 cities and more than 134 thousand 74% of the country's inhabitants live in cities, 26% - in villages and villages. The rural and urban population of Russia differ greatly on ethnic, age-age, level and method of life.
In modern Russia, there are two surprising way, it would seem that not combined trends. On the one hand, the country in the country is rapidly reduced by the number of villages, felt in verses and prose "Rural Russia" gradually dies. On the other hand, the country is characterized by the so-called disurbishment (in the range of 0.2% per year). Russia is one of the few states of the world where people actively move out of cities in the village at a permanent place of residence.
As of the beginning of 2016, the number of urban population of Russia is almost 109 million people.
Cities of Russia
If no less than 12,000 people live in the settlement, provided that 85% of them are not employed in agriculture, it can be considered a city. All the cities of Russia on population are divided into:
- small (up to 50,000 inhabitants);
- medium (50-100 thousand);
- large (100-250 thousand);
- large (250-500 thousand);
- the largest (500-1000 thousand);
- "Millionnies" (with a population of over one million people).
To date, the list of millionaire cities of Russia consists of 15 titles. And in these fifteen settlements, almost 10% of the population of the Russian Federation is concentrated.
Many large cities of Russia are developing very quickly, racing satellite settlements and forming urban agglomerations with sustainable economic and social relationships.
Villages of Russia
In Russia, five types of rural settlements stand out:
- villages;
- villages;
- farm;
- stitsa;
- auly.
About half of all rural settlements of the country belong to the smallest (whose population does not exceed 50 people).
Traditional gradually dying. And this is one of the most painful demographic problems of modern Russia. Since 1991, about 20 thousand villages and villages have disappeared from the state of the state. Impressive and terrible digit!
The last census conducted in 2010, once again proved sad statistics: only names and empty houses remained from many Russian villages. And the speech here is not only about the villages of Siberia or the Far East. Just a few hundred kilometers from Moscow, you can find newly abandoned villages. The saddest situation is observed in the Tver region, which is located just in the middle between the two capitals of the country - Moscow and St. Petersburg. Large migrations in these two promising metropolis in combination with high mortality rates lead to the extinction of dozens of small settlements.
Why does Russian village die out? There are many reasons, although they are all closely interrelated. The lack of work, normal medicine and infrastructure, total disabilities and the impossibility of self-realization chase residents of villages in large cities.
The population of Crimea: the total number, national, language and religious composition
Within the field of the Republic of Crimea, 2.3 million people live as of early 2016. During 2014-2016, about 22 thousand people migrated to the mainland Ukraine from the territory of the Peninsula (by political reasons). For the same period of time, at least 200 thousand refugees from the cities covered by the war and villages of Donbass were moved to Crimea.
The population of Crimea is representatives of 175 nationalities. The most numerous among them are Russians (68%), Ukrainians (16%), Crimean Tatars (11%), Belarusians, Azerbaijanis and Armenians. The most common language on the peninsula is Russian. In addition to him, here you can often hear Crimean Tatar, Armenian, Ukrainian speech.
Most of the population of Crimea professes Orthodoxy. As well as Uzbeks and Azerbaijanis are adherents of Muslim religion. Local people of Karai and Crimea - Judaists in their religion. To date, there are more than 1,300 religious communities and organizations on the peninsula.
The level of urbanization in the republic is quite low - only 51%. In recent decades, the total number of rural has increased significantly at the expense of the Crimean Tatars, which at this time actively returned to their historical homeland and settled mainly in the villages. Today in Crimea there are 17 cities. The largest of them (in Sevastopol, Kerch, Evpatoria and Yalta.
Conclusion
26% / 74% - this ratio is estimated to be the rural and urban population of Russia today. In the state, the mass of acute demographic problems, to the solution of which should be used comprehensively. One of them is the process of extinction of villages and small cities in modern Russia.
Almost all residents of our country are known that Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation, and the second in the population is the city of St. Petersburg - the Northern "Capital". And what other cities enter the TOP 10 in the population in our country - Russia. For the third place, two cities are constantly fighting, which periodically replace each other in this position - this is the Ural capital Ekaterinburg and the Siberian capital Novysibirsk. The population of these cities varies in the area of \u200b\u200bone and a half million people. Also in the TOP 10 such cities - Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Samara, Rostov-on-Don, the number of which is more than one million people. All these cities belong to the cities of millions of the Russian Federation. Also, this category of cities, in addition to the above, includes such cities - Ufa, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Voronezh, Volgograd. Another 21 city of our country has a population from 500,000 people to 1,000,000. Other cities of the mills have a smaller population.
Moscow. 
The capital of the Russian Federation with a population of 12,330,126 people. The largest city is not only Russia, but also in the world, where he takes 10th place. The city was founded in 1147. Located on the Moscow river. The largest city in Europe. 
St. Petersburg. 
Northern, cultural "capital" with a population of 5 225 690. The second largest population is the city of Russia. The city-hero, which was in the blockade of 872 days during the Great Patriotic War. Until January 26, 1924, Petrograd was named, until September 6, 1991, Leningrad. It was founded in 1703 by order of Peter the First. The third city of Europe in terms of population.
Novosibirsk. 
Siberian capital with a population of 1,584,138 people. The third population of the city of Russia, the largest in Siberia. Founded in 1893, the status of the city received 1903. Until 1925, Novo-Nikolaevsk was called.
Yekaterinburg. 
The capital of the Urals with the population of 1,444,439 people. Based on November 7, 1723. From 1924 to 1991, Sverdlovsk named. During the reign of Catherine, the Siberian tract was laid second through the city - the main road to the riches of Siberia - Yekaterinburg became the "window to Asia", like St. Petersburg - "Window to Europe".
Nizhny Novgorod. 
Closes the five cities of Russia in terms of population - 1,266,871 people. The city founded 1221 - one of the oldest cities of our country. 1932 to 1990 wore the name bitter.
Kazan. 
Capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. Population 1 216 965 people. Based on the city of 1005. The largest tourist center.
Chelyabinsk. 
Population 1 191 994. Founded 1736. The largest industrial center of the country.
Omsk. 
City of Siberia with a population of 1,178,079 people. Founded in 1716. The second city in Siberia in terms of population. Located on the merger of the rivers Irtysh and Om.
Samara. 
Population 1 170 910. Founded in 1586. From 1935 to 1991 began the name Kuibyshev. The city has the highest railway station in Europe. In Samara, the longest embankment in Russia.
Rostov-don. 
Population 1 119 875 people. The city was founded in 1749. The city is located on the Don River. The city is called the "goal of the Caucasus", the southern capital.
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