What is the lowest temperature in Brazil in winter. Climate zone of Brazil. Warm climate conditions in Brazil

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Brazil is in the Southern Hemisphere and the seasons are reversed compared to the Northern Hemisphere. The seasons in Brazil are distributed as follows:
Spring from September 22 to December 21
Summer from December 22 to March 21
Autumn from March 22 to June 21
Winter from June 22 to September 21

Most of Brazil's territory lies in the tropical zone, and only its southernmost tip lies in the subtropical zone. Its location at low latitudes determines a large amount of solar radiation in the country and high average annual temperatures, which range from 14.7 to 28.3°. These temperatures gradually decrease from north to south, and monthly and daily temperature amplitudes increase. Fluctuations in absolute temperatures are explained by differences in the physical and geographical conditions of individual areas: terrain height, direction of prevailing winds, air humidity, the presence of tracts of tropical forests that prevent overheating of the soil and contribute to lower temperatures, or the absence of forests. Throughout the country, with the exception of some areas of the Northeast, a significant amount of precipitation falls - more than 1000 mm per year. For tropical Brazil, the difference in average temperatures between the coldest and warmest months is no more than 3...40.

Precipitation is distributed unevenly throughout the year. There are two seasons: dry and rainy. The climate varies from constantly humid equatorial in the west of Amazonia (average annual temperature 24...26°, precipitation falls 3200 mm or more per year) to subequatorial with a dry period of up to 3 - 4 months in the east of Amazonia and on the adjacent slopes of the Guiana and Brazilian plateaus ( 1200-2400 mm of precipitation). For the Brazilian Plateau up to 24° S. w. Characterized by a subequatorial climate with hot (22...28°) and humid summers and warm (17...24°) dry winters. In the center of the plateau and in the Pantanal lowland there is a subequatorial summer-humid climate (1200-1600 mm of precipitation) with large daily (in the center of the Brazilian plateau up to 25°) and monthly (in the states of Santa Catarina and Parana up to 50°) temperature amplitudes. The interior northeastern regions of the Brazilian Plateau, surrounded on all sides by high serras and chapadas, are particularly arid and irregular in precipitation. In normal years, precipitation here ranges from 500 to 1200 mm. Long droughts are common in this area. During wet periods there is such heavy rainfall that it causes devastating floods.

In the east of the Brazilian Plateau, the climate is tropical, hot and humid (800-1600 mm of precipitation per year, and on the eastern slope of the Serra do Mar - up to 2400 mm per year). Altitudinal zones are expressed in the mountains. The Paraná Plateau, north of the Tropic of South, is characterized by a constantly humid tropical climate. On the lava plateau south of the southern tropic there is a constantly humid subtropical climate, characterized by hot summers and cool winters (average July temperature 11...13°, frosts up to -5...-8° are possible), average annual temperatures are 16... .19°, and seasonal temperature amplitudes increase towards the south. Precipitation falls from 1200 to 2400 mm per year, and is distributed evenly throughout the year. The climatic conditions of Brazil are favorable for growing almost all agricultural crops, and the absence of cold seasons allows you to get two, and some crops (in particular, beans) 3-4 harvests per year.

Brazil is a huge country, most of whose territory is located in the tropics. The climate in some of its regions is very diverse, but mostly hot. Let's look at the weather features and find out how the climate of Brazil changes by month.

Features of weather conditions in Brazil

The extension of the territory has led to the identification of six different types of climatic conditions in the country:

As you can see, each of these climatic zones greatly influences the weather conditions of a certain area and causes the formation of characteristic flora and fauna. A large area of ​​Brazil is influenced by an equatorial and tropical climate.

Summer. Climate of Brazil from December to March

At a time when snowstorms are raging and frosts are cracking, Brazil is warm and humid. This is due to the fact that the seasons there are directly opposite to the European seasons. Brazilian summer begins on December 22 and lasts until This time of year here is characterized by heavy rainfall and warm air temperatures. The thermometer in December shows an average temperature of +33 ˚С during the day and +25 ˚С at night. Average temperatures are 3-4 degrees lower. And in its central part they are +29˚С during the day and +19˚С at night.

The heat subsides at the end of January, and February is no longer so hot. The average daily temperature can vary from +27 ˚С to +32 ˚С depending on the area. As mentioned, during the winter months, Brazilian weather is characterized by high humidity. In December there are 15-25 rainy days.

This air helps warm the water on the coasts. At this time, the indicator can reach +29 ˚С.

Autumn. What is the climate like in Brazil from April to June

Brazilian autumn begins on March 22. can be described as moderately hot. In the northeast, the average daytime temperature is about +29˚С, and in the central part of the country this figure is 1-2 degrees lower. Accordingly, at night the thermometer reaches +23˚С and +17˚С.

In April and closer to May, average temperatures drop another few degrees. The water in the seas is still warm - +27 ˚С. Rains can last 10-20 days in one month.

Brazilian winter (July-September)

The beginning of the Brazilian winter is June 22. It lasts until September 21. At this time, there is a significant decrease in air and water temperatures. This becomes especially noticeable in the southern part of Brazil. Frosts can occur here from July. The average temperature in July, June and August ranges from +11 ˚С to +15 ˚С at night and from +25 ˚С to +27 ˚С during the day. In the southern regions, temperatures during the day can drop to +17 ˚С.

The quantity at this time decreases significantly. In September there are usually 3-5 rainy days.

Spring. Climate of the country from October to December

September 22-December 21 is the period of the Brazilian spring. The hot and dry season is approaching. In the northeastern regions of the country, the average daytime temperature ranges from +32 ˚С to +34 ˚С. In the center of Brazil, the same figure is + 30˚С. Night temperatures can vary from +11 ˚С to +25 ˚С depending on the area. On the coasts of the country the climate is milder, not so hot and there is more rainfall.

The tourist season begins in October and lasts until March, when Brazil's hot climate fully shows itself. Photos of travelers who have visited this tropical country are striking in their colorfulness. The picturesque nature, formed against the backdrop of such specific weather conditions, makes this country very attractive to tourists.

In South America, the largest state by area is the Federative Republic of Brazil. It ranks fifth in the world. Located in the center and eastern part of the mainland. The length from north to south is 4320 km, from east to west - 4328 km. Area - 8512 thousand km 2.
Brazil has borders with Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. The land border is 16 thousand km, and the coastline is 7.4 thousand km. In the east the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. It has several islands that are included in its territory.
About 40% of the country's territory is plains and lowlands. North and east - the Amazonian lowland, it gradually turns into the Guiana Highlands.
The Brazilian plateau is located in the center and south of the country. River valleys and mountain ranges pass through it: Sierra da Mantiqueira, Sierra do Mar and Sierra Geral with a height of up to 1200 m, but there are peaks reaching 2200 m (Mount Bandeira - 2890 m, Nedra Acu - 2232 m) .
The south and southwest of the country is a swampy area, part of the Laplata Lowland, nicknamed the Pantanal.
Brazil is home to 10 rivers included in the list of the longest rivers in the world. The Amazon is the largest navigable river on the planet, passing through the north of the Brazilian plateau, and in the south through the plateau - the Uruguay and Parana rivers, in the west through the plateaus - the river. Paraguay and tributaries of the Parana. It is believed that it contains 20% of all fresh water on the planet. A huge part of the river area is occupied by swamps and jungles.
The San Francisco River flows through the east of the country, and the northeast and eastern part are fed by rivers originating in the Atlantic Ocean.
As a rule, all these rivers have dangerous rapids and waterfalls, the most famous of them is Iguazu on a tributary of the river. Parana and on the Urubupunga River itself and Seti Quedas, Paulo Afonso on the river. San Francisco. Some sections of the rivers are navigable.
Brazil is one of the leaders in timber reserves, since 38% of Brazil's entire territory is forest. The territory is home to equatorial forests, savanna woodlands, dry shrubs, evergreen deciduous and mixed forests. There are more than 20 national parks in total.

Climate of Brazil

Spring in Brazil lasts from September 22 to December 21, summer from December 22 to March 21, autumn from March 22 to June 21 and winter from June 22 to September 21.
The climate ranges from humid equatorial to seasonally humid subtropical. The temperature in January is from 23 to 29° C, in July - from 16 to 24° C. A very large amount of precipitation falls per year - over 1000 mm.
Residents of Europe find it extremely difficult to withstand the climate of Brazil. High temperatures, humidity in coastal areas, abundance of precipitation - all this affects well-being and time spent. In the warmest month - February - the temperature in Rio de Janeiro is +26° C, and in the coldest month (July) - +20° C.
Summers in the Brazilian highlands are warm and humid, winters are cool and dry. The temperature in winter is about 19-26°C, and precipitation occurs only at high altitudes, where the temperature is about 19-18°C.
Snow rarely falls in the state of Sao Paulo and in the mountains of the southern states. Cold cyclones cannot reach the continent because they warm up over coastal waters. Precipitation in the Amazonian lowland amounts to 1800-2300 mm per year, usually in showers.

Impenetrable jungles, winding deep rivers, exotic animals, warm seas and the most famous beaches - this is how the description of Brazil usually sounds. It is also one of the largest countries in the world in terms of area, a leader in the cultivation of coffee and sugar cane. Want to know more? In this article we will talk about the main characteristics of Brazil.

General information

The Federative Republic of Brazil is one of the largest states in the world. With an area of ​​8,515,770 km², it occupies approximately 5.7% of the Earth's total land area. Where is Brazil? It is located on the continent of South America. From the east and partly from the north, the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Apart from Ecuador and Chile, it borders all countries on the mainland.

Brazil is inhabited by 212 million people. Formerly a colony of Portugal, it is now one of the few countries in the world where Portuguese is the official language. The country gained independence in 1822 and has been pursuing an independent path since then.

Brazil's favorable climate for agriculture, subsoil rich in minerals, and a skillfully built economy have made it the most developed among the Mercosur countries, and throughout Latin America. The republic exports coffee, orange juice, sugar, soybeans, iron ore, niobium, steel, shoes, produces cars, aircraft and computer equipment.

Climate of Brazil

The country has equatorial, subtropical and tropical natural zones. Although this is too rough a division. In general, Brazil's climate can be described as hot and humid, with a national average temperature of 20°C. However, even within one natural zone it varies greatly and changes from northwest to southeast.

In the Amazon lowland area, conditions remain virtually unchanged throughout the year. Average temperatures fluctuate by a maximum of 2-3 degrees and remain at 24-26 °C. Air humidity in this region is extremely high (80-98%), and downpours last 18 days a year, continuing from season to season.

This type of climate covers the entire coast, but here it is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Precipitation is half that of the Amazon, and temperatures range from 18 to 26 °C. On the southeastern coast, precipitation increases in summer, on the northeastern coast - in autumn and winter.

On the Brazilian and Guiana plateaus, along the outskirts of the Amazon lowland, the climate varies by season. Winters are usually dry and relatively cool. Summer, on the contrary, is humid and warm. The dry season lasts approximately 5 months a year with extremely little rainfall.

The driest place in Brazil is the extreme northeast. Here, average temperatures reach 27 °C, rainfall is irregular and extremely rare. In the high altitude regions of the Atlantic Plateau, Brazil's climate is also difficult. In summer it usually rains. Temperatures rise to a maximum of 22°C. There are even frosts in winter.

Relief

The relief of Brazil is varied and consists of alternating hills, mountains and valleys. In the north-west of the country there is a lowland. It covers the Amazon Valley and covers an area of ​​1.8 km2.

To the northeast, the lowland passes into the Guiana Highlands. In the south, east and center is the Brazilian Plateau. Its heights increase to the east and range from 500 to 2000 meters. The highest point, Mount Bandeira, reaches 2897 meters.

The Atlantic Plain stretches along the coast. Near the ocean it is represented by swamps, sandy beaches and lagoons. In the southwest there is a vast floodplain called the Pantanal, which is used as pasture.

The largest river

The territory where Brazil is located is covered by a dense river system. Most of the country belongs to the Amazon Basin, stretching across four other countries. This is the deepest river with the largest basin in the world.

The Amazon extends for almost 7,000 km and, together with all its tributaries, covers
7,180,000 km². Its regime is influenced by oceanic tidal waves. Periodically, the river overflows its banks, flooding the valley within 90 km.

The northern and southern tributaries of the river are located in different hemispheres, which affected its full flow. When the floods end on one side, they begin on the other. The yellow and muddy Amazon annually replenishes the World Ocean with 7 thousand cubic meters of water. Its flow accounts for 15% of the total flow of all rivers on the planet.

From rain forests to desert cacti

Brazil's vegetation is as diverse as its climate and topography. In the Amazonian lowlands, moist equatorial forests grow, represented by ferns, mosses, vines, orchids, cocoa, and tall trees with a crown that branches only at the top. The world's largest water lilies are also found here.

In the extreme northeast, where there is too little rainfall, there are only low shrubs and cacti. Mangrove trees grow at the mouths of rivers along the coast. The Brazilian highlands are covered with tropical and subtropical species that shed their leaves during drought.

In addition, the country has savannas, prairies, araucaria and gallery forests. More than 100 species of palm trees, 400 valuable tree species, cereals, reeds, sedges, all kinds of herbs and flowers grow on its territory.

Animal world

Brazil occupies one of the first places in the number of amphibians, birds and reptiles living on its lands. There are many exotic and rare species found in the country. But due to human activity, most of them are on the verge of extinction.

In the waters of the Amazon River there are piranhas that can eat a large animal in just a few minutes. This is where many aquarium fish species come from, such as angelfish, guppies, and swordtails. In the Amazon jungle you can find caimans, tapirs, pumas, leopards, saimira and guariba monkeys.

Brazil is home to the world's smallest rodent, the capybara, about a meter in size. There is also an anaconda snake, or water boa, that can easily swallow a caiman or a whole wild boar.

Since Brazil is located in the southern hemisphere, the country's seasons are opposite to those in the northern hemisphere. When it's summer in Europe, it's winter in Brazil. However, even in winter, cold weather is rare in Brazil.

Brazil has several different climate zones, which can be described as tropical and subtropical. Brazil's climate types and associated characteristics are determined by the country's position in relation to the Atlantic Ocean, the highlands of Brazil, the Andes to the west of Brazil, and the Amazon. The entire Amazon region and the northern highlands of Brazil have a tropical climate. The region southeast of the mouth of the Amazon River and the entire western Amazon region has a humid tropical climate. The rest of the Amazon has a tropical monsoon climate, due to the region experiencing a distinct wet (monsoon) period. The region between the Amazon and the imaginary line between the Pantanal and Rio de Janeiro has a tropical savanna climate. In the higher regions in central Brazil the climate is partly temperate savanna. In the interior regions in the east of the country, the climate is predominantly warm steppe. The coastal region between Salvador and Rio de Janeiro has a tropical monsoon and humid tropical climate. In the southern part of Brazil the climate is warm maritime, with warm summers and mild winters (regions of Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and Sao Paulo). In winter, the air temperature here can drop to 10 degrees Celsius or lower, so this region does not have a tropical climate.

Rain in Brazil

There is no shortage of rain in Brazil. It rains especially heavily in the Amazon rainforest and in the eastern tip of Brazil (the area around Recife). In the western and eastern parts of the Amazon, there is particularly high rainfall each year. The wettest regions receive 2,000 - 4,000 millimeters of rain per year. These regions receive equal amounts of rain throughout the year. Central Amazonia is less humid, with rainfall ranging from 1,500 to 2,000 millimeters per year. During the winter season (July to September), there is less rainfall here than in the monsoon season and for this reason, this region receives less rainfall per year than other regions. The rest of Brazil receives approximately 1,000 millimeters of rain per year, and the rest of the country typically experiences wet and dry seasons. However, there are differences between different regions. The Ceara region in the northeast is slightly drier than the surrounding regions.

Warm climate conditions in Brazil

Brazil is a warm country. In large regions of Brazil, the air temperature is tropical values ​​of 30-33 degrees Celsius throughout the year. Night temperatures are usually just above 20 degrees Celsius. In the southern part of Brazil, conditions are somewhat cooler during the winter, with temperatures averaging a pleasant 20-28 degrees Celsius during the daytime, but dropping to a chilly 5-10 degrees Celsius at night. In the coastal region between Rio de Janeiro and Salvador, temperatures are 5-8 degrees higher. Temperatures below zero are rare in Brazil. Only at the highest peaks can the temperature drop below zero.

Climate of Brazil in different cities of the country

The table below shows the average minimum and maximum air temperatures in different cities and places in Brazil throughout the year.