“You need to write for children the same way as for adults, only better,” this phrase is also attributed to Maxim Gorky, and Samuil Marshak, and Korney Chukovsky. It was said bitingly, but most importantly, it was true. And it is not a sin to quote this axiom today - April 2, when International Children's Book Day is celebrated.

The realities of our time are such that such a beautiful and such a true phrase will have to be cut in half, trimmed to the following: “You need to write for children.” The situation with modern children's literature is frankly lousy - in fact, it does not exist. They don't write. However, it's not that scary. In any case, our list of 7 children's books, without which childhood has every chance of becoming dull, boring and colorless, makes perfect sense of the classics.

1. Alexander Volkov. "The Wizard of Oz"

It will not be possible to limit oneself to the first volume of a series of six books. And thank God. Each of them is a clear guide to the question: “How to set policy priorities.” Against the gorgeous painted backdrop of the Magic Land, where animals talk, miracles happen and a straw effigy comes to life, children from our world stage coups d'état, repel invaders and wage successful wars. All this is in the name of perhaps the most sympathetic principle: “Live and don’t stop others from living.” Anyone who disagrees with this is guaranteed to get hit with a tambourine. The main thing is not to make sudden movements and plan everything correctly, as the Scarecrow the Wise taught: “A river is not dry land, and dry land is not a river. You can’t walk along the river, so the Tin Woodman must make a raft, and we will cross the river!”

2. Clive Staples Lewis. "The Chronicles of Narnia"

Again a cycle, but this time with seven books. Again a magical country, but still different. The main thing for Lewis- not a technique for organizing a coup in the name of good, but how to figure out where the good is and where the evil disguised as it is. Critics accused the writer of the fact that Narnia does not instill practical life skills in children. They say that even after reading the entire series, you will not learn how to build a boat. “You won’t learn,” Lewis agreed. “But you will know how to behave if you ever find yourself aboard a sinking ship.”

3. Astrid Lindgren. "Baby and Carlson"

A trilogy that is most often published under one cover. The main character introduces himself like this: “I am a moderately well-fed man in full bloom.” In fact, Carlson is a cheerful impudent and selfish person. A rare and vital character in children's literature. Vent. A ray of light in the kingdom of the continuous: “You must always give in, listen to your elders, sit quietly, how dare you, who allowed you, besides rights there are also responsibilities.” A little egoism, especially cheerful, and a little impudence, especially witty, dilute this monstrous picture. In short, if the “housekeeper” Miss Bok has decided to make a “silk child” out of you, remember Carlson’s precepts and his methods of struggle: “There are three ways - smoking, bringing down and fooling around. And I'm going to apply all three at once."

4. Vladislav Krapivin. "Boy with a Sword"

In literature classes they teach that a book should teach life. At first glance, this is utter nonsense. A book should give joy. Nevertheless, there is a rational grain in this. And teachers don’t even imagine what a mine they are placing under the orderly edifice of the school hierarchy. Every child 10-12 years old, who picks up “The Boy with a Sword,” receives a unique tool for confronting school stupidity, dullness and social bullshit. If you have self-esteem and want to emerge victorious, take the example of Seryozha Kakhovsky, who puts the presumptuous adult fool in her place: “The main thing in an argument is not to rush. Let the other person say everything to the end. And then you need to answer - briefly and clearly. Like blade defense. When to defend and when to counterattack. And if you are indignant, interrupt, they will say that you are rude, that’s all. And then, even if you burst, you won’t prove anything.”

5. Arkady Gaidar. "A military secret"

For some reason, it is believed that death and violence should never be allowed into children's literature - bright and cloudless. Soviet classic Arkady Gaidar had a different opinion. And he left the most piercing description of the child’s death: “On that grass, face down and with a stone at his temple, lay motionless the rider of the “First October Detachment of the World Revolution,” such a little boy - Alka.” He dies from a stone thrown by the hand of a rogue and selfish person, who, of course, is imprisoned. But what will happen if such selfish people suddenly become masters themselves? And here’s what: “You and I would go to the mountains, to the forests. We would gather a detachment, and all our lives, until our death, we would attack the whites and would not change, we would never give up. Then, during the uprising, we would all rush to the city, throw bombs at the police, at the White Guard headquarters, at the gates of the prison, at the palaces of the generals, and the governors. Be brave, comrades!

6. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. "The Hobbit"

The story is that even in the most stupid man in the street, who is strong in hindsight and shallow worldly wisdom, there remains a child who craves something unusual and exciting. For example, a visit from a wizard: “Are you really the same Gandalf, by whose grace so many quiet young men and women disappeared to God knows where, going in search of adventure? Anything from climbing trees to visiting elves. They even sailed on ships to foreign shores!”

And also that there is no need to be ashamed of this “inner child,” even if the chorus of ordinary people traditionally shouts about the danger of infantilism. Because in critical situations, of which there are plenty in The Hobbit, it is this very “infantile spirit of adventurism” that helps Mr. Bilbo Baggins survive and win.

7. Sergey Alekseev. "Glory Bird"

If you want unofficial patriotism and true love for Russian history, then it would be better to purchase the entire line of books by this writer. But, of course, it’s worth starting with this one. Here is the entire Patriotic War of 1812. It is written easily, coolly, fascinatingly and truthfully. And, most importantly, with amazing skill. The rhythm pulls you in and doesn't let go. Alekseevskoe Borodino is not much inferior to a textbook poem Lermontov. Here, for example: “After an attack comes an attack. The French know no fear. He climbs onto flashes instead of killed new heroes. But Russians are not sewn with a rusty needle. The Russians have no less courage. Two walls came together. Hero fights with hero. A daredevil is not inferior to a daredevil. Like a scythe and a stone. The Russians are not a step back, the French are not a step forward. Only mounds grow from beaten soldiers. The soldiers fight and fight. Three o'clock after noon. Who said that the Russians retreated?!” If you wish, you can write this down in a column - impressive poetry will come out. But several hundred pages have been written like this. And everything is read in one breath. And they give much more than a boring story from a textbook.

If, cutting the path with my father's sword,

You've wrapped salty tears around your mustache,

If in a hot battle you experienced what it costs, -

This means you read the right books as a child!

This is what we read in childhood under the stagnant, totalitarian, communist regime under the USSR in the 60-80s? Are you thinking of books for the school curriculum? No! I can barely remember anything from the school curriculum... Only if “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy, only because I never read this novel...

I remember Pushkin: “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, Lermontov - “The Poet, Slave of Honor Died...”, something about “Muma” and “Fathers and Sons”... Yes, Gorky’s “Petrel”...

But Alexander Dumas “The Count of Monte Cristo”, “The Three Musketeers”... Walter Scott “Ivanhoe”, Fenimore Cooper “St. John’s Wort”, “The Headless Horseman” by Mine Reed, “Children of Captain Grand” by Jules Verne... etc. P. After all, no one forced them to read, but they themselves ran to the Library, stood in line and then disappeared with these books somewhere in the Hayloft or Attic, so that no one would interfere...

What are these Books about? About the struggle between Good and Evil, about Love, about Loyalty, about Justice... Where do Russian people, from childhood, have a craving for Good, for Justice? And it was almost all of them... They exchanged books with each other. They fought with wooden swords. We set sail on ponds and rivers... We fought to the point of blood for our little girlfriends...

Well, Vladimir Vysotsky was an idol in our youth. All his songs were played on a creaky cassette player and listened to somewhere in a park on a bench... And the first chords and songs on the guitar were also from Vysotsky...

In the morning there was the film “The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe” - a Soviet feature film based on the novel by English writer Walter Scott “Ivanhoe”, filmed by director Sergei Tarasov in 1982. Box office leader of 1983...

Once again the Soul was hooked...

I'm sharing with you...:

Vladimir Vysotsky - Ballad of struggle

Among the melting candles and evening prayers,

Among war trophies and peaceful bonfires

There lived bookish children who did not know battles,

Wearying from our petty disasters.

Children are always annoyed

Their age and life, -

And we fought until we were scratched,

To mortal insults.

But the clothes were patched

Our mothers are on time,

We devoured books

Getting drunk on the lines.

Hair stuck to our sweaty foreheads,

And it sucked sweetly in the pit of my stomach from the phrases,

And the smell of struggle turned our heads,

Flying down on us from yellowed pages.

And tried to comprehend

We, who have not known wars,

For the war cry

Those who received the howl,

The secret of the word "order"

Purpose of boundaries,

The meaning of the attack and clang

War chariots.

And in the boiling cauldrons of former slaughter and unrest

So much food for our little brains!

We are in the role of traitors, cowards, Judas

In children's games they designated their enemies.

And the villain's footsteps

They didn’t let it cool down,

And the most beautiful ladies

They promised to love

And, having reassured my friends

And loving my neighbors,

We are in the role of heroes

They introduced themselves.

Only you can’t escape into dreams forever:

Fun has a short life - there is so much pain around!

Try to unclench the palms of the dead

And take the weapon from weary hands.

Experience it by taking possession

Still warm sword

And putting on the armor,

What's the price, what's the price!

Figure out who you are - a coward

Or the chosen one of fate,

And taste it

A real fight.

And when a wounded friend collapses nearby,

And over the first loss you will howl, mourning,

And when you suddenly find yourself without skin

Because they killed him - not you -

You will understand what you have learned

Distinguished, found

He said with a grin:

This is a grin of death!

Lies and evil - look

Among the melting candles and evening prayers,
Among the spoils of war and peaceful fires,
There lived bookish children who did not know battles,
Exhausting from my petty disasters.

Children are always annoyed by their age and way of life,
And we fought to the point of abrasions, to mortal insults,
But our mothers patched our clothes on time,
We devoured the books, getting drunk on the lines.

Hair stuck to our sweaty foreheads,
And it sucked sweetly in the pit of my stomach from the phrases.
And the smell of struggle turned our heads,
Flying towards us from yellowed pages.

And we, who have not known wars, tried to comprehend
Those who mistook a howl for a war cry,
The mystery of the word “order”, the purpose of boundaries,
The meaning of the attack and the clanging of war chariots.

And in the boiling cauldrons of previous wars and unrest
So much food for our little brains,
We are in the role of traitors, cowards, Judases
In children's games they designated their own enemies.

And the traces of the villain were not allowed to cool down,
And they promised to love the most beautiful ladies,
And reassuring friends and loving neighbors,
We introduced ourselves to the roles of heroes.

Only you can’t escape into dreams forever,
Fun has a short life, there is so much pain around.
Try to unclench the palms of the dead
And take the weapon from weary hands.

Test it by taking possession of a still warm sword
And having put on the armor, how much, what how much?!
Test who you are - a coward or the chosen one of fate,
And taste the real fight.

And when a wounded friend collapses nearby,
And over the first loss you will howl, mourning,
And when you suddenly find yourself without skin,
Because they killed him, not you.

You will understand that you recognized, distinguished, found,
He looked at the grin - it’s a grin of death,
Lies and evil, look how rough their faces are
And there are always crows and coffins behind.

If you haven’t eaten a single piece of meat from a knife,
If you fold your arms and watch from above,
But he didn’t enter into a fight with a scoundrel, with an executioner,
This means that you had nothing to do with anything in life.

If the path is cut by your father's sword,
You've wrapped salty tears around your mustache,
If in a hot battle you experienced what it costs,
This means you read the right books as a child.

Translation into Russian or English of the song text - This means you read the right books as a child. performer Vladimir Vysotsky:

Amid oplyvshih candles and evening prayers,
Amid the spoils of war and peace fires
Lived books children who did not know the battles
Exhausted from the small of his disasters.

Children ever annoy their age and life,
And we fought to abrasions, to mortal offense,
But we patched clothes mother -in-time,
We swallowed the book, getting drunk on the lines.

Hair stuck in our sweaty foreheads,
And sucking in his stomach from sweet phrases.
And circled our heads smell struggle,
From the pages yellowed fly off on us.

And we tried to comprehend, not knowing wars
During the war cry took howl
Secret words & order & quot ;, fiat boundaries,
The meaning of the attack and the clang of chariots.

A boiling pot of previous wars and unrest
So much food for little of our brains,
We're on the role of traitors, cowards, Jude
In the children’s games of their appointed enemies.

And the villain footsteps not allowed to cool,
And beautiful ladies promised to love,
And friends and neighbors calmed loving,
We’re on the role of the characters introduced themselves.

Only in dreams can not be permanently escape,
Short century have fun, so much pain around.
Try to pry the palm of the dead
And weapons to take out the tired hands.

Try it, seizing the sword still warm
And wearing armor that how much that how much?!
Try it, who are you - coward il chosen fate
And try to taste the real struggle.

And when the next crash wounded friend
And on the first loss you vzvoesh, grieving,
And when you stay without skin suddenly,
Because that killed him, not you.

You will understand that I learned, the difference, found,
By grin took - a death grin,
Falsehood and evil, look like their faces are rough,
And always behind Raven and coffins.

If the meat with a knife you have not eaten any piece,
If arms folded, watching from above,
But the fight did not come with a scoundrel, with the executioner,
So, in the life you were innocent, innocent.

If the path cutting through his father's sword,
You salty tears into their heads wrapped,
If the hot battle tested that how much,
So, we need books you read as a child.

If you find a typo in the text or translation of the song It means you read the books you needed as a child, please report it in the comments.

“...So you read the right books as a child...”

V.S. Vysotsky

(Commentary to the final essay in the direction of “Literature”)

The purpose of literature is

help a person understand himself,

raise his self-confidence and develop in him a desire for truth,

fight vulgarity in people,

be able to find the good in them,

arouse shame, anger, courage in their souls,

do everything so that people become nobly strong and can spiritualize their lives with the holy spirit of beauty...
M. Gorky

xxx

Gogol wrote :

“In The Inspector General, I decided to put together everything bad in Russia... all the injustices that are done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required from a person, and at one time laugh at everything.”

So here you gotwo main tasks which the author determined for himself: to depict the main vices of Russian society and ridicule them. Having completed these tasks, the writer created not only a satire of enormous generalizing power, but also one of the funniest works of Russian literature.

xxx

Literature is not letters on paper. This is communication. This is memory.

XXX

In one of his last interviews, V.G. Rasputin, reflecting on the traditions of peoples, their destinies in modern conditions, said with conviction:

“As much memory as there is in a person, there is as much person in him.”

Nature is wise. She built the path of human life in such a way that the thread that unites and connects generations does not weaken or break. By keeping warm memories of the past, we maintain a sense of responsibility for the Motherland, strengthen faith in the strength of our people, the value and uniqueness of their history. Therefore, the role of fiction in the moral and patriotic education of new generations is great and irreplaceable. Its influence on the formation of historical memory in a young citizen is complex and multifaceted.

Poetry is human thought achieving the greatest power...

Is it possible to say that poetry contains enormous influencing power?

The theme of the POET AND POETRY in the works of great Russian poets...

V.V. Mayakovsky

Thinking about the apparent uselessness of the poet among the everyday everyday worries of people, he asks the question:

After all, if the stars light up -

Means

does anyone need this?

The poet is the same star, andits light serves as a moral guide for people . Internally convinced of the necessity of the poetic word for the human soul, Mayakovskysees the poet’s mission as absorbing all the pain of millions of suffering and lonely people and telling the world about it.Addressing those around him, to future generations, the poet declares:

Here I am,

all

pain and bruise.

I bequeath to you an orchard

My great soul!

According to Mayakovsky, people need poetry like the sun. And here it is no coincidence that real poetry is compared with a luminary, which has long been considered a symbol of life on earth, without which there would be neither heat nor light. Poems warm a person’s soul, filling it with the eternal fire of life, making him realize that he is an integral part of the vast world.

And the sun too:

“You and I, there are two of us, comrade!

I will pour my sunshine, and you will pour yours,

in verse"

A.S. Pushkin

“The Prophet” is a poem he wrote in Mikhailovsky in 1826. This work is an important poetic declaration that directly reflects the author’s idea and view of the poet’s vocation. Must behigh goal in the name of which the poet creates, which will give meaning to the work and true content to everything that he so deeply believes in and correctly sees, hears, feels, and is able to convey in words. Such a “goal” is designated as “God’s voice” addressed to the “prophet” and calls on him to “burn the hearts of people” with his wise word (“verb”). And show people the real, unadorned truth of life.

"Monument"

And for a long time I will be so kind to the people,

That I awakened good feelings with my lyre,

That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom

And he called for mercy for the fallen...

Do you agree with the opinion that folk morality is expressed in I.A. Krylov’s fables?

Krylov searched for “his own” genre for a long time and difficultly. But it was in fables that he revealed himself in all its fullnessKrylov's satirical talent . For forty years they wrotemore than two hundred fables.

Krylov's fables are a way of folk thinking, the wisdom of the people, their everyday philosophy.

The word in Krylov's fables is a means of expressing folk ingenuity and the national identity of the Russian peasant.

Only in Krylov’s fables do we encounter truly folk, realistic traditions of fable creativity: in Krylov’s characters are typical, generalizing images, human vices are clearly reflected in them.

The simple and very understandable plot of the fables has not lost its relevance for many generations. This is due to the fact that Krylovtook the main vices and weaknesses of man as the basis for his creativity , and they remained the same as those of his contemporaries. The living Russian language, in which all of Ivan Andreevich’s fables are written, is devoid of excessive sophistication. It is understandable to everyone without exception. In order for the reader to better understand the lesson contained in the fable, at the end of the work the author always gives its moral. One of the few exceptions is the fable "The Crow and the Fox". Krylov is more interested in the process of how Crow, under the influence of flattery, begins to feel his importance and superiority.

xxx

Nikolay Gumilyov

Philosophical reflections on the role of the Word, on its nature. Two ways of understanding the world are contrasted: the logical one, necessary for everyday life, and the higher, divine way, embodied in the word. It is the poet in the modern world, in which people have forgotten the Divine essence of the word, who reminds people of it:

On that day, when over the new world

God bowed his face, then

Stopped the sun with a word

In short, they destroyed cities.

And the eagle did not flap its wings,

The stars huddled in horror towards the moon.

If, like a pink flame,

The word floated above.

And for the low life there were numbers.

Like livestock, livestock,

Because all shades of meaning

A smart number conveys...

xxx

The role of books in the life of a modern person

“A book is a source of knowledge” - this expression has been familiar to us since childhood. And indeed, how much new and previously unknown we comprehend from works of art, how much they influence our consciousness, education, and development. But the modern pace of life threatens the ability of books to penetrate the very depths of human consciousness. Why does this happen? Is the danger great, and what should be done so that the younger generation fully retains the love and respect for readingbooks ?

When watching a film, we feel, but do not reason; we see, but do not delve into the very essence. Which means we stop thinking.

If you imagine the modern world without books and literature, you paint very bleak pictures. One of them was presented in his work “Fahrenheit 451” by Ray Bradbury. In his utopian world of the future there are no social problems, because all of them were solved through the destruction of books, because literature makes you think, which means analyze, understand, and draw conclusions.
Books teach us a lot in life, and we should never forget it. Reading a full-fledged work of fiction gives us invaluable experience, a wealth of knowledge and skills, and expands the boundaries of consciousness. It is literature, as Shukshin said, that “should help us understand what is happening to us.” And I hope future generations will be able to appreciate it.

Xxx

Examples from the lives of wonderful people.

1) “I owe everything good to a book,” quote by Maxim Gorky.

2) Jack London: "Martin Eden". Having no education, he read a lot... books taught him a lot, he became a famous writer...

3) “If you search diligently in the books of wisdom, you will find great benefit for your soul.” (Nestor the Chronicler)

4) one of D.S. Likhachev’s “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful,” in which he writes that literature gives us a colossal, extensive and deepest experience of life, makes us wise.

5) Books give the illusion of a real, vibrant and amazing life

The role of literature in human life is difficult to assess. Books have educated more than one generation of people. Unfortunately, in modern society the role of literature is underestimated. There is a category of people who declare that literature has outlived its usefulness as an art form, it has been replaced by cinema and television. But there remains that category of people who recognize and appreciate the importance of literature in our lives.
As you know, books perform two main functions: informational and aesthetic. From generation to generation, it was with the help of books that experience accumulated over centuries was passed on; knowledge was stored in books and discoveries were recorded. Books provided a platform for the proclamation of new ideas and worldviews. In difficult life situations, a person resorts to a book and draws wisdom, strength and inspiration from it. After all, the book is universal, in it a person can find the answer to any question of interest.
Realizing its aesthetic function, literature teaches the beautiful, the good, and forms moral principles. Books form not only moral ideals, but also ideals of appearance and behavior. Heroines and heroes of books become role models. Their images and thoughts are taken as the basis for their own behavior. Therefore, it is so important, during the period of personality formation, to turn to the right books that will give the right guidelines.
For example, the images of the most beautiful heroines are the embodiment of femininity, tenderness and natural beauty. Such results can be achieved with high-quality shampoo, face cream and . Eco-friendly cosmetics offered by , will help create an ideal appearance, but to develop the inner world, you need even more intensive work on yourself.
The example of masculinity at all times were strong heroic fighters who were guided by bright ideas in the name of justice and love.
Thus, the role of literature at all times and in modern times is to help a person understand himself and the world around him, to awaken in him the desire for truth, happiness, to teach respect for the past, for knowledge and moral principles passed on from generation to generation. Whether or not to take advantage of this opportunity that books provide is a personal choice for each person.

xxx

Conversing with writers from other centuries is almost like traveling.

Rene Descartes

On the pages of books the heroes of the works came to life and began a seemingly independent life full of unpredictability and adventure.

Xxx

The problem of the soul, the inner world It is the moral qualities of a person that make the inner world truly rich and complete.

1 argument : if our actions are based on kindness, justice, and the desire to help our neighbors, then we are committed to positive communication. This attitude needs to be cultivated. (Example: childhood, Natasha Rostova).

2 argument : Man is part of nature. If he lives in harmony with it, then he subtly feels the beauty of the world and knows how to convey it. (Example: grandmother, Andrei Bolkonsky and oak).

the role of art in human life - art instills in us a sense of beauty.

1 argument: a person learns to see the beauty of the world not only by being among nature, but also by enjoying works of art. This enriches his inner world, makes him kinder, more humane. (Example: music by Tchaikovsky, paintings by artists).

Argument 2: works of Russian classics help us understand how beautiful a person can be if his thoughts and actions are noble and pure. (Example: Natasha Rostova).

The problem of the role of conscience in our lives.

Nowadays people, unfortunately, are less and less likely to act according to their conscience

1 argument: today people are increasingly guided by selfish motives and will do anything for the sake of a career. This leads to loss of moral qualities and bitterness. (Luzhin, Svidrigailov from F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” or an example from life).

Argument 2: if people forget about conscience, then society will degrade. Conscience is the basis of morality. (Example: Chulpan Khamatova, Grinev from A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”).

The problem of moral choice. Each of us finds ourselves in situations where we need to make a choice.

1 argument: the basis of moral choice is the struggle between selfish desires and the desire to help people. Each of us has to experience this. (An example from personal life or Natasha Rostova).

Argument 2: Nowadays, it is very important what moral choices politicians make. The fate of not only individual countries, but also the entire world depends on this. (Example: USA, Georgia).