Life story
David Herbert Lawrence wrote the most explicit novels of his time, which were banned for their vivid and detailed description of the sexual side of human life. Lawrence was forced to print and publish his novel Women in Love (1920) privately, and his most famous novel, Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), was published without cuts for the first time only in 1960, when an equally famous court decision was made that allowed from now on, include in the novel previously prohibited passages describing sexual acts.
Lawrence was the beloved son of a proud and domineering mother, who treated her husband, a rude and semi-literate miner, with undisguised contempt. Weak and sickly, "Burt" grew up surrounded by women who adored him, suffering from the inability to satisfy their "animal" feelings in the musty atmosphere of Victorian England. At the age of 16, he suffered severe psychological trauma. He was followed by a bout of pneumonia after he was surrounded on the street by a noisy group of rowdy girls and young women from a local factory who tried to strip him.
After his mother's death in 1910, Lawrence confessed: "I loved my mother as a mistress." He worked as a school teacher during the day and at night created his first masterpiece, Sons and Lovers (1913), a classic literary exploration of the Oedipus complex. In an attempt to banish the pervasive influence of his mother, which remained even after her death, Lawrence created his own philosophical theory about sex as the driving force of life. Always thin, not particularly active or energetic, with tousled hair and a fiery red beard, Lawrence managed to attract a number of rich, titled patronesses by the very force of his extraordinary personality. He called these women "income with two legs" because they, influenced by Lawrence's sexual mysticism, helped him lead his nomadic lifestyle. He repaid their devotion by ridiculing such women in his novels, calling them “cultural predators.”
Lawrence was a very sensitive and easily hurt person. He grew impatient with the pace of big city life and traveled through the countryside of England and then southern Europe. He also visited Ceylon, Australia, the southwest of America and Mexico. He described his impressions from these travels in his literary works. Since 1928, Lawrence constantly moved from place to place, never staying anywhere for long, until he died of tuberculosis at the age of 44.
Lawrence's youth was spent in a constant struggle (masterfully described by him later in Sons and Lovers) for his soul between his first lover Jessie Chambers and his mother, each of whom tried to achieve complete control over his feelings. He was first initiated into the “mysteries of sex” at the age of 23 by Alice Dax, the wife of a local pharmacist. He also had intimacy with Jessie Chambers. They, however, were never able to get rid of some kind of internal constraint and timidity in their sexual relationships. Lawrence soon became close friends with a new (more sexually attractive) partner, Louis Burrows. He met her at the age of 15, but her sexuality, for his taste, turned out to be too “church,” as he put it. All three of these women had, of course, good reason to believe that Lawrence was simply using them for some of his own purposes and then leaving them. Lawrence's influence on them, however, turned out to be so powerful that Jessie Chambers could not come to terms with his loss until the end of her days, Alice Dax gave up sex forever in memory of him, and Louis Burrows married only after his death.
In 1912, Lawrence fell in love with Frieda Weekley, from the aristocratic German family, the von Richthofens. Frida was at this time married to one of Lawrence's teachers and had three children. She later said: “Lawrence awakened some new tenderness in me. I had no choice but to submit completely to him.” Frida left her family and went with Lawrence, who was 6 years younger than her. She later married him. Frida was a typical Aryan beauty. Lawrence called her a "giantess." She was extremely sexy and never submitted to anyone or anything. Her relationship with Lawres was replete with quarrels and reconciliations. During the quarrels, the couple broke a lot of dishes. Lawrence, being downright the messiah of sexual liberation, was at the same time firmly convinced that a man should play a leading role in relations with women. He once said to the writer Katherine Mansfield: “I really believe that a woman should give up primacy to a man... A man should always be first in everything. A woman should follow him, and it is better if she does this without doubts, disputes, and without asking questions." He even advised beating rebellious wives. Frida, however, was physically stronger than her husband and refused to come to terms with such an attitude towards herself. The cause of frequent discord in the family was the sexual incompatibility of the spouses. Lawrence himself, for example, admitted that they almost never experienced orgasm at the same time. At the same time, the spouses, in all likelihood, satisfied each other's deep emotional needs. Frida awakened memories of his mother in Lawrence. Even her long skirts and aprons were similar to the clothes his mother had once worn. Frida flirted with Italian peasants and Prussian officers, while Lawrence, a working-class man turned sexual guru, spent time with his wealthy patroness. These included, for example, the eccentric Lady Ottoline Morrell, who was initially supposed to become the heroine of one of Lawrence’s works, the mistress of the utopian colony of Rananim, based on the principles of “full fulfillment of any desires of the flesh,” but instead became the prototype of Hermione in "Women in Love"; Cynthia Esquith, for whom Lawrence was able to express all his unsatisfied love and sexual passion only in literary works and in paintings, and Mabel Dodge Lewhan, an American writer and heiress to a huge fortune, who gave Lawrence a ranch in New Mexico, but was never able to " seduce his spirit." Lawrence was not very attractive to Mrs. Leuhan as a man, but she still tried to establish regular sexual relations with him, because she was convinced that “the surest path to the soul is through the flesh.”
Sometimes Lawrence even behaved somewhat sanctimoniously. He was insulted, for example, by obscene stories and jokes. He also believed that decent ladies should only have sex at night and in complete darkness. Later, he apparently suffered from impotence, which was aggravated by bursts of creative energy that completely depleted him and worsening tuberculosis. Dorothy Brett, one of his most devoted fans, described how Lawrence once ended up in her bed, but was unable to perform sexual intercourse.
Lawrence himself wrote: “If we cannot perform any sexual actions that will bring us complete satisfaction, let us at least think and reason sexually. That is the whole point of this work (Lady Chatterley’s Lover). I want men and women could think clearly and fully about sex."
Lawrence always assured everyone that he was “shocked” by homosexuality, so widespread among the British intelligentsia, but he himself, at the same time, admitted: “I still believe that the closest I came to perfect love was when I loved a young man.” miner. I was 16 years old at the time." From time to time, when Lawrence was having particularly bad relationships with women, he suddenly began to extol a certain mystical community of men, “brotherhood by blood,” as he called it. He also really liked the male body structure and paid tribute to it in the naked male wrestling scene in Women in Love. Lawrence in general, perhaps, inherited more from his mother than from his father: women may have idolized him, but men considered him too feminine and laughed at some of his domestic habits. Norman Douglas once remarked, not without malicious irony, that the sexual messiah felt extremely happy when he peeled potatoes or washed the floors. And Richard Aldington, Lawrence's friend and biographer, put it more specifically: "I would say that D.H. Lawrence was 85% hetero and 15% homo."
LAWRENCE DAVID HERBERT is one of the key English writers of the early 20th century. In the psychological novels “Sons and Lovers” (1913), “Rainbow” (1915), “Women in Love” (1920), he called on his contemporaries to open themselves to the “dark gods” of the instinctive perception of nature, emotionality and sexuality. Maturity and wisdom, according to Lawrence, mean a rejection of the rationalism so characteristic of the 19th century. In addition to novels, Lawrence also wrote essays, poems, plays, travelogues, and short stories. Some of Lawrence's books, including the novel Lady Chatterley's Lover, were long banned from publication due to obscenity. The main motive of Lawrence's poetic work is the rejection of the dehumanizing influence of industrial society and a return to the naturalness and spontaneity of life.
Lawrence David Herbert was born on September 11, 1885 in the village of Eastwood (Nottinghamshire). David Herbert Lawrence was the fourth child of a miner and a former schoolteacher. His turbulent relationship with his violent father and passionate attachment to his sophisticated, socially ambitious mother greatly influenced his subsequent work.
IN
In 1898, David Herbert Lawrence received a scholarship to Nottingham High School, and in 1906, a teacher's degree at the University of Nottingham. He taught at Croydon Primary School and began writing poetry and short stories.
At the same time he began working on a novel, and in 1909 he sent several poems to the English Review magazine, edited by F. M. Ford. Ford published Lawrence's poems and several short stories, helped publish the novel The White Peacock (1911), and introduced Lawrence to metropolitan literary circles. At this time, Lawrence was already working on his second novel, The Trespasser (1912), and the first draft of Sons and Lovers. The death of his mother from cancer in December 1910 deeply shocked the writer. His own poor health forced him to leave teaching and concentrate entirely on literary work.
In the spring of 1912, Lawrence fled to Europe with Frieda Weekley (née von Richthofen), the wife of Nottingham professor E. Weekley. In 1913, the first collection of his poems and the novel Sons and Lovers were published. At the same time, he began working on a novel codenamed The Sisters - which later split into The Rainbow (1915) and Women in Love (1920). Lawrence's first collection of short stories, The Prussian Officer, was published in 1914. After England entered the war, the Lawrences were prohibited from leaving the country. Rainbow was banned immediately after its publication in 1915, and for Women in Love Lawrence was unable to find a publisher at all (at the author's expense, the novel was published in New York in 1920).
In 1919, Lawrence left England and since then visited his homeland only occasionally. He travels through Italy, Sicily, Ceylon, Australia, comes to the USA (where he lives on a ranch near Taos, New Mexico), and visits Mexico. He works frantically in the most difficult conditions, overcoming his illness; from his pen came the novels The Lost Girl (1920), Aaron's Rod (1922), Kangaroo (1923) and The Plumed Serpent (1926), several collections of essays, many stories and poems. Lawrence's published books Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious (1921) and Fantasia of the Unconscious (1922) provided access to his worldview. In 1926, he completed the first of three versions of Lady Chatterley's Lover ) and in 1928 published the final text of the novel by private subscription. In 1929, police authorities closed an exhibition of Lawrence's paintings in London on charges of obscenity. Lawrence died in the south of France, in Vence, on March 2, 1930.
Lawrence, David Herbert
Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia
David Herbert Lawrence
David Herbert Lawrence
Lawrence at 21
Date of Birth:
September 11, 1885
Place of Birth:
Eastwood, Nottinghamshire
Date of death:
March 2, 1930 (age 44)
A place of death:
Vance
Citizenship:
Great Britain
Occupation:
writer, poet, playwright
Language of works:
English
Debut:
novel "White Peacock"
David Herbert Lawrence (English: David Herbert Lawrence; September 11, 1885, Eastwood, Nottinghamshire - March 2, 1930, Vance) - English writer.
One of the most famous writers of the early twentieth century. Famous for his psychological novels, he also wrote essays, poems, plays, travelogues, and short stories.
Early years
David Herbert Lawrence was the fourth child in the family of a miner and a former schoolteacher. His turbulent relationship with his abusive father and passionate attachment to his sophisticated, socially ambitious mother greatly influenced his subsequent work.
In 1898, Lawrence received a scholarship to Nottingham High School, and in 1906 he completed his education at the Faculty of Education at the University of Nottingham. He taught at a primary school in Croydon, where he began writing poetry and stories.
[edit]Creativity
His first novel, The White Peacock, was published in 1911, a few weeks after the death of his mother, after which he became seriously ill. Lawrence left teaching and wrote The Trespasser (1912). It was followed by the novel Sons and Lovers (1913), his first serious work, a semi-autobiographical account of his youth and his ambiguous relationship with his parents.
In January 1912, Lawrence met Frieda von Richthofen, the wife of his former teacher and mother of three children. They immediately fell in love with each other and left for Germany together in May. After traveling for two years in Germany and Italy, they returned to England and were married in July 1914. It was a turbulent marriage from the start, and it inspired Lawrence to write a collection of poems, Look! We did it!” (Look! We Have Come Through, 1917).
Lawrence tried his hand as a poet from his youth. He started with quite traditional “Georgian” poems, but his creative search led to the fact that he developed his own, unique poetics, close to that used by poets from the Imagist group. Lawrence published in anthologies of Imagism. Lawrence's bright, sensual poetry did not immediately win the recognition of readers and critics. During his lifetime, his poetry was appreciated only by specialists. However, Lawrence is now considered one of the leading masters of twentieth-century verse.
While still abroad, Lawrence began working on the voluminous project “Sisters”. Over time, this project included two of his most famous novels: The Rainbow (published in September 1915, but banned in November) and Women in Love, completed in 1917, but published privately only in 1920 in New York).
Disappointed in England and the reluctance to accept his work, Lawrence left his homeland forever with Frida in 1919. The Lost Girl (1920) won him the J. T. Black Memorial Award; it was followed by Aaron's Rod (1922). After extensive travels, Lawrence published four accounts of his travels, Kangaroo (Kangaroo, 1923), a novel written in Australia (set in the same place), and a literary critical work, Studies in Classic American Literature.
During his stay at Villa Mirenda in Florence, he wrote his last novel, Lady Chatterley's Lover, which was published privately in 1928. This novel, however, was not published in its entirety in England and the United States until thirty years after an attempt to ban it on the grounds of obscenity.
Lawrence's poor health took a turn for the worse in 1930, and he died of tuberculosis in Vence, France, in May of that year.
LAWRENCE, DAVID HERBERT(Lawrence, David Herbert) (1885–1930), English novelist, poet, essayist. Born on September 11, 1885 in the mining village of Eastwood (Nottinghamshire), the fourth child in a miner's family. After graduating from Nottingham Boys' School, Lawrence worked for several months in a medical equipment factory. He worked as a teacher for four years without a proper diploma, then completed a two-year teacher's course at the University of Nottingham and began teaching at a school on the outskirts of London. At the same time he began working on a novel, and in 1909 he sent several poems to the English Review magazine, edited by F.M.Ford. Ford published Lawrence's poems and several stories and helped publish the novel White peacock (The White Peacock, 1911) and introduced Lawrence to the capital's literary circles. At this time, Lawrence was already working on his second novel, Intruder (The Trespasser, 1912), and the first version Sons and lovers. The death of his mother from cancer in December 1910 deeply shocked the writer. His own poor health forced him to leave teaching and concentrate entirely on literary work.
In the spring of 1912, Lawrence fled to Europe with Frieda Weekley (née von Richthofen), the wife of Nottingham professor E. Weekley. In 1913, the first collection of his poems and a novel were published Sons and lovers (Sons and Lovers). Then he began working on a novel under the code name Sisters (The Sisters) – it subsequently broke up into Rainbow (The Rainbow, 1915) and Women in love (Women in Love, 1920). Lawrence's first collection of short stories was published in 1914. Prussian officer (The Prussian Officer). After England entered the war, the Lawrences were prohibited from leaving the country. Rainbow banned immediately after publication in 1915, and for Women in love Lawrence was unable to find a publisher at all (at the author's expense, the novel was published in New York in 1920).
In 1916, the writer's first book of travel notes was published. Twilight in Italy (Twilight in Italy). Two years later, Lawrence begins to publish his work in the magazine Studies on Classic American Literature (Studies in Classic American Literature), which became the first serious study of the work of such major American writers as G. Melville And N. Hawthorne.
In 1919, Lawrence left England and since then visited his homeland only occasionally. He travels through Italy, Sicily, Ceylon, Australia, comes to the USA (where he lives on a ranch near Taos, New Mexico), and visits Mexico. He works frantically in the most difficult conditions, overcoming his illness; novels come from his pen Dead girl (The Lost Girl, 1920), Aaron's Flute (Aaron's Rod, 1922), Kangaroo (Kangaroo, 1923) and feathered serpent (The Plumed Serpent, 1926), several collections essay, many stories and poems. Books published by Lawrence Psychoanalysis and the subconscious (Psychoanalysis and Unconscious, 1921) and Fantasies of the subconscious (Fantasia of Unconscious, 1922) provided access to his worldview. In 1926 he completed the first of three versions Lady Chatterley's Lover (Lady Chatterley's Lover) and in 1928 published the final text of the novel by private subscription. In 1929, police authorities closed an exhibition of Lawrence's paintings in London on charges of obscenity. Lawrence died in the south of France, in Vence, on March 2, 1930.
Although many consider the best part of the writer’s legacy to be his stories, it is still the novels that are Sons and lovers, Rainbow, Women in love And Lady Chatterley's Lover- allow us to call Lawrence an outstanding writer of the 20th century. Sons and lovers- an artistic study of the destructive forces affecting consciousness, will and spirit. In addition to the writer’s inherent power of writing and the ability to subtly convey a “sense of place,” what is striking is his ability to accurately recreate the social, psychological and historical situation of England during the Industrial Revolution. IN Sons and lovers Lawrence does not simply describe his personal difficulties: he introduces them into the circle of more significant social and historical themes. The same trend in Rainbow, where Lawrence shows how modern self-awareness gradually matures in the Brangwen family, farmers from central England; the close blood ties that bound the family together in the years leading up to the Industrial Revolution are weakening; the writer depicts the love relationships of three generations of Brangwens, the last representative of which, Ursula, is a modern (and lonely) woman, a bright and strong personality. Although Women in love Ursula finds a mate, the new novel lacks social optimism Rainbows. The shadow of the First World War fell over the book, and although Lawrence never directly speaks of the war, it is constantly reminded of itself by the bitterness of the tone and the foreboding of the inevitable cultural impoverishment of Europe.
In the post-war period, Lawrence comes to the conclusion that it is not enough to try to save a new social identity - it is necessary to change the social structure itself. All citizens must submit to the will of one person - a person similar to Carlyle's "heroes", the living embodiment of the divine principle, Plato's philosopher king. This idea was expressed by the writer in the so-called novels about “leaders” - Aaron's Flute, Kangaroo And Feathered snake.
In his latest novel, Lady Chatterley's Lover, Lawrence expresses the faint hope that only a few men and women blessed with “intimacy” can take refuge from the pressure of circumstances.
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