The process of logging, woodworking and secondary production is associated with the generation of wood waste. The volume of recyclable wood production is commensurate with the volume of finished products. An additional source of wood waste is forest parks and urban green spaces, which are periodically subjected to sanitary felling and cleaning. However, no more than half of the wood residues find useful use. The valuable natural material simply rots away without any attempts at disposal. Therefore, the processing of wood waste and the recycling of raw materials remain relevant.
The following types of raw materials remain unprocessed at the procurement landfills:
- roots and stumps;
- branches and twigs;
- small woody greens;
- sawdust and shavings;
- bark and tops.
In the sawmill, one-fifth of the imported material is classified as non-commercial wood or firewood, and part goes to sawdust. At factories for the production of furniture, plywood, veneer, the share of waste is 35-60% of the volume of sawn timber.
It should be noted that wood residues are a valuable source of raw materials for recycling in order to obtain products and materials for various purposes. Their processing will serve to save natural resources and solve environmental problems.
Classification of wood raw materials
Waste wood is classified by density:
- bark and bast;
- soft - shavings and sawdust, dust, woody greens: needles and leaves;
- solid or lumpy - these include stumps, slabs, roots, tree branches, trimmings.
By way of receiving:
- when cutting wood: stumps, tops, branches, bark, trimmings, firewood;
- when processing round timber or primary sawmilling;
- residues from veneer production and: shavings and sawdust, substandard trimmings, slats, slabs, bark;
- secondary waste from furniture factories: board trimmings, shavings and sawdust.
How to use
Woodworking wastes are widely used, they are in demand in many sectors of the economy:
- building;
- chipboards;
- cement-bonded particle boards;
- arbolite;
- brick;
- gypsum sheets;
- paper production
- paper and cardboard;
- heat source;
- fuel briquettes and pellets;
- firewood;
- Agriculture;
- compost to increase the fertility of loamy soils;
- additive from sawdust to the soil of greenhouses and greenhouses;
- litter for animals;
- processing of solid waste after digestion of the extract into fodder meal with antibacterial properties.
Sawdust of all types is in demand in hydrolysis and brick production, for heating and making gypsum-based sheets, for obtaining sawdust concrete and organic fuel.
In private households, attics and basements are insulated with sawdust. In industrial environments, sawdust is needed to filter wastewater. A mixture of sawdust with serves as an excellent filler for a dry closet.
Wood waste is used in paper mills and in agriculture. Small and large chips, especially of coniferous trees, are needed to obtain a special building material of wood concrete. After special processing, the processed shavings are placed in chipboards and cement-particle boards required in housing construction.
Technique for chipping wood into chips
Processing methods
Wood waste processing is carried out using two main technologies:
- chemical method of hydrolysis - turpentine, acetic acid, coal are obtained as a result;
- mechanical - after grinding the wood chips are released for the manufacture of building boards, pellets and briquettes for heating.
Recycling wood begins with a separation according to varieties and types of wood. Then the raw material is cut, cleaned of rot areas, treated with steam.
For cleaning from harmful impurities that have penetrated from the soil or wastewater, they are treated with saline solutions.
At the next stage, the material is crushed on machines with toothed discs. In order to facilitate the process and reduce the load on the drive, the crusher is subjected to steam treatment.
Processing technology and the necessary equipment are selected based on the type of wood waste.
Specialized equipment for processing wood waste is selected depending on the selected processing method.
In any case, you will need:
- Press forms;
- screw conveyor;
- manual rammers;
- chipping unit;
- mixing station;
- wood splitters;
- shredders-shredders;
- separators;
- briquetting machines;
- gas generator;
- storage bin;
- furnace for burning coal;
- control station;
- transporters.
Getting charcoal
Wood waste should be efficiently disposed of by making charcoal. Charcoal is used as a minor component in metallurgical and chemical production.
In building technologies, it is used for thermal insulation. As a product of overproduction, it is used as an additive to feed mixture for livestock and poultry.
Charcoal is characterized by high calorific value and lack of toxicity, it consists entirely of carbon. In the process of combustion, it does not emit toxic substances, and it is also suitable for cooking.
Fossil fuel processing
In European countries, they are concerned about environmental issues and are trying to reduce the burden on the environment as much as possible. One of the ways is the development of green technologies and the use of environmentally friendly fuels on an organic basis. The waste is successfully used as fuel after reprocessing.
Cheap fossil fuels derived from milled wood waste:
Briquettes
They are made from the remains of woodworking. They can sustain combustion for 8 hours due to their high density. Provides lasting heat with minimal carbon monoxide emissions.
Fuel material in the form of pellets with a high calorific value.
The production of cheap energy resources is a solution to the issue of recycling sawmill waste, protecting the natural environment and obtaining an alternative form of energy.
Production of fuel briquettes
One of the promising areas for the processing of wood waste is. The popularity of solid fuel boilers is growing because they are economical and efficient. And the calorific value of briquettes is comparable to that of coal.
The amount of heat released during the combustion of coal is 22 MJ per kilogram, and wood briquettes - 19. For example, the calorific value of firewood is 10 MJ / kg. The ecological material for heating is characterized by low ash content, and wood chips are the raw material.
Due to the constant rise in prices for, the need for alternative heat sources will increase.
To equip a processing plant, you will need:
- warehouse and transport equipment;
- installation for grinding recyclable materials;
- molding press;
- packing installation;
- drying unit.
Pellet production
The demand for those used in everyday life and in production is kept at a high level. Burning time and calorific value depend on the feedstock. In most cases, sawdust is used.
The production line includes:
- crushers;
- drying equipment;
- coolers;
- granulators;
- packaging machines.
Chip production
An advanced technology for the processing of solid waste is the production of wood chips. Wood chips are needed as a technological raw material for other industries and fuel. In accordance with its purpose, it is divided into technological chips and fuel.
From practical observations it became clear that active combustion in the furnace is observed after filling in crushed material 25–100 mm in size. The use of coarse wood residues does not provide efficient combustion because a dense layer does not form.
Shredding of recyclable materials takes place on chippers.
Drum chipper
Their design is different for different types and sizes of processed residues and quality requirements for finished chips.
The machines are built into the production line. Taking into account the individual characteristics of production, they are produced with a horizontal and inclined arrangement of the loading chuck, upper, lower and side chipping, left and right execution. This allows you to create the best working conditions and increase productivity.
The size of wood waste affects the location of the cartridge and the size of its flow area. The processing plan and the applied technology determine the choice of the machine in terms of productivity.
The second no less important mechanism for processing into chips is gyratory sorting. The peculiarity of its design is that the box with several sieves makes a circular motion in the horizontal plane.
During the processing of sawmill waste in modern installations, the main production receives a huge amount of additional raw materials. Thanks to the timely disposal of wood waste, the ecological situation of the region where the production is located is improving. Therefore, the issue of recycling wood waste is raised at the administrative level of any region.
Video: Wood processing production
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Designed for processing wood waste (tree tops, substandard pieces, large twigs, etc.) into technical chips. Has a built-in fan. The crusher is driven by an electric motor. Advantages: compact design (1680x690x900 mm) enables the use of this unit in limited production areas, high equipment performance (8-15 cubic meters per hour), an electric motor with a power of 15 kW ensures stable and uniform rotation of the rotor at a speed of 700 rpm, guaranteeing high quality and speed of material processing, operational safety.
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12
The processed raw material is small-fraction wood waste (wood chips, sawdust, shavings, etc.). Consists of crushing chamber, clutch guard, clutch and electric motor. The crushing chamber consists of a body, a cover and a rotor. The body is mounted to the frame and bolted to it. Inside the body, on the side walls, there are radial slots for installing a sieve, which consists of two parts. The cover is installed on the top flange of the housing. On its side walls there are also radial grooves for installing a sieve and a cast iron deck. The working body of the crusher is a rotor, which consists of a shaft, discs, spacer washers, hammers. The product is fed through the inlet in the lid and, thanks to the impact of rotating hammers and the impact of particles on the deck, is crushed. The fineness depends on the size of the sieves.
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8
Designed for processing wood waste (tree tops, substandard pieces, large branches, etc.) into technical chips. They have a built-in fan. The drive of the IDM-10 crusher is an electric motor, and the IDM-10T is aggregated with the MTZ-80, MTZ-82, T-150 tractors and their modifications, mounted on a 3-point hydraulic hitch and driven from the power take-off shaft through a cardan transmission ...
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6
Designed for industrial preparation of firewood. Can be used in households. Inclination of the piercing knife, which provides a smooth plunge, increasing the specific splitting pressure. Raising and lowering the knife using a hydraulic cylinder increases productivity and ease of use. The centering groove on the table makes it easier to install the block. The hydraulic system and the hydraulic valves used are selected taking into account the "heavy" operating mode. Optimization of the hydraulic system and used hydraulic components eliminates overheating even in "heavy" operating conditions.
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6
The DOS-1 crusher is designed for processing wood waste into technological chips (tops of trees, substandard pieces, large branches, etc.). The chips are thrown out by a rotating rotor through the chip chute. Ejection height - 3.5 m. DOS-1 crushers can be used for processing woodworking waste, during industrial or sanitary felling. When cutting down in cities, processing of branches (up to 100 mm in diameter) can reduce the cost of transporting cut trees. In addition, the chips obtained during the processing can be used in the production of wood-based panels, fuel briquettes, used for compost and other purposes. The mobile unit (DOP-1) can work on site in parallel with cutting.
Ensuring the cleanliness and tidiness of the garden or suburban area is necessary for everyone who loves a suburban vacation. And most of the waste of natural origin remains precisely from the trees - these are dead foliage, dried branches, twigs after cutting off crowns or cutting down unnecessary vegetation. But wood is a valuable material suitable for further rational use (for making compost, covering plants, improving the composition of the soil and combating weeds, and also as a good kindling). In order not to waste valuable material, the machine for chopping branches will come in handy.
The main directions for wood shredding:
- - the process of guiding cut trees and branches through the nozzle of a wood chopper equipped with a disc with knives, as a result of which a pulp (mulch) is obtained. Chopping trees is carried out when clearing the territory after the riot of the elements, when caring for gardens and vegetable garden plots, preparing the territory for construction, punching glades, etc.
- Is nothing more than routing cut trunks and branches through a branch chipper nozzle. As a result, mulch is formed, which is not recommended to be thrown into garbage containers, and dumped in random places is fraught with penalties. This is why it is best to use this type of wood for smarter purposes.
- is produced with the help of rotating knives fixed in the wood chopper disk. At the exit, we get technological chips, which are used as a material for the production of fiberboard, particleboard, is a filler in building blocks, and is also used as fuel in generators, boilers, thermal stations operating on wood waste.
The order of performance of work on the crushing of wood and wood waste
All wood chippers require special care and use in accordance with the instructions. In the process of work, it is necessary to take into account the volume of the material to be disposed of, monitor the process in order to exclude foreign objects from entering the device for shredding branches and logs, and take special safety measures. It is better to trust professionals who will take responsibility for the condition and performance of the equipment and perform the work professionally.
First, wood waste (preferably fresh) is sorted in accordance with their parameters. It is better to prepare a place for shredded waste in advance. Then start the chipper machine and pass all the accumulated wood waste through its nozzle. At the exit of the crusher for branches, logs and trees, a stream of crushed chips is formed, which can then be used as intended.
Advantages of renting special equipment for wood chipping
- This work involves the use of expensive equipment, which is not always advisable to purchase for personal use. Therefore, renting a branch chipper is a smart decision.
- You protect yourself from trouble: the chipper is a high-risk tool, which is why it is so important to adhere to safety rules when handling it.
- You save on loading and removing branches, especially when there is a large accumulation of branches. The price for shredding branches will be lower.
- You do not need to delve into all the intricacies of the technical characteristics of the crusher for branches of different models yourself, it is easier to address this work to specialists.
- Renting a branch chipper is much cheaper compared to purchasing the necessary tools. In addition, you will be relieved of the need for technical inspection and maintenance of the branch chipper.
- A tree shredder service, available two to three times a year, can help you permanently remove large wood debris off your property.
Wood chippers for rent
Professional specialists, using innovative equipment and modern devices for shredding branches, will quickly carry out work on shredding branches, regardless of the level of complexity, including on large areas. Trust professionals with extensive experience! We are ready to answer your questions and leave on request.
Wood shredder rental prices
| Name | Price |
|---|---|
Rent of wood chipper Skorpion 250 SDT | From 19,000 rubles. for 1 shift|
Rent of wood chipper VERMEER BC 150(the rental price for 1 shift includes: 7 hours of work, operator, fuels and lubricants, moving around the facility, delivery to the facility) | From 19,000 rubles. for 1 shift|
Rent of the Chopper of trunks and logs MORBARK-3036B-WCL(the rental price for 1 shift includes: 8 hours of work, operator, fuel and lubricants, moving around the facility) | From 60,000 rubles. for 1 shift|
Rent of a shredder of wood waste and uprooted stumps(the rental price for 1 shift includes: 8 hours of work, operator, fuel and lubricants) | From 60,000 rubles. for 1 shift|
Delivery to the object |
from 30,000 rubles (not dimension) |
Rent of a specialized loader for loading the shredder(used if the customer does not have equipment) |
RUB 15,000 |
The topic of branch processing is relevant not only for enterprises in whose activities wood waste is generated, but also for every lover to enjoy the beauty of their summer cottage. It is expensive to dispose of branches using purchased units or specialized companies, so the imagination and skills of homemade craftsmen are used.
In the process of beautification of plantings in city parks, during logging, during work on a personal plot, etc. wood waste is inevitably formed, the lion's share of which is ordinary branches. Their disposal today involves one of the following methods:
- Removal of branches to the dump. An extremely irrational and outdated method, but which is still the case.
- Burning. A method widely used by all gardeners. It requires adherence to special safety rules, allows, as a result of the process, to obtain wood ash, which is used as a good fertilizer.
- Recycling. The most economically and environmentally friendly way. It includes several different methods that are successfully implemented both in industrial enterprises and on the scale of personal subsidiary plots.
Note! Burning branches and leaves in home gardens can lead to large fires. In this regard, when getting rid of in this way, you need to follow the rules established by the Order of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation.
Processing methods
The processing of branches and other wood waste includes methods that are conventionally divided into several groups.
- Physicochemical. The essence of this group of processing technologies lies in the impact on the feedstock with chemical reagents and physical factors. This includes, for example, hydrolysis (decomposition of polysaccharides in sulfuric acid to produce ethanol) and pyrolysis (production of pyrolysis fuel from wood waste in an airless environment at high temperatures).
- Mechanical. Exposure to branches and other wood residues by different types of equipment in order to change the volume and size of waste for their further use.
- Biological. Decomposition of the organic component of wood by microorganisms (worms) to obtain compost (composting). An extremely slow process and therefore rarely carried out on an industrial scale.
The simplest and most affordable is the mechanical method, namely the processing of branches into chips using special equipment, which is described in more detail below.
Processing equipment
Equipment for obtaining chips from branches and other wood waste is presented:
- low-speed shredders, used in the production of wood chips 0.8-1 cm in size;
- industrial shredders equipped with special cutting knives;
- horizontal shredders equipped with pinch rollers, raw material feeding is carried out by a vibrating conveyor.
After shredding, the wood undergoes a series of transformations. So, for example, fuel briquettes are obtained from it (chips, sawdust are used for this purpose). To implement this process, a briquetting press is required.
Currently, garden shredders are popular - devices for processing branches into chips, used for cleaning summer cottages. The functioning of such units is based on the principle of operation of meat grinders. All types of household shredders are equipped with:
Branching machines of this type can be purchased at specialized stores. However, they are either excessively expensive, or "affordable", but with insufficient power and far from the best quality. In this regard, the independent assembly of the branch shredder is becoming an urgent solution.
The appearance of a purchased unit that chops branches into chips, its operation and the result of processing can be seen in this video.
DIY chopper
A homemade wood chipper has no significant structural differences from purchased units. An unnecessary metal container of a decent volume can become a homemade bunker. Some craftsmen use an old saucepan or barrel for this purpose. At the base of the future bunker, even at the preparatory stage, a hole is drilled for a device that will drive the knives of a homemade device. The simplest way is to use a grinder engine.
Photo of a homemade chopper of branches from a grinder
The cutting mechanism can also be built with your own hands or bought in a store. In the first case, a metal plate with sharpened edges is used.
In the example we are considering, the following construction is proposed:
- direct shredder of branches - a bunker to which a grinder and a knife mechanism are properly attached;
- a supporting structure made of metal on which the unit is installed;
- protective hopper cover.
You can easily find detailed instructions for creating shredders at home on the Internet. On different sites, drawings of simple and not very homemade installations are presented, one of which can be seen below.
Knife disc grinder drawing (most popular on the internet)
The work of a home-made unit for chopping large branches in the country and the result obtained is presented in the following video.
Processing branches, both on an industrial scale and on your own summer cottage, has an unconditional benefit. By processing such waste at the enterprise, specialists receive valuable products, for example, in the form of fuel. Chopping branches into chips in summer cottages, gardeners save themselves from smoke and wasted time and money.
Very often, gardeners and utilities face the question of disposal of household waste in the form of various shrubs, twigs and tree trunks. If large wood waste can be sawn and used in wood-burning stoves, then other tree residues are simply thrown away or burned. With the tightening of environmental requirements, this type of disposal began to give rise to a lot of questions from the relevant government services, which began to impose penalties on the culprits. The appearance on the market of mechanisms, branch shredders, made it possible to solve all these issues.
Disposal of wood waste by mechanical means
The process involves guiding cut tree trunks and branches through the nozzle of a branch chipper equipped with a disc or rotor with knives. The result is wood pulp (mulch).
The advantages of this type of wood waste treatment:
- The legality of this disposal method. Disposal of this type of waste into garbage containers not approved by utilities and dumping in the wrong place may result in a fine. Waste burning is also prohibited.
- Getting an excellent fertilizer. For the individual gardener, it is an unacceptable generosity to take out biological waste from the garden. Thereby draining your land.
The use of artificial fertilizers is not as effective as natural ingredients. By using a wood waste chipper, it is possible to obtain excellent component of compost fertilizer... Beds and garden paths are sprinkled with crushed sawdust.
The business has also learned to profit from shredding waste in the form of shrubs, twigs and other plant components, obtaining various compositions of organic fertilizers.
The disadvantages include the price for a crushing apparatus for crushing waste from tree processing. Although it is worth noting that due to the savings on fertilizer, it is possible to recoup the cost of a wood shredder, not to mention the business projects for the sale of fertilizer additives.
Types of crushers for crushing branches and branches
There are two main, most commonly used wood chipper mechanisms:
- autonomous (gasoline or diesel);
- electric.
The advantages of a combustible fuel grinder include the autonomy of production. With fuel available it will work at any distance from power supplies, which is of great importance for work in large areas and away from electrified settlements.
Gasoline chippers are more powerful and can handle a volume of about 70 mm.
The disadvantage is noise and exhaust of toxic substances. Although modern technology minimizes these problems. The more complex maintenance is also worth noting.
Electric grinding allows you to work with much less noise than gasoline. There are no harmful emissions. Moreover, it is much lighter in weight.
The price of electric models of the chopper is lower than the gasoline ones, as well as the power. But the trunks of trees about 40 mm are quite within the teeth of an electric grinder.
The main disadvantage is attachment to the food source. Power outages and lack of voltage make it useless to use the electric model of the shredder.
Types of knives used in wood chippers
For grinder motors cutting mechanisms are of great importance devices. There are three types of knives:
Power of crushing mechanisms for shredding branches
Unit power - important component in processing branches. In addition to the thickness of the shredded branches, the volume of processing and the duration of the continuous operation of the shredder depend on this.
Not all consumers need powerful mechanisms of branch shredders, therefore the manufacturer distinguishes devices according to various groups of purpose:
- non-professional (amateur;
- semi-professional;
- professional.
Non-professional wood chipper models do not have a lot of power(around 1.6 kW). Able to chop branches up to 30 mm. Powered by electric motors. They may well serve a garden plot with new plantings.
Models of the second level have a power of 2.6 kW. They can be gasoline and electric. Cope with branches up to 40 mm.
Professional crushers are characterized by increased power up to 8 kW. Equipment weight up to 100 kg. They run on gasoline engines. Allows to chop branches up to 75 mm.
What should be guided by when choosing a shredder of branches?
For the hobby gardener, there is no need to purchase a professional shredder. With a constant power supply just buy a simple model shredder of branches.
In the presence of old plantations of shrubs that are planned to be cut down, it is advisable to purchase more powerful models of crushers.
For utilities and entrepreneurs, professional models of shredders are suitable.
In addition to power and power sources, attention should be paid to the design of the chopper knives. Since different devices of the cutting planes allow you to get shredded wood waste of different sizes, such as fine sawdust and small chips.
Additional features of crushers
Household models of branch shredders, in addition to crushing branches, small tree trunks, can shred other organic waste: grass, wood chips, various plants. This is especially true after the end of the harvest of horticultural crops: tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. Processed and used seedlings are excellent components for compost and maintenance of garden beds.
What to look for when working on a branch shredder?
All mechanisms of this type require special care and proper use in accordance with the documentation. The main thing that you definitely need to pay special attention to so as not to spoil the mechanism:
- the items to be disposed of must be no more than the volume to be processed provided for by the instructions of the shredder;
- prevent stones, plastic, fabric, glass, etc. from entering the receiving funnel;
- do not process shrubs, roots with soil on the root system;
- for the least wear on the shredder, it is preferable to handle fresh wood waste.
Safety requirements when working on a shredder
All work on crushing branches and branches must be carried out in goggles or a mask. Depending on the power of the branch chopper, chips can fly, so it is advisable to completely cover your face and head.
Gloves on the hands should be tight-fitting and not slip off the hands. You must dress so that parts of clothing cannot get into the mechanism of the shredder of branches. Do not correct a jammed object while the engine is running.
The branch shredder is a necessary tool in the household. The price of simple models allows almost everyone to purchase it. At present, it is being widely introduced into all private households. And only the lack of information about its advantages does not allow its use everywhere.
It is possible to predict that in the near future, the shredder will become an indispensable piece of garden tools any farm.
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