Alexandra Fedorovna (wife of Nicholas I)- This term has other meanings, see Alexandra Fedorovna. Alexandra Fedorovna Friederike Luise Charlotte Wilhelmine von Preußen ... Wikipedia
Alexandra Fedorovna- Alexandra Fedorovna the name given in Orthodoxy to two spouses of Russian emperors: Alexandra Fedorovna (wife of Nicholas I) (Princess Charlotte of Prussia; 1798 1860) Russian empress, wife of Nicholas I. Alexandra Fedorovna (wife ... ... Wikipedia
ALEXANDRA FYODOROVNA- (real name Alice Victoria Elena Louise Beatrice of Hesse of Darmstadt) (1872 1918), Russian empress, wife of Nicholas II (from 1894). Played a significant role in public affairs. Was under the strong influence of G.E. Rasputin. During the period 1 ... ... Russian history
Alexandra Fedorovna- (1872 1918) Empress (1894 1917), wife of Nicholas II (from 1894), nee. Alice Victoria Elena Louise Beatrice, daughter led. Duke of Hesse of Darmstadt Ludwig IV and Alice of England. From 1878, the English was brought up. Queen Victoria; graduated ... ...
Alexandra Fedorovna- (1798 1860) Empress (1825 60), wife of Nicholas I (from 1818), nee. Frederica Louise Charlotte of Prussia, daughter of the Prussian king Frederick William III and Queen Louise. Mother of the imp. Alra II and Great. book Constantine, Nicholas, Micah. Nikolaevich and led. book ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
ALEXANDRA FYODOROVNA- (25.V.1872 16.VII. 1918) Russian. Empress, wife of Nicholas II (from November 14, 1894). Daughter led. Duke of Hesse of Darmstadt Ludwig IV. Before marriage, she bore the name of Alice Victoria Elena Louise Beatrice. Domineering and hysterical, had a great influence on ... ... Soviet Historical Encyclopedia
Alexandra Fedorovna- ALEXANDRA FYODOROVNA (real name Alice Victoria Elena Louise Beatrice of Hesse of Darmstadt) (1872-1918), born. Empress, wife of Nicholas II (since 1894). Played means. role in the state. affairs. Was under the strong influence of G.E. Rasputin. During the period 1 ... ... Biographical Dictionary
Alexandra Fedorovna-, Russian empress, wife of Nicholas II (from November 14, 1894). Daughter of the Grand Duke of Hesse of Darmstadt Louis IV. Before marriage, she bore the name of Alice Victoria Elena Louise Beatrice. Domineering and hysterical, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Alexandra Feodorovna (Empress, wife of Nicholas II)- ... Wikipedia
Alexandra Feodorovna (Empress, wife of Nicholas I)- ... Wikipedia
Books
- The fate of the Empress, Alexander Bokhanov. This book is about an amazing woman whose life was like both a fairy tale and an adventure novel. Empress Maria Feodorovna ... Daughter-in-law of Emperor Alexander II, wife of the Emperor ... Buy for 543 UAH (Ukraine only)
- The fate of the empress, Bokhanov A.N .. This book is about an amazing woman, whose life was similar to both a fairy tale and an adventure novel. Empress Maria Feodorovna ... Daughter-in-law of Emperor Alexander II, wife of the Emperor ...
The marriage of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna is called a saint. The last emperor and empress in the history of Russia carried their feelings through all trials and tribulations.
5 years of waiting
Love for Alexandra Feodorovna, and then still the princess of Hessian Alice, was the first love of Nicholas II. This feeling was born in him even before he came of age - at the age of 16, and the future king saw his wife in Alice, who was even less - 12! Native princesses also called their baby Sunny, that is, "Sunny", and Nikolai was already thinking about the wedding. “I dream of marrying Alix G. someday. I have loved her for a long time, but especially deeply and strongly since 1889, when she spent 6 weeks in St. Petersburg. All this time I didn’t believe my feeling, didn’t believe that my cherished dream could come true, ”Nikolai wrote in his diary. For five years he waited for the will of God for this marriage, for five years he humbly prayed, asked "adults" and wrote a diary, on the first page of which was a photograph of his Alice. Later he will write to her: “The Savior told us:“ Everything that you ask of God, God will give you. ”These words are infinitely dear to me, because for five years I have been praying them, repeating them every night, begging Him to facilitate Alix's transition to the Orthodox faith and give it to me as a wife. "
The water wears away the stone and breaks through the dam of the parental "no". Five years later, the lovers get married to be together until their death.
Simplicity of habits
Despite the height of the position, which cannot be higher, the emperor and empress led a completely simple life, trying not to indulge in excesses and raising children in severity. They were convinced that everything superfluous only corrupts, that it is "from the evil one." It is known that Nikolai preferred cabbage soup and porridge to exquisite French dishes, and instead of expensive wine he could drink ordinary Russian vodka. The emperor simply swam in the lake with other men, without making something secret of his person and his body.
And the behavior of Alexandra Fyodorovna during the war is known to many - she graduated from the nursing courses and, together with her daughters, worked as a nurse in a hospital. Evil tongues now and then discussed this: they said that such simplicity would reduce the authority of the royal family, then that the empress hates the Russians and helps the German soldiers. Not a single queen in Russia has ever been a nurse. And the activities of Alexandra and her daughters in the hospital did not stop from early morning until late at night.
There are many testimonies that the tsar and tsarina were unusually simple in dealing with soldiers, peasants, orphans - in short, with any person. The queen instilled in her children that everyone is equal before God and that they should not be proud of their position.
Kayaking trips
The royal family usually presents itself in a solemn atmosphere, in the performance of the duties of the leaders of the country. But this is the only way to live, and it is even more difficult in such conditions to preserve and strengthen the family. The Emperor, Empress and their children can also be imagined ... on a canoe trip. Nicholas II had a passion for kayaks since childhood, his parents gave his first kayak to the Tsarevich at the age of 13. Many relatives of the future monarch knew about their love for water, and Nicholas II often received a boat or a kayak as a gift for his birthdays.
Alexandra, with her sore legs (which forced her from an early age to sit in a wheelchair for a while), seeing her husband's passion, happily shared it. And although a long stay in cold water was contraindicated for her, she periodically accompanied her beloved husband. Memoirists, for example, mention her four-kilometer kayak trek through the Finnish skerries.
Charity
Workshops, schools, hospitals, prisons - Empress Alexandra was engaged in all this from the very first years of her marriage. Her own fortune was small, and she had to cut personal expenses in order to carry out charity events. During the famine of 1898, Alexandra gave 50 thousand rubles from her personal funds to fight him - this is an eighth of the family's annual income.
Living in Crimea, the empress took an ardent part in the fate of tuberculosis patients who came to Crimea for treatment. She rebuilt the sanatoriums, providing them with all the improvements - with her own money.
They say that Empress Alexandra was a born sister of mercy, and the wounded were happy when she visited them. Soldiers and officers often asked her to be with them during heavy dressings and operations, saying that it was “not so scary” when the empress was around.
Homes for fallen girls, home for industriousness, school of folk art ...
“The august Family was not limited to financial assistance, but donated their own personal labors,” the monk Seraphim (Kuznetsov) testifies in his book. - How many church airs, veils and other things were embroidered by the hands of the Tsarina and Daughters, sent to the military, monastic and poor churches. I personally had to see these royal gifts and have them even in my distant desert monastery. "
Family understanding laws
The diaries and letters of the royal family are becoming more and more popular in Russia and abroad. Young couples are looking for recipes in them for maintaining a strong and happy family. And, I must say, they find it. Here are some quotes:
"The meaning of marriage is to bring joy. Marriage is a divine ceremony. It is the closest and most sacred bond on earth. After marriage, the main duties of a husband and wife are to live for each other, to give their lives for each other. Marriage is a union. two halves into a single whole. Each until the end of his life is responsible for the happiness and the highest good of the other. "
"The crown of love is silence."
"It is a great art to live together, loving each other tenderly. This should start with the parents themselves. Each house is similar to its creators. A refined nature makes a house refined, a rude person and a house will make a rude one."
Gifts to each other
Small and large gifts to each other were an important part of the Romanov family life. In one of her diaries, Empress Alexandra writes: “A husband and wife should constantly show each other signs of the most tender attention and love. countless small but kind thoughts and sincere feelings. Love also needs its daily bread. "
The Empress's notes are not a theory, but her daily life. She loved to make surprises for Nikolai and the children on a variety of occasions, and Nikolai appreciated and shared this tradition. Perhaps the most famous and traditional gift in their home was Faberge eggs for Easter.
One of the most touching and beautiful eggs is "clover". Its openwork rim bears the image of the Imperial Crown, the date "1902" and the monogram of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, framed with clover flowers. And inside there is a precious four-leafed leaf with 4 portraits of the tsar's daughters: Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia. This egg is a symbol of a happy marriage between Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna, because the four-leaf clover, which is so rarely found in nature, is a promise of happiness. And the egg itself is symbolic: it is Easter, and eternal birth, and family, and the Universe, and belief in the appearance of an heir.
Honeymoon 23 years long
All families remember their wedding day, but Alix and Nikolai even celebrated ... their engagement day every year. This day, April 8, they always spent together, and for the first time parted when they were already over forty. In April 1915, the emperor was at the front, but even there he received a warm letter from his beloved: “For the first time in 21 years we are not spending this day together, but how vividly I remember everything! My dear boy, what happiness and what love you gave me over all these years ... You know, I kept that "princess dress" in which I was that morning, and I will put on your favorite brooch ... "After so many years of marriage, the empress confessed in letters that she was kissing Nikolai's pillow when he is not around, and Nikolai still became shy, like a young man, if they met after a long separation.
No wonder other contemporaries said with some envy: "Their honeymoon lasted 23 years ..."
On the day of the wedding, Alix wrote in Nikolai's diary: "When this life is over, we will meet again in another world and remain together forever."
Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova was born on June 7, 1872 in Darmstadt. The future Empress was the daughter of the Grand Duke of Hesse - Ludwig of Darmstadt and the English princess Alice.
The parents named their daughter Alix Elena Louise Beatrice. She was the sixth child in the family. It is worth noting that Queen Victoria of England was her grandmother.
Alix's mother loved England, and her children received a real English upbringing. The daughter ate oatmeal for breakfast, ate potatoes and meat for lunch, and ate puddings and baked apples for dessert. Alix slept on a soldier's bed, and in the morning she took a cold bath.
Since childhood, Alix was characterized by shyness, with which she had to fight in adulthood. Her mother died early, saw Alix and the death of her little brother, who died in an accident. These events left a deep mark on her heart.
After the death of her mother, Alix took up her studies, and very hard. Her teacher was Margaret Jackson, an Englishwoman who had a great influence on the formation of the personality of the future empress. By the age of 15, the girl knew literature, history, art, geography and mathematics very well.
She played the piano well. The princess knew foreign languages - English and French, read serious literature.
With her future husband Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov, Alix first met at the wedding of her older sister, who married Nikolai's uncle, Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov. Visiting her sister, she met more than once with the heir to the Russian throne.
In 1889, he wanted to marry Alix, but did not receive the blessing of his parents for this. and Maria Feodorovna Romanovs believed that Alix was not the best wife for the future emperor. For a long time, Nikolai and Alix corresponded, exchanged gifts.
In the spring of 1894, the parents nevertheless gave their consent to the marriage of Nicholas II to Alix. It was not an easy decision. In order to become the wife of Nikolai Alexandrovich, Alix had to convert to Christianity. It was very difficult for Alix to renounce Lutheranism, but she still converted to Orthodoxy. Affected by the influence of Nicholas II and the elder sister Ella, who converted to Orthodoxy when she became the wife of Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov.
Alix arrived in the Russian Empire shortly before the death of her husband's father, Alexander III. The baptism was conducted by John of Kronstadt. During the rite of baptism, Alix received a Russian name. Now she was called Alexandra Fedorovna. Patronymic Fedorovna, she received later, before the wedding. German princesses adopted the Orthodox faith in front of the image of the Most Holy Theotokos Feodorovskaya - the patroness of the royal dynasty.
Alexandra Feodorovna diligently prepared for marriage. The future Empress diligently studied Russian. Russian speech came very easily to her. She quickly learned to write and read, a little later she was able to speak Russian fluently. In addition to the usual Russian language, Alexandra Feodorovna also learned the Church Slavonic language. This allowed her to read liturgical books and the works of Russian saints.
Their wedding took place on November 27, 1894. The wedding ceremony was conducted by John of Kronstadt. The royal couple, who were in mourning for the death of Alexander III, did not arrange receptions and celebrations. The young people did not go on their honeymoon either.
Contemporaries describe Alexandra Fedorovna as a very graceful woman. She was frail, beautifully built, with a beautiful neck and shoulders. Her hair was long, it was golden and thick. The empress's complexion is pink, like that of a small child. The eyes are large, dark gray, always alive. Later, sadness and anxiety betrayed a hidden sadness in the eyes of the empress.
On May 27, 1896, in the Assumption Cathedral, the coronation of the royal family took place. The anointing to the kingdom, the sacrament of the Church is the oath of the sovereign to rule the country, the acceptance of responsibility for the state and people before God. Absolute power bestows absolute responsibility. During the wedding to the kingdom, a tragedy occurred on the Khodynskoye field ...
Alexandra Feodorovna and Nicholas II were depressed. But the planned celebrations could not be canceled. Russia’s ally, France, invested heavily in the festivities, and would have had a strong grievance if the festivities were canceled. The royal couple spent a lot of time in Moscow hospitals, empathizing with the victims.
From the first days of her anointing, the Empress wanted to change the life of Russian high society a little. Her first project on this occasion was the organization of a circle of needlewomen, consisting of court ladies. Each of its participants had to sew three dresses a year, and send them to the poor. The circle did not last long.
In 1895, Alexandra Feodorovna became a mother. The Empress gave birth to a daughter. In total, she had 5 children. Four daughters and one son - the heir to the throne, Tsarevich Alexei. Russian society treated the Empress coldly. Soon this cold turned into open confrontation, hatred. Therefore, she plunged headlong into family affairs and charitable affairs.
Happy Alexandra Feodorovna felt only in the circle of her loved ones. She was engaged in raising children herself. She believed that communication with young ladies of high society would spoil her children, so she rarely took them to receptions. She did not spoil children, although she loved them dearly. I ordered dresses for them myself. The clothes of the royal children also wore ceremonial uniforms with skirts that corresponded to the shape of the regiments led by the Grand Duchesses.
Alexandra Feodorovna was a great devotee of charity. She was an impeccable mother and wife, and knew firsthand what love and pain were. Provided all possible assistance to mothers in need. During the famine that broke out in 1898, she donated 50 thousand rubles from her personal funds for the hungry.
On the initiative of the Empress, workhouses, schools for nurses, orthopedic clinics for sick children were created in the Russian Empire. Since the beginning, she spent all her money on helping the widows of soldiers, the wounded and orphans. Also the concern of Alexandra Feodorovna was the school of folk art, which she founded in St. Petersburg.
She taught children to keep diaries and write letters. Thus, she instilled in them literacy. It was a kind of educational trick. Children learned to express their thoughts competently and coherently, to share impressions. The royal couple were an example of a real Christian life.
The relationship of the Emperor and Empress was based on sincere love, which they gave not only to each other, but also to their children. The Romanov couple waited for an heir for a long time, for a long time, they prayed to God for a son. And, on August 12, 1904, a son was born in the family -.
Empress Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova did not particularly go into state affairs, although her influence on the sovereign was enormous. The main concern in her life was still children, the upbringing of which took all the time.
During the First World War, when the Emperor became the supreme commander in chief, and was at Headquarters, the Empress began to think about state affairs, as it should be in such cases. Alexandra Fedorovna, worked with her daughters in hospitals. Often at night she came to the cemetery where the soldiers were buried. She walked around the graves and fervently prayed for the souls of the dead Russian soldiers.
Empress Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova was brutally murdered along with her husband and children on July 17, 1918 in the basement of the Ipatiev House. The main thing in the life of the empress was love for God and neighbor, caring for her family and those in need. Prayer was a consolation for Alexandra Fyodorovna, the inspirer of all the empress's merciful deeds.
Nicholas II and Alexandra Fedorovna
The future Emperor Nicholas II was born in 1868 in the family of Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna. The Empress was the daughter of King Christian of Denmark and her girlhood was called Dagmara.
Nicholas grew up in an atmosphere of a luxurious imperial court, but in a strict and, one might say, almost Spartan setting. Having received his primary education, he moved on to study the disciplines provided for by the programs of the Academy of the General Staff and two faculties of the university - law and economics.
Nicholas was promoted to staff captains and assigned to the Life Guards Preobrazhensky regiment. To join the cavalry service, his father transferred him to the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, where he commanded a squadron.
In 1890, the training of the heir was completed. In the month of May, Nikolai wrote in his diary: "Today I have finally and forever stopped my studies."
It is curious that Nikolai had his first love for Princess Alice of Hesse, who in a few years will become his wife. They first met in 1884 in St. Petersburg at the wedding of Ella Gessenskaya (Alice's older sister) with the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. She was 12 years old, he was 16. In 1889, Alix spent six weeks in St. Petersburg. Later, Nikolai wrote: “I dream of marrying Alix G. someday. I have loved her for a long time, but especially deeply and strongly since 1889 ... All this for a long time I didn’t believe my feeling, didn’t believe that my cherished dream could come true”.
Empress Maria Feodorovna fundamentally opposed marriage to a German princess (all her life she was a staunch Germanophobe).
Alice-Victoria-Helena-Louise-Beatrice (that was her full name) was born in Darmstadt in 1872 and was the fourth daughter of the Duke of Hesse Ludwig and his wife, Duchess Alice of England, the youngest daughter of Queen Victoria.
When Alix was six years old, together with her sisters and mother, she fell ill with diphtheria; she recovered herself, but her mother and the youngest sister Mary, two years old, died. Alix not only became an orphan, but also remained the youngest child in the family of the Grand Duke of Hesse Ludwig IV. Queen Victoria took her granddaughter to her upbringing. No one knew that Alice of England was a carrier of the hemophilia gene.
From childhood, Alix was an extremely reserved and serious child, amazed those around her with her interests. From an early age she was drawn to literature, constantly reading and taking notes on books on philosophy and theology. She was later awarded a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge.
Meanwhile, Tsarevich Nikolai was carried away by the ballerina Kshesinskaya. But even during this period, he did not forget about Alix. Kshesinskaya wrote later: “He did not hide from me that of all those who were prophesied to him as a bride, he considered her the most suitable, that he was attracted to her more and more, that she would be his chosen one, if parental permission followed. ... "
In the spring of 1894, Alexander III and Maria Fedorovna yielded to their son's wishes. But there was still one more obstacle to marriage - the bride had to convert to Orthodoxy. Knowing how seriously Alix takes religion, Nikolai knew that this would not be easy to achieve.
In April, the Tsarevich with his uncles, Grand Dukes Sergei and Vladimir, as well as their wives, left Petersburg for Coburg to attend the wedding of the Duke of Hesse, Alix's elder brother.
During this visit, Nikolai proposed to Alix. “What a day today! - he wrote in his diary. - After coffee at 10 o'clock, I went with Aunt Ella to Alix. She looked remarkably prettier, but looked extremely sad. We were left alone, and then that conversation began between us, which I had long and strongly desired and, together, was very afraid. They talked until 12-14 o'clock, but to no avail, she still opposes the change of religion. She, poor, cried a lot. We parted more calmly. "
But the very next day, Alix surrendered. Nikolai jubilantly wrote in his diary: "A wonderful, unforgettable day in my life, the day of my engagement to my dear and beloved Alix ..."
In June, Nikolai once again visited England, where he met with Alix. Returning to Gatchina, the Tsarevich found the family in great concern for his father's health. But, despite the indisposition, the emperor went hunting in Spala. Here Alexander got even worse. At the insistence of the doctors, he moved to Livadia, to the Crimea. Nikolai accompanied him.
Alix arrived in Crimea in October. What happiness this meeting would have given under different circumstances! But for Nicholas, there is a time of anxiety and endless worries.
The next day, when the palace was draped in black, Alix converted to Orthodoxy and from that day she began to be called Grand Duchess Alexandra Fedorovna.
On November 7, the ceremonial burial of the late emperor took place in the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg, and a week later the wedding of Nicholas and Alexandra took place. This wedding, played in the midst of funeral dirges, made a painful impression on all contemporaries.
Immediately after the wedding ceremony, the imperial couple moved to the Anichkov Palace. Here, in an apartment of six rooms, they spent their first winter. Nikolai was engaged in state affairs in a small office, and in the next room his wife was studying Russian; they could see each other whenever they wanted, and were immensely happy about it. Soon after the wedding, Alexandra wrote in her husband's diary: "I never imagined that I could be so absolutely happy in the whole world, so feel the unity of two mortals."
In the spring of 1895, Nikolai moved his wife to Tsarskoe Selo. They settled in the Alexander Palace, which remained the main home of the imperial couple for 22 years. Everything here was arranged according to their tastes and desires, and therefore Tsarskoe always remained their favorite place.
Having become empress, Alexandra Feodorovna found herself in the atmosphere of an exquisite and wealthy Russian court, which was rather cool towards her. The empress dowager retained her influence here for a long time, who did not show much sympathy for her daughter-in-law. In the environment of Maria Feodorovna, Princess Alice received the insulting nickname "Hessian fly". The innate shyness of the young queen, often mistaken for cold arrogance, did not contribute to the growth of her popularity.
The queen tried to hide from the outside world in her family. A year after the wedding, her daughter Olga was born. Tatyana was born in 1897, Maria in 1899, Anastasia in 1901. Caring for children or upbringing and education occupied her constantly. However, there was still no complete happiness. Father and mother longed for a son. An heir was needed, but the years passed, and still the son was not there.
On August 12, 1904, the fifth child was born into the imperial family. To the great joy of the parents, it turned out to be a boy. Nicholas wrote in his diary: “A great unforgettable day for us, on which the mercy of God so clearly visited us. At 1 o'clock in the afternoon, Alix gave birth to a son, who was named Alexei during prayer. "
However, immeasurable joy was soon overshadowed by a tragic discovery: the Tsarevich suffered from hemophilia (incoagulability of blood), which was a hereditary disease in the Hessian family. The brother, uncle and two nephews of Alexandra Fyodorovna died of this terrible disease. Fear for the life of the heir, who was in serious danger with any bruise or scratch, forever settled in the soul of the empress.
The next years were spent in a difficult struggle for the life and health of the heir. The empress was especially worried about Alexei, who became suspicious and extremely religious. Having lost faith in doctors, she placed all her hopes on the mercy of God. All sorts of strangers and God's people became welcome guests in the imperial family. Gradually, the Siberian peasant Grigory Rasputin stood out among them and gained tremendous strength.
Rasputin first appeared in St. Petersburg in 1905, when he was 36 years old. This man possessed a phenomenal gift of suggestion. He prophesied - and many of his predictions came true, he undertook to heal people - and indeed, after communicating with him, many felt relief.
Grigory Rasputin was the only person capable of alleviating the suffering of the heir. Outside the narrow family circle, no one knew about the fact that Alexei was seriously ill, and about the power of Rasputin's charms.
Rasputin's communication with Nikolai and Alexandra exactly corresponded to his role. He was respectful, but never subservient; he could laugh out loud and criticize freely. Gregory addressed the reigning persons, calling them not "Your Majesty", but "father" and "mother". In 1912, in Spala, Tsarevich Alexei almost died after a severe hemorrhage. The doctors admitted their powerlessness, and only the mysterious intervention of Rasputin once again saved the heir. From that time on, Rasputin's authority in the eyes of the imperial couple became unlimited.
Nikolai loved his family very much. Every day he took walks with the children. In winter, the emperor and his children enthusiastically built ice slides. In the evening, he would often sit in the family living room, reading aloud, while his wife and daughters did their handiwork. By his choice, it could be Tolstoy, Turgenev or his favorite writer Gogol. But there could be some fashion novel.
Meanwhile, Russia was going through one of the most turbulent stages in its history. Following the Japanese war, the first revolution began, suppressed with great difficulty. The Emperor had to agree to the establishment of the State Duma. The next seven years were lived in peace and even relative prosperity.
In the consolation and support of the Tsar, Alexandra Feodorovna saw one of the main goals of her life. Fear for Nicholas's life was constantly present and all the time intensified, and this feeling, after the murder of Ella's sister's husband by the revolutionaries in 1905, took on a maniacal character. "There is enmity and conspiracy all around!" the empress exclaimed more than once. She found tranquility and peace of mind in prayer and in conversations on spiritual topics, which she willingly and often led both in the family circle and outside it with priests and various "God's people" - wanderers, fortunetellers, clairvoyants.
At one time it seemed that Russia would be able to avoid new social upheavals, but the outbreak of World War I in 1914 made the revolution inevitable.
Trying to do good, Alexandra Feodorovna took up activities simply unthinkable for a person of her rank and position. She not only patronized the sanitary detachments, established and took care of hospitals, including in the palaces of Tsarskoye Selo, but together with her older daughters, she graduated from medical assistant courses and began to work as a nurse.
The crushing defeats of the Russian army in the spring and summer of 1915 forced Nicholas to personally lead the army. Since then, he spent a lot of time in Mogilev and could not delve deeply into state affairs. Alexandra with great zeal undertook to help her husband. The empress consulted with Rasputin on all questions. The influence of the latter on all aspects of state life just at that time increased terribly. It got to the point that, at his whim, ministers were appointed and changed. All those who cared about the prestige of the dynasty - ministers, grand dukes, generals and Duma deputies - agreed that Rasputin should be eliminated. In December 1916, the "great old man" was killed. The Empress wrote a poem for the death of “her friend”.
During the February Revolution, Nicholas II signed an abdication in favor of his brother Mikhail, but he refused to accept power.
Meanwhile, the position of the imperial family gradually deteriorated. Under pressure from the Petrograd Soviet, the Provisional Government arrested the tsar's family and imprisoned them in the Tsarskoye Selo Palace.
Nikolay and Alexandra resumed classes with children. Nikolai himself took over the teaching of history and geography. Through newspapers and magazines, he followed political and military events with keen interest. I fiddled with children for a long time, cleaned the snow on the paths myself and read a lot.
The situation in the country began to worsen again. The head of the Provisional Government, Kerensky, decided that for the sake of safety, the royal family should be sent away from the capital. After much hesitation, he ordered the transfer of the Romanovs to Tobolsk.
The house of the Tobolsk governor, designated for the life of the deposed sovereign and his family, turned out to be dilapidated. For eight days, while the repairs were underway, the Romanovs lived on a steamer. The move took place on 13 August. The royal family lived in this house for eight months.
The future began to instill more and more concern in Nikolai. The October coup made a painful impression on him.
On April 22, Commissar Yakovlev arrived in Tobolsk with soldiers. He had an order to transport the Romanovs to Moscow. Near Omsk, the train was stopped, and Yakovlev was ordered to transfer the royal family into the hands of the Ural Council in Yekaterinburg. From the station, the Romanovs were taken by car to the house of the merchant Ipatiev.
On the night of July 17, Nicholas II, Alexandra, their children and four confidants were shot in the basement by order of the Ural Council.
Eighty years later, the remains of the royal family were buried in the Catherine's side-altar of the former winter church of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg.
From the book Thoughts, Aphorisms and Jokes of Outstanding Women the authorALEXANDRA FEDOROVNA (1872–1918), Russian empress, wife of Nicholas II Soon after the outbreak of the First World War: Our people do not always realize that the property of another people is sacred and inviolable - victory does not mean robbery. * * * On the eve of February
From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (AL) of the author TSB From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (AN) of the author TSB From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BU) of the author TSB From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (VO) of the author TSB From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (PA) of the author TSB From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (RO) of the author TSB From the book Dictionary of Modern Quotes the author Dushenko Konstantin VasilievichALEXANDRA FEDOROVNA (1872-1918), Russian Empress 34 * Russians need a whip - that's their nature. Letter to Nicholas II dated 13 December. 1916 “How long (...) I have heard the same thing being said -“ Russia loves to feel the whip ”- it is in their nature - tender love, and then an iron hand, so that
From the book of 100 famous symbols of the Soviet era the author Khoroshevsky Andrey YurievichAlexandra Pakhmutova and Nikolai Dobronravov Once Alya Pakhmutova, who had just turned three years old, went with her mother Maria Andreevna to the cinema. The film was musical, with a lot of songs and beautiful melodies. Arriving home, mom went to the kitchen, and
From the book Big Dictionary of Quotes and Expressions the author Dushenko Konstantin VasilievichALEXANDRA FEDOROVNA (1872-1918), Russian empress, wife of Nicholas II 155 How long ago<…>I hear them say the same thing - "Russia loves to feel the whip" - it is in their nature - tender love, and then an iron hand to punish and direct. Letter to Nicholas II dated December 13.
From the book The Court of Russian Emperors. Encyclopedia of life and everyday life. In 2 volumes Volume 1 the author Zimin Igor ViktorovichEmpress Alexandrovna Fyodorovna Empress Alexandrovna Fyodorovna was not loved in Russia. And by 1917 they were simply hated. This attitude towards the empress was also manifested in the descriptions of her appearance: “It cannot be said that the external impression she made was favorable.
This term has other meanings, see Alexandra Fedorovna. Alexandra Fedorovna Friederike Luise Charlotte Wilhelmine von Preußen ... Wikipedia
Alexandra Fedorovna is the name given in Orthodoxy to two spouses of Russian emperors: Alexandra Fedorovna (wife of Nicholas I) (Princess Charlotte of Prussia; 1798 1860) Russian empress, wife of Nicholas I. Alexandra Fedorovna (wife ... ... Wikipedia
- (real name Alice Victoria Elena Louise Beatrice of Hesse of Darmstadt) (1872 1918), Russian empress, wife of Nicholas II (from 1894). Played a significant role in public affairs. Was under the strong influence of G.E. Rasputin. During the period 1 ... ... Russian history
Alexandra Fedorovna- (1872 1918) Empress (1894 1917), wife of Nicholas II (from 1894), nee. Alice Victoria Elena Louise Beatrice, daughter led. Duke of Hesse of Darmstadt Ludwig IV and Alice of England. From 1878, the English was brought up. Queen Victoria; graduated ... ...
Alexandra Fedorovna- (1798 1860) Empress (1825 60), wife of Nicholas I (from 1818), nee. Frederica Louise Charlotte of Prussia, daughter of the Prussian king Frederick William III and Queen Louise. Mother of the imp. Alra II and Great. book Constantine, Nicholas, Micah. Nikolaevich and led. book ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary
- (25.V.1872 16.VII. 1918) Russian. Empress, wife of Nicholas II (from November 14, 1894). Daughter led. Duke of Hesse of Darmstadt Ludwig IV. Before marriage, she bore the name of Alice Victoria Elena Louise Beatrice. Domineering and hysterical, had a great influence on ... ... Soviet Historical Encyclopedia
Alexandra Fedorovna- ALEXANDRA FYODOROVNA (real name Alice Victoria Elena Louise Beatrice of Hesse of Darmstadt) (1872-1918), born. Empress, wife of Nicholas II (since 1894). Played means. role in the state. affairs. Was under the strong influence of G.E. Rasputin. During the period 1 ... ... Biographical Dictionary
Russian Empress, wife of Nicholas II (from November 14, 1894). Daughter of the Grand Duke of Hesse of Darmstadt Louis IV. Before marriage, she bore the name of Alice Victoria Elena Louise Beatrice. Domineering and hysterical, ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
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Books
- The fate of the Empress, Alexander Bokhanov. This book is about an amazing woman whose life was like both a fairy tale and an adventure novel. Empress Maria Feodorovna ... Daughter-in-law of Emperor Alexander II, wife of the Emperor ...
- The fate of the empress, Bokhanov A.N .. This book is about an amazing woman, whose life was similar to both a fairy tale and an adventure novel. Empress Maria Feodorovna ... Daughter-in-law of Emperor Alexander II, wife of the Emperor ...
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