The 1- and 2-point belts discussed above are not without their drawbacks. Disadvantages of single-point belts: inconvenient work with long weapons, the requirement of either constant control of the weapon or additional devices for fixing the weapon on the operator’s body, and even with them, many operations are inconvenient due to loose suspension. Disadvantages of two-point belts: the difficulty of throwing the weapon onto the aiming line from a comfortable carrying position, the difficulty of transferring to the second shoulder without removing the belt from the body, and the low density of the suspension at a relatively convenient length for operation. The so-called three-point belts are designed to eliminate these shortcomings, which they do with varying success. The main feature of three-point belts is the ability to move the front attachment (suspension) along the weapon from the front swivel all the way to the rear suspension point (swivel) or almost to the rear suspension point. This is usually accomplished by sliding the front sling along a sling stretched along the weapon, from the front swivel to the rear sling (rear sling). Due to this, the functionality of quickly converting a two-point belt in the extreme forward position and a single-point belt in the extreme rear position of the front suspension (hereinafter referred to as PP) is realized.
Due to the convenience provided by their primary functionality, three-point seat belts are relatively rarely equipped with the capabilities described in the previous section. The only frequently encountered feature is the quick reset feature. Parts such as shoulder straps, shock-absorbing elements, and operational changes in length are the exception rather than the rule, and the function of turning into a single-point belt naturally comes from the basic functionality of the belt.
It makes sense to use three-point belts for rather long and therefore inconvenient weapons during long-term walking in case of constant readiness to immediately open fire. The design feature of most models of three-point belts allows you to fold the guide and the sling that wraps around the operator’s body along the length and get the effect of a regular two-point belt with minimal functionality.
It should be noted, however, that not all operators like three-point belts. In some cases, it is not rational to install a three-point belt on a weapon at all. First of all, the reason for this is the interfering guide line running along the weapon. For example, a three-point belt makes it very difficult to juggle the forend in pump-action shotguns. When used by a left-handed person, the guide line may obstruct the weapon's controls and/or the ejection port.
The diagram of the three-point belt can be understood from the drawings I found on the Internet:
Three-point belts can be somewhat roughly divided into 2 large groups:
1. Belts with the possibility of a stable position of the PP in 2 extreme positions: front and back, without the possibility of quick fixation in intermediate positions.
2. Belts with the ability to easily fix the PP anywhere within the front and rear fastening of the belt.
Let's take a closer look at them.
1. For group I belts, a stable forward position of the PP is achieved through a quick-release fastening, usually on a fastex or buttons. In some cases, mainly on the earliest belts, a stable front mounting of the PP is not made at all, and the forward position of the PP is stabilized by the position of the weapon. The posterior position is not stabilized, but can be limited to prevent the PP from approaching the posterior attachment point. This is done to limit the possibility of turning into a full-fledged single-point belt (in terms of operating functions) in favor of a tighter girth and a more stable position of a long weapon. The ability to transfer weapons to the second shoulder is often limited or somewhat complicated (see diagram). The limiter is usually made on a double-slot buckle.
Let's look at examples:
1) It is difficult for me to determine exactly when three-point belts were invented. I have not yet been able to determine the beginning of the spread of three-point belts among military and civilian security forces. There is still some data among hunters. The earliest Russian-language source available to me is “Everything about a hunting rifle”, E.V. Steingold (second edition 1978) under the name “fast belt”. Presumably the design was known before the first edition in 1974. Due to the conservatism of hunters, such designs have not become widespread among hunters, but still continue to be used, usually with some minor changes.
2) Despite the low prevalence of the so-called. “fast belts” among hunters, new ideas based on the same principle continue to appear. For example, the “Bison” belt. It is distinguished by a patented (however, quite simple and ingenious) principle of fixing the PP at the front swivel, implemented by focusing the ring (manufactured, by the way, by Duraflex) into the specially left short free end of the rigid sling. In this case, fixation occurs automatically when the PP is brought to the extreme forward position, and separation of the PP, as far as I understand, should be done by opening the ring or pressing the fixing end of the foot. The “Bison Blitz” belt differs only in the added quick release fastex.
video
3) As the simplest implementation of a three-point belt, a standard Soviet 6Sh5 belt can be used in the appropriate assembly option. There is no function for changing the belt length.
4) A simple and at the same time quite interesting option is implemented in the standard belt for the G36. The method of hanging the fixing fastex somewhat relieves it in the closed position due to high friction on the sling and thereby increases the strength and reliability of the PP fixation unit. Note that the standard used carabiners have a hole that allows you to optionally detach the front carabiner from the swivel and attach it to the rear one, creating a typical simple single point sling. However, not all belts have this hole.
5) Another similar option is provided in the standard belt for the L85A1. Having a similar PP fixation unit, it differs in the relatively complex fastening of the sling strap directly to the swivels on the weapon and the quick-adjustment unit for the belt on a three-slot buckle. To make it easier to control the belt, the three-slot buckle has a special loop. Please note that in one of the photos the belt is inserted into the buckle in a non-standard manner.
6) I’ll also mention the standard belt for FAMAS. Representing a fairly simple three-point belt, it is interesting in the method of front attachment of the belt. It is implemented, apparently, using a special mechanism in the front belt fastening unit. The PP is fixed only by the pressing force of the elastic U-shaped plate.
7) A simple option is implemented in Our Close Quarters Battle (CQB) 3 Point Tactical Slings. There is no provision for fixing the PP in the forward position, but there is a movement limiter for the PP in the form of a double-slot buckle. Fastex quick release available. Almost the same solution is used in the Giles Tactical Rifle Sling. The differences are the absence of a quick-release fastex and the use of quick-mount swivels. Please note that, in principle, you can abandon the ring sliding along the guide sling and use the fastex slot for this.
8) Belt from SPEC-OPS under the strange name MAMBA. The design includes a shock-absorbing element, a quick-release fastex, an operational regulation function implemented on the fastex slits, a double-slot buckle for adjusting the position of the PP, and, for some reason, a fastex with an online adjustment function on the guide sling.
9) Flyye belt. Shown here as an example of a typical commercial three-point belt with minimal functionality. The PP is fixed using fastex. The PP suspension unit is made on a three-slot buckle, to the middle bridge of which a detachable half of the fastex is sewn on a separate section of the sling. To prevent the fastex from dangling, both halves of it are pressed against the guide sling with couplings made of textile elastic. Please note that the belt in the photo is stretched to its maximum and the adjustable three-slot buckle is located directly at the PP. The user also added a Soviet carbine in addition to the front carbine.
10) A couple of simple belts that I once made from cotton slings for airsoft drives for me and a friend. Essentially my first belt designs. The PP fixation is made on the basis of 2 buttons. Sewing work was carried out only on a piece of artificial black sling with buttons. Otherwise, the belts consist of one piece without a single seam. The belts were assembled using semi-homemade double-slit metal buckles, in which the factory middle part was replaced with thicker wire. Rings were made from the same buckles with the middle part removed. Pay attention to the not-so-successful solution for fixing the PP, used by a friend: after unfastening the belt, it should slip through the ring and at the same time clings to it a little with the buttons.
11) Belt Zastava RTB1 Serpentine. Canvas belts, steel fittings, there is no fixation of the PP in the extreme forward position, there are restrictive double-slot buckles, shoulder straps, a quick release function, apparently not on the fastex (to open it you need to pull a special tab, it could be a forge buckle). Army-style, simple, reliable and brutal.
12) Belt Zastava RAS and RAS-M. Also canvas straps and steel fittings. The PP ring in the forward position is fixed by hooking on a special hook (hook). For operation, the ring must be specially removed from the hook. The M model added a quick release rear weapon mount. The photo shows model M.
13) I will present a version I once made based on a belt from the Ukrainian company “Shkval” with some consideration for the design of the ART belt from the Ukrainian company STS. There are minor differences in the method of front and rear attachment to the weapon. The PP fixation is implemented on the basis of 4 buttons. Why more buttons? The fact is that the use of fastexes to fix the PP and a nearby quick reset can lead to an error during operation when the operator opens the wrong fastex, although this is often done (I don’t give examples, if you wish, follow the link http:// www.ar15.com/forums/t_3_19/252462_.html&page=1). Therefore, I think, it is necessary to separate the fixation of the PP and the quick release according to tactile sensations (for example, by closing the quick release with a coupling made of wide textile elastic or by using a fastex of a slightly different shape and/or size) or even the principles of opening (for example, by using a self-release buckle, a buckle Kovac, etc.). I followed the path of least resistance and, following the example of the Shkval company and others, used buttons. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the upper section of the sling with buttons used for gripping by hand when opening the attachment point of the PP is not on the PP but on the front fastening of the belt to the weapon. In this case, when the PP is released, the second hand continues to control the weapon in the area of the forearm, and does not “move” back along with the PP. Please also pay attention to the different options for passing the sling through the slots of the fastex - with the possibility of adjustment and simply through the second slot with adjustment of the length of the belt due to the double-slot buckle on the belt further on. I first removed the double-slit buckle that limits the backward movement of the PP, and then returned it, adding a quick adjustment loop to it. A similar solution is sometimes used in single-point belts, but this is the first time it has been used for three-point belts (at least I haven’t seen it).
2. Belts of group II have a variety of complexity options for implementing the adjustable position of the PP. The simplest one (note that there is also a fast reset fastex) is shown in the diagram.
Let's move straight to the examples.
1) A belt I once made for testing for my first airsoft spring. The goal is to experimentally prove to yourself the possibility of creating a three-point weapon belt from an ordinary modern detachable belt for a bag. To do this, one seam was opened (on a double-slit buckle), 1 double-slit buckle was added, and the belt was reassembled. Moving the position of the PP is realized simply on a double-slit buckle. Pay attention to the position of the double-slot buckle - it is installed in an inverted position to reduce friction. In principle, the belt can be easily upgraded by inserting a quick release fastex. In the modernized version, there is some risk of accidental unfastening of the quick release fastex, which is located just at the point where you grab it with your hand to change the position of the PP. As is easy to see, the modernized version is a functional copy of the circuit presented at the beginning of the description of the group. This similarity is not accidental - such a solution suggests itself and actually lies on the surface. Note: when adjusting the position of the PP, the guide sling must be unloaded, which requires holding the weapon with the first hand and transferring the weight of the weapon to it.
2) The strap I have listed as the Gear Sector GS-3P Quick Adjust Sling. In principle, it does not require any special description. Adjustment of the position of the PP is made on the basis of a double-slit buckle and a flat ring
3) The standard Soviet weapon belt 6Sh5 can also be used to create a three-point belt with an adjustable PP position. The length of the belt is not adjustable. Due to the geometry of the steel double-slot buckle and the thickness of the canvas sling, the friction in the PP position adjustment unit is too high, which makes adjustment difficult.
4) A solution based on 5 flat rings is implemented in the I.M.P.D belt. 3-POINT TACTICAL SINGLE POINT SLING. This and the options below are much more difficult to implement and somewhat more difficult to operate. The same solution was used by LiveJournal user g-r-i-s-h-k-a for himself and for k-a-r-d-e-na, for example. The assembly method is presented in part 2 of this work. Please note that the GTS belt (manufactured by g-r-i-s-h-k-a) does not have a shoulder strap, but does have a shock-absorbing element.
5) Belts whose adjustment is based on the use of a non-automatic clamp are shown in the following photographs. As far as I understand, the largest manufacturer and possibly developer is Specter Gear (SOP Specter Gear series). Using the option with a clamp has the advantages that the clamp can be used as a clamp for the extreme forward position of the PP and when it is released, the belt acts like the belts of the first group, and can be used as a clamp for the position of the PP anywhere on the guide sling, which is typical for belts of the second groups. Pay attention to the options for hanging the PP to the guide sling - there are solutions using 2 slots of the quick release fastex adjustment unit. In the photos with a wide sling - a belt made by LJ user Johnny Tower.
6) Belt “Dolg M2”. It differs significantly from other belts in its operating principle. For all previous models, the PP slides along a guide sling. As a result, the overall perimeter of the grip located on the operator’s body (both the sling running along the weapon and the sling from the rear attachment to the PP point are taken into account) changes. In the extreme forward position of the PP, the length of the operator’s body circumference perimeter is maximum, which is partially compensated by the significant distance to the front swivel (mount), and in the extreme rear position it is minimal, which is also partially compensated by the optimal shape of the curve, which no longer has straight sections along the weapon. In the “Dolg M2” belt, the function of moving the PP is not implemented by sliding along the guide line. The belt consists of 2 main parts: the main girth and the “pull-up tape”. The main girth, as the name implies, is closed in a ring, wraps around the operator’s body and is attached to the weapon at the rear attachment point with the ability to slide its sling through the attachment. The pull-up tape is attached to the front swivel (mount) and passes through a three-slot buckle located on the main girth in the classic way. In this way, a quick change in the length of the working part of the pull-up tape is realized. By shortening the working part with a pull at the free (and stitched for convenience to the length of the grip) end of the pull-up tape, the operator pulls the three-slot buckle forward and gets the effect of moving the PP to the front swivel (mount). By pulling the working protrusion of the three-slot buckle, which the developers call a “pedal”, the operator lengthens the working part of the pull-up tape and gets the effect of moving the PP back to the rear fastening. During these operations, the main girth sling slips through the rear fastening. The effect of the guide sling is present and is realized both due to the pull-up tape and due to the main girth. Sorry for such a detailed description, but as research on the Internet has shown, many people don’t understand it just from photographs. As a result of this implementation, the density of hanging the weapon from the operator’s body is higher than that of competitors, without compromising the ease of operation. A natural drawback of this belt is the hanging free part of the pull-up tape. Some operators have complaints that the tape tends to cling to various objects and get in the way. However, most operators do not express such complaints. Being, in the eyes of the developers, a development of the “Dolg M1” belt, it inherited and received other shortcomings. During development, apparently, the authors sought to ensure maximum tension in the part of the belt running along the weapon in the extreme forward position of the PP by resting the fittings on the rear mount. Therefore, the main girth consists of 2 parts, connected on one side with a quick-release fastex, and on the other with a duplicated knot on 3 double-slot buckles. In the first version of the belt, the quick release fastex was located at the back and rested against the rear fastening when the PP was in the extreme forward position. Since when the pull-up tape is lengthened, the main girth slides along the rear fastening, the fastex ends up far behind the butt, which makes it difficult to unfasten it - you need to reach far with your first hand. In addition, when operating with a weapon, the belt also sometimes slides over the operator’s body and the fastex interferes with its friction against the body and equipment. Later, the developers turned the main girth upside down and installed fastex at the pull-up band adjustment unit (“pedals”). In this case, without moving the fastex upward from the adjustment unit, the extreme double-slot buckle does not rest on the rear fastening in the extreme forward position of the PP. Several double-slit buckles at the back also interfere, although not as much as fastex. They also do not allow weapons to be carried behind the back on both shoulders like a “biathlon” backpack. Also, according to a number of operators, the developers are too keen on using double-slot buckles. Another significant drawback of the belt is its incomplete versatility - full functionality and convenience is achieved only if the length of the pull-up belt matches the distance between the front and rear attachments to the weapon. That is, the belt should be taken/made for a specific weapon model. If the pull-up tape is too long, the free end hangs too much, which, in general, is not terrible and can be corrected by modification by the user himself. On the contrary, if the belt is too short, the tension belt does not reach the rear fastening and the effect of turning into a single-point belt does not occur, which, however, is not relevant for all operators. Part of this disadvantage can be eliminated by changing the location of the rear suspension, which is not acceptable for all operators/weapons. Or using different pull-up bands and “pedals” when installing on different weapons. Please note that the belt design is patented, link to the patent http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?FT=D&date=20110620&DB=EPODOC&locale=ru_ru&CC=RU&NR=2421675C1&KC=C1&ND=5 .
7) While this article was being written, a new belt model was released - “Dolg M3”. The new belt largely eliminated the shortcomings of the previous model. Therefore, instead of recommendations for improving M2, let’s move on to considering M3. So, changes. The main girth is now made from one piece and is not stitched, but assembled with fittings. The attachment point for the three-slot buckle (“pedals”) to the main girth has been changed. The number of double-slot buckles has been sharply reduced. The quick release fastex is no longer sewn in and can be replaced, and in addition its adjusting part is used to adjust the length of the belt. The end of the belt, which moves during adjustment, slides along the belt attached to a three-slot buckle. Due to numerous requests from users, a quick-release shoulder strap appeared, developed jointly with the Splav company. However, this design of shoulder straps is not new.
http://www.maxpedition.com/store/pc/1-5-SHOULDER-PAD-34p207.htm
The number of options for rear attachment points to weapons has also increased. It became possible to carry a weapon on your back, like a biathlon backpack. It is now possible to use the belt as a two-point belt, which in the previous model was hindered by the connection of the half girth. However, not all shortcomings have been eliminated. Excessive, in the opinion of a number of operators, friction in the tension band adjustment unit remains, which can be easily eliminated by reassembling the attachment point of the three-slot buckle (“pedals”). The ability to change the length of the pull-up tape to allow installation on different types of weapons never appeared. This is explained by the use of a sewn-in front carbine, which, thanks to cooperation with LJ user k-a-r-d-e-n, began to be sewn in on the M2 model so as not to rattle on the weapon. The function of quickly changing the length of the main girth is not implemented, but this can be quite easily eliminated by reassembling the belt to eliminate the regulating function of the fastex and introducing a belt loop onto a three-slot buckle. The belt design is also said to be patented.
8) Stich Profi three-point belt No. 2. Unlike the designs discussed above, it actually has 3 attachment points to the weapon. In fact, the belt is a two-point belt with an additional intermediate strap with a shock-absorbing element. Judging by the photographs, in terms of its functional features, the belt differs sharply from other models and should be close to two-point belts. The design of the belt can be seen from the photo
The names of the belts indicated in the examples are in most cases given in this order: the name of the manufacturer and, separated by a space, the name of the belt. Please note that the titles may contain errors. Many models were left outside the scope of the review.
I hope that in this review I have given descriptions of the main common designs of three-point belts.
Just in case, I’ll add that in a number of models the guide line is not part of the rest of the girth. In some cases, measures are introduced to tighten the guide sling. In at least one case (one of the implementations of the MAMBA belt), the rear suspension can also move along the guide line.
The “tightness of the rear mounting” is of great importance for the convenience of operating the weapon. That is, the rear suspension assembly of the belt should ensure that the sling (or just the guide sling) passes as close as possible to the butt. This will ensure a fairly tight fit of the weapon with a comfortable belt length. The same requirements for a high rear suspension position remain for three-point belts. In some cases, the rear suspension is made on the right side of the butt. For ease of operation, the rear suspension should usually be fairly close to the buttplate, but this requirement varies for different weapons, belts and different operators.
Most techniques for carrying and operating weapons with three-point belts are well shown in the video:
In order not to overload the already swollen section with large photographs, I suggest you follow the link and see the same in pictures: http://www.g151.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=69&Itemid=57
In addition, you can add 2 more methods of carrying behind your back.
Hunters, in order not to add an additional cuff (yoke) at the back of the “oar”, attach the belt to the swivel from below and, so that the weapon does not turn over with the trigger guard and swivels up, they overlap the belt over the butt or butt plate to the right. For more details, see the video above for the “Bison” belt.
Here, perhaps, three-point belts will be enough.
To be continued.
Seat belts significantly reduce the risk of injury in the event of an accident or sudden braking. Follow the rules for using seat belts and child seats. Improperly adjusted seat belts can cause serious injury or death.
The belt should fit snugly to the body.
The seat back should be vertical.
Do not recline the seat back while the vehicle is moving.
Do not fasten a belt that is twisted.
WARNING:
The belt buckle release button should not touch your body.
Fasten your belt buckle correctly.
Make sure that foreign objects do not block the seat belt opening in the center console.
Caring for seat belts
Seat belts must be clean and dry. Make sure that the belt reel is not exposed to oil, polishes or other chemicals, especially battery acid. The belt reel is cleaned with a solution of liquid soap and water. Do not bleach or dye seat belts as this may weaken the fabric. Check the integrity of the belt. Periodically inspect all seat belt parts and replace defective parts. A belt that is stretched during a collision should be replaced. The company recommends replacing the entire seat belt assembly that was deployed during a collision. If the collision was not severe and the employees of our company dealer considered that the seat belt is in order, the belt does not need to be changed.
Seat belts that were not in use at the time of the collision should also be inspected and replaced if found to be faulty.
WARNING:
Check all seat belts from time to time.
Check seat belts and other components of the impact attenuation system after each collision.
Replace seat belts with worn or damaged reels.
After a serious accident, replace the entire seat belt assembly, even if no damage is found upon inspection.
Pregnant women
The lap belt should be placed across the hips below the abdomen, but never across the waist. If any questions arise, a woman should consult a doctor.
CHILD RESTRAINT (CHILD SEAT)
When transporting children in a car, you should always use special child seats that reduce the likelihood of injury in the event of an accident. Child restraints must be appropriate for the child's height and weight. Make sure they are installed correctly in the back seat of the car. Accident statistics show that children in the back seat are less at risk than those in the front seat.
WARNING:
Infants and small children should be transported in special bassinets and seats.
IT IS PROHIBITED TO INSTALL REVERSE CHILD SEATS ON THE FRONT SEATS IF THE VEHICLE IS EQUIPPED WITH AIR BAGS.
When installing child restraints, follow all manufacturer's instructions.
It is advisable to secure the child seat when not in use with seat belts or remove it from the vehicle.
When driving a car, do not hold your child on your lap.
Do not allow your child to place their feet or knees on the seats.
Do not allow children into the luggage compartment while driving.
Children who have outgrown the child restraint system are carried in the rear seat and are securely fastened with seat belts. If the shoulder belt is located higher or too close to the child's face and neck, move the child to the center of the vehicle or place the child in a seat that does not have a shoulder belt.
All cars of our company are equipped with three-point seat belts with automatic tensioners, which do not interfere with the movements of passengers and the driver during a trip at a uniform speed, while belts with spring tensioners tightly wrap around the body, making movement difficult. The belt is equipped with a sensitive tensioner that closes the belt during sudden acceleration or deceleration. Do not check the operation of the belt with intentional sudden movements. This type of belt does not require length adjustment. The worn belt independently adjusts its size taking into account the movements of the person, but in the event of a sharp push or jerk, it automatically locks, holding the passenger or driver in place.
Using the belt
Pull the belt out of the tensioner, pass it over your body and fasten it using the metal latch inserted into the belt buckle.
NOTE: If the belt gets stuck during removal, retract it completely into the tensioner, then pull it out again to the desired length.
To remove the belt, press the red button on the buckle. The belt will automatically roll up.
ATTENTION:
Do not pass the shoulder strap under your arm.
The shoulder strap should go over the middle of the shoulder (never pull the strap over your neck).
The lap belt should go around your hips, not your waist.
WAIST BELT
The lap seat belt is installed in the center of the rear seat.
To fasten the belt, insert the latch tongue into the belt buckle until it clicks. To lengthen the seat belt, pull the belt while holding the metal latch at a certain angle. To shorten the belt, pull the loose end of the belt, then tighten the clamp to remove the excess portion of the belt.
The lap belt should rest on your hips.
To unfasten the belt, press the red button on the buckle. The center lap belt buckle and latch are marked “CENTRE”. Before fastening your seat belt, check the marks. The central waist belt is fastened only with its own buckle.
ATTENTION:
Do not wear the lap belt over your stomach.
The waist belt cinches over the hips, but not the waist.
NOTE: When fastening the rear seat shoulder belt or center lap belt, ensure that the latch is inserted into the correct buckle. This will significantly increase the protective qualities of the belt.
REAR THREE POINT SEAT BELT (CENTRE)* - installed in accordance with local regulations
1. Pull the belt by the latch (A) from the console located on the ceiling.
2. Throw the belt over your shoulder and insert the latch into the belt buckle (3) until it clicks.
3. Pull the latch (B).
4. Place the belt over your hips and insert the latch into the buckle (2) until it clicks.
5. To unfasten the belt, press the red (black) button on the belt buckle.
ATTENTION:
Observe the order of fastening the seat belt.
To prevent the belt from hitting the rear window, unfasten it while holding it with your hand.
This belt is intended only for the passenger seated in the center rear seat.
Pull the seat belt to check that the buckle is securely fastened.
Make sure the belt is not twisted.
Make sure the belt does not go over your neck or stomach.
SEAT BELT PRETENSIONER*
The front seat belts are equipped with automatic pretensioners. The pretensioner safety system reduces the likelihood of injury in a frontal collision. Pretensioners keep the occupant and driver firmly seated in the event of a crash. In the event of a rear, side, minor frontal impact or vehicle rollover, the pretensioners do not operate.
WARNING: After a collision, carefully inspect the seat belts and pretensioners.
WARNING: Pretensioners operate only once. After an accident, the seat belt system is checked by the dealer and, if necessary, replaced with a new one.
SEAT BELTS HEIGHT ADJUSTER
The front seat is equipped with a seat belt height adjuster.
Pull out the belt, press the side button of the adjuster and adjust the height. This is especially important if the belt has previously been used by a short person.
ATTENTION:
Adjust the height of your seat belts before driving.
Make sure the mount is securely fastened.
The shoulder strap should go over the middle of the shoulder (never pull the strap over your neck).
AIR BAG*
Additional passive safety systems (including airbags) reduce the risk of head and chest injuries for the driver and front seat passenger. The airbag system is activated in the event of severe collisions (frontal and side at an angle of no more than 30°). When the airbag deploys, a slight noise is heard and a small amount of smoke appears. Remember that this smoke is harmless and does not indicate the presence of a fire.
In the event of severe collisions, even seat belts and airbags do not always prevent injury. No security system can provide 100% protection.
Simply inspecting a vehicle after an accident does not determine whether the airbags should or should not have deployed. In some cases, a severely damaged car body makes it possible to say that the main impact energy was absorbed by the body, and airbags were not needed. In other cases, a strong shock, such as a hit to the chassis, does not cause visible damage to the body, but causes the airbags to deploy.
WARNING: To avoid injury:
Always wear your seat belt.
If possible, install an additional passive safety system (airbags).
WARNING: Do not attempt to modify the system yourself. This may result in personal injury and damage to the vehicle.
CAUTION: Do not stick anything on the steering wheel or control panel. Do not change the covering of the steering wheel and dashboard yourself. This may reduce the protective ability of the security system.
WARNING: The airbags will not deploy under the following conditions:
Hit from behind.
Side impact (sliding side impact).
Rolling over a car.
Light frontal blow.
The driver's airbag is located in the steering wheel. In the event of a collision, the airbag deploys within a few milliseconds, inflating and protecting the driver from the impact. Immediately after full deployment, the airbag deflates so as not to obscure the driver's view and not interfere with his driving. Make sure the driver's seat and seatback are in the correct position, otherwise the inflating airbag may injure you. With the seat correctly installed, the driver reaches the steering wheel with his arms slightly bent at the elbows.
WARNING: Cushions are designed for factory-assembled vehicles. Changes to the vehicle's design will adversely affect the effectiveness of the airbag and may cause injury.
WARNING: Please remember that airbags should only be installed by our employees. Installation of airbags by unauthorized persons may result in personal injury and vehicle damage.
Passenger airbag*
Some car models allow the installation of passenger airbags (for front seat passengers). The passenger airbag is located above the glove box. In general, the passenger airbag operates in the same way as the driver's airbag. Make sure the passenger is wearing a seat belt. The passenger seat should be located as far away from the cushion panel as possible.
WARNING: Remember that children can be seriously injured if the airbag deploys.
IT IS PROHIBITED TO INSTALL REVERSE CHILD SEATS ON THE FRONT SEATS IF THE VEHICLE IS EQUIPPED WITH AIR BAGS
In the event of an accident, airbag deployment could cause injury or death to a child in a rear-facing child seat in the front seat. These seats are installed only in the rear seats.
Forward-facing child seats are also recommended for rear seats. If such a chair is installed in the front seat, move the seat as far into the interior as possible.
Children who have outgrown the child restraint system are carried in the rear seat and are securely fastened with seat belts.
FILLER DOOR LEVER
The filler neck is located on the left side of the car at the rear of the trim. The lever that opens the filler door is located to the right of the driver's seat.
How to add gasoline to the fuel tank:
Open the filler door by pulling the lever up.
Remove the filler cap by turning it counterclockwise.
After filling in the fuel, replace the filler cap by turning it clockwise. Close the filler door (until it clicks).
Stop the engine (turn off).
Do not smoke.
Do not bring an open flame to the neck.
Make sure that no spark gets into the neck.
WARNING: fuel may be under pressure:
Slowly unscrew the filler cap.
Wait until the hissing stops.
Remove the cover.
NOTE: In cold weather, the filler door may not open. Lightly tap it or pull it towards you.
WARNING: Gasoline can damage your vehicle's paintwork. If gasoline gets on your car, wash the area with cold water.
HOOD COVER
To open the hood, press the button located on the lower left side of the instrument panel. The hood will open slightly.
Press the safety latch located on the front of the hood and open the hood completely. The hood is held open by two support rods.
To close the hood, lower the lid and push it down until the lock engages.
WARNING: Opening the hood while the engine is running exposes moving parts that may pose some danger.
Do not wear loose, wide clothing.
Keep hair and hands away from moving parts.
WARNING: Remember that the vehicle may move when the hood is open. Before opening the hood:
Remove the key from the ignition.
Move the gear shift lever to the 1st or reverse gear position (for manual transmission).
Before driving, check that the hood is completely closed by pulling the front edge.
Do not use the hood release lever while driving.
Do not drive away with the hood fully open.
Shift to neutral (for manual transmission).
Move the gear shift lever to P (parking) mode (for automatic transmission).
Put the car on the parking brake.
Avoid wearing loose clothing such as ties and scarves.
Don't wear loose clothing.
Keep hair and hands away from moving engine parts.
To fasten/unfasten the awning, perform the following operations:
Removing the awning:
Press both red buttons on the latch lock.
Unfasten the zipper on the rear “soft glass”, then push the “glass” into the car.
Unfasten the “glass” on the left rear window.
Remove the left rear “window” by pulling it off.
Unfasten the glass on the right rear window.
Remove the right rear “window” by pulling it off.
Disconnect the awning clips from the rear pillar trim.
Place them in the car.
Fold the awning (at the rear of the car).
Open the back door.
Remove the cover from the special pocket.
After covering the awning with the cover, securely fasten the cover clamping device to the rear pillar trim.
Secure the free ends of the cover with Velcro fasteners.
Wrap the cover straps around the rear window pillar and secure the straps using the Velcro fasteners.
After closing the rear door, check that the cover is installed correctly.
Installation of the awning:
Installation is carried out in the reverse order of removing the awning. To avoid leakage of the awning, observe the following conditions:
After the cover clamps are secured to the C-pillar trim, attach the cover to the vehicle.
When installing soft glass, securely fasten the clamps on the bottom, fasten the top glass, then use Velcro to attach the edges of the glass to the awning.
Firmly attach the Velcro to the part of the awning located in the car.
ATTENTION: It is prohibited to drive the vehicle if the awning is not installed correctly. This may result in personal injury and damage to the vehicle.
NOTE:
Do not leave valuables or money in cars with awnings. The awning is not equipped with locks.
Do not leave your car in the rain for a long time. It is not recommended to use pressure washing units for cars. Water can get inside the car, damaging the interior.
It is important to install and fold the awning correctly. Try installing/removing the awning several times, following the instructions above.
To open the hatch, pull the hatch lock handle (2). The hatch opens by pushing upward.
To close the hatch, lock the lock handle (2) in its original place.
WARNING: Make sure the sunroof is closed and locked when closed.
WARNING: Do not stick your head, hand, etc. into the hatch opening.
REMOVAL OF THE HATCH
If you removed the sunroof (by unlocking the roof lock), secure it securely with a tie-down device.
WARNING: Do not store the sunroof in the passenger compartment. In the event of sudden braking or a collision, a loose sunroof can cause injury and damage to the vehicle.
2. Launch and follow-up
Diesel engine
Use diesel fuel with a cetane number of 50 or higher.
Gas engine
Low octane fuel may cause pre-ignition (detonation). The company is not responsible for any resulting damage or engine failure.
CAUTION: Consult your dealer for fuel quality issues.
Do not use leaded gasoline in vehicles that use unleaded gasoline.
Use fuel with a specific research octane number (or higher) recommended by the company.
Do not use ethyl alcohol based fuel.
Do not use fuel containing methanol (wood alcohol). This fuel significantly reduces engine performance and damages fuel system components.
NOTE: The warranty does not cover fuel system or engine damage caused by the use of methanol fuel.
When traveling abroad
When traveling abroad, make sure your vehicle complies with the registration and insurance regulations of that country. Check if the recommended fuel is available in your country.
Refueling a car from tanks and containers
For safety reasons (especially when using non-commercial fueling systems), ensure that fuel hoses, pumps and fuel containers are grounded. Under certain atmospheric conditions and fuel flow rates, an electrical charge may form on ungrounded hoses (especially plastic ones) connected to the dispenser.
EGNITION LOCK
The ignition switch, located on the steering column to the right of the steering wheel, has four positions: LOCK, ACC (optional), ON and START.
LOCK position
When the key is removed from the lock, the steering wheel is locked. To unlock the steering wheel, insert the key into the ignition switch and turn the steering wheel slightly from right to left while turning the ignition key to the “ACC” position. Unlocking is also carried out by simply turning the steering wheel (with the ignition key inserted).
NOTE: To move the key from the LOCK position to the ACC position, press down on the key.
ACC position
The engine can be stopped (turned off) without locking the steering wheel. If the key is in this position, it is possible to turn on additional equipment, for example, a radio and a cigarette lighter.
WARNING: Do not leave the key in the “ACC” position for a long time. This may drain the battery.
ON position
In this position, the ignition system and all electrical equipment are turned on.
WARNING: Do not leave the key in the ON position for a long time without running the engine. This may drain the battery.
START position
In this position, the starter is activated, starting the engine. Once the engine is started, release the key and it will automatically return to the “ON” position.
WARNING: Do not remove the key from the ignition while driving. The driver may lose control of the vehicle. Removing the key in this manner may also cause serious injury or damage to the vehicle.
WARNING: The steering wheel may turn unexpectedly. Do not reach for the ignition key through the steering wheel.
Sound signal "bells"
The chime sounds when the key is in the LOCK or ON position and the driver's door is open. It reminds you to remove the key from the lock.
BEFORE STARTING THE ENGINE
Check the area around the car.
From time to time, perform the vehicle maintenance procedures described in this manual, such as checking the engine oil level.
Check the condition of the headlights and windows.
Inspect the tires. Check if the pressure in the chambers is sufficient.
Adjust the position of the seat and headrest.
Adjust the position of the interior and exterior rear view mirrors.
Fasten your seat belt and make sure your passengers are also wearing their seat belts.
Check to see if the malfunction warning lights turn on when the ignition key is turned to the ON position.
Apply the parking brake.
Manual transmission: Move the lever to neutral and fully depress the clutch pedal. Keep the clutch pedal depressed, start the engine by turning on the ignition - moving the key to the position START .
Automatic transmission: Move the lever to position P (stop) or N (neutral). Position P is preferable. If the lever is in one of the D (drive) range gears, the starter will not engage.
Turn on the ignition.
Diesel engine: During a cold start, wait until the preheating (glow plug) warning light goes off. Once the light turns off, start the engine.
Without pressing the accelerator pedal, crank the engine with the ignition key in the “START” position. When the engine starts, release the ignition key. If the engine starts but then stalls, repeat the steps above.
CAUTION: To avoid damaging the starter, do not leave it running for more than 15 seconds. If the engine does not start, try again after 10 seconds.
Warm up After starting, let the engine idle for at least 30 seconds. In cold weather, drive away at a moderate speed.
NOTE: On vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission, the fuel cut-off is automatically engaged if the engine is running at high speed and the range shift lever is in the P or N position.
IMMOBILIZER*
The immobilizer provides additional protection of the car against theft. A car equipped with an immobilizer cannot be started by a person who does not have a key with a code. When the ignition key with a built-in transponder is turned to the ON position, the ECU (engine control unit) checks the encrypted key code and, if the code matches the one stored in memory, commands the engine to start.
If the engine does not start, contact your dealer.
A key for a car with an immobilizer is a mechanical ignition key with a built-in transponder on which the code is written in electronic form. The engine can only be started with a specially trained key. Using the wrong key will disable the control of the injection system.
The ability to quickly bring a machine gun or shotgun into combat condition is especially important among military personnel and hunters. A second's delay can deprive you of your prey, or even your life. A device such as a three-point belt has been created especially for people in these professions. This system has become an integral part of hunting, military, and, more recently, sports equipment.
origin of name
The “three-point” belt got its name due to the presence of a middle “floating” point in it. The weapon is attached in three places. In this way, the three-point belt for a shotgun, machine gun, machine gun or rifle differs from the already outdated two-point version, in comparison with which the new fastening design is much more advanced.
What are the advantages of three-point carry?
Hunting is a very exciting activity for some people. Often what captivates you is not so much the result itself as the long hours of tracking the game. A person is able to cover long distances without feeling tired at all. Anyone who has ever been on a hunt knows that success largely depends on the ability to quickly bring a weapon into combat condition and fire a well-aimed shot. This can be done if your hands are not loaded and the rifle is always ready. Conventional two-point belts performed only one task - they saved a person from the labor of carrying a weapon. But they were not suitable for quick aiming due to the peculiarity of the organization of the two-point mounting design, which consisted in the fact that a well-aimed shot could only be fired if the weapon was removed from the shoulder. A three-point belt for a gun, in contrast to a classic mount, provides the ability to carry a weapon for a long time and, if necessary, quickly use it without removing it from the shoulder.
Using one mounting point
Single-point tactical belts are suitable for small-sized weapons (models not exceeding one meter). Fastening is carried out using a single carabiner, which is attached to the neck of the stock or to the rear of the receiver. To perform a quick release, the single-point system contains a fastex - a special buckle with three teeth. The disadvantage of this tactical belt manifests itself while running - the weapon gets tangled in the legs or hits the body. The weaknesses of such structures are as follows:
- Single point slings are very awkward for long guns.
- The suspension does not provide a tight seal to the body, as a result of which the owner is forced to constantly monitor the weapon so that it does not fall and does not scoop up various debris with the barrel.
Standard two-point carry
In a conventional two-point system, fastening is carried out using two carabiners. One of them is attached to the swivel on the butt, and the second is attached to the butt plate using a suspension. You can quickly reset the gun using the fastex, which is located near the rear carbine. This method is considered classic and quite convenient for carrying a weapon on one shoulder. You can adjust the length of the tactical belt with one hand. However, this use has its drawbacks:
- Does not allow you to quickly move the weapon into a firing position on the aiming line.
- To transfer a two-point weapon sling from one shoulder to another, the strap must be completely removed, which is very tedious.
- The belt design does not provide sufficient suspension density.
The two-point use of tactical belts is gradually being replaced by three-point ones.
Most popular option
A three-point belt, unlike a two-point belt, can be easily moved from one shoulder to another. These tactical belts provide tight fixation of the weapon. They do not interfere with rapid shooting. The three-point harness is ideal when covering long distances. If necessary, this design can be converted for single-point or two-point wear. The front suspension (mount) can be moved along the weapon from the first to the rear swivel and even to the rear attachment point. This is easy to do by sliding the front suspension along a sling that is stretched along the gun or machine gun. Thus, a three-point belt can be converted into a two-point belt or a single-point belt.
The three-point mounting system is inconvenient for reloading a pump-action shotgun. It is not advisable to install such belts on this weapon, since they will interfere with the twitching of the forend. Three-point belts can also be inconvenient for a left-handed person, since a sling stretched along the weapon blocks the window for ejecting spent cartridges.
Features of three-point weapon mounting
The “floating” third point can change its location:
- Swivels in front. Fixation occurs using fastex. To reset to the rear position, simply release the buckle.
- Behind the swivels.
Three-point tactical belts do not contain various additional elements that are equipped with weapon belts. They already offer significant comfort.
Standard three-point belt “Bison”
This tactical belt is used to carry all types of long-barreled weapons with 2 cm swivels. “Zubr-Standard” is not intended to carry an assault rifle. Belt products are a product with the following parameters:
- the belt tape is 4 cm wide;
- belt thickness is 2.5 mm;
- products are made of polyamide;
- the product weighs 130 g.
The modernized Zubr-Blitz, unlike its standard counterpart, has a quick reset function. This multi-functional tactical belt system features a quick-release buckle that allows for instant one-handed weapon release.
Multifunctional weapon belt “Zubr-Saiga”
This belt has found wide application among hunters, especially owners of smooth-bore Saiga carbines (popularly this model is also called “Vepr”). One of the modifications of the “Zubr” multifunctional weapon belts is intended for this model. For this fastening system, as well as for the previous two, the presence of a swivel is considered important. Its width is at least two centimeters. Unlike the previous two options, the multifunctional weapon belt “Zubr-Saiga” gives the hunter the opportunity to carry a weapon in different positions - with the barrel raised up or down. According to hunters, wearing a carbine with the barrel up is the best option, as it allows you to keep the muzzle in sight and control it. If necessary, the position can be quickly changed.
Product characteristics:
- The belt has a width of 4 cm.
- The thickness of the belt is 2.5 mm.
- Color - olive or black.
- Weight - 130 g.
“Debt M2”
This name was given to the patented invention of Vladimir Kharlampov, founder of the Tactical Solutions company. This fastening system differs from the standard three-point fastening system in the absence of a sling. The belt system consists of a pull-up tape and a main girth, which, when connected into a ring, encircles the shooter’s torso. Using a three-slot buckle, the pull-up tape is connected to the front swivel. The end of the belt protrudes from the buckle and moves the suspension point. According to some users, this system has two disadvantages:
- it looks unaesthetic;
- the tape protruding from the buckle may often get caught on foreign objects (bushes, tree branches).
The advantage of this belt system is the ability to freely carry a weapon on your chest and under your arm.
“Debt M3”
It is a modernized belt system that allows you to carry smooth-bore and pump-action shotguns, submachine guns, sniper rifles, machine guns, grenade launchers and machine guns. Differences between M3 and the previous version:
- The M3 design is considered universal, as it makes it possible to use the belt as an adjustable two-point belt. The belt can also be configured to carry a weapon on the back (biathlon version).
- The M3 has a wide removable shoulder strap.
- Reducing the number of buckles.
- The design is equipped with a low-noise lining and a “Riga” carbine.
Homemade option
In order to be the happy owner of such multifunctional weapon belts, it is not necessary to go to specialized and hunting stores. Having the necessary skills, as well as the necessary materials, you can make a three-point belt with your own hands. For this you will need:
- Belt tape. Preferably 2.5 to 3 meters long. The belt width should be 25 mm.
- Fastex - 2 pieces.
- Buckles - 7 pieces.
Three-point seat belts. What it is?
Modern passenger cars contain a passive safety system. Its main structural element is three-point belts.
They prevent dangerous movements of a person in the cabin in the event of a car collision or as a result of sudden braking. Of great importance for the health of the driver and passenger is the uniform distribution of energy, which is only possible with a V-shaped belt arrangement. Three-point seat belts have this design. What kind of system this is can be seen in the photo below.
How does the seat belt system work?
The three-point belt of a car seat consists of three elements:
- Strap. High-strength materials are used for its manufacture. The strap is fastened to the body in three places: on the rack, on the threshold, on the rod with a lock. Car seat belts can be adjusted, if necessary, to suit a person's height.
- Lock. It is located near the seat of the car and performs the function of locking the seat belt. The lock design contains a switch that is connected to the vehicle's audio-visual alarm system circuit. This is intended to remind the driver and passengers of the effective use of seat belts. The strap is connected to the lock using a movable metal tongue.
- Coil. It is located on the body pillar. Designed for forced unwinding and automatic rewinding of belts. To block unwinding as a result of an accident, the reel has an inertial mechanism. The seat belt is pulled out of the drum with slow movements.
The installation of three-point belts in car interiors was first proposed by Volvo in 1959.
Passenger restraint options
- Non-inertial. This safety system is characterized by individual adjustment of belts to a specific person. This option can be found in cars produced before 1980. Modern models are not equipped with such a system. The disadvantage of this fixation is the inability to adjust the belt to the child’s parameters.
- Inertial. This system contains a belt that, using an automatic retracting mechanism, can tightly secure an adult passenger and a child. In the event of a possible collision or braking, the movement of the seat belt is blocked by a locking mechanism. For the manufacture of tapes, elastic fabric is used, which, depending on the load, can be extended.
Three-point belts have found their use in hunting, sports, and military affairs. They are the most popular personal protective equipment in the car.
Having a fairly simple design, three-point belt systems are distinguished by significant strength, reliability and ease of use.
This material provides photo instructions for attaching a belt for carrying a machine gun to a machine gun and adjusting its length.
Carrying belt serves for carrying the machine gun in combat and traveling position. The carrying belt consists of a belt strip 35 mm wide, at one end of which a carabiner is attached using a metal plate and ring, the other end of the tape is made in the form of a loop with a metal buckle and loop. Due to the loop and buckle, the length of the belt can be adjusted to take into account the individual characteristics of the machine gunner.
1 - belt loop; 2 - loop; 3 - buckle; 4 - carabiner
1. Prepare the machine and belt:
2. Prepare the belt by unraveling it from the buckle, with the buckle facing “up”:
3. Thread the free end of the belt into the rear swivel (on the AK stock):
4. General view (belt buckle facing up):
5. The free end is threaded into the belt loop:
6. The free end is threaded through the belt buckle:
7. And it is secured to the front swivel of the machine gun with a carbine:
8. The wearing belt is fastened and adjusted to the length of the fighter:
Close Quarters Battle (CQB) Slings are a classic three-point harness. But everyone knows how to use it correctly. And even if they do, they don’t always use it to the fullest. Often, many military personnel do not like it, but as a rule, this is due to low knowledge about its use in combat conditions.
This device, in the jargon “three-point”, provides quick access to the main weapon and instant transition to a secondary weapon, reliably protects against an enemy’s attempt to snatch the weapon, and also, when necessary, instantly converts into a standard weapon belt.
This belt is widely used by special forces in almost all leading countries of the world. Quick belt release feature makes it easy to release when stuck when using a belt on obstacles (branches, reinforcement, barbed wire) or in case of complete failure/damage to the weapon. The length and design of the three-point belt allows you to quickly shift the weapon from one shoulder to another, which is extremely important when conducting combat operations, especially in urban areas, when you need to shoot from different shoulders and change between them very quickly!
Main uses:
MILITARY PATROL READY
This method of carrying a weapon is used during long patrol operations. During such operations, holding the weapon in the ready position at the shoulder can be very tiring for the operator, but at the same time it is necessary that it is constantly ready for combat. The weapon carried in this way is always aimed at a potentially dangerous area, even at the moment when the operator has removed the hand holding the fore-end for various manipulations (compass, binoculars, topographic map) or other actions where he needs to have two hands free.
This does not mean that you need to fire from the hip, but this position of the weapon allows you to fire in this way at an enemy who suddenly appears nearby.
OFF-SIDE DROP
This method of carrying a weapon is most often used in CQB conditions (houses, apartments, train cars, airplane cabins), it provides such a position of the weapon when releasing it, which allows you to instantly remove the pistol from a hip holster or from a belt without wasting time. to “throw” the weapon behind your back.
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