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Protect your eyes The presentation was made by the educator of the ISS (k) OU boarding school, Demyanovo, Kirov region
The meaning of vision We distinguish the objects around us. The movement of living and inanimate bodies. Graphic and color signals (letters, numbers, portraits). Important for work. We perceive the experience of ancestors through books, written speech.
What our eye is made of Ocular nerve that transmits impulses to the brain The lens focuses light on the retina Retinal cells convert light into nerve impulses Blood vessels supply the eye with nutrition The colored iris changes the size of the pupil Cornea is the “window” of the eye The pupil is the opening that lets light into eye
How the pupil reacts to light Normal pupil size In dim light, the pupil dilates to let in more light In strong light, the pupil contracts to prevent damage to the retina
As we can see, the transparent cornea lets light into the eye, which then passes through the pupil and falls - after focusing by the lens - onto the retina. The retina is the film that lines the back of the eyeball and contains light-sensitive cells. When light hits these cells, they send signals to the brain. There, these signals are converted into a picture.
Why the eye needs tears Lacrimal glands produce tears Tears can flow down the cheeks The eyelids protect the eyes The lacrimal canals drain tears into the nose The canal leads to the inside of the nose Tears collect in the nose and can start dripping from there
Washing the eyes Above each eye there are tear glands that continuously emit tears. When we blink, they wash our eyes. Tears remove dust, kill pathogenic bacteria and continually wet the surface of the cornea. They drain through the tear ducts into the nasal cavity. When we cry, tears run down our cheeks and may even drip from our nose.
Causes of visual impairment A person sees objects equally well at close and far distances. This is due to the property of the lens to change the curvature and become more convex. Visual impairments are common: myopia and hyperopia.
Myopia Nearsighted people have blurred images of distant objects. The cause of congenital myopia may be the elongated shape of the eyeball. Myopia can develop in a person due to impaired vision hygiene.
Farsightedness Farsighted people have blurred images of closely spaced objects. With congenital hyperopia, the eyeball is shortened. Farsightedness can also be caused by a decrease in the ability of the lens to change the curvature, which is most often observed in older people.
First aid for eye injuries Carelessness and inability to use household appliances can lead to serious household eye injuries. Inadvertent hammering of nails or chopping wood can also cause eye injury. Since the injured objects are usually contaminated, the injury can be complicated by an infectious disease with the threat of partial or complete loss of vision. If an accident occurs, you need to be able to provide first aid.
First aid for eye damage If a speck gets into the eye, rinse it and remove the speck from the eyelid with a clean, damp cotton swab or clean handkerchief. First you need to wash your hands. In case of injury, you need to apply cotton wool or a clean handkerchief to the eye, moistened with cold water. In case of severe injuries, the eyes should not be washed out and the foreign body should not be removed. In this case, a clean bandage should be applied to the eye and the victim should be sent to the hospital. If alkali, acid, poisonous substances get into the gas, you should immediately rinse your eyes with clean running water for 15-20 minutes, then immediately consult a doctor.
Hygiene of vision Do not view printed or written text at close range. In such cases, the lens is in a position of increased bulge for a long time, which is associated with eye strain and leads to the development of myopia. When reading, writing, drawing or other work, place the object at a distance of 30-35 cm from the eye. It is also important to keep an eye on the lighting. When writing, the light should fall from the left. Reading while lying down in transport is harmful to eyesight. Visual impairments can occur due to a lack of vitamin A in the body. Smoking has a harmful effect on vision. Nicotine and other tobacco poisons sometimes cause severe damage to the optic nerve.
Hygiene of vision In a strong wind with dust, pathogenic microbes can be brought into the eyes. Infection can get into the eyes from dirty hands, an unclean towel, handkerchief and cause conjunctivitis. Therefore, you need to protect your eyes from dust, do not rub them with your hands, wipe only with a clean towel or handkerchief. The rays of the sun also have a harmful effect on the eyes, therefore it is necessary to protect your eyes from bright light with sunglasses.
Vision Training To train your vision, you need to perform special exercises. The most simple: alternately look into the distance, past some point of the window frame, then at this point. This exercise is performed 3-5 minutes every hour. Without turning your head, look right, left, up, down. Follow the movements of an adult's hand with your eyes without turning your head: up, down, left, in a circle. "Run" with your eyes along the contour of a large drawing. "Take a nap" - close your eyes for a minute and relax.
On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes
The poet's new vision. Velimir Khlebnikov (Lesson in grade 11)
I am an addicted person. Recently, I became interested in creating multimedia presentations and using them in project, educational and extracurricular activities. I started, as usual, with illustrative presentations, ...
Study of the structure of the organ of vision, the main functions of the eye, its parts, about the peculiarities of the perception of the surrounding world. The importance of observing the rules of eye hygiene ...
ABSTRACT SPECIFICITY OF LOGOPEDIC WORK WITH CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
The abstract reveals the relevance of this topic, its goals and objectives. An explanation is given to the fact that the specificity, content of classes, forms of organization, techniques, methods and means of corrective action, are determined ...
Description of the presentation for individual slides:
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Research project "Hygiene and protection of vision" The work was carried out by Bogdanova IB, teacher of the extended day group at school № 246 in St. Petersburg.
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Goals and objectives of the lesson Purpose Personal universal learning activities. Formation among students of a general understanding of human health as one of the fundamental values of human life. Objectives 1. Identification of factors affecting visual impairment. 2. Finding ways to preserve vision. 3. Production of reminders with rules to help reduce the risk of visual impairment. 4. Planning your actions in accordance with the task. 5. Accurately and fully convey to the partner the necessary information to perform further actions.
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What are the eyes in the world for? "About eyes for children" Let's figure it out together, children. What are the eyes in the world for? And why do we all have. Do you have a pair of eyes on your face? To make a tear flow from them? Close your eyes with your palm, Sit just a little. It immediately became dark, Where is the board and where is the window? It's strange, boring and offensive. You can't see anything around. Zhenya wants to be a pilot, to drive a fast plane. All seas in this world Petya dreams of sailing across. Nikolai will be a tanker, and Sergei will be a paratrooper. Ilya will become a sniper ... But for this, friends. In addition to knowledge and skill, everyone needs sight! N. Orlova
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"The eyes are the mirror of the soul" The eyes are an important organ of great importance for human life. With the help of our eyes, we communicate with the outside world, admire the beauties of nature, we have the opportunity to see the people around us. By the eyes, you can determine the inner world of a person, the traits of his character, it is not for nothing that the people say that the eyes are the mirror of the soul. We are happy - our eyes also laugh; we are in pain - and our eyes betray pain and sorrow. Beautiful and clear eyes - always healthy eyes! And when our eyes hurt and begin to see dull, vague, then we are no longer laughing! said L. N. Tolstoy - Russian writer, thinker.
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Why and how many times do we blink? We blink to protect our eyes. As soon as something approaches the eye, light is reflected from that object and enters the eye through the transparent cornea. Having passed through the pupil, this light falls on the lens of the eye, which in turn focuses the light on the retina. The body protects vision in other ways. First, the eyeballs are reliably protected by the bones of the skull. Eyebrows protect eyesight from sweat, and eyelashes - from dust. A person's eyelids work like car wipers, constantly cleaning windshields. With each blink, the eyelids moisten the eyeball with tear fluid, which rinses off bacteria, dust, and foreign particles if they get into the eye. Therefore, the person blinks throughout the day. A person with healthy eyes blinks more than 10 thousand times a day (this figure can reach 40-50 thousand). In this case, the blinking of both eyes occurs synchronously. On average, a person blinks 20 times per minute.
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"The eyes are more accurate witnesses than the ears." Heraclitus of Ephesus. 90% of all information people receive through their eyes: they provide us with information about depth, distance, size, movement and color; able to move up, down and in both directions, giving us the widest possible view; The human eye is shaped like a ball, which is why it is sometimes called the eyeball. Eye diameter is 2.5cm, weight is about 7-8g; located in the upper part of the face and located at a distance of about 6 cm from each other; the eye is like a camera: the image on the retina is turned upside down and reduced. eyes are brown, blue, green, gray, blue. Eye color depends on the pigment in the iris;
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Eyes are a window into the world, they are a reflection of the state of our soul, they are a repository of riddles and secrets. Thanks to the eyes, these amazing organs, we have a unique opportunity - to see everything around us, to look at things far and close, to navigate in the dark, to navigate in space, to move in it quickly and easily. Our vision makes our life richer, more informative, more active. Therefore, it is so important for a person to timely solve all the problems that arise with the eyes, because even the slightest chance to stop seeing this beautiful world is scary.
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A man, as a hunter, is endowed with "tunnel vision" so that the eye is able to catch a target that is far enough away, and not let it out of sight. He clearly sees in front of him and at a great distance. This also allows him to easily navigate in space. His brain is designed in such a way that a man is able to clearly see the ultimate goal, not be distracted by extraneous things, determine how to achieve it in the shortest way and in the best way. A man has a narrow field of vision. In addition, scientists have shown that central vision is better developed in men, and peripheral vision in women. In women, the peripheral visual field is much larger than in men. This at all times allowed a woman to catch what was happening around, instantly assess the situation, notice the details. Sometimes in women, peripheral vision reaches a full 180 degrees. Therefore, men believe that women sometimes have eyes on the back of their heads. Due to certain differences in the structure of the eyes, the fair sex is able to distinguish more colors and shades than the strong part of humanity.
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It has been experimentally established that human eyes can distinguish up to 150,000 shades and color tones. This ability has an impact on various aspects of human life. Color vision enriches the picture of the world, gives an individual more useful information, and influences his psychophysical state. Colors are actively used everywhere - in painting, industry, scientific research ...
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Interesting The eye is capable of distinguishing 130-250 pure color tones and 5-10 million mixed shades. A person spends half an hour every day blinking. During a lifetime, a person cries 250 million times. Women blink about 2 times more often than men. Neither man nor woman can sneeze with open eyes. About 2% of the world's car accidents are caused by sneezing while driving. The eyes of a person working at a computer refocus from the screen to paper or a keyboard about 20 thousand times in a day. After a minute of being in the dark, the sensitivity of the eyes to light increases 10 times, after 20 minutes. - 6 thousand times. That is why, when we go out into the bright light after a long stay in the dark, we close our eyes.
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Human vision (visual perception) is a process of psychophysiological processing of images of objects of the surrounding world, carried out by the visual system, and allows you to get an idea of the size, shape (perspective) and color of objects, their relative position and distance between them. To maintain vision, protect your eyes from dust, cold wind and smoke. Reading small print, prolonged delicate work, as well as a long sleep or, conversely, insomnia, lead to a decrease in visual acuity. Why should you protect your eyes?
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What is harmful? What's useful? Read while lying down. Look at the bright light. Watch TV close. Protect eyes from blows. Flush your eyes in the morning. Rub your eyes with dirty hands. Read in good light. Watch TV no more than 1-1.5 hours a day. Sit at least 3 m from the TV. Play on the computer for no more than 15 minutes. Do not read while lying down. Do not read in public transport. When reading and writing, the light should illuminate the page on the left. The recommended distance from the eyes to the text is 30-35 cm. Protect your eyes from foreign objects falling into them.
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Eat a sufficient amount of plant foods (carrots, onions, parsley, tomatoes, bell peppers, etc.) Do gymnastics for the eyes. Do not rub your eyes with your hands. Observe cleanliness.
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"Take care of your eyes" N. Orlov So that your eyes, my friend, Could be preserved for a long time, Remember two dozen lines that you read on the page: It is very simple to hurt an eye - do not play with a sharp object! Eyes are not three, do not clog, do not read a book when lying down; You can't look at bright light - your eyes also deteriorate. There is a TV in the house, But, please, do not go to the very screen, And do not watch everything in a row, And the programs for the guys. Do not draw, bending low, Do not hold the textbook close, And over the book every time Do not bend like the wind - From the table to your eyes Should be 40 centimeters. I want to warn you: We need to take care of everyone's eyes!
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The eyes are open. An indispensable condition for the exercise: the head is motionless, we work only with our eyes. The "pattern" should be as large as possible within the face, but do not overstrain the muscles of the eyeballs, watch the condition! We translate our eyes in the following sequence: to the upper left corner, to the lower left, to the upper right corner, to the lower right. And now vice versa, in a different direction: to the lower left corner, to the upper left, to the lower right corner, to the upper right. We carry out 8-10 times in each direction. Now relax your eyes, blink often, often, easily, easily. Like a moth flapping its wings. During the warm-up for the eyes, do not squint, do not open your eyes very wide! All this creates tension that is contraindicated!
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An indispensable condition for this exercise is the same as in "Butterfly". Now, with your eyes, smoothly describe the horizontal figure eight or the infinity sign of the maximum size within the face. In one direction several times, and then in the other. Blink often, often, easily, easily. 8 Physical minutes for the eyes
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Keep your head straight, do not throw it back. The gaze is directed upward (to the ceiling), and mentally we continue to move our eyes under the skull to the crown, as if you were looking there. And now the eyes are down, and the attention is in the area of the thyroid gland, as if you looked where our throat is. We carry out 8-10 times in each direction. only now we "draw" a vertical eight with our eyes. Blink often, often, easily, easily. eight
Methodical development of a class hour on the topic: "Take care of your eyes"
Prepared by the teacher Abralava Svetlana Sergeevna.
Objectives: instilling skills in a healthy lifestyle; familiarity with the basic rules of eye care in order to maintain good vision; formation of the need for personal hygiene, correct and regular care of their appearance and health.
During the classes.
1. Creation of an atmosphere of psychological comfort.
(On the background of music "Morning" by E. Grieg)
Guys, look what a great morning this is. Let's greet the world around us and each other.
Hello, the sun is golden! (we draw a circle with our hands)
Hello, the sky is blue! (hands up, wave your hands)
Hello, free breeze! (wave your hands in front of your face)
Hello little oak tree! (put your hands up and wave them)
We live in the same land - I greet you all!
2. Actualization of students' knowledge.
Now we said the word "hello", and what does it mean?
Have you ever wondered why in greeting people there is a wish for each other's health? (children's answers are heard)
Human health is the greatest value.
What is it for you to be healthy? (children's reasoning)
3. Communication of the topic of the lesson.
Today we will talk about the most valuable human organ, from which we get almost all information about the world around us. And which one you will learn by guessing the riddle:
Two Yegorki live near the hill,
They live amicably, but do not look at each other.
Have you guessed?
What associations do you have with this word?
Give a definition of the word "eyes".
The topic of our lesson is “Take care of your eyes”, and the motto will be the following words: “No one will take care of you better than yourself.” (Slide 1)
4. Discovery of new knowledge by children .
Eyes are an amazing gift of nature. With the help of our eyes we see objects, perceive their shape, size, color. The eyes help us determine whether an object is moving or stationary. None of the senses can give a person as many impressions as the eyes give.
Look each other in the eye. How beautiful they are!
How do they talk about eyes to convey their beauty? (children's answers are heard) - slide 2
A) Tasks in groups.
In ancient times, people understood the importance of the organ of vision for the perception of the world, and this was reflected in popular wisdom.
Each group performs tasks:
Collect proverbs and explain the meaning. (The eyes are afraid, but the hands do. Do not believe your ears, but believe your eyes.)
Explain phraseological units. (Dust in the eyes. Fear has large eyes. Callus eyes. The eye is a diamond.)
Riddle about the eyes with the missing words. Insert words and guess. (Two Yegorkas live near the hill, live amicably, but do not look at each other.
The answers of the children are listened to.
Proverbs, riddles and phraseological units are folk wisdom that allowed us to make sure once again that even in ancient times people thought about preserving their health.
Now we will give rest to our eyes, and we will perform an ophthalmological routine.
We close our eyes, these are the miracles. (close both eyes)
Our eyes are resting exercises are performed (continue to stand with closed eyes)
And now we will open them, we will build a bridge across the river. (they open their eyes, draw a bridge with their eyes)
Let's draw the letter O, it turns out easily. (With the eyes they draw the letter O)
Lift up, look down, (make movements with their eyes)
Turn right, left, (eyes look right, left)
Let's start again. (Children sit in their seats)
B) Statement of the problem situation.
What allowed me to see this beauty? (Slide show 3-9)
And when does the world appear before us in such an image? (slide 10)
Or something like that? (slide 11)
Scary, isn't it?
The answers of the children are listened to.
What is the cause of visual impairment? (children's reasoning)
Summing up (slide 12)
It turns out that the eyes are the most vulnerable organ. After all, we constantly force him to work.
Therefore, it is not always possible to maintain good eyesight and a person is forced to wear glasses.
What advice can you give to children who wear glasses?
And now let's play the game "Useful and harmful". If you think the phrase is correct, clap your hands, if not, stamp your foot.
Look at the bright light
Protect your eyes from blows
Watch TV close
Flush your eyes in the morning
Rub your eyes with dirty hands
There are healthy foods, vitamins
See an ophthalmologist
Do eye gymnastics
Observe the daily routine
C) Group work
1 group will make up the rules of respect for vision
2 group-syncwine on the theme "Eyes"
3 group - a physical minute for the eyes
Hearing children's answers. We will hang the rules of respect for eyesight in the classroom corner, as well as print and present to elementary school students so that they can preserve this priceless gift that nature has given us.
5. Fastening.
Now listen to the advice of your classmates, which in verse form will complement our advice on how to keep your eyes healthy.
When they want
Take care of your eyes.
Listen! When they want
So that the thing serves us without a time limit,
No wonder people say:
"Keep it like the apple of your eye!"
And so that your eyes are my friend,
Could last for a long time
Memorize two dozen lines
On the final page:
It is very easy to hurt the eye-
Do not play with a sharp object!
Not three eyes, do not clog,
Do not read a book while lying down;
You can't look at a bright light -
Eyes also deteriorate.
in the House there is -
I will not blame
But please don't meddle
To the very screen.
And look not all in a row,
And the programs for the guys.
Do not write, bowing low,
Don't hold the textbook close
And over a book every time
Do not bend as if from the wind-
From the table to the eyes
Should be
!
I want to warn you:
We need to take care of everyone's eyes!
6. Summing up. Reflection. (Slide 13)
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