Land is the most important natural resource of value to every person and to society as a whole. Current legislation is aimed at organizing the wise use of land resources and protecting land as a gift of nature. In particular, the Land Code of the Russian Federation distinguishes lands into categories based on their intended purpose.

Determination of whether a certain territory belongs to one category or another is carried out in the manner prescribed by law. Thus, according to the explanations of the Ministry of Economic Development, if a land plot is allocated from agricultural land, it will belong to the same category. There is no need to obtain a separate decision from the government authority to assign a category to such a site.

Information about which category of land a particular plot belongs to must be contained in its cadastral passport.

It is very important that the land is used in accordance with the purpose for which it was designed (for example, residential development should not take place on forest lands).

Unauthorized change of purpose and category of land is not provided. Compliance with legislation in this area is strictly monitored.

List of land categories

According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation (Article 7 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation), seven categories of land are distinguished.

This:

• lands intended for agricultural work by individuals and organizations (territories located outside the boundaries of populated areas);
• lands whose purpose is the construction of residential buildings and related infrastructure (land of populated areas);
• lands for special or industrial purposes (areas for industrial, energy, transport, etc.);
• forest fund territories (lands adapted for forestry, including forest areas);
• areas of the water fund (territories under water bodies and buildings for water management purposes);
• lands subject to special protection (territories on which objects of historical and cultural heritage are located; the use of such lands in civil circulation is limited or completely prohibited);
• reserve lands (unused territories that are not assigned to any of the above categories; if necessary, such lands can be used for certain tasks).

The given list of land categories is exhaustive. The emergence of new categories is possible only if appropriate additions are made to the Land Code of the Russian Federation.

Assignment of categories

Each of the mentioned categories of land plots has its own purpose:

• agricultural lands include agricultural lands, as well as roads and communications intended to serve them; on the same lands there may be located objects, buildings and structures adapted for storing agricultural products;
• lands of settlements include residential buildings and related infrastructure - industrial, recreational and other facilities;
• large enterprises are located on special-purpose lands, the work of which is associated with emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, the same lands are used to locate transport routes, energy facilities, space and defense industries;

• forest fund territories are used for growing forest plantations and supporting logging operations;
• water fund lands, in addition to reservoirs, include ports, piers and other coastal structures;
• specially protected areas are federal property and include all kinds of nature reserves, historical and architectural monuments.

All reserve lands are classified as reserve lands and cannot be used by citizens or legal entities without prior approval and assignment to one category or another.

Distribution of lands across the territory of the Russian Federation

The largest part - almost 2/3 of the territory of Russia - is occupied by lands belonging to the category of forest fund lands.

More than 70% of such territories are directly forested areas. The rest is occupied by swamps, buildings, roads and other lands of this category.

In second place by area are agricultural lands (more than 22% of the entire territory of the Russian Federation). Of these, more than half of the area is directly arable land. About 42% of the land in this category is used for pastures and hayfields. The rest of the territory is occupied by perennial plantings.

The territories are further distributed as follows:

• specially protected lands (2.7%);
• water fund lands (1.6%);
• territories of settlements (1.2%).

Last on the list are industrial and special purpose lands, which occupy about 1% of the entire territory of Russia. Of this land, about 10% is for road facilities, about 6% is for farmland, and 5% is for buildings. Most of these lands belong to the column “other territories”.

In each region of the Russian Federation, the ratio of lands of the listed categories is different. At the same time, specially protected lands are distributed almost evenly. The largest percentage of agricultural land is in the North Caucasus and Southern Federal Districts, the least in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts, and these same districts have the largest percentage of forest land.

Features of transferring land from one category to another

Land plots can be transferred from one category to another, but such transfer can only be carried out by authorities - local, regional or federal.

You should be aware that changes in land categories cannot be made in all cases. For example, if houses were built unauthorized on lands belonging to agricultural territories, it will not be possible to legalize the buildings and change the category of the site.

The reason why a change in the category of a land plot is initiated must be quite significant.

For example, soil contamination has occurred, making it impossible to use it for agricultural purposes.

The transfer of land from one category to another must be carried out in accordance with the approved procedure. Initially, the initiator of the transfer must contact the local or federal government with a corresponding application. The application is accompanied by land management, urban planning and other documentation.

The structure to which the application is submitted makes a decision to change the category of land or refuses to do so to the applicant. The verdict rendered by the authority can be challenged by the applicant in court.

The transfer of land to another category may be refused if legislative acts establish a corresponding restriction. Also grounds for refusal may be negative conclusions of an environmental audit or non-compliance of the requested intended use of land with urban planning plans or land management documents.

The land fund of the Russian Federation, according to the intended purpose of the lands included in it, is divided into categories that determine the legal status of land use. The Land Code of the Russian Federation establishes seven categories of lands of the land fund of the Russian Federation:

- Agricultural land. Used for agricultural production, creation of protective forest plantations, research, educational and other purposes related to agricultural production, including by citizens - peasant (farm) households, personal subsidiary plots, gardening, livestock breeding, vegetable gardening;

- Lands of settlements. Lands of settlements are lands used and intended for the construction and development of settlements. The composition of the lands of settlements may include land plots classified in accordance with urban planning regulations to various territorial zones. The land use and development rules establish urban planning regulations for each territorial zone individually, taking into account the characteristics of its location and development, as well as the possibility of territorial combination of various types of land use (residential, public business, industrial, recreational and other types of land use).

- Lands of industry, energy, transport, communications, radio broadcasting, television, computer science and other special purposes– these are lands that are located outside the boundaries of populated areas. They are used or intended to support the activities of organizations and (or) the operation of industrial, energy, transport, communications, radio broadcasting, television, computer science facilities, facilities for space activities, defense and security facilities, and the implementation of other special tasks. The rights to these land plots arose among the participants in land relations on the grounds provided for by the Land Code, federal laws and laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

- Lands of specially protected territories and objects– this category includes lands:

Specially protected natural areas, including medical and recreational areas and resorts;

Environmental purposes;

Recreational purposes;

Historical and cultural purposes;

Other particularly valuable lands.

- Forest fund lands– these are lands covered with forest vegetation and not covered with it, but intended for its restoration (clearings, burnt areas, open spaces, clearings) and non-forest lands intended for forestry (clearings, roads, swamps).

- Water fund lands– these are lands covered by surface water concentrated in water bodies and lands occupied by hydraulic engineering and other structures located on water bodies.

- Reserve lands. Reserve lands include lands that are state or municipally owned and not provided to citizens or legal entities (with the exception of the land redistribution fund). The use of reserve lands is permitted after their transfer to another category.

1) acts of federal executive authorities, acts of executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and acts of local government bodies on the provision of land plots;

2) agreements the subject of which are land plots;

3) documents of the state land cadastre;

4) documents on state registration of rights to real estate and transactions with it;

5) other documents in cases established by federal laws and laws of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The transfer of lands of settlements to lands of other categories and lands of other categories to lands of settlements, regardless of their form of ownership, is carried out by establishing or changing the boundaries of settlements in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on urban planning activities.

The permitted use of land as part of land of various categories determines the type of functional activity on land plots by owners, holders and users. The legislation of the Russian Federation establishes different types of land use for different categories of land.

3. Territories of administrative entities – constituent entities of the Russian Federation, administrative districts, cities, towns, municipalities, settlements. The territories of administrative-territorial entities include lands, land plots, capital construction projects, natural objects, subsoil, elements of engineering infrastructure located within the boundaries of administrative-territorial entities.

4. Territorial zones. Territorial zones mean:

Administrative-territorial units (entities) - territories to which the powers of the executive body of state power or local government directly extend (subject of the Russian Federation as a whole, city of subject subordination, administrative districts, other territories of local government);

Zones of land categories - territories allocated from the lands of an administrative-territorial entity or local self-government for the purposes of their rational use in accordance with the established purpose and legal regime (agricultural lands, lands of settlements, lands of transport industry and other non-agricultural use, lands of forestry and water funds, specially protected areas, reserve lands);

Zones of disturbed, contaminated, contaminated and degraded lands - territories excluded in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation or constituent entities of the Russian Federation from economic use by decisions of state authorities or local governments;

Socio-economic zones are territories located within a certain administrative-territorial unit and differing in tax rates established by the relevant government authorities, the amount of rent and the standard price of land for land plots and other real estate located within these zones.

5. Zones with special conditions for the use of territories and zones of a special legal regime. Zones of special regime of use - territories within which the use of land plots or parts located on them is carried out in accordance with restrictions determined by decisions of state authorities or local governments on the basis of federal laws or laws of constituent entities of the Russian Federation (urban planning and recreational zones, security zones of highways , enterprises, specially protected natural historical and cultural sites, etc.).

6. Land uses and land plots depending on the intended purpose and permitted use .

Land use (process) - disposal of land property in different ways. Land use (object) is an array of lands and land plots used by citizens, legal entities and state and local government bodies for various needs. The intended purpose of land is to assign land masses and land plots to one of the land categories established by the Land Code of the Russian Federation. The type of permitted use of land depends on its intended purpose and is established in accordance with the Land and Town Planning Codes of the Russian Federation.

The Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation establishes that the legal regime of land plots is determined by town planning regulations (Article 36 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). The types of permitted use are established by town planning regulations in relation to each territorial zone (Articles 1, 30, 37 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Urban planning regulations are an integral part of land use and development rules. Town planning regulations are not established for forest fund lands, water fund lands covered by surface water, reserve lands, specially protected natural areas (except for lands of medical and recreational areas and resorts), agricultural lands as part of agricultural lands (clause 6 of article 36GrK RF).

The permitted use of land plots to which town planning regulations do not apply or for which town planning regulations are not established is determined by authorized federal executive bodies, authorized executive bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation or authorized local government bodies in accordance with federal laws. In all other cases, the town planning regulations in relation to each territorial zone must establish the types of permitted use of land plots. This sets:

Main types of permitted use;

Conditionally permitted permitted uses;

Auxiliary types of permitted use (additional to the main and conditionally permitted ones).

For agricultural lands, the following types of permitted use are established:

For the creation and operation of enterprises engaged in the production of agricultural products, seed production, livestock farming;

For running a peasant (farm) economy - a form of management for the production of agricultural products, created in the process of reorganization of collective and state farms by allocating land plots to citizens as land shares, as well as providing them for rent.

For personal farming. Personal subsidiary plot (LPH) is a production form that allows its owner to receive additional income. Land use of private household plots consists of household plots and field plots intended for small-scale production.

For gardening. Garden plots of land are provided to citizens for growing fruit, berries, vegetables and other agricultural crops, as well as for recreation. Citizens can garden individually or create non-profit associations. The construction of garden houses, but not permanent residential buildings, is permitted on a garden plot of land.

For gardening. Garden plot - provided to citizens for growing berries, vegetables and other agricultural crops. The construction of facilities for any purpose on such land plots is prohibited.

For country house construction. The dacha plot of land is intended for recreation and growing crops. The construction of a capital construction project for year-round use is permitted on the dacha plot.

The lands of settlements have the following types of permitted use, based on urban planning regulations:

1) land under residential buildings of multi-storey and high-rise buildings;

2) land under individual residential buildings;

3) lands of dacha and gardening associations of citizens;

4) lands of garages and parking lots;

5) lands under trade facilities, public catering, consumer services, gas and gas filling stations, car service enterprises;

6) lands of institutions and organizations of public education, under the objects of health care and social security, physical culture and sports, culture and art, religious objects;

7) lands under industrial facilities, public utility facilities, logistics, food supply, sales and procurement facilities under transport facilities (with the exception of land plots under gas and gas filling stations, car service enterprises, garages and parking lots), under communication facilities;

8) lands for administrative, management and public facilities and lands of enterprises, organizations, financing, lending, insurance and pension institutions;

9) lands under military installations;

10) lands for health and recreational facilities;

11) lands for agricultural use;

12) lands under forests in settlements (including urban forests), under trees and shrubs not included in the forest fund (including forest parks, parks, squares, boulevards);

13) lands under separate water bodies;

14) other lands of settlements (land plots of streets, avenues, squares, embankments, highways, etc. and lands - reserve territories).

7. Land. Land is a part of the earth's surface that has certain natural-historical properties that allow it to be used for specific economic purposes.

Unlike the category of land, which is a collective and conditional concept, land has a specific location, an external closed border and area. Land of all categories consists of agricultural and non-agricultural land.

Agricultural land is land that is systematically used to produce agricultural products. Agricultural land includes:

Fallow land (arable land not used for 2 years);

Forage lands (hayfields and pastures);

Perennial plantings (orchards, vineyards, berry fields).

Agricultural lands are subject to special protection. Their transfer to other categories for non-agricultural needs is allowed in exceptional cases.

The largest amount of agricultural land as part of agricultural land is available in the Altai Territory, Orenburg, Volgograd, Saratov, Rostov Novosibirsk regions, the Republic of Bashkortostan, Omsk Region and Stavropol Territory.

Non-agricultural land is divided into:

Lands under surface water bodies, including swamps;

Lands under forests and trees and shrubs;

Development land;

Lands under roads;

Disturbed lands;

Other lands (ravines, sands, waste sites, landfills, conservation areas).

8. Unified real estate and cadastral registration. A single property is a complex object consisting of a land plot, buildings and structures inextricably linked with it. Moreover, the word “single” implies the unity and integrity of data about these individual real estate objects, which does not allow one of the components to be operated independently, independently of the others. It should be noted that a single piece of real estate cannot be considered existing or finally formed if no one’s rights to it are designated, that is, there is no subject of law. Consequently, a single object of real estate is not only a plot of land, buildings and structures as objects of law, but also a subject of law and a type of law.

The Land Code of the Russian Federation established the principle of the unity of fate of the land plot and the real estate located on it. All objects firmly connected with land plots follow the fate of the land plots, with the exception of cases established by federal laws (clause 5 of Article 1 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation). The alienation of a building, structure, structure located on a land plot and belonging to one person is carried out together with the land plot; Alienation of a plot without objects located on it is not allowed if they belong to one person (Clause 4 of Article 35 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation). Privatization of buildings, structures, structures, including industrial ones, is not allowed without the simultaneous privatization of land plots, except in cases of their withdrawal or restriction in circulation (Clause 7, Article 3 of the Federal Law of October 25, 2001 No. 137-FZ “On the introduction of action of the Land Code of the Russian Federation").

Examples of a single property:

Household property (land plot, residential building, outbuildings - garage, shed, cellar, etc.),

An enterprise as a property complex (land plot, administrative building, production workshops, garages, warehouses, transport communications on the territory of the enterprise, etc.)

9. Information systems and technologies of the real estate cadastre. The final product when maintaining state cadastres should be banks of cadastral information. Users of information stored in such data banks can be territorial authorities, administrations of cities, regions, territories, republics within the Russian Federation and Federal authorities. In order for the capabilities of data banks to be effectively used by government authorities, three conditions must be met:

1) the cadastral data bank must contain reliable and complete information about cadastre objects.

2) access of interested services to cadastral information stored in data banks must be prompt, which is achievable thanks to terminal communication between data banks and the relevant services.

3) formats and classifiers of data banks of all objects of cadastral information must be uniform.

The Unified System of State Cadastres (USGK) should be an interconnected complex of territorially distributed state cadastres maintained on a unified geographic information basis and in accordance with certain legal, technological and economic standards. The Unified System of State Cadastres should include the following main groups of state cadastres:

Inventories of natural resources (land, water, mineral deposits, environmental, flora and fauna);

Real estate cadastres (engineering networks and communications, residential and non-residential buildings, transport highways, road networks);

Registers (population, enterprises, administrative territorial entities).

The creation and maintenance of all types of cadastre remains one of the most important problems of territorial management at the present stage. Inventory data are necessary for information support of economic activities in regions and cities, environmental monitoring and rational use of natural resources. The level and volume of information currently available about objects in the urban environment are so great that its processing and analysis are no longer possible without modern hardware and software. Therefore, it becomes extremely necessary to create an automated system for the city cadastre based on modern computer technologies and telecommunications as a single complex to obtain complete information about available resources. Since the cadastre operates with spatially referenced data and information, the relationship between its automation and GIS issues is obvious.

Solving cadastre problems at the modern level requires not only the use of modern software, but also deep technological elaboration of information system projects. The set of functional components of cadastral information systems should contain an effective and fast interface, automated data entry tools, a database management system adapted to solve relevant problems, a wide range of analysis tools, as well as tools for generating images, visualizing and outputting cartographic documents.

Technological problems of ensuring the operation of cadastral information systems include designing the mathematical basis of electronic maps, designing a digital terrain model, tasks of converting data into digital form, geometric modeling of spatial information, problem modeling of thematic data, etc.

The greatest interest is generated by new GIS technologies that provide efficiency, completeness and reliability of information both about the existing state of the urban environment within a particular city territory, and about proposed measures to change it during development and reconstruction.

At the moment, the main directions of implementation of the Concept of creating a unified federal system in the field of state registration of rights to real estate and state cadastral registration of real estate have been completed, the formation and improvement of which is carried out through the introduction of modern technologies and procedures for the provision of public services into the activities of the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography.

As part of the further development of the Unified Federal System for Registration of Rights and Cadastral Registration in 2012-2015, the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography plans to completely switch to electronic forms of service provision and interdepartmental interaction, which will simplify the procedure for their provision, make services of higher quality and accessibility , and will also shorten its terms.

10. Geodetic and cartographic foundations of land management and real estate cadastre. The geodetic basis of land management and the state real estate cadastre is the state geodetic network and special-purpose geodetic networks created in the prescribed manner (reference boundary networks).

The cartographic basis of land management and the state real estate cadastre are maps, plans, the requirements for which are determined by the regulatory body in the field of cadastral relations (the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation). A map is one of the most important sources of data for forming the content of real estate cadastre databases in the form of digital maps that form a unified basis for positioning objects, and a set of thematic data layers, the totality of which forms the general cartographic basis of the cadastre. The layer-by-layer representation of spatial objects has direct analogies with the element-by-element division of the thematic and general geographical content of maps.

The geodetic and cartographic foundations of land management and cadastre are created and updated in accordance with the Federal Law of December 26, 1995 No. 209-FZ “On Geodesy and Cartography”. To maintain the state real estate cadastre, local coordinate systems established for cadastral districts are used with the parameters of transition to a unified state coordinate system defined for them, and in established cases, a unified state coordinate system is used.

The composition of information from the state real estate cadastre on the cartographic and geodetic basis of the cadastre is determined by Article 12 of Federal Law No. 221-FZ “On the State Real Estate Cadastre”.

The following information is entered into the state real estate cadastre: cartographic cadastre basis:

1) the date of creation of the corresponding cartographic basis of the cadastre;

2) information about the organization that created the corresponding cartographic basis of the cadastre;

3) the scale of the cartographic basis of the cadastre;

4) coordinate system of the cartographic basis of the cadastre.

The following information is entered into the state real estate cadastre: geodetic cadastre basis:

1) catalogs (lists) of coordinates of points of reference boundary networks indicating the coordinate system;

2) types of signs of supporting boundary networks;

3) descriptions of the location of points of reference boundary networks (outlines).

This collection includes norms for land allocation for the construction of linear structures approved by the USSR State Construction Committee in 1973 - 1975:

Norms for land allocation for main pipelines (SN 452-73).

Norms for land allocation for fisheries enterprises (SN 455-73).

Land allocation standards for main water pipelines and sewer collectors (SN 456-73).

Land allocation standards for airports (SN 457-74).

Norms for land allocation for oil and gas wells (SN 459-74).

Norms for land allocation for communication lines (SN 461-74).

Norms for land allocation for the construction of geological exploration wells (SN 462-74).

Land allocation standards for electrical networks with voltages of 0.4 - 500 kV (SN 465-74).

Norms for land allocation for highways (SN 467-74).

Norms for land allocation for railways (SN 468-74).

Norms for land allocation for reclamation canals (SN 474-75).

Editor - architect. Yu.V. Polyansky (Gosstroy USSR)

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE USSR
ON CONSTRUCTION AFFAIRS
(GOSSTROY USSR)

______________________________________________________________________

STANDARDS
LAND ALLOCATION
FOR HIGHWAYS
PIPELINES

SN 452-73

Approved

State Committee

Council of Ministers of the USSR

Developed by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for the Construction of Trunk Pipelines (VNIIIST) of the Ministry of Oil and Gas Construction and agreed upon with the USSR Ministry of Agriculture and the USSR State Forestry Agency.

Editors - engineers R.T. Smolyakov (Gosstroy USSR) and M.P. Karpenko (VNIIIST Ministry of Oil and Gas Construction).

1. These standards establish the width of land strips for main underground pipelines (gas pipelines, oil pipelines and petroleum product pipelines) and the size of land plots for placement of shut-off valves for these pipelines.

Notes: 1. Strips of land for main underground pipelines are required for temporary short-term use during the period of their construction, and land plots for placement of shut-off valves are required for indefinite (permanent) use.

2. The width of land strips for main above-ground and on-ground pipelines is determined by a project approved in the prescribed manner.

3. Strips of land for main pipelines should be allocated in sections in accordance with the construction sequence provided for by the project.

2. When selecting, allocating and using land for main pipelines, one must comply with the requirements of the Fundamentals of Land Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics, the Fundamental Provisions for the Restoration of Lands Disturbed during the Development of Mineral Deposits, Conducting Geological Exploration, Construction and Other Works, as well as the relevant all-Union regulatory documents, approved or agreed upon by the USSR State Construction Committee.

3. The width of the strip of land allocated for temporary short-term use for the period of construction of one main underground pipeline should be established according to Table. .

Table 1

	Width of land for one underground pipeline, m
	on non-agricultural lands or unsuitable for agriculture and lands of the state forest fund	on agricultural lands of poorer quality (when removing and restoring the fertile layer)
1. Up to 426 inclusive……….…
2. More than 426 to 720 inclusive...
3. More than 720 to 1020 inclusive...
4. More than 1020 to 1220 inclusive...
5. More than 1220 to 1420 inclusive...

Notes 1. The provision of state forest fund lands for main pipelines is carried out primarily at the expense of areas not covered by forest or areas occupied by shrubs and low-value plantings. If it is necessary to provide for these purposes in exceptional cases lands of the state forest fund covered with forest, the width of the strips of land for main pipelines is established in agreement with the State Forestry Agency of the USSR, but not more than the width indicated in column 2 of the table. for pipelines of corresponding diameters.

2. The provision for use and withdrawal of land for main pipelines is carried out in accordance with Articles 10 and 16 of the Fundamentals of Land Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics.

3. The width of land strips for main underground pipelines with a diameter of more than 1420 mm and pipelines being built in difficult terrain (swamps, tundra, deserts, mountains, etc.), as well as the size of land plots for fire and emergency structures (embankments, ditches and tanks for oil and petroleum products), pipeline cathodic protection stations, connection points for pumping and compressor stations, pipeline cleaning devices and for the construction of crossings through natural and artificial obstacles are determined by a project approved in the prescribed manner.

4. The width and length of strips of land allocated for temporary use for major repairs of main pipelines are determined by a project approved in the prescribed manner, while the width of these strips should not exceed the width provided for in Table. for pipelines of corresponding diameters.

4. The width of the strip of land allocated for temporary short-term use for the period of construction of two or more parallel main underground pipelines should be taken equal to the width of the strip of land for one pipeline (given in the table of these standards) plus the distance between the axes of the outer pipelines. The distance between the axes of adjacent pipelines should be taken according to the table. .

table 2

	Distance between the axes of adjacent main pipelines, m
	gas pipelines	oil pipelines and oil product pipelines
1. Up to 426 inclusive.…………....
2. More than 426 to 720 inclusive…….
3. More than 720 to 1020 inclusive...…
4. More than 1020 to 1220 inclusive.....
5. More than 1220 to 1420 inclusive.....

Notes: 1. The distance between the axes of adjacent pipelines of different diameters should be taken equal to the distance established for a pipeline of larger diameter.

2. The distance between two oil pipelines and oil product pipelines laid simultaneously in one trench may be less than that indicated in the table. , but not less than 1 m between the walls of the pipelines.

5. Land plots allocated for indefinite (permanent) use for the placement of shut-off valves for underground main pipelines should be no more than 10 in size´ 10 m each.

6. The use of land above underground main pipelines for its intended purpose must be carried out by land users in compliance with measures to ensure the safety of pipelines.

STANDARDS FOR LAND ALLOCATION FOR MAIN PIPELINES
SN 452-73

State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Construction Affairs (Gosstroy USSR)	Building codes	SN 452-73
	Land allocation standards for main pipelines
Introduced by the Ministry of Gas Industry	Approved by the State Committee of the USSR Council of Ministers for Construction on March 30, 1973.	Implementation date: March 30, 1973

1. These standards establish the width of land strips for main underground pipelines (gas pipelines, oil pipelines and petroleum product pipelines) and the size of land plots for placement of shut-off valves for these pipelines.

Notes: 1. Strips of land for main underground pipelines are required for temporary short-term use during the period of their construction, and land plots for placement of shut-off valves are for indefinite (permanent) use.

2. The width of land strips for main above-ground and on-ground pipelines is determined by a project approved in the prescribed manner.

3. Strips of land for main pipelines should be allocated in sections in accordance with the construction sequence provided for by the project.

2. When selecting, allocating and using land for main pipelines, one must comply with the requirements of the Fundamentals of Land Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics, the Fundamental Provisions for the Restoration of Lands Disturbed during the Development of Mineral Deposits, Conducting Geological Exploration, Construction and Other Works, as well as the relevant all-Union normative documents approved or agreed upon by the USSR State Construction Committee.

3. The width of the strip of land allocated for temporary short-term use for the period of construction of one main underground pipeline should be established according to table. 1.

Table 1

Pipeline diameter, mm	Width of land for one underground pipeline, m
	on non-agricultural lands or unsuitable for agriculture and lands of the state forest fund	on agricultural lands of poorer quality (when removing and restoring the fertile layer)
1	2	3
1. Up to 426 inclusive	20	28
2. More than 426 to 720 inclusive	23	33
3. More than 720 to 1020 inclusive	28	39
4. More than 1020 to 1220 inclusive	30	42
5. More than 1220 to 1420 inclusive	32	45

Notes: 1. The provision of state forest fund lands for main pipelines is carried out primarily at the expense of unforested areas or areas occupied by shrubs and low-value plantings. If it is necessary to provide for these purposes in exceptional cases lands of the state forest fund covered with forest, the width of the strips of land for main pipelines is established in agreement with the State Forestry Agency of the USSR, but not more than the width indicated in column 2 of the table. 1 for pipelines of corresponding diameters.

NORMS OF WATER DAZE MEL

FOR MAIN PIPES

CH 4 5 2 - 7 3

By Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee dated March 30, 1973 N 45, the Land Allocation Norms developed by the All-Union Research Institute for the Construction of Trunk Pipelines of the Ministry of Oil and Gas, presented by Mingazprom and agreed upon with the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR and the State Forestry of the USSR, were developed and put into effect on March 30, 1973. for main pipelines.

1. These standards establish the width of land strips for main underground pipelines (gas pipelines, oil pipelines and oil product pipelines) and the size of land plots for placing shut-off valves for these pipelines.

Notes: 1. Strips of land for main pipelines are required for temporary short-term use during the period of their construction, and land plots for placement of shut-off valves are required for indefinite (permanent) use.

2. The width of land strips for main overhead pipelines is determined by a project approved in the prescribed manner.

3. Strips of land for main pipelines should be allocated in sections in accordance with the construction sequence provided for by the project.

2. When selecting, allocating and using land for main pipelines, you must comply with the requirements of the Fundamentals of Land Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics, the Fundamental Provisions for the Restoration of Lands Disturbed during the Development of Mineral Deposits, Conducting Geological Exploration, Construction and Other Works, as well as the relevant all-Union normative documents approved or agreed upon by the State Construction Committee of the SSR.

3. The width of the strip of land allocated for temporary short-term use for the period of construction of one main underground pipeline should be established according to Table 1.

Table 1

Pipe diameter in mm	Width of land for one underground pipeline in m
	on non-agricultural lands for economic purposes, or unsuitable for rural farms and lands state forest fund	on agricultural lands for economic purposes quality (when removing and recovery fertile layer)
1. Up to 426 inclusive
Notes: 1. The provision of state forest fund lands for main pipelines is carried out mainly at the expense of unforested areas or areas occupied by shrubs and low-value plantings. If it is necessary to provide state forest lands covered with forest for these purposes in exceptional cases, the width of land strips for main pipelines is established in agreement with the USSR State Forestry Agency, but not more than the width indicated in column 2 of Table 1 for pipelines of the corresponding diameters. 2. The provision for use and withdrawal of land for main pipelines is carried out in accordance with Articles 10 and 16 of the Fundamentals of Land Legislation of the USSR and Union Republics. 3. The width of land strips for main underground pipelines with a diameter of more than 1420 mm and pipelines being built in difficult terrain (swamps, tundra, deserts, mountains, etc.), as well as the size of land plots for fire and emergency structures (embankments, ditches and tanks for oil and petroleum products), pipeline cathodic protection stations, connection points for pumping and compressor stations, pipeline cleaning devices and for the construction of crossings through natural and artificial obstacles are determined by a project approved in the prescribed manner. 4. The width and length of strips of land allocated for temporary use for major repairs of main pipelines are determined by a project approved in the prescribed manner, while the width of these strips should not exceed the width provided in Table 1 for pipelines of the corresponding diameters.

4. The width of the strip of land allocated for temporary short-term use for the period of construction of two or more parallel main underground pipelines should be taken equal to the width of the strip of land for one pipeline (given in Table 1 of these standards) plus the distance between the axes of the outermost pipelines. The distance between the axes of adjacent pipelines should be taken according to the standards given in Table 2.

table 2

Pipe diameter in mm	Distance between adjacent axes main pipelines in m
	gas pipelines	oil pipelines and petroleum product pipelines
1. Up to 426 inclusive
2. More than 426 to 720 inclusive
3. More than 720 to 1020 inclusive
4. More than 1020 to 1220 inclusive
5. More than 1220 to 1420 inclusive
Notes: 1. The distance between the axes of adjacent pipelines of different diameters should be taken equal to the distance established for a pipeline of larger diameter. 2. The distance between two oil pipelines and oil product pipelines laid simultaneously in one trench may be less than that specified in Table 2, but not less than 1 m between the walls of the pipelines.

5. Land plots allocated for indefinite (permanent) use for the placement of shut-off valves for underground main pipelines should be no more than 10 x 10 m in size each.

The use of land above underground main pipelines for its intended purpose must be carried out by land users in compliance with measures to ensure the safety of pipelines.