We are unlikely to ever know the full answer to the question posed in the title. But far from a penny contribution to the answer to it follows from the text below.
Original taken from iov75 in The curious religious composition of senior officers in Assad's army
Why Assad's army is not retreating (The National Interest, USA)
The American magazine The National Interest, which pays great attention to the situation in Syria, released the material “Why Assad's Army Has Not Defected.” The Federal News Agency offers readers a translation of this material.
Four years ago, then-Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan said that “in just a few weeks” he would "Praying in the Great Mosque of Damascus", since the army of Syrian leader Bashar al-Assad should, in his opinion, “about to fall.” Following Erdogan, Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak expressed a similar point of view. When both of these politicians made their assumptions on this matter in 2012, there was neither the Iranian military nor the Russian air force on the Syrian side.
With the collapse of yet another round of peace talks and the entire world waiting for the next turn of events in Syria, it is time to heed the warnings of Henry Kissinger and Zbigniew Brzezinski. Kissinger and Brzezinski, the most experienced and influential American policymakers on Middle East issues since World War II, opposed conventional wisdom and said that Syrian President Bashar al-Assad was supported by more people and forces than all national opposition groups combined.
It is no secret that the authorities of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United States tried to bribe some officials from the circle of politicians close to Assad in order to undermine his forces. However, the professional military personnel of the Syrian army remained absolutely loyal to their leader.
The majority of the Syrian army consists of conscripts and only about eighty thousand professional soldiers. At the beginning of the conflict, much attention was paid to the thousands of soldiers who deserted, but these were those few conscripts who were never particularly eager to serve in the army, and even in peacetime, they would most likely try to find a way to evade this duty. The professional ranks, meanwhile, still remain very strong and multi-confessional. When representatives of the Syrian opposition talk about the multi-religious future of Syria, they do not realize that while they are debating in Geneva, Washington or Vienna, their representatives in Syria are collaborating with the most fanatical and radical terrorist groups in the entire Middle East.
The Syrian army has held its position for more than five years. Its numbers may have decreased slightly, which, in principle, is inevitable in any military conflict. Upon closer examination, the not entirely obvious fact becomes clear that the backbone of the Syrian army is made up of Sunnis. Syria's current defense minister, Fahed Jasem al-Frej, is one of the most decorated military officials in the history of the Syrian army, and he hails from the central Sunni region of Hama. The two most important heads of the Syrian intelligence services, Ali Mamlouk and Mohammed dib Zaytoun, have also repeatedly proven their loyalty to the Assad government and both are Sunnis from very influential families. The now-deceased intelligence member Rustum Ghazali, who briefly led Lebanon, was also a Sunni; the head of the intelligence department of the political department, Mahmoud al-Khattib, also comes from one of the most ancient Sunni families of Damascus, which can be said about many other military officials.
The history of the Syrian army formed by Hafez al-Assad is very instructive. As president, Assad Sr. appointed senior members of the Syrian Air Force to positions of army high command. Naji Jameel (Sunni) served as Air Force Commander from 1970 to 1978 and was promoted and transferred to the General Staff Committee for Supervising Iraqi Border Security. Among the lucky ones to receive these kinds of promotions were Mohammed al-Khuli, who until 1993 held enviable positions in the logistics sector between Damascus and Lebanon, as well as Rustum Ghazali, Ghazem al Khadra and Dib Zaytun, all of them Sunnis. Beginning in 1973, the strategically important tank battalions of the 17th Armed Brigade, located near Damascus in the town of al-Kishwa, consisted of ordinary Alawites, commanded by such outstanding Sunni officers as Hasan Turkmani and Hikmat Shehabi.
From the 1970s until the 1990s, the Syrian army carried out orders to stabilize the situation in Lebanon. During this period, the Syrian military, supporting its Lebanese puppets, tried to beat the Israeli army and the American fleet. In Iraq, after the overthrow of Sadam Hussein, the Americans were unable to understand which of the Shiite and Sunni rebels was supported by Syrian military intelligence, largely due to the professional skills of its personnel.
The Syrian army is at the same time the only army in the entire Middle East that has in its ranks a large number of generals who profess Christianity. The most famous of them is Daoud Raja, the chief of staff of Greek origin, he professes Greek Orthodoxy. The two most influential Lebanese Christian leaders at the moment, Michel Aoun and Suleiman Franjieh, both candidates for the Lebanese presidency, are also allies of the Syrian army and the government of Bashar al-Assad. And the Syrian city of Deir ez-Zour, which successfully held a blockade for two years, is a completely Sunni city.
Based on all of the above, we can conclude that the fact remains: a moderate Syrian opposition exists only in the West. In reality, it has no real armed support. Bashar al-Assad still holds the presidency of Syria not only because his regime is supported by Russian and Iranian forces, but also because his army, being multi-religious and resilient, represents a Syria in which religion is not a determining factor in promotion. The Syrian army is also one of the most significant obstacles to the spread of terrorism. That is why three of the highest-ranking British generals over the past five years have openly called on the world community to recognize the Syrian army as the only force capable of suppressing ISIS and al-Qaeda (both organizations are recognized as terrorist by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, their activities are prohibited in Russia).
HIPPOTHERAPY AS A CHANCE FOR RECOVERY
The horse is one of the symbols of kindness, freedom and fortitude. Imagine this picture: a field along which a stallion is running, cutting through the open spaces. The view alone is breathtaking. And it’s a real pleasure to be part of this process.
Adults squeal with delight when they sit on a horse for the first time. And what can we say about children and especially “special” boys and girls. What kind of flurry of emotions does a child with special needs experience when he gets into the saddle? He doesn’t know how to walk, but he sits on a horse and that makes him extremely happy!
It has been proven that contact with horses has a positive effect on human health. Hippotherapy is one of the most effective methods of treating animals through horses. It is aimed at combating many diseases.
This direction has been successfully developing in the Oryol region for more than four years. On the basis of the Oryol stud farm "Vyazki", the Children's Rehabilitation Equestrian Center "Boni Club" was created and is successfully operating. The hippotherapy section is attended by boys, girls and even adults with diseases such as cerebral palsy, various disorders of the musculoskeletal system, and autism.
Some people call hippotherapy therapeutic horse riding. Indeed, the main effect is achieved precisely through exercises performed on a horse. But still it cannot be said that these two concepts are absolutely identical. After all, an important condition for healing is not only horse riding, but also simply communicating with the horse and caring for it, said trainer Alla Kameneva. - Our students attend the section 2 - 3 times a week. We use an integrated approach: a person warms up and develops muscles while sitting on a horse, gets a crazy charge of energy and just great pleasure from communicating with this animal.
GOLD AND SILVER AT ALL-RUSSIAN COMPETITIONS
The results of such exercises have not only a therapeutic effect. The Oryol guys, under the guidance of their mentors, went further and became real athletes. Pair Olympic Equestrianism is the newest discipline of the International Equestrian Federation. Currently, Paralympic dressage is the only type of Para-Equestrian included in the Paralympic program.
Who knows, probably very soon students of the Bonnie Club will be among the participants, and perhaps even the winners. In any case, both the athletes themselves and their coaches have such hopes.
Having noticed good results from hippotherapy, we decided that our guys could go further and engage in equestrian sports. Our hopes were justified. For the first time in the history of the region, two of our students became participants in the Open Traditional Moscow Equestrian Cup named after P. Gurvich,” said coach Maria Semenikhina.
More than 30 athletes from Russian regions took part in the competition. Despite the serious competition and the fact that the Oryol participants had to rent horses (the cost of transportation is too high), our fellow countrymen performed brilliantly.
Nine-year-old Valeria Ritarovskaya received a gold medal in her debut competition.
I didn’t believe it until the last moment when I heard my name. The opponents were so strong, and they were all older than me. “I am grateful to my coach - this is our common victory,” Valeria shared her impressions.
The girl now cannot imagine her life without horses. She has been training at the Oryol Boni Club, located in the village of Vyazki, for three years.
It all started with hippotherapy, which became a real salvation for us. In a short time, my daughter got rid of hyperactivity syndrome and became more diligent and attentive. And the horses also made her character soft and flexible. No one expected that therapy would also become a sport, in which our girl, I hope, will achieve even greater success,” said the athlete’s mother, Ella Koktysh.
Another Oryol athlete showed an excellent result. 28-year-old Ekaterina Eliseeva received a silver medal at a competition in Moscow.
PRESIDENTIAL GRANT
Very soon, Oryol athletes with disabilities will have the opportunity to perform on their site. For the first time, Paralympic equestrian competitions will be held at the Vyazki equestrian yard using a grant from the President of the Russian Federation for the development of civil society provided by the Presidential Grants Fund.
On August 30 - 31 we will hold competitions for children with disabilities. Athletes not only from the Oryol region, but also from neighboring regions will be able to take part in them. Prizes await the winners. And of course, it will be a real equestrian festival with demonstration performances and themed quizzes. So we are waiting for everyone to visit us,” noted Maria Semenikhina.
The date for the competition was not chosen by chance. August 31 is the day of remembrance of Florus and Laurus, who have long been revered in Rus' as patrons of domestic animals, especially horses. On this day, an equestrian holiday was traditionally celebrated; horses were not used for work; they were bathed and fed “to the fullest.” Come to the Vyazki stud farm on August 30 and 31, you will definitely enjoy it.
Club address: Oryol region, Oryol district, Vyazki village.
Opening hours: from 10.00 to 20.00, closed on Monday. Tel.: 8-910-267-87-08, 8-920-810-89-35.
THIS IS INTERESTING
It is known that during wars they used horses for treatment. Having been injured in battle, they accelerated their rehabilitation by riding a horse and, I must say, achieved success.
Thanks to the Presidential Grants Fund, competitions for children with disabilities will be held very soon.
Hippotherapy is extremely useful for rude, hot-tempered and aggressive people, as well as fussy and overly active people. Regular hippotherapy sessions make them calmer. In addition, therapeutic horseback riding is recommended for diseases of neurological etiology, in particular Down syndrome, autism, Duchenne myopathy, polio, sensory disorders, asthenic neurosis, etc.
Excessively self-absorbed and withdrawn people suffering from autism, when communicating with kind and trusting horses, become liberated on an emotional level and begin to feel the desire to communicate with others. This reduces inhibition, anxiety, eliminates phobias, and helps adapt to reality.
Program "Half an hour retro". Its author and permanent presenter is Sergei TIKHONIN, a resident of the city of Kayerkan. Today, his colorful, mustachioed face is recognized by many, many people in the city.
Sergei Fedorovich has truly unique knowledge in the field of Soviet pop music of the 60-80s. It is interesting that he acquired them not only due to natural curiosity and the opportunity to receive a wide variety of information at the place of work of his wife Olga (she works in one of the Kayerkan libraries), but also due to the fact that Tikhonin himself, studying at the St. Petersburg GITMIK in the seventies ( State Institute of Theater Arts and Culture), very actively collaborated with many of the then famous VIA. He developed the warmest and most friendly relations with the team of the Kalinka ensemble. Sergey is personally acquainted with other St. Petersburg and Moscow musicians of the “major league” of past years, including Edita Piekha, Eduard Khil, Irina Ponarovskaya and many others. But, as they say, it is not enough to know, you also need to love. Sergei Tikhonin selflessly loves the songs of time, which is moving further and further away from us. Loves and helps others to love them. Today, songs from the 60s to the 80s are heard on a wide variety of television and radio broadcasts. Konstantin Ernst shot three two-hour films of “old songs about the main thing” for ORT. Diving into retro music has become fashionable among electronic media. Perhaps the new owners of TV channels and radio stations are simply nostalgic for a dollar for 63 kopecks. Or record company owners longingly remember the years when the “Black Roger” of rampant piracy did not proudly hover over the music market. Or maybe the history of mankind is developing, as has already been proven, in a spiral... True, there is one “but”. For some reason, all the songs of the carefree pioneer years are sung today, to put it mildly, in a rather free arrangement. In fashionable arrangements, in endless electronic bells and whistles, in the weak vocals of contemporaries and contemporaries, one can often barely guess the lyrical mood to which the listener would like to tune in. Tikhonin treats this aspect very, very carefully. With the help of his friends Alexei Prokhorov and Sergei Kuzmin, more than once or twice he restored the original sound from gramophone records that had been worn almost to holes, from rigid tape tapes that had crumbled to the point of transparency. The sound in his programs, or, in modern terms, program soundtracks, is perhaps his main achievement. It is a pity that no one has yet become interested in the work of the guys and has not begun to produce the fruits of their labors with excellent quality... * * * I was lucky enough to help Sergei in the preparation, filming, editing and broadcast of the very first programs of “Half an Hour Retro”. This happened in the late autumn of 1994 on the night air of the Youth Channel on SKTV Channel-7. The very first release included the songs “Farewell to Bratsk”, “On the dusty paths of distant planets...”, “Caravel”... Sergei then proposed an unexpected move - to put not a video series for the song, but a photo series, since photographs are on the covers of records , in Melodiya magazines, books and other sources, in contrast to video materials, was more or less enough. It was only later that Sergei and his assistants began to edit entire clips from films of past years into songs. TV viewers also helped, starting to send not only discs and tape recordings, but also, which is absolutely priceless, video materials. With each release the program became more and more professional. Tikhonin did not change only one thing: the image he found of a “smart mustachioed head” speaking from the screen in long, well-structured phrases about music and musicians. Therefore, you need to listen to him at least in order to learn how to speak in front of a large crowd of people. Although some believe that “Fedorych is too boring and talks for a long time.” Apparently, these new music lovers either never listened to Tikhonin carefully, or do not like retro music, or are simply jealous of him. Not long ago, Tikhonin discovered a whole world of songs from the 30s, 40s and 50s. According to him, he simply fell in love with these people, with the spirit of that time. Several Tikhonin programs have already been dedicated to those unforgettable years and performers. Sergei is not going to leave this topic in the future. * * * A month ago, a celebration was held in the city cultural center dedicated to the anniversary - the hundredth - release of "Half an Hour of Retro". To be honest, I went to this concert with mixed feelings. On the one hand, I greatly respect Sergei Fedorovich for his asceticism. On the other hand... for some reason I was sure that the concert version of “Half an Hour of Retro” would be long and boring. The fact is that not everything we see on TV looks as interesting and dynamic on stage. But the fears turned out to be in vain. The creative group of the State Central Committee and Sergei Tikhonin prepared and held a wonderful evening, which, despite its duration, left in my memory a picture of something very bright, pleasant and festive. The concert was hosted by Sergei Fedorovich himself, who for the first time in my memory wore a tuxedo, and the director of the cultural center, Yuri Fomin, who later admitted that he had not experienced such satisfaction from his work for a long time. The masters of the Norilsk stage performed before the assembled spectators - Alexander Nagorny, Nikita Kovalenko, Natalya Kirakosyan, Evgeny Shkarupa, Oleg Nikiforov and Evgeny Ilyenkov, for whom performing retro songs for the restaurant public is a daily duty, and they happily sang them from the concert stage . A variety of songs were sung - from “My Clear Little Star” to “The Cabbie’s Song”, from “Jamaica” to “Mother’s Record”. The program was attended by guitarist Alexei Zhdanov, author and performer Sergei Naumov, the Malko dance quartet, as well as two sons of Tikhonin himself (father of four children!). And in the second part, the audience was in for a surprise. Sergei Tikhonin's friend Vladimir Dyadenistov, a former vocalist of VIA Kalinka, who is now the artistic director of the St. Petersburg Rock Opera Theater, flew in from St. Petersburg especially to participate in the anniversary program. Vladimir sang several songs, and then, dressed in a stage costume, performed two arias from Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock opera "Jesus Christ - Super Star" (from the Russian version). Long-forgotten goosebumps crawled across my rough skin... That unforgettable December holiday was presented to the Norilsk residents, together with Sergei Tikhonin, by specialists from the city cultural center, the Kayerkan administration, the companies "Liga-Nord", "Home and Office", "Jurmala", the trading house "Maxim" ", music stores "Panorama" and "Kaleidoscope", studio "Channel-7", television company "Nago-TV", book salon "Natta-press". * * * The hundredth episode has finished, but the program “Half an Hour of Retro” continues to live on. Tikhonin's works should be looked for on the broadcast networks of Nago-TV and Channel-7. The song remains with the person, the song does not say goodbye to us, for which I bow to Sergei. A. ARSENYEV. Photo by the author (with the support of the Kodak photo center - Leninsky, 31).
The development of a child at 4 years old is associated with his further maturation. The baby has grown up, you have already changed clothing sizes more than once. He is active and inquisitive, speaks well and expresses his thoughts. The child begins to show character and establishes himself as an individual. He knows how to do many things and actively learns new things. Some children at this age know all the letters, count to ten, and begin to read syllables.
Physical development of a four-year-old child
The height of a four-year-old boy reaches 98.3-105.5 cm, girls - 98.5-104.1 cm. A boy weighs 15.1-17.8 kg, a girl - 14.8-17.7 kg. By the age of four, the genetic characteristics of children appear; with parents of short stature, the child will most likely also be small. With a tall father and mother, babies grow taller faster. Height and weight also depend on activity, nutrition, and living conditions. A special table with normal indicators helps to establish developmental delays. If a child’s readings are significantly underestimated or overestimated, he may need to consult an endocrinologist.
Motor skills in preschoolers become more perfect. They are extremely active, constantly running, jumping, and never sit still for a minute. Children can go up and down stairs without support, at a calm pace and at a run. They climb the wall bars and overcome obstacles. They ride a tricycle well and play with a ball. They can stand on one leg for about nine seconds. They somersault over their heads and are able to perform complex gymnastic exercises. True, they have problems with balance, so it needs to be developed.
Fine motor skills of the hands also achieve great development. Children can accurately draw different shapes, triangles, circles, squares. They manage to depict some animals, flowers, trees, little people. Some begin to write elements of letters in copybook. In coloring they hardly go beyond the lines. A four-year-old child can string beads and buttons on a thread. He builds tall towers from cubes and stacks construction sets.
In everyday life, children by the age of four are very independent. They drink well from a mug, eat with a spoon, fork, and some even use a table knife. They know how to wash themselves and brush their teeth. Putting on clothes is not a problem for them, except that it is not always possible to cope with buttons and laces. It is very important at this time to instill in the child hygiene skills, remind them to brush their teeth and wash their hands. It is necessary to teach the child to fold toys after class, which is very important for the development of accuracy.
Child's mental and speech development
By the age of four, a child’s thinking is actively developing. The thousands of questions he asks are precisely a manifestation of this development. At three years old, the baby mainly used a practical, visual and effective type of thinking. He independently tried to figure out the structure of objects, pressing buttons, levers, breaking toys. Now visual-figurative is joining this type. The baby learns to perceive images and patterns of objects, and to use their individual properties. This perception manifests itself very clearly when drawing. The child depicts only the most important details. For example, to picture a house, he just needs to draw a square with a roof; he draws a cat on four legs with a tail and whiskers.
The development of a more complex type of thinking, logical, is just beginning by the age of four. It manifests itself in the ability to generalize the properties of things, find identical features in them and group objects according to these features. It is still difficult for a child to understand abstract things. Move from specific images associated with words to general ones. To stimulate mental development, you need to work with the child, teach him what “time”, “number”, “measure” are.
By the age of four, a child’s speech becomes more complex. He speaks more than a thousand words, pronounces almost all sounds and letters. Knows how to correctly compose sentences of 4-6 words, use verbs, adjectives, objects, conjugate nouns according to cases. Sometimes he makes grammatical mistakes in conversations, but this happens less and less often. The preschooler is able to quite coherently retell the events and content of the book he read. A four-year-old child likes to create new words; they seem more suitable to him for naming certain objects. The baby already clearly answers questions and can carry out 3-4 instructions from adults. He knows his name, the names of his mom and dad, and his grandparents. Can give his address, the address of a friend, or grandparents.
Children's imagination actively develops. They write fairy tales and play complex role-playing games. Sometimes they come up with monsters and monsters, and then they are afraid of them. You need to patiently explain to the child that his fears are in vain. Under no circumstances should you frighten children yourself; this is far from the best way to get them to obey. Preschoolers' memory improves; they accumulate the results of their cognitive activity in their heads. They already know several colors and quickly remember new ones. Up to 4-5 figures are named, including three-dimensional ones. They learn by heart and recite poems of 4-8 stanzas. Children who have good hearing sing songs and remember melodies well.
Child's emotional and social development
The psycho-emotional development of children at four years of age is no less intense than their intellectual development. The child learned to cope with his feelings and mastered the basic rules of behavior. He can still be capricious, but not aggressive. Although new problems appear at this age, the baby suddenly becomes withdrawn, sad, and does not show interest in his peers. He is going through another transitional period, a new stage of awareness of himself as an individual. He has already learned to evaluate his actions and understands perfectly well when he acts well and when he acts badly. If a child is often punished for wrong actions, and successes and good behavior are ignored, he develops complexes. The child thinks that no one loves him, that he is bad. When a preschooler is hyperactive, such problems result in uncontrollable behavior. In calm children, they are more likely to manifest themselves as depression.
In order to avoid emotional problems, you need to create a favorable atmosphere in the family. It is important for a child not only how he is addressed, but also the parents’ relationship with each other. Adults need to take seriously the age-related characteristics of a preschooler’s psyche and pay attention to his mood.
Try to understand why he is sad. Perhaps the baby has problems communicating with other children. Maybe the problem is you, you scold him too often, overload him with training. It is worth contacting a specialist when a bad mood is not a random episode, but a constant condition, for 2-3 weeks or a month. Parents should be wary if a preschooler suddenly becomes very aggressive, begins to stutter, or stops making contact with you or with peers.
Social contacts become a necessity for a four-year-old child. He has already mastered the first lessons of communicating with children. Now he is actively mastering his role in games and takes a certain place in the children's team. The child makes friends and enemies, he begins to quarrel and make peace with them. Four-year-old children are less selfish than before, they know how to share toys and treats. Although it happens that a child is greedy and hides his things from others. Try to gently explain that this is not necessary. After all, no one wants to be friends with greedy people. And if today he shares with others, tomorrow they will share with him.
Child's regimen and nutrition
In the period from three to four years, the child completely switches to the table that adults eat. This does not mean that you don’t need to pay attention to his nutrition. After all, the baby is growing and actively developing, he needs energy. Many children at this age lose their appetite and the mother has to be very inventive in order to prepare something for the baby. By the age of four, children eat 4 times a day. Half of the total amount of food should be for breakfast and dinner, a little more than a third for lunch and about 15% for an afternoon snack. The baby’s diet should be complete, including all the main ingredients, vitamins and microelements. Here are the recommended products to use for cooking (also their daily volume):
- Meat (chicken, rabbit, turkey, beef, lean pork) – 120-130 grams.
- Fish, preferably sea fish
- Any cereals – 60-70 grams
- Vegetable oil and butter 10 g and 25 g, respectively
- Curd – 50 g, milk – 500 g
- Various vegetables – 220-260 grams
- Fruits and berries – 220-260 grams
- Bread (white and rye) – 120-150 grams.
For breakfast, your baby can make casseroles from vegetables, cottage cheese with sour cream, porridge with milk, an omelet or a boiled egg. For lunch, the baby must eat soup, fresh salad, vegetable puree, meat or fish, juice or compote. For an afternoon snack, you can give your child fruit, cookies, and yogurt. Dinner should not be too dense. Prepare vegetable stew, pancakes, pasta casserole with fish or chicken. Before going to bed, the baby can drink a glass of milk or kefir. Do not have snacks between meals, otherwise your child’s appetite will spoil.
As before, at the age of four it is necessary to follow a daily routine. The child should do meals, walks, homework and activities at the same time. This is especially important for children who go to kindergarten. If during the holidays you wean him off the regime, it will be physically difficult for him to get used to it again. The baby now sleeps once a day for 1-2 hours. Some children gradually begin to give up daytime sleep; by the age of 6-7 years this will be the majority. At night, a healthy baby practically does not wake up, does not cry, unless he has experienced an emotional shock during the day or is frightened by loud sounds. He sleeps at night for about 9-10 hours, wakes up at 7-8 in the morning, and should fall asleep at 9 in the evening.
Sports activities with a four-year-old child
By the age of four, the baby is already well physically strengthened. He is very active, but his balance is still poorly developed, try to improve it. Exercises on the crossbar, walking on a beam, along a curb or at home on the carpet on tiptoes and on tiptoes will help with this. Try to show how to do a swallow, stand on one leg like a heron.
Age 4 is the time to send your child to the sports section. Do not set yourself the task of making him an outstanding athlete; the child should play sports with pleasure, and not under duress. Do regular exercises with your preschooler, buy him rings, a crossbar, a wall bars, if you haven’t purchased these exercise machines yet.
Teaching language and logical thinking
At four years old, the child learns well. You can start learning a foreign language with him. If you speak it yourself, try studying the language at home. This video, special materials and educational literature, and educational cards will help you with this. Native speech also needs to be improved. Read books together, learn poems, sayings, riddles. It is also worth paying attention to how the child speaks, gently and unobtrusively correcting his mistakes. If he has trouble pronouncing some letters and sounds, he may need to see a speech therapist. There are different methods for correcting speech; a specialist will help you choose the most suitable one.
Send
The child needs classes to develop logic. Prepare cards with pictures of various objects. Let the child choose from them images with the same properties, eliminating unnecessary ones. They develop logic and various labyrinths from which you need to find a way out. They can be drawn on paper or made from three-dimensional materials. Master counting with your child; he is already able to operate with numbers within ten. To study arithmetic, you can use pictures in a special textbook, counting sticks or regular pencils. By the age of four, children quickly grasp the alphabet. Preschoolers whose parents practice early development already know how to read. If you haven't taught letters with your baby yet, now is the time to start. Be sure to buy a notebook in which your child will learn to write. Many children dream of becoming adults and going to school. They may like the game of teacher and student, and they will be more willing to master the material.
Creative development of the child
Don't forget about creative activities. They are necessary for the harmonious psychological development of the child. Buy him various educational toys and coloring books, try to get your child to engage in visual arts on his own. Lay out the cards in front of him and let him draw whatever he wants on them. It is also not necessary to paint with the colors that are on the sample; it is better when the child shows imagination. Motor skills are improved by modeling; children at the age of 4 can already make quite complex objects, birds, animals, cars, people, and entire compositions from plasticine. In addition, the child must be able to hold scissors in his hands, cut out pictures along the contours, and make appliqués. Creative activities should include dancing and learning songs. Gymnastics should also be done to music, so it will be more interesting and fun for the child.
By the age of four, developmental levels vary from child to child. Some are more creative, others are better at math. Some speak beautifully, recite poetry, while others prefer sports. That is why it is so important to take into account their individual characteristics when raising children. If the child's development and behavior do not go beyond the norm, parents have nothing to worry about. Your baby’s development plan should be his own; you should not compare him with other children. In no case should you overload children with activities, give them endless tests and checks, or force them to develop perseverance. If you overdo it, your child’s interest in learning can be discouraged forever.
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