The skull and jaws teeth predators are divided into cutters, fangs and indigenous. The most developed fangs and four indigenous teeth are the most developed., Unlike other indigenous teeth, are called predatory. Fanging predators kill and break the prey, the muscles and tendons are overloaded with root teeth, and the cutters scrape meat from the bones of animals killed.

The limbs in predatory are four or five fingers on each of the paws. The thumb is not opposed to other fingers and in some species atrophied or reduced. The dice of the wrist, as a rule, stroked, thanks to which the joints are stronger. The clavicle of both the lastonodium and other families is reduced or completely absent. However, in predatory, which are primarily adapted to the persecution of production, limbs are moving mainly only forward and forth. Some predatory, such as feline and ping representatives, walk on the fingers, while bears rely on the feet. The limbs of the lastonodii are strongly adapted to the water habitat and are transformed into flippers, in which the fingers are connected by leathery.

Organs, due to usually low specialization in the adoption of certain food, the digestive system, like the jaw, compared with many vegetative, very archaic, but at the same time provides great adaptive opportunities. It consists of a stomach and a relatively short intestine. In females, a two-round uterus, and the dairy glands are located on the stomach. Males, with the exception of hyenas, possess bakulyum, and the testicles are located outside the body. The brain is relatively large and has furrows of the cortex of the brain.

Power Most of predatory - carnivorous animals. The need for meat they are covered by hunting or food Padal. However, most of the predatory is omnivorous, that is, their diet complements other types of food, such as berries or herbs. Many small predatory, such as mangoshos, as well as larger foods, including invertebrates, mostly insects. Some types of predatory, such as a badger, a raccoon dog, a small panda, a big panda and kinka, vegetable food is even paramount, if not the only one. Nevertheless, classic predators enter this particular detachment.

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Presentation - Painted Animals

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Predatory animals
Presentation is made to the lesson of biology student 6 A class

Predators who are they?
Predatory beasts (Carnivora), a detachment of mammals. According to modern ideas, includes families of wolf, bearish, raccoon, hyenic, kunih, willer, mangostess, cats, as well as three families united earlier in a detachment detachment: seal, eared talenter of walruses; Total about 270 species. Dissolves all export, there are only visible visible in Russia. The size of the body of adult animals can be from 12 cm with a mass of 50 g (caress) to 3 m and 700 kg (polar bear) and even 6.5 m and 3000 kg (sea elephant). The specific features of the structure of the body and lifestyle are very different from representatives of different systematic and environmental groups. Various types of predatory can maintain ground (most of the species), half impected (some visual, raccoon), semi-water (otter) and water (cailat, seal) lifestyle. Inhabiting a variety of landscapes - from the Arctic deserts to the desert and highly. Most species feed mainly animal food, but among land forms are also found omnivorous and even predominantly vegetative (for example, a big panda). Some species are distributed in very large territories, found in various biotopes, are characterized by a wide food spectrum. Another characteristic of a narrow biotope or food specialization is peculiar. For terrestrial predatory, the monogamy and the birth of underdeveloped and blind young.

Wolf (pie, doggy; canidae), a family of mammalian detachment of predatory animals, includes 11 clans (about 35 species), including grivy wolves, red wolves, sands, raccoon dogs, phenosi (in all in one species), wolves, foxes . Most of the species enters the subfamily of wolf. Always live hundreds of 6-8 animals The main feature of wolf character is "friendliness", the length of an adult wolf from the tip of the nose to the tail is 2 meters. They weigh 43-45 kg. Feel the smell for 1.5 km. Running running per day 65-80 km at a speed of 55-60 km / h eaten in one sitting up to 6 kg of meat, the rest is hiding about the reserve

Cuns, or cunish (lat. Mustelidae) - family of mammals of the detachment of predatory. Are one of the richest types of families. Kuni appeared 40 million years ago their sizes for predators are quite small. Kunov include cunits, minks, widers, badgers, ferrets, and so on. Cuns are able to adapt well to different conditions, so presented in all parts of the world.

Retreat (Procyonidae), a family of mammals of predatory detachment; Includes 8 bodies, 15-21 species. Most of the raccoon - animals of medium size with an elongated flexible body (31-67 cm), long (20-69 cm) tail, in some grateful. Mass from 0.8 to 22 kg. The muzzle is almost all short, pointed, ears standing. Paws with long chain fingers, porous or finger-fitting, sometimes with half-breeding claws. Color varies from gray to bright red-brown. On the face there are often marked, characterized by a ring drawing of the tail. Most species live in South and Central America, one species - in North America, two species - in Asia (Panda). Radies live mainly in tropical, mixed and mountain forests. Some species are immersed in hibernation (raccoon rod). Retrootes are powered by amphibians, fish, rodents, as well as vegetable food (fruit, berries) and insects. They breed once a year, usually born from 2 to 6 young. Some species (raccoon rods) are a commercial object.

Hyaenidae, family of predatory mammals; Includes four types. Hynes are quite large animals: the length of their body is 55-165 cm, the tail is 20-33 cm, the mass is 10-80 kg. They possess a short torso. The head is massive, in most species with mighty jaws. The legs are strong, somewhat curved. The front limbs are longer than the rear. In real hyen on both legs of 4 fingers, from an earthen wolf - 5. Long claws, but stupid, comfortable for digging. Coarse wool, shaggy, on the ridge in the form of a long standing mane. The overall color of the color is dirty, yellowish gray, or brown, with a striped or spotted pattern on the whole body or only on the legs. Hynes are common in Africa, Front, Central and South-West Asia. One species is a striped hyena (body length about 1 m, a tail of about 30 cm) in the Transcaucasia and Central Asia. The smallest view is an earthen wolf (Proteles Cristatus). The length of his body is up to 80 cm, tail up to 30 cm. It is common in Eastern and South Africa. An earthen wolf is not powered, unlike other species, but in the main insects and their larvae (termites), less often with small mammals and birds. An important means of protection is the extraction of anal glands that scare predators. Spotted hyena is the largest representative of the Gien family. The number of hyenas is reduced due to a decrease in wild hoofs whose corpses are mainly powered. Brunnea Buurana (Hyaena Brunnea) and striped hyenas are listed in the International Red Book.

Viverta (ViverRidae), a family of mammalian trades of predatory (Carnivora). Mostly small slender animals with short legs and a long tail; Many V. in appearance are similar to the representatives of the Kunih family. In some there are special glands located near the rear passage and distinguishing the odorless secret - cybetin. 36 (or 37) clans, including about 75 species (the largest family of predatory detachment). Completed in South Asia, Africa (including Madagascar) and South-Western Europe. They lead a terrestrial lifestyle, some dwell on trees. Feed small animals, sometimes fruits and nuts. Main delivery: Genelta (6 species), Viverra (3 species), Binturong (one species), phossa (one species), Inta (8 species), Mungo (one species), African Cywett (CivetTictis, One View), African Palm Coletta (Nandinia, one species) and others. Many V. - Hunting object; Used cybetin used in perfumery and medicine. Some V. contain in captivity also to obtain cybitin.

Tiger (lat. Panthera Tigris) is the type of predatory mammals of catfish families, which refers to the submissions of large cats. Reaches a length of 3.5 meters. Weigh 300 kg. Hungry tiger eats all: deer, bulls, cow, buffaloes, lynx, wolves, fish, locust, snakes, frogs, mice. They live closer to the water, well swim the tigers hunt in the evening. One way of the paws kill the horse.

What is developed?
Perfection of the brain is a high level of nervous activity peculiar to predatory, ensured by the great perfection of the brain. It has well-developed hemispheres with three grooves, numerous convulsions, major olfactory shares. The number of respiratory movements in mammals is depending on the magnitude of the animal, which determines the different intensity of metabolism. It is (in 1 minute): the horse is 8-16, a black bear - 15-25, in the fox -25-40, in the rat - 100-150, at the mouse - about 200. The ventilation of the lungs does not only provide gas exchange, But has the thermoregulation value. With increasing temperature, the number of respiats increases, and at the same time the amount of heat derived from the body increases. So, the dog has the ratio of heat recovery when breathing to the total loss at an air temperature of 8 ° C is (in percent) 14, at 15 ° C-22, at 30 ° - 46. Excellent developed all the organs of predators are well developed. feelings. Especially smelling: it is stronger than human thousands of times. The sense of smell gives predator information about the world more than it, too, acute vision.

Predator birds
Birds are predatory - birds that hunt in flight. They have good vision, large claws and beaks adapted to capture or kill the victim. Painting birds do not constitute a single taxonomic group, but are several taxa combined by common features. Most of the day predatory birds belong to the Falconiformes detachment (calcipitridae) Skopina (Pandionidae) Secretaries (Sagittariidae) Salconidae (Falconidae) to the nightly birds of predatory birds include representatives of the Soviet Council (Strigiformes), which include two families: Sovic (Strigidae) Sipukhov (Tytonidae)

What is characteristic of birds of prey?
a certain set of digestive enzymes necessary for effective digestion of animal food, and appropriate forms of behavior used in the hunting on various animals (birds, mammals, reptile, etc.), a large scale of wings, strongly pointed claws, bevelled beaks, acute vision and good hearing .

Humble (lat. Accipitridae) - Family of falconized birds. They meet on all continents besides Antarctica and some oceanic islands, are most diverse and numerous in the tropics. There are views of cosmopolitans, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich covers several parts of the world, island shapes have a point area. They are found in a wide variety of types of landscapes: forests, tundra, steppes, deserts, in the mountains to a height of 7000 meters above sea level.
Koshun-whistle

Skop (Pandion Haliaetus) The only view of the Sopina family - has a cosmopolitan distribution, meeting near the reservoirs. It lives in Europe and Asia (except TundR, south to Spain, Mediterranean and South China), in North Africa, Australia, North America, on a number of islands in the Pacific. In the northern part of the nesting area of \u200b\u200bthe skill, winters in South Africa, India, Indochita, in the south of North America. In April, it flew into our country in April, when the reservoirs are exempt from ice cover, flies to wintering in September. Skop length 55-60 cm, weight 1.3-1.9 kg.
Osprey

Secretary Bird, or Secretary [(Lat. Sagittarius Serpentarius) - a bird from a falcon-shaped squad, the only type of family of secretaries. Her peculiar name comes from black feathers on the head, reminiscent of goose feathers, who previously loved inserting the judicial secretaries to their wigs.
Bird-secretary

Falconida (Lat. Falconidae) - a family of birds from falconiforms (Falconiformes). Contains 12 genera and about 60 species. These include the smallest birds of prey - dwarf falcons, whose magnitude ranging from 15 to 19 cm.
Caracara

Soviet (lat. Strigidae) - a family of predatory birds belonging to the detachment of the co-formation. The Soviet belongs, for example, eared owls, bassati, plins and Filin. In total, 23 kinds and more than 200 species are counted. Most of the owls hunt solely at night or at dusk. From other predatory birds differ in the absence of goiter, the presence of long blind intestines. Many nations of owls are a symbol of wisdom. Owl has always been depicted along with the ancient Greek goddess of the wisdom of Athena Stalladia and Roman Miner.
Owl

Sipukhovy (lat. Tytonidae) is one of two families of the cognizable. The front drive of the triangular shape, a narrowing book, distinguishes Sipukhov from the present owls. The body is slim, the head is narrow and long. All Sipukhovy are night hunters and eat mostly small mammals, such as mice, earthroopers, as well as small birds, large insects. To avoid sounds when flying, there are special fluff on their feathers, and the feathers themselves have a special structure.
Sipuha

Informational resources
http://ru.wikipedia.org http://www.megabook.ru/article.asp?aid\u003d684593 http://images.yandex.ru/
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