Presentation "The Artistic Culture of Ancient Rome". Executed for the textbook Rapatskaya L.A., World artistic culture, grade 10 (Approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for use in the educational process in educational institutions, complies with the Federal State Educational Standard), M., Vlados, 2014. Contains information about the architecture, sculpture of the Ancient Rome. . . The presentation presents the most famous architectural monuments of Ancient Rome. The presentation is made sequentially and corresponds to the material in the textbook. The topics of individual slides are discussed in detail.
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The Art of Ancient Rome Performed by T.E. Sopina, MHC teacher. G. Kerch, school 26
Ancient Rome I-V centuries. Capitoline wolf, ca. 500-480 BC e. bronze. Height: 75 cm Capitoline Museums, Rome Etruscan bronze sculpture, stylistically dating back to the 5th century BC. and has been kept in Rome since antiquity. Depicts a she-wolf feeding milk to two babies - Romulus and Remus
Caesar's Forum is the first of the imperial forums of Rome. The Roman forum is a square in the center of Ancient Rome along with adjacent buildings. Initially, it housed a market, later it included a comitium (place of public meetings), a curia (place of meetings of the Senate) and also acquired political functions.
Arch as a connection of two worlds The Triumphal Arch of Titus is a single-span arch located on the ancient Sacred Way southeast of the Roman Forum. Built by Domitian shortly after the death of Titus in 81 AD. e. in memory of the capture of Jerusalem in 70 AD. e. Served as a model for many triumphal arches of the New Age.
The Colosseum, Flavian Amphitheater, an architectural monument of Ancient Rome. Construction of the largest amphitheater in the entire ancient world took eight years, as a collective construction of the emperors of the Flavian dynasty: construction began in 72 AD. under Emperor Vespasian, and in 80 AD. The amphitheater was consecrated by Emperor Titus.
The Pantheon is the “temple of all gods” in Rome, a monument of centric-dome architecture. There are no windows in the Pantheon. The only source of light is a 9-meter round hole at the top of the dome, symbolizing the heavenly all-seeing eye
Roman sculptural portrait Roman sculptural portrait is one of the most significant periods in the development of world portraiture, spanning approximately five centuries (1st century BC - 4th century AD), characterized by extraordinary realism and the desire to convey the character of the depicted; in ancient Roman fine art, its quality occupies one of the first places among other genres Glyptothek (collection of busts) in the Archaeological Museum of Bologna
Roman sculptural portrait of Emperor Augustus in the Roman National Museum (Palazzo Massimo).
Roman sculptural portrait Statue of Augustus from Prima Porta. Marble. Last Thursday I century BC e. Rome, Vatican Museums
Basilica of Maxentius-Constantine (306-312) The Basilica of the Roman Forum of Maxentius-Constantine (306-312) was a gigantic three-nave building with an area of 6 thousand square meters. The middle nave, ending in a semicircular apse, was covered with three vaults, which rested on eight pillars and were supported from the outside by buttresses. The outer walls were cut through with tiers of arched openings.
Antiquity, a world of high culture, was the spiritual basis for many generations of Hellenes and Romans. The ancient maxim “Man is the measure of all things” became the source of the development of European civilization. From the end of the 5th century. A new period of European history begins, illuminated by the values of Christianity.
Reign periodOctavian AugustusAncient historians call it the “golden age” of the Roman state. The Emperor is depicted in a calm, majestic pose, his hand raised in an inviting gesture; it was as if he appeared in the garb of a general before his legions. Augustus is depicted with his head uncovered and his legs exposed, which is a tradition in Greek art of representing gods and heroes naked or semi-nude. Augustus's face bears portrait features, but nevertheless is somewhat idealized. The whole figure embodies the idea of the greatness and power of the empire.
Sculpture was created and developed to represent kings and queens in physicalform. The vast majority of ancient Egyptian sculptures are static. Most often, kings and gods are depicted sitting on a throne, or standing, the hands of the figures resting on their knees, or crossed on their chests, their gaze directed straight ahead. This angle created an amazing effect; it seems to the viewer that the statue is looking directly at him, no matter from what angle he looks at the sculpture. The huge eyes of the sculptures also have cult significance. The Egyptians were sure that a person's soul was in his eyes. Therefore, all sculptures were painted very carefully. The most famous Egyptian sculpture is the Great Sphinx. A mythical creature with the head of Pharaoh Khafre and the body of a lioness. A monumental sculpture, the guardian of the pyramids served as a guardian of the peace of the kings in the valley of the pyramids. The majestic pose, the look full of peace and detachment, power and inner strength still make an indelible impression on tourists.
The Greeks achieved the greatest success in this art form. The sculpture is different
perfection of form and idealism.
Clutching the disc in his right hand, the naked youth leaned forward. The hand with the disc is pulled back to the limit. It seems that in a moment the athlete will straighten up and the disc thrown with great force will fly a long distance. The whole body of the young man is permeated with the movement that has captured him. The toes of the right foot, which serves as a support for the body, dug into the ground, tense muscles were sharply outlined, and the arms were bent, like a tight bow. Myron's innovation lay in the fact that he was one of the first masters of Greek art who was able to convey a sense of movement in sculpture. In the “Disco thrower” pose, several successive movements seem to be merged: a swing, an instant stop before the throw and a hint of the throw itself. This pose is not an exact repetition of any one moment in the athlete's movement. The true impression of movement in Myron’s art is formed thanks to the unity of simple and easily perceived gestures that convey various moments of a really moving figure.
The figure of the “Discobolus” conveys enormous internal tension, which is restrained by the external forms of the sculpture, elastic closed lines outlining its silhouette.
"Culture of Ancient Rome" - Statue of Augustus from Prima Porta. Culture of Ancient Rome. Roman forum. The last day of Pompeii. Statue of Augustus in a toga. The Roman Forum is the cradle of Western culture. Reconstruction. The largest and most populated of the cities of antiquity (up to 2 million during the imperial period). K. Bryullov. Temples, bank offices, and trading shops were located here.
“Ancient Roman Art” - Landscape sketches are increasingly found in fresco paintings. Gaius Julius Caesar. Bronze statue of Aulus Metellus from the Florence Museum. The figure of a mature man. Expressive realistic portrait made of marble. In the 4th-5th centuries. the collapse of the Roman Empire occurred. The statue of Marcus Aurelius is a bronze ancient Roman statue.
"Ancient Rome" - The sculptures were cast in lead and gilded. It was possible to go upstairs only from the Forum. It became the latest addition to the architectural complex of the Roman Forum. Construction was carried out over 8 years, in 72-80. n. e. The Capitol was at the same time a fortress, a religious and administrative center.
“Gods of Rome” - 4. Why does God free man? 6. How to acquire freedom? 9. The freedom of Christ makes man capable of enjoying God. The word that gives life! 1. What is freedom? 2. Why is a Christian freed by God? 7. Freedom gives the ability to bear fruit! Free to serve God. A free Christian is bound by the Word of God, knowledge of Truth, growth in Christ, etc.
"Art in Ancient Rome" - Museum of the "Altar of the World". There are seven niches in total. Triumphal or memorial. Even such a lightweight canopy is still very heavy. Emperor Titus. There are five rows of caissons in total. Triumphal Arch of Titus. The arch becomes an integral part of all Roman architecture. Not enough construction experience yet.
“Colosseum” - Spectators entered the amphitheater from under the arches of the lower floor, marked with numbers from I to LXXVI, and climbed to their seats along the stairs, of which there were also 76. The seats for spectators were supported from below by a powerful vaulted structure that contained passage corridors ( itinera), chambers for various purposes and stairs leading to the upper tiers.
Sculpture of Ancient Rome. Sculpture of Ancient Greece.
Ancient Rome sculpture The main advantage of Ancient Roman sculpture is the realism and authenticity of the images. First of all, this is due to the fact that the Romans had a strong cult of ancestors, and from the earliest period of Roman history there was a custom of removing death wax masks, which were later taken by sculpture masters as the basis for sculptural portraits. The very concept of “ancient Roman art” has a very conditional meaning. All Roman sculptors were of Greek origin. In an aesthetic sense, all ancient Roman sculpture is a replica of Greek sculpture. The innovation was the combination of the Greek desire for harmony and Roman rigidity and the cult of strength. The history of ancient Roman sculpture is divided into three parts - Etruscan art, sculpture of the Republic era and imperial art.
Etruscan art Etruscan sculpture was intended to decorate funeral urns. These urns themselves were created in the shape of a human body. Realism of the image was considered necessary to maintain order in the world of spirits and people. The works of ancient Etruscan masters, despite the primitiveness and schematic nature of the images, surprise with the individuality of each image, its character and energy.
Sculpture of the Roman Republic Sculpture from the times of the Republic is characterized by emotional stinginess, detachment and coldness. The impression of complete isolation of the image was created. This is due to the exact reproduction of the death mask when creating the sculpture. The situation was somewhat corrected by Greek aesthetics, the canons by which the proportions of the human body were calculated. Numerous reliefs of triumphal columns and temples that date back to this period amaze with their grace of lines and realism. Particularly worth mentioning is the bronze sculpture of the "Roman She-Wolf". The fundamental legend of Rome, the material embodiment of Roman ideology - this is the meaning of this statue in culture. The primitivization of the plot, incorrect proportions, and fantastic nature do not in the least prevent one from admiring the dynamics of this work, its special sharpness and temperament. But the main achievement in the sculpture of this era is the realistic sculptural portrait. Unlike Greece, where when creating a portrait, the master one way or another subordinated all the individual features of the model to the laws of harmony and beauty, Roman masters carefully copied all the subtleties of the models’ appearance. On the other hand, this often led to simplified images, rough lines and a distance from realism.
Roman Empire Sculpture
- The task of the art of any empire is to exalt the emperor and the power. Rome - not an exception. The Romans of the imperial era could not imagine their home without sculptures of ancestors, gods and the emperor himself. Therefore, many examples of imperial plastic art have survived to this day. First of all, the triumphal columns of Trajan and Marcus Aurelius deserve attention. The columns are decorated with bas-reliefs telling about military campaigns, exploits and trophies. Such reliefs are not only works of art, striking in the accuracy of their images, multi-figure composition, harmonious lines and subtlety of work, they are also an invaluable historical source that allows us to restore everyday and military details of the imperial era. The statues of emperors in the forums of Rome are made in a harsh, rough manner. There is no longer a trace of that Greek harmony and beauty that was characteristic of early Roman art. The masters, first of all, had to portray strong and tough rulers. There was also a departure from realism. Roman emperors were depicted as athletically built and tall, despite the fact that rarely any of them had a harmonious physique. Almost always during the Roman Empire, sculptures of gods were depicted with the faces of the ruling emperors, so historians know for sure what the emperors of the largest ancient state looked like. Despite the fact that Roman art, without any doubt, entered the world treasury of many masterpieces, in its essence it is only a continuation of ancient Greek. The Romans developed ancient art, made it more magnificent, more majestic, brighter. On the other hand, it was the Romans who lost the sense of proportion, depth and ideological content of early ancient art.
Ancient Greece sculpture . The art of Ancient Greece became the support and foundation on which the entire European civilization grew. The sculpture of Ancient Greece is a special topic. Without ancient sculpture there would be no brilliant masterpieces of the Renaissance, and the further development of this art is difficult to imagine. In the history of the development of Greek ancient sculpture, three large stages can be distinguished: archaic, classical and Hellenistic. Each one has something important and special. Let's look at each of them.
Archaic This period includes sculptures created from the 7th century BC to the beginning of the 5th century BC. The era gave us figures of naked young warriors (kuros), as well as many female figures in clothes (koras). Archaic sculptures are characterized by some sketchiness and disproportion. On the other hand, each work of the sculptor is attractive for its simplicity and restrained emotionality. The figures of this era are characterized by a half-smile, which gives the works some mystery and depth.
"Goddess with Pomegranate", which is kept in the Berlin State Museum, is one of the best preserved archaic sculptures. Despite the external roughness and “wrong” proportions, the viewer’s attention is drawn to the hands of the sculpture, executed brilliantly by the author. The expressive gesture of the sculpture makes it dynamic and especially expressive. "Kouros from Piraeus", which adorns the collection of the Athens Museum, is a later, and therefore more advanced, work of the ancient sculptor. Before the viewer is a powerful young warrior. A slight tilt of the head and hand gestures indicate a peaceful conversation that the hero is having. The disturbed proportions are no longer so striking. And the facial features are not as generalized as in early sculptures of the archaic period.
Classic
- Most people associate sculptures of this particular era with ancient plastic art. In the classical era, such famous sculptures as Athena Parthenos, Olympian Zeus, Discobolus, Doryphorus and many others were created. History has preserved for posterity the names of outstanding sculptors of the era: Polykleitos, Phidias, Myron, Scopas, Praxiteles and many others. The masterpieces of classical Greece are distinguished by harmony, ideal proportions (which indicates excellent knowledge of human anatomy), as well as internal content and dynamics .
- It is the classical period that is characterized by the appearance of the first nude female figures (the Wounded Amazon, Aphrodite of Cnidus), which give an idea of the ideal of female beauty in the heyday of antiquity.
Hellenism
- Late Greek antiquity is characterized by a strong Eastern influence on all art in general and on sculpture in particular. Complex angles, exquisite draperies, and numerous details appear. Oriental emotionality and temperament penetrates the calm and majesty of the classics. Aphrodite of Cyrene, decorating the Roman Museum of Baths, is full of sensuality, even some coquetry.
- The most famous sculptural composition of the Hellenistic era is Laocoon and his sons of Agesander of Rhodes (the masterpiece is kept in one of Vatican Museums ). The composition is full of drama, the plot itself suggests strong emotions. Desperately resisting the snakes sent by Athena, the hero himself and his sons seem to understand that their fate is terrible. The sculpture is made with extraordinary precision. The figures are plastic and real. The faces of the characters make a strong impression on the viewer.
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