Slide 2
Slide 3
1. During the war, Latin America becomes a source of goods to warring Europe, which boosted its economy. Product output in 1958 exceeded the pre-war level by 3 times. National reformist parties played an important role in this in the 40s and 50s. These were often populist parties and movements, such as Peronism in Argentina. Argentine dictator General Juan Peron. 1946-1955 1973-1974 Rally in Buenos Aires in support of Eva and Juan Peron.
Slide 4
1. The Peron government nationalized foreign property, created a public sector in the economy, adopted labor legislation, and improved the situation of workers. His wife Eva Peron also gains enormous influence in the country. For all the advantages of the Peron regime, it was an ordinary junta, characteristic of Latin America. Evita Peron. 1919-1952 The coffin with Evita's body made of crystal in Buenos Aires.
Slide 5
Funeral of Evita Peron in 1952. Celebration in honor of the overthrow of Peron in 1955.
Slide 6
2. A similar course was pursued by the governments of Mexico and Brazil during the presidency of J. Vargas /1951-1954/. Elsewhere in L.A. Power gives way to revolutions. Revolutions literally migrate with their leaders from one country to another. After the Cuban revolution of 1959, revolutionaries led by E. Che Guevara take place in Bolivia and Venezuela. J. Vargas, President of Brazil 1951-1954.
Slide 7
F. Castro, leader of the Cuban revolution. 1959-2008 Contemporary photo of F. Castro. Che Guevara
Slide 8
1973
Military coup in Chile.
Slide 9
Augusto Pinochet
Chilean dictator from 1974-1989.
Slide 10
3. In the second half of the twentieth century, Latin American countries switched to the accumulation of capital from foreign investment. Thanks to the reforms, by 1980 GDP exceeded the 1960 level by 3.5 times. Free trade areas such as NAFTA were created, and in 2005 the Pan American Free Trade Area was created. Rio de Janeiro
Slide 11
3. The policies of the juntas led to their hostility by society by the end of the twentieth century. Military regimes were overthrown in 1983 in Brazil and Uruguay, 1989 in Paraguay, and in 1990 the Pinochet regime in Chile was overthrown. Dictator of Chile Augusto Pinochet, 1973-1990 /1998/.
Slide 12
3. Destructive violent forms of political struggle, so characteristic of Latin American history, began to be replaced by constructive, democratic ones. For the first time in history, by the end of the twentieth century. Latin America is developing without dictatorships or revolutions. Hugo Chavez, President of Bolivia since 1998
Slide 13
GLOBAL PROBLEMS
Problems affecting the whole world, on the solution of which social progress and the preservation of civilization depend. FOOD ECOLOGICAL DEMOGRAPHIC TERRORISM WAR AND PEACE ENERGY BACKGROUND RAW MATERIALS
Slide 14
Plan: National reformism and modernization. Military juntas. Latin America at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. Fill out the table!!! What problems did Latin American countries face in the 20th century?
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Page 255Questions 1 – 5
Exercise 1
They gained national independence in the 19th century.
After World War II – economic
rise due to military immigration
criminals and capital from Europe
National dependence on the USA
The basis of the economy is the development of export
agricultural and raw materials economy (Cuba - sugar, Chile copper and saltpeter, Brazil - coffee, etc.)
Agriculture is dominated by large
land holdings
Latin American countries after World War II
Urbanization through social programs is notinfluences the development of industry (?)
Low standard of living for most
population
Religiosity. Latin Americans - half
Catholics of the world
Instability of political life -
coups d'etat, military regimes,
extremist groups, influence
drug mafia, partisan movement
Latin American countries in the 1950s and 60s.
Agrarian revolutions:– land is redistributed taking into account interests
peasants
- foreign agricultural enterprises were nationalized
companies
growth of the revolutionary movement:
1955 - overthrow of the military regime in Argentina
1958 - revolution in Cuba
1962 – revolution in Bolivia
Latin American countries in the 1970-80s.
growth of the revolutionary movement:1978 – civil war in Nicaragua
1979 - communist coup in Granada
1980 – civil war in El Salvador
Reforms in Mexico, Guatemala, Peru, Panama,
Ecuador, Chile:
- Carrying out industrialization
- Nationalization of the mining industry
- Development of tourism
Latin American countries in the 1980s.
in Latin American countries are approved-
democratic regimes. 1980 - Peru, 1982 - Bolivia, 1983 - Argentina, 1985 - Brazil,
Guatemala, Honduras, Uruguay, 1989 - El Salvador and
Paraguay, 1990 - Chile, and by 1992 in all others,
except Cuba
participation in the international division of labor
solving the problem of public finances through
public sector privatization
the economy is socially oriented
external debt decreases
Brazil, Argentina, Mexico moved closer to the group
industrialized countries.
International organizations of developing countries
Page 255 task 2Find these on the Internet
international organizations and indicate:
- Creation date
- Full name and abbreviation
- Purposes of creation
The hostilities of the First World War did not affect the countries of Latin America. But it nevertheless had important consequences for the region. The growing demand of the warring countries for food and raw materials led to higher prices and an increase in Latin America's income from traditional exports. The development of industry accelerated, the position of local entrepreneurs strengthened, and the number of the working class grew. All this weakened the role of the latifundists, who still owned almost all the land. As a result, for the first time in the history of Latin America, the prerequisites arose for a real limitation of the omnipotence of the latifundists and the satisfaction of the age-old aspirations of local peasants for land.
The most developed countries in the region were Argentina, Uruguay and Chile, which took the path of capitalism earlier than others. This group also includes Brazil and Mexico, whose development in the post-war years was characterized by great dynamism. They were later joined by Venezuela and Colombia. The second group consisted of Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and small states of Central America and the Caribbean. Their manufacturing industry was less developed, agriculture predominated, and pre-capitalist remnants were more noticeable. The political situation in the region in the post-war period was characterized by instability, a large burden of violence, and the fragility of constitutional, democratic forms of government, and party-political structures. National-patriotic feelings and the desire to find their own paths of development for Latin American nations intensified in various circles of society. On this basis, mass national reformist parties and movements showed particular activity.
Cuban Revolution. 1959 Revolutionary actions. On January 1, 1959, the dictatorship was overthrown in Cuba and the revolution was victorious. The revolutionary government was headed by F. Castro. Revolutionary transformations began on the island, a decisive break in the economic and social foundations of society in favor of the poorest segments of the population. The Cuban government nationalized the property of American companies and established cooperation with the Soviet Union.
After World War II, the economic situation in Latin American countries was favorable for reforms: they had solid foreign exchange savings, and their share in world trade increased. These factors were used by Latin American governments to achieve industrialization. The reforms were carried out under moderate nationalist slogans, which enjoyed some support from the population. This contributed to the formation of popular but authoritarian regimes in these countries. An example of this is the presidency of Juan Domingo Perón in Argentina (1946 -1955 and 1973 -1974; in 1949 -1955 he was a de facto dictator).
The desire of Latin American governments to break out of economic backwardness and take the path of stable economic development has given impetus to economic integration, which is developing at the subregional and regional levels. Economic integration includes means for block liberalization of mutual trade and investment regimes; the formation of common currency areas, coordination and unification of domestic trade; carrying out a collective foreign economic policy with the aim of creating free trade zones on the continent and its subsequent transformation into a common market.
Latin America in the second half Latin America in the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries. During the war, Latin America became a source of goods to warring Europe, which boosted its economy. Product output in 1958 exceeded the pre-war level by 3 times. National reformist parties played an important role in this in the 40s and 50s. These were often populist parties and movements, such as Peronism in Argentina. February 1946 was elected president. 1. Nationalization of foreign property 2. Economic development plans were adopted 3. Labor legislation was adopted 4. The situation of workers was improved.
Juan Peron
1973-1974 Rally in Buenos Aires in support of Eva and Juan Peron. National reformism and modernization Import-substitution industrialization is a policy of encouraging the production of those goods and products that were previously imported into the country. Mexico's national reformist path Features of the democratic regime:
- Strong presidential power
- Policy of concessions to the labor movement
- Agrarian reform Conclusion: The growth of economic ties led Mexico to participate in the integration system of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
- Target: characterize the development of Latin American countries in the post-war period, show the struggle of democratic and anti-democratic forces, reveal the features of the development of the leading countries in the region, characterize US policy in Latin America; consolidate the skills of analysis and resistance to historical material, the ability to consider historical phenomena in specific historical conditions; cultivate a sense of respect for the history of other states and peoples.
- Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile.
- Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador.
- Venezuela, Guyana, Guiana, Suriname.
- Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico.
- Cuba and the West Indies.
- Costa Rica, Colombia, Nicaragua, Panama.
date
Events
Creation of the OAS
F. Castro's rise to power in Cuba
Overthrow of President S. Allende in Chile, establishment of the military dictatorship of General A. Pinochet
Sandinista victory in guerrilla warfare in Nicaragua
Establishment of democratic regimes in Latin American countries
Latifundism
- development of agriculture and raw materials for export;
- latifundism;
- urbanization;
- low standard of living for the majority of the population;
- region of political instability and contradictions;
- uneven development of countries in the region;
- 90% of the population are Catholics.
During war, Latin America becomes source of goods to warring Europe, which boosted its economy. Output in 1958 exceeded the pre-war level by 3 times . Played an important role in this national reformist parties in the 40-50s. These were often populist parties and movements, such as Peronism in Argentina.
Argentine dictator General Juan Peron. 1946-1955 1973-1974
Rally in Buenos Aires in support of Eva and Juan Peron.
Perón government carried out the nationalization of foreign property, created a public sector in the economy, adopted labor legislation, improved the situation of workers . His wife also gains enormous influence in the country. Eva Peron . With all the advantages of the Peron regime, it was an ordinary junta , characteristic of Latin America.
The coffin with Evita's body made of crystal in Buenos Aires.
Evita Peron. 1919-1952
Celebration of the overthrow of Peron in 1955
Funeral of Evita Peron in 1952
Anastasio Somoza(1925 - 1980) - President of Nicaragua in 1967-1972, and in 1972-1979. He was the de facto head of the country from 1967 to 1979. He was the last ruler from Somoza family "dynasty" which has ruled Nicaragua since 1936.
Like his father and brother, A. Somoza continued to rule the country, relying on American military and economic assistance, the aristocracy and a well-armed and trained 12,000-strong guard, the officer corps of which was a closed and privileged caste.
A similar course was pursued by the governments of Mexico and Brazil during the presidency J. Vargas /1951-1954 Elsewhere in L.A. Power gives way to revolutions. Revolutions literally migrate together with leaders from one country to another. After Cuban revolution 1959 . revolutions follow in Bolivia and Venezuela.
J. Vargas, President of Brazil 1951-1954.
F. Castro, leader of the Cuban revolution.
Contemporary photo of F. Castro.
Che Guevara
In the second half of the twentieth century, Latin American countries moved to accumulation of capital from foreign investment . Thanks to reforms, by 1980 GDP exceeded the 1960 level in 3.5 times . Free trade zones were created such as NAPHTHA , established in 2005 Pan American Free Trade Area.
Rio de Janeiro
The policies of the juntas led to their hostility by society by the end of the twentieth century. Military regimes were overthrown in 1983 in Brazil and Uruguay, 1989 in Paraguay, in 1990 the Pinochet regime in Chile was overthrown.
Dictator of Chile Augusto Pinochet, 1973-1990 /1998/.
Destructive violent forms of political struggle, so characteristic of Latin American history, began to be replaced by constructive, democratic ones. For the first time in history, by the end of the twentieth century. Latin America is developing without dictatorships or revolutions.
President of Venezuela
Hugo Chavez
International organizations
1948-OAS
1959- Inter-American Development Bank
1960- Latin American Association
free trade, which in 1980
converted to LAI
1975- Latin American
economic system
1991- MERCOSUR
1992- NAFTA
Ukrainian diaspora:
Brazil - 450 thousand people;
Argentina - 250 thousand people;
Paraguay - 12 thousand people;
Uruguay - 10 thousand people;
Venezuela - 2 thousand people.
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