The story of the school bell. When did the tradition of celebrating last bell day begin? Criticism and refusal to call

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

"Eurasia: education of the future"

International competition of research works and projects for schoolchildren

"Debut in Science"

PROJECT "SCHOOL BELLS"

Supervisors: Selezneva E.G., Matveeva A.V. primary school teacher MAOU "Gymnasium No. 31", Perm, Lenskikh N.N. head theoretical department of MAOU DOD "DSHI No. 13", Perm

Participant: Vladislav Ilshatovich Khaliullin, 4th grade student of MAOU "Gymnasium No. 31", Perm

Perm, Russian Federation

Introduction

Part 1. School bell

1.1 The effect of the school bell on the human body

1.2 Australian experience

1.3 Music therapy

1.4 School bell

1.5 Bell ringing

Part 2. School bells are harmful to health

2.1 Negative effects of the school bell on the human body

2.2 Irritability

2.3 Replacing the school bell

Conclusion

Bibliography

Application

Introduction

For the first time, the school doors open for every first-grader on September 1 with a school bell. The bell calls students to a wonderful event in the life of every person - studying at school. But the holiday is over, everyday life begins, and it is not a joyful bell that calls you to study, but a loud and sharp bell, the sound of which irritates your ears, the sound of which makes you flinch, you want to cover your ears with your hands and run away from it. But he catches up with you again and again, after every lesson, day after day.

It is known that the safe noise level for humans is 40 dB. The sound of a school bell is 100 dB. This is more than double the safe level and is comparable to the sound of a passing train. The school bell is just one component of school noise, to which is added screaming and running around during breaks, and noise from the street. Noise pollution ranks second in terms of harmful effects on the human body after chemical pollution of the environment. Doctors say that noise makes a person angry. Evil people are always in a bad mood, which affects not only themselves, but also those around them. They get sick from constant irritation. In modern medicine, the diagnosis “Chronic embitterment” has appeared.

Project goal: replace the school bell.

1. Prove the harmful effects of the school bell on the human body.

2. Study information about the school bell, bell ringing, musical bells.

3. Observation of students, teachers and young musicians.

4. Develop questions and conduct a survey “How does the school bell affect you?” before and after the introduction of a new call.

5. Testing “Does it annoy you?” among students, teachers, young musicians before and after the introduction of a new bell.

6. Formulate conclusions based on the results of the survey and testing.

7. Listen to bell ringing, musical works with bell ringing.

8. Study the influence of school noise, bell ringing, and musical bells experimentally.

9. Visit the international bell ringing festival in the city of Usolye, Perm Territory.

10. Develop proposals to eliminate the problem.

11. Carry out activities at school to eliminate the problem: speak in class, at the V regional scientific and practical conference “My first step into science.”

12. Interview the director of the gymnasium about the financial costs of replacing the school bell.

13. Compare the results before and after replacing the bell and draw conclusions.

14. Take part in the All-Russian competition of research works “Young Researcher” in order to receive an expert assessment.

The object of research is the human body.

The subject is a school bell, bell ringing, melodies with bells.

The work is a theoretical and practical study. Its significance lies in the fact that it proves the adverse effect of the school bell on the health of people at school. The practical value of the work is that, using the example of our gymnasium, it was proven that after replacing the bell, all students and teachers had a decrease in the negative impact of the bell and a decrease in irritability.

To write the work, various sources of information were used: encyclopedic dictionaries, television programs, the Internet, literary works, classical music, bell ringing.

Part 1. School bell

1. 1 School influencewow call on the human body

Every year, a bell in the hands of a first-grader sitting on the shoulder of a high school student opens the school doors and calls students to study. But the holiday is over, everyday life begins, and it is not a joyful bell that calls you to study, but a loud and sharp ringing. His sound is so annoying that you shudder, cover your ears with your hands and want to run away from him. But he catches up with you again and again, day after day.

It is known that the safe noise level for humans is 40 dB. The sound of a school bell is 100 dB. This proves that the safe level is exceeded by two and a half times. The school bell is just one component of school noise, to which is added screaming and running around during breaks, and noise from the street. Noise pollution ranks second in terms of harmful effects on the human body after chemical pollution of the environment. Doctors say that noise makes a person angry. Evil people are always in a bad mood, which affects not only themselves, but also those around them. They get sick from constant irritation. In modern medicine, the diagnosis “Chronic embitterment” has appeared.

A call is a sound. Sound is vibrations that affect the entire surrounding space. According to the Swiss scientist Hans Jenny and the Japanese scientist Emoto Masaru, who claim that the droplet, vibrating under the influence of sound, takes the shape of a three-dimensional star or a double tetrahedron in circles. The higher the vibration frequency, the more complex the forms. But, as soon as the sound subsides, the most beautiful formations again become shaped like a drop of water (illustration No. 1 of the appendix).

The structure of water copies the information field in which it is located, and the human body consists of 90% water. Therefore, if a person, consisting of 90% water, is under the influence of “correct” music, the vibration frequency of which coincides with the vibration of his body, then such a person will not be afraid of any diseases.

1. 2 Australian experience

Having studied Internet resources, it became known that the school bell irritates not only my hearing, but also the hearing of schoolchildren at an Australian school in Mattersburg. The school management came to the conclusion that it is especially difficult for primary school students, who are scared out of habit. Accustomed to a soft home environment, children experience stress during the school year, and this can negatively affect the further formation of the psyche. The teachers of this school believe that children should not be subjected to unnecessary stress and have found a solution to this problem by replacing the bell with “soft music”, which, from the point of view of psychologists, creates a pleasant mood and increases productivity. Now, two minutes before the end of the lesson, a gentle melody begins to sound quietly in the classroom, which sets the students and teacher up to complete the lesson. It gets louder and when it ends, the lesson comes to an end. Students have time to answer teachers' questions, and teachers themselves, who often forget about time, can calmly complete the lesson. No one jumps up at the sharp sound, and the students are in no hurry to collect their things. School principal Johanna Schwartz rejoices at the new bell: “Before, children jumped up from their seats and rushed headlong to recess, knocking each other over as they went. It was an extra headache for teachers and stress for students, but now everything has changed for the better.” In my opinion, this is a very good solution to the problem and, as a young musician, it is close to my heart. But there is a problem in choosing melodies, since different people like different music.

1. 3 Music therapy

Music has always healed humanity. Back in the 3rd century. BC. specially selected melodies were used to heal melancholy, nervous disorders and heart pain. In the 90s of the twentieth century. The concept of “music therapy” appeared - a method based on the healing effect of music on a person’s psychological state. Many researchers believe that the healing factor of music is rhythm. Every organ of the human body vibrates and this vibration may or may not coincide with the vibrations of some musical instruments. There is scientific evidence that when an organ is diseased, its rhythm changes. But if you manage to choose the right music to match the rhythm of the diseased organ with the instrument, then after some time the rhythm can be restored. In a study of music written by various composers, French otolaryngologist Alfred Tomatis found that Mozart's music contains the most high-frequency sounds that recharge and activate the brain. Most works by Mozart, Vivaldi, and Bach have an ideal rhythm of 60 beats per minute, which corresponds to a natural, healthy heartbeat. Classical music performed by an orchestra has a harmonious effect on the entire body.

Cheffield University professor Katie Overy articulated the benefits of music:

Improving the level of reading skills;

Improving the level of speech skills;

Improving the skills needed to solve spatial and temporal problems;

Improving verbal and counting and arithmetic abilities;

Improved concentration;

Memory improvement;

Improved motor coordination.

There are musical recipes for all occasions:

To activate brain activity - Chopin “Mazurka”, Strauss “Waltz”, Mozart “I and III movements from piano sonatas”, “Rondo”, waltzes from Tchaikovsky’s ballets, “On Troika”, “Spring” from Vivaldi’s “The Four Seasons”, marches, etc.

To calm down - Beethoven "Symphony No. 6" part 2, Schubert "Ave Maria", Brahms "Lullaby", Chopin "Nocturne in G minor", Debussy "Light of the Moon", Mozart "Little Night Serenade" part 2, "Winter" from “The Seasons” by Vivaldi, the duet of Lisa and Polina from Tchaikovsky’s opera “The Queen of Spades”, etc.

To cure a headache - Khachaturian “Masquerade Suite”, Mozart “Don Giovanni”, Liszt “Hungarian Rhapsody No. 1”, Beethoven “Fidelio”, Oginsky’s polonaise, etc.

Get rid of insomnia - Sibelius “Sad Waltz”, plays by Tchaikovsky, Grieg “Peer Gynt”, etc.

To reduce anger - Bach “Italian Concerto”, Haydn “Symphony”.

Musicologists have proposed a means of mitigating noise: skillfully and correctly selected music affects work efficiency.

Conclusion: replacing the school bell with melodies from classical music will not only have a beneficial effect on the body, but will also increase work efficiency. During the lessons, everyone is working and tired, so the ringtone from the lesson should be soothing, and, better, if the sound is increasing. During recess, everyone is awake and preparing for the lesson, so we need a melody that activates the brain. While studying at a children's art school and constantly listening to classical music, I decided that the melody of “Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy” from the ballet “The Nutcracker” by P.I. Tchaikovsky, which starts quietly and slowly, and then builds up, is suitable as a bell from a lesson. And the famous melody of Christmas bells, which always evokes a joyful mood in everyone, will call you to class.

1.4 School bell

According to historians, the first school bell was made of glass. The ancient Greek philosopher and teacher Plato used it to gather his students for lessons. It consisted of two vessels: one empty, the other with water. It was called clepsydra. Plato's idea was that the sound of such a bell would be piercing and wake up students early in the morning for classes.

Before the advent of the electric bell, all educational institutions in the world used a copper bell. The ringing of bells came to school because the first schools were parish schools, and the signal about the beginning and end of the lesson was given by the church bell. In addition to invigorating the mood, ringing bells can relieve illness and nervous tension. Even the sound of a small school bell has healing vibrations. The bell is the most powerful instrument of music therapy.

Sound intensity is measured in decibels (dB). "Bell" in English means "bell", and "deci" means ten. It turns out that one decibel is equal to the sound of ten bells.

1.5 Bell ringing

Sound is energy.

Sounding bells, in addition to frequencies audible to the human ear, emit ultra- and infrasound waves.

Back in the early 70s of the 20th century, Swedish scientists were the first in the world to discover that the sounds of a bell literally kill pathogenic viruses (in particular, typhoid, hepatitis and influenza pathogens) in just a matter of seconds. It is not for nothing that during epidemics for many centuries in Europe and Rus' there was a rule - to ring all the bells.

Modern domestic physicists A. Okharin and V. Isakov, having studied the characteristics of sound waves emanating from sounding bells and their impact on the surrounding space, came to the conclusion that the sounds of a bell have a rejuvenating effect on the human body. It is known that bell ringers do not suffer from colds. Bell ringing is used in Russia and the USA in the treatment of cancer - bell therapy. The secret is that bells “emit” sounds of very high frequencies in abundance, in moderate doses, which can work wonders.

“The bell emits a huge amount of resonant ultrasonic radiation, which spiritually and physically cleanses space,” said the Russian scientist Fotiy Yakovlevich Shipunov, who was one of the leaders of the Institute of the Biosphere of the USSR Academy of Sciences.”

Ultrasound has a relaxing effect on the human body, while infrasound causes states of tension, fear, and anxiety.

It should be noted that an audio recording of bell ringing does not have the same healing properties as live sound, but it also relieves nervous tension.

To listen to the bell ringing, on June 15, 2013, my family and I visited the VII International Bell Ringing Festival in the city of Usolye, Perm Territory. After the bell ringing at the festival, I agree with Professor S.V. Smolensky, who said that the ringing of bells represented “loudest confusion.” Most bell ringers ring at random. They need not only the desire to ring bells, but also an ear for music in order to get music from the bell orchestra. The famous bell ringing theorist K.K. Sarajev dreamed of performing musical, not church bell ringing.

Part2. School bells are bad for your health.

2. 1 Negative effects of the school bell on the human body

The influence of the bell on the human body has been studied in two ways: theoretical and practical. For theoretical research, five characteristics of the influence of a call were selected: pleasing, amusing, frightening, annoying, and unpleasant. These characteristics were proposed to different respondents: 27 classmates, 15 primary school teachers, 24 young musicians - students of children's art school No. 13 in Perm - children with a keen ear for music. The survey among respondents was carried out three times: at the beginning of the school year on September 3, 2012, when everyone was rested after a long summer holiday, in a festive mood from the beginning of the school year, and without fatigue from studying. The second time - at the end of the first half of the year on December 25, 2012, when I was in a pre-New Year mood and fatigue had accumulated after four months of studying. And for the third time - at the end of the school year on May 17, 2013, when I was in a pre-holiday mood from the upcoming summer holidays and very tired from studying for the school year. A survey at the end of the school year with a new musical bell was carried out among classmates and teachers of gymnasium No. 31 in Perm and young musicians who were not students of the gymnasium.

The results of the survey (Table No. 1 of the Appendix) show that at the beginning of the year, more classmates (29%) than young musicians (13%) and teachers (10%) are happy with the school bell. 11% of classmates, 10% of teachers and not a single musician are having fun. Scares 14% of classmates, 13% of musicians and not a single teacher. More teachers (40%) are annoyed by the call than classmates (25%) and musicians (20%). It has an unpleasant effect on 54% of young musicians, 40% of teachers and 21% of classmates. If we visually depict the results obtained in a diagram, then all respondents have negative characteristics: frightening, annoying and unpleasant, prevail over positive ones: pleasing and amusing. (diagram no. 1 of the appendix).

From this it follows that the school bell already at the beginning of the school year, when there is no fatigue from study and work, has an unfavorable effect on students (60%), teachers (80%) and young musicians (87%).

By the end of the first half of the year, the number of classmates who were pleased by the call decreased by 5%, amused by 7%, and annoyed by 1%. The number of classmates who are frightened by the bell has increased by 2%, and unpleasantly by 11% (Appendix Table No. 2). Comparing the results of classmates for half a year, we can conclude that by the end of the first half of the year, the positive characteristics of influence decreased, and the negative ones increased (comparative diagram No. 2 of the appendix).

For objective reasons, it was not possible to conduct a survey at the end of the first half of the year among teachers and young musicians.

Based on the theoretical data obtained, we can conclude: the school bell has an adverse effect on the human body. Throughout the school year, the negative impact increases.

school bell irritability harmfulness

2.2 Irritability

The adverse effect of the school bell increases irritability. In order to find out about the irritability of people who are constantly at school, testing was carried out at the beginning of the school year on September 3, 2012, and at the end of the first half of the year on December 25, 2012. The same respondents took part in the testing. The test (application) determines three degrees of irritability: highly irritated, who are irritated by everything, even minor things. They are quick-tempered and lose their temper easily. And this weakens the nervous system, causing those around us to suffer. The moderately irritated, who are irritated only by unpleasant things and do not make a drama out of ordinary adversity. And very balanced. The results of the degree of irritability at the beginning of the school year (Table No. 3) show that at the beginning of the school year teachers (7%) are more irritable than classmates (4%) and young musicians (4%).

At the end of the first half of the year, testing was carried out only among classmates. The results showed (diagram no. 3 of the appendix) that the number of highly irritated ones remained the same, and the number of balanced ones decreased by 17%.

Conclusion: at the beginning of the school year, teachers are more irritable than classmates and young musicians. By the end of the first half of the year, irritation among classmates increases due to a decrease in the number of balanced ones.

2.3 Replacing the school bell

The school bell has an adverse effect on the human body. And according to the results of the survey (diagram No. 4 of the appendix), the majority (47%) of respondents were in favor of replacing the school bell with the sound of a bell.

The school bell has a negative effect on the body, while the bell has a positive effect. Therefore, several options have been proposed to solve this problem:

The first option is to act like Plato and use a glass bell. Empirically, I tried to repeat Plato’s invention (photo No. 1 of the application).

To do this, you need two glass vessels: one large, the other smaller. First, pour water into a smaller vessel and place it in a larger one, knocking, the sound is loud. Then pour water into the large one and put the small empty one in the water, the sound turned out to be dull. I assume that Plato used the same method. It is simple, safe, economical and can ring a bell in the classroom today. However, for a modern school with many classrooms and floors, it has a number of disadvantages: water can spill and wet the papers on the table, and, in addition, the teacher must constantly mark the time for the lesson and recess, and, if there is more than one teacher in the school, then The timing may not be right and it will turn out to be a mess. It can be used in a school with one class.

The second option: contact the director of the gymnasium with a request to purchase a bell for each class, preferably a Valdai one, and the teacher will ring them at the end and beginning of the lesson. Bell ringing produces not only audible high and low sounds, but also invisible ultra- and infrasound, which can kill viruses and bacteria. This option has a huge advantage, since during periods of mass viral infections, schools will not have to be quarantined. But it also has the disadvantages of inconvenience for the teacher to constantly monitor the time. You can purchase one large bell, appoint a special bell ringer who will walk along the corridor and ring, but the bell ringer’s journey along the corridor will take longer than the break lasts.

Third option: combine music with bell ringing and play it instead of a bell. This technique is used in music therapy to relieve irritability and mental stress in children. Despite the fact that an audio recording of bell ringing does not have healing properties like live sound, even it relieves mental stress.

For our gymnasium, I chose the third option and turned to the director Lyudmila Vladislavovna Serikova on March 10, 2013 with a request to replace the bell with melodies with bells: at the end of the lesson “Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy” from the ballet “The Nutcracker” by P.I. Tchaikovsky, for the lesson - Christmas bells.

In addition, he suggested that the director include classical music during breaks in the following order: at the beginning of classes - cheerful, Khachaturian's "Masquerade Suite", Sviridov's "Blizzard", Mozart's "Don Juan", etc., in the middle - calm, Beethoven's "Symphony No. 6" part 2, Schubert "Ave Maria" and others, at the end - smooth, Strauss "Waltz", Chopin "Mazurka".

The director supported my option and since April 1, 2013, the bell in our gymnasium has been ringing with Christmas bells and the music of the “Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy.” In addition, during one recess, Chopin's "Spring Waltz" was played.

On November 15, 2013, I interviewed the director of the gymnasium L.V. Serikova (photo No. 2 of the attachment) in order to find out about the amount of money that the gymnasium spent on replacing the bell. Costs amounted to 325,000 rubles. (Questions and answers in the appendix).

At the end of the school year on May 17, 2013, testing was conducted on the same questions as at the beginning of the year to obtain results on the degree of irritability after replacing the bell with bell melodies. As well as a survey about the impact of a new call on the body. Testing and questioning were carried out among classmates and teachers of our gymnasium and young musicians who do not study at our gymnasium. The results are amazing. It turned out that in less than two months there were no more highly irritated classmates and teachers, but the number of highly irritated young musicians increased by 3% compared to the beginning of the school year. The number of moderately irritated teachers decreased by 5%. Among young musicians who are not students of our gymnasium, the number of those who were moderately irritated decreased by 11%, while among classmates it increased by 4%. The number of balanced people increased for everyone: among classmates by 4%, among teachers by 12% and young musicians by 8% compared to the beginning of the year (Appendix Table No. 4).

Interesting results were obtained on the effect of the bell on the body. The number of classmates and teachers of our gymnasium, where the bell was replaced by melodies, and the number of young musicians in whose schools the old bell rang, and whom the bell made happy and amused, increased significantly, and the number of all respondents who were irritated, frightened and unpleasant by the bell, decreased significantly ( Table No. 5 of the Appendix).

Based on these results, we can conclude that listening to classical music and playing music relieves irritability and has a beneficial effect on the human body.

The results of a survey conducted among classmates and teachers at our gymnasium showed that the number of classmates in favor of returning the old bell and leaving the new bell was the same (42%). Teachers are happy about the new call (75%).

The results of the survey on preferences for melodies showed that the majority (91%) liked the melody of Christmas bells.

Opinions about the influence of Chopin's melody "Spring Waltz" at recess vary. Based on the survey results, we can conclude that Chopin’s “Spring Waltz”, played during recess, calms a larger number (86%) of respondents.

For practical research, the methods of the Swiss scientist Hans Jenny and the Japanese scientist Emoto Masaru were taken, which consist of listening to sounds in water and then freezing it.

Five types of sounds were taken for the experiment: noise in the classroom during one school day, ringtones “Christmas Bells”, melodies of “Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy” from the ballet P.I. Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker", the ringing of the Valdai bell, silence without sound.

To obtain a photo of noise in the classroom, the following experiment was carried out: tap water in the classroom was poured into a jar, placed on the teacher’s table and stood there for one day on February 11, 2014, then brought home, poured into a Petri dish and frozen in the freezer . Then it was photographed with a 3.2 MP Nokia Asha 501 phone camera (photo No. 3 of the application).

Looking through the frozen water, we can conclude that a pattern has formed in which different lines are visible, some large, others small, which are located chaotically, without a specific pattern or symmetry.

To obtain a photo of silence, water was taken from the tap in the apartment, poured into a Petri dish and frozen in the freezer (photo No. 4 of the application). Drawing of silence without lines or pattern.

To obtain a photo of the ringing of the Valdai bell, water was poured into a Petri dish and the ringing was made over it, then the dish was placed in the freezer (photo No. 5 of the application). The ringing pattern of the Valdai bell is similar to the shape of a bell, in the head of which the lines are straight and sparsely spaced, and in the sound ring there are small lines, often located in a semicircle.

To obtain a photo of the “Christmas Bells” melody, water was taken in a Petri dish, placed near the computer from which the melody was playing, and then frozen in the freezer. The melody pattern looks like a flower with pointed petals (photo no. 6 in the appendix).

To obtain a photo of the melody of the “Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy” from P. T. Tchaikovsky’s ballet “The Nutcracker,” water was taken in a Petri dish, placed near the computer from which the melody sounded, and then frozen in the freezer. The melody pattern looks like a five-pointed star or a snowflake (photo No. 7 of the application).

Based on the experiments carried out, we can conclude that the sound of silence has no pattern, the pattern of the ringing of the Valdai bell is similar to a bell with beautiful symmetrical lines arranged in a semicircle, the pattern of class noise with asymmetrical lines of different lengths arranged chaotically, the drawing of the “Dance” from “The Nutcracker” "like a five-pointed star or a snowflake, the pattern of "Christmas bells" like a flower with pointed petals. Of the five sounds taken for experiments, the beautiful drawings have melodies and bell ringing.

Based on the practical research, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. Water records information about the sounds it is near.

2. Different sounds have different patterns.

3. The sound of silence has no pattern.

4. The sound of the Valdai bell is similar to a bell.

5. The sound of the "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" is similar to a five-pointed star.

6. The sound of Christmas bells is like a flower with pointed petals.

Taking into account the results of theoretical and practical research, we can conclude that melodies with bells and bell ringing create beautiful patterns and have a beneficial effect on the human body.

Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that eliminating one component from school noise - a sharp bell - listening to classical music and playing music relieves irritation and reduces the harmful effects of noise on the human body.

Conclusion

When we first cross the threshold of school to the sounds of a joyful and cheerful bell, we do not even suspect that the sharp sound of the school bell will frighten and irritate us. The sound of a school bell exceeds the safe noise level by two and a half times. The bell is only one component of school noise. Noise has harmful effects on the human body. Noise makes a person irritable and angry. The World Health Organization calls attention to the public's underestimation of the health impacts of noise, highlighting the steady increase in background noise. It has been proven that exceeding permissible noise levels leads to increased excitability of the nervous system, memory impairment, circulatory disorders, etc.

Already at the beginning of the school year, the school bell has an unfavorable effect on most people. This harmful influence intensifies towards the middle of the school year. The negative impact of the bell leads to increased irritability and most people want to replace the school bell. I, like most of the people interviewed, immediately wanted to replace the bell. If you replace the school bell with music, as was done in one of the Australian schools, the harmful effects will decrease. Since the first grade, doing sound research, I realized that it is not enough to do research and discover something new, but that your discoveries need to be implemented into everyday life and improve it. I was lucky that the director of our gymnasium L.V. Serikova is trying to improve the school life of students and teachers, and it took little time from my idea of replacing the bell to its implementation. This project proved that by implementing my proposals to replace the school bell with melodies with bells, in less than two months there were no more irritable people at school, and the number of balanced ones increased. New school bells are more pleasing and amusing than frightening and annoying. Listening to classical music during recess calms people down. Having visited the international bell ringing festival (photo No. 8 of the appendix), I was convinced of the correctness of the chosen option for the school bell, since in order to get a musical, beautiful and melodious bell ringing, you need to have an ear for music, talent and skill.

Considering that a person consists of 90% water, and water copies the surrounding information field, the drawings of frozen water, music and ringing bells are more beautiful than the drawings of silence and cool noise. Taking part in the regional scientific and practical conference (illustration No. 2 of the appendix), the Russian correspondence competition (illustration No. 3 of the appendix), I wanted to attract the attention of students, teachers and parents to the problem of the harmful effects of bells on the human body. And also to the fact that this problem can be solved by applying my proposals in all schools in Russia and around the world. Opinion of an expert at the All-Russian competition “Young Researcher” about my work: “Dear Vladislav Ilshatovich! Thank you very much for your interesting and useful work. At the face-to-face section of the conference, your report will certainly arouse great interest among listeners. I wish you success in further research. Recommendations for participation in six face-to-face conferences” confirmed the usefulness of my research and gave strength to further research.

I would like the school bell to ring joyfully in all schools around the world!

WITHlist of literature

1. A.I. Tsvetaeva, N.K. Sarajev "Master of Magic Ringing". M. "Music", 1988.

2. Large illustrated explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.

3. Kotova M. Healing sound. Science and life. 1990. No. 6.

4. Rakin A.G. Waves big and small: popular science literature. M. Det.lit., 1985.

5. Sharikov I.G. On the use of bells and beats in music therapy. M. 2000

6. http: // www.kolokola.ru

7. http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry ringing

9. http://wikipedia.org>Bell

10. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ultrasound

11. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ infrasound

12. http: //narodinfo.ru/articles/61685. html

13. http://shkolazhizni.ru/archive/0/n-17810/

14. http://shkolazhizni.ru>Articles>0/n-8458. Sinarevskaya “What is the secret of the bell ringing.”

15. http: //dslov.narod/ru/fslov/59.htm

16. utro.ru/articles/2003/10/30/245. Marta Vesloukhova “A school bell is a mental attack on a child.”

17. rtwiki.iteach.ru/index.php./Activity of the circle Health of my school/Vishnyakova Z.M./Buinsk/2012

18. svetan.ru.>musikoterapia.html

19. lazarev.org>interesting||news…kolokolov/

20. neoglavnom.com/na-zdorovje…lechenie…zvon-kolokola

21. pritvor.kz.pridel/cerkov/doroga/264-2011-06-2614

22. nsportal.ru>Scarlet Sails>borba-so-shkolnym-shumom

23. www.KFS-Koltsova.biz

24. the-day-x.ru>pamyat-vody.html

25. cosmoforum.ucoz.ru>Ethics>19-285-1

26. zhallo.ru>nepoznannoe/kolokolnyj-zvon

27. http://ethnocolocol.ru/load/muzykalznaczvonnic/6-1-0-151 A. Pokrovsky “On the musical significance of belfries.”

Application

Illustration 1. Photo of water under the influence of different music, different words

Table 1. Results of a survey of the impact of the bell at the beginning of the school year

Diagram 1. Impact of the bell at the beginning of the school year

Table 2. Comparative results of a survey on the impact of classmates calling at the beginning and end of the semester.

Diagram 2. Comparative data on the impact of the call on classmates for half a year

Test “Are you annoyed?...”

Answer options: “very” - 4 points, “not particularly” - 1, “in no case” - 0.

			Not particularly
	A crumpled newspaper page that you want to read?
	Excessive intimacy of the interlocutor?
	When someone coughs in your direction?
	When does someone laugh out of place?
	When someone tries to teach you what to do and how to do it?
	When in a cinema the person sitting in front of you is constantly spinning around and commenting on the plot of the film?
	When they try to retell to you the plot of an interesting book that you are about to read?
	Loud conversation during recess?
	A person who gestures while talking?

More than 30 points: You are not one of the calm and balanced people. Everything irritates you, even small things. You are quick-tempered and lose your temper easily. And this weakens the nervous system, causing those around us to suffer.

Below 30: You can be classified as the most common category of people. Only the most unpleasant things irritate you, but you don’t make a drama out of everyday adversity.

Less than 9: You are a very balanced person.

Table 3. Results of testing for irritability at the beginning of the year

Diagram 3. Comparative data on the results of testing for irritability among classmates at the beginning of the school year and the end of the first half of the year.

Diagram 4. Results of a survey on replacing the school bell.

Questions and answers from an interview with the director of MAOU “Gymnasium No. 31”, Perm L.V. Serikova November 15, 2013

Question 1: how did you come up with the idea to replace the bell?

Answer: after I read your research.

Question 2: what technical means were used to replace the bell?

Answer: voice announcement and broadcast system, including: 2 amplifiers, automated control system, trombone, 72 SWS-03 Inter-M loudspeakers, ROKOT voice announcement unit, 2 RM-01 microphones, laptop, Microsoft "Windows 7" software , 40 boxes 12x12 DEGROSS, 15 junction boxes UK-2P. This system was installed in addition to the fire alarm system.

Question: How much money did it take to replace the bell?

Answer: 325,000 rub.

Photo 1. Interview with the director of MAOU “Gymnasium No. 31” L.V. Serikova

Table 4. Comparative results of the irritability test among classmates, teachers and young musicians at the beginning and end of the school year.

Table 5. Comparative table of the results of the influence of the bell on classmates, teachers and young musicians at the beginning and end of the school year.

Photo 2. Noise in the classroom

Photo 3. Silence

Photo 4. Ringing of the Valdai bell

Photo No. 5. Melody of “Christmas Bells”

Photo 6. Melody of the “Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy” from the ballet “The Nutcracker” by P.I. Tchaikovsky

Photo 7. International festival of bell ringing and sacred music in the city of Usolye, Perm Territory, 06/15/2013

Illustration 3. Photo of the diploma of the winner of the V regional scientific and practical conference “My first step into science” 03/02/2013

Illustration 4. Photo of the diploma of the 3rd degree laureate of the Russian correspondence competition “Young Researcher”, April 2013

Posted on Allbest.ru

...

Designs and operation

Bell

Many small schools, especially in rural areas, use a bell as a school bell, located in the schoolyard or in a special structure on the roof of the school. Calls are made manually. There are electric drives that automatically swing the bell according to a schedule.

Electric (electromagnetic) bell

This type of bell is the most common, the typical design is with two “cups” (English double-gong bell). The official name is the electric two-cup bell. As a rule, one such device is placed under the ceiling on each floor of the school so that its sound can be heard in all classrooms. The call duration is 10-15 seconds. In many schools, in addition to the standard notification about the beginning/end of a lesson, additional signals are sent using such a device: three short bells - teachers are gathering for a meeting, a continuous ringing - an alarm.

Initially, the signal was given by pressing a button: while the button was held down, a ringing sound was heard. This was done by the teacher on duty, the watchman or the secretary. To avoid hooliganism, the button was located in a locked room under supervision. The disadvantage of such a system is the need for the responsible person to strictly monitor the time, as well as the possibility of unauthorized ringing by school hooligans. Currently, almost all schools are clocked and calls are made automatically. In many schools, the bells are connected to the fire alarm.

In the absence of a computer clock system, it can be provided mechanically - using primary and secondary clocks. A primary clock is a mechanical device, the mechanism of which, in addition to the clock function itself, is capable of closing and opening an electrical circuit according to a schedule. For example, the Soviet watch “Strela EVChS-24” uses a 24-hour disk with 288 holes and an additional weekly disk with 7 holes, which allows you to turn off the signals on the corresponding days. A pin inserted into the hole, at the appointed time, closes a circuit that heats the metal plate, which instantly expands, bends, touches the contact and closes the secondary circuit (in this case, the primary circuit opens, the plate cools down in 5-20 seconds and returns to its original position, which leads to to open the secondary circuit). The secondary circuit, in turn, supplies current to the bells.

Musical call

Musical calls are capable of playing a melody built into their memory. Most devices of this type reproduce MIDI melodies from a standard set, and their operating mode is configured similarly to electromagnetic calls or via a computer. It is possible to organize remote control of such a call [ ] [ ] .

The most modern system is to send bells through speakers located in each classroom. Through the same speakers, you can play music for exercise before the first lesson or during school holidays, alarms, announcements, etc., and not necessarily to all at once, but only to some selected classrooms. A “radio room” is organized at the school, from which such a system is controlled, and high school students are on duty in it; As a rule, excellent students are sent to such a responsible post. In some schools, such a system is developing into a full-fledged school radio with its own student editorial office, and this radio is broadcast during breaks.

Hooliganism using a bell

Sometimes students, out of hooligan motives (in order to disrupt a lesson, organize a false alarm, or simply play a joke) try to provoke the bell to ring at the wrong time. The sources note the following methods:

Criticism and refusal to call

In April 2010, the radical Islamic group Harakat al-Shabab banned the use of school bells in Somalia because, according to Islamists, they resemble the sound of Christian church bells.

In October 2010, Mackie Academy in Stonehaven, UK, banned school bells because they allegedly agitated students and made them restless. In addition, canceling calls increases students' personal responsibility and attention, and teaches them to independently keep track of time. Subsequently, the same decision was made in several other schools in the UK.

In culture

The school bell is considered one of the most important attributes of the school, which is why it appears in many educational-related works of art and is also found on school logos.

Events

The first bell is a school event organized on September 1 for first-graders who have just started school.
The last bell is a school event that marks the end of school.

When organizing these events, a symbolic bell is used - a bell with a bow. On the first of September in Russian schools, the right to ring the first bell is given to one of the first-graders and an eleventh-grader who is an excellent student, holding the bell by the handle at the same time, which symbolizes the continuity and infinity of the school conveyor belt.

In literature

Notes

EDUCATION SYSTEM OF JOHN AMOS COMENIUS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN MODERN DIDACTICS
Sergey Frolov. The Mystery of School Bells (Russian). LiveJournal(January 28, 2015). Retrieved November 1, 2017.
Egor Kretov. Clock networks of the past (Russian). Geektimes(June 9, 2015). Retrieved November 1, 2017.
What is a secondary watch?! (Russian). TD Timer. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
Sergey Liskovsky. School bell on Raspberry Pi with remote control (Russian). Habrahabr(December 25, 2013). Retrieved November 1, 2017.

She appeared for the lesson in ancient times. According to one version of historians, it was invented by the ancient Greek philosopher and teacher Plato in order to gather his students for class. It's hard to imagine... but Plato's first school bell was made of glass. It consisted of two vessels. One empty, one with water. And it was called clepsydra. Plato's main idea was that the sound of such a bell should be piercing. The voice of a glass bell woke up students early in the morning for classes.

When the ringing of bells came to educational institutions is a mystery that great minds are still studying. One of the versions is that since the first schools were parish schools, the church bell gave a signal about the beginning and end of the lesson. Such a craft as casting small bells originates in Ancient Rus'. Again - according to one of the versions. According to historians, there is a legend according to which Ivan the Third, who won the Victory over the great Novgorod, took the great bell from there. It so happened that the cart on which the bell was transported broke down and it fell into one of the lakes. After which the local residents took it out and began to cast small bells and give it as a shrine. It's been the same since then.

Before the advent of the electric bell in the world, all educational institutions used, as a rule, a copper bell. The first ceremonial assembly was held in his commune by the famous teacher Anton Makarenko in the 20s of the last century. And in the 70s, another tradition appeared - to take a first-grader on the shoulder. Today every city school has a bell. As a rule, they are all copper.

Interestingly, in addition to invigorating the mood, ringing bells can relieve illness and nervous tension. Even the sound of a small school bell has such healing vibrations. In many schools of Tsarist Rus', the bell was considered a talisman; our ancestors thought that its ringing could drive away evil spirits from people.

Popular

“Atomic ghosts”: what abandoned nuclear power plants of the former Soviet Union look like

« The Crimean Nuclear Power Plant is the most expensive unfinished nuclear reactor in the world. To service the power plant, an entire city was built on the Kerch Peninsula -.... »

Underground power station of Sevastopol

« In November 1941, during the first assault on Sevastopol, the city Defense Committee organized the relocation of defense industries to... »

Rock Iphigenia - a legend in stone form

« Reading time: 2 minutes Iphigenia Rock, whose outline resembles a fortress, is located on the Crimean coast. She represents... »