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VIII. Strengthening the United Nations
29. We will make every effort to make the United Nations a more effective instrument for all these priorities: the struggle for development for all the peoples of the world, the fight against poverty, ignorance and disease; fighting injustice; combating violence, terrorism and crime; and combating the degradation and destruction of our common home.
30. We are therefore determined:
- reaffirm the centrality of the General Assembly as the main deliberative, decision-making and representative organ of the United Nations and enable it to play this role effectively;
- to intensify our efforts to carry out comprehensive reform of the Security Council in all its aspects;
- continue to strengthen the Economic and Social Council, building on its recent achievements, in order to help it fulfill the role assigned to it in the Charter;
- strengthen the International Court of Justice to ensure justice and the rule of law in international affairs;
- encourage regular consultation and coordination among the principal organs of the United Nations in the performance of their functions;
- ensure that the Organization is provided, on a timely and predictable basis, with the resources it needs to fulfill its mandates;
- urge the Secretariat to make the best use of these resources, in accordance with the clear rules and procedures agreed by the General Assembly, for the benefit of all Member States, through the use of the best management practices and advanced technologies, and by focusing efforts on those tasks that are consistent with the agreed priorities of States -members;
- promote compliance with the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel;
- ensure greater policy coherence and further improve interaction between the United Nations, its agencies, the Bretton Woods institutions and the World Trade Organization, as well as other multilateral bodies, in order to ensure a fully coordinated approach to peace and development issues;
- continue to strengthen cooperation between the United Nations and national parliaments through their world body, the Inter-Parliamentary Union, in various fields, including peace and security, economic and social development, international law and human rights, democracy and gender issues;
- provide greater opportunities for the private sector, non-governmental organizations and civil society in general to contribute to the achievement of the goals and programs of the Organization.
31. We request the General Assembly to regularly review progress in the implementation of the provisions of this Declaration and request the Secretary-General to publish periodic reports for the consideration of the General Assembly and as a basis for further action.
32. We take this historic opportunity to reaffirm that the United Nations is the indispensable common home of all humanity and that through it we will strive to realize our common desire for peace, cooperation and development. We therefore solemnly pledge our full support for these common goals and declare our determination to ensure their achievement.
Millennium Declaration
Approved by General Assembly resolution 55/2
dated September 8, 2000
The General Assembly, adopts the following Declaration:
Millennium Declaration
United Nations
I. Values and principles
1. We, the heads of state and government, have gathered in
United Nations Headquarters in New York
from 6 to 8 September 2000, at the dawn of the new millennium, to
reaffirm our faith in the Organization and its Charter (995_010)
as the inviolable foundations of a more peaceful, prosperous and just
peace. 2. We recognize that in addition to individual responsibility
We also have a collective responsibility to our own societies.
responsibility for affirming the principles of human
dignity, justice and equality at the global level.
Therefore, we, as leaders, are responsible to all residents
Earth, especially to the most vulnerable of them, and in particular
before the children of the world, to whom the future belongs. 3. We reaffirm our commitment to the goals and principles
Charter of the United Nations (995_010), which
have proven their timelessness and universal character. Their
relevance and ability to serve as a source of inspiration
increase as countries and peoples become more
interconnected and interdependent. 4. We are determined to establish a fair and
lasting world peace in accordance with the goals and principles
Charter (995_010). We reaffirm our commitment
support all efforts aimed at ensuring sovereign
equality of all states; respect for their territorial integrity
and political independence; peaceful settlement of disputes
means and in accordance with the principles of justice and
international law; the right to self-determination of peoples is still
under colonial rule and foreign occupation;
non-interference in the internal affairs of states; respect for rights
human and fundamental freedoms; respect for equal rights for everyone without
differences of race, gender, language and religion; and international
cooperation in solving international economic problems,
social, cultural or humanitarian nature. 5. We believe that the main task facing us
today, is to ensure that globalization becomes
a positive factor for all peoples of the world. This is due to the fact that,
Although globalization opens up great opportunities, its benefits are now
are used very unevenly and are unevenly distributed
costs. We recognize that developing countries and countries with
transition economies face particular challenges in terms of
taking measures in connection with the solution of this main task. Exactly
therefore, globalization can become completely inclusive and
fair character only through large-scale and
persistent efforts to shape a common future based on
our common belonging to the human race in all its
diversity. These efforts must include policies and measures to
global level that would meet the needs of developing
countries and countries with economies in transition and which would be developed
and were carried out with their effective participation. 6. We believe that it is essential for
international relations in the 21st century will have a number of fundamental
values. These include: Freedom. Men and women have the right to live and raise their own
children in conditions worthy of human beings, free from hunger and fear
violence, oppression and injustice. The best guarantee of these rights
is a democratic form of government based on broad
participation and will of the people. Equality. No person or country should
deprived of the opportunity to enjoy the benefits of development. Must be
equal rights and opportunities for men and women are guaranteed. Solidarity. Global problems must be solved with
fair sharing of costs and burdens in accordance with
fundamental principles of equality and social justice.
Those who suffer or are least favored
deserve help from those who are in the most
favorable position. Tolerance. With all the diversity of religions, cultures and
languages, people must respect each other. Differences within societies and
between societies should neither frighten nor serve as a reason for
persecution, but should be nurtured as the most valuable
heritage of humanity. A culture of peace and
dialogue between all civilizations. Respect for nature. The basis of protection and rational
the use of all living organisms and natural resources must
prudence must be exercised in accordance with the tenets
sustainable development. Only in this way can you save for
our descendants the enormous wealth that has been given to us
nature. Current unsustainable production and consumption patterns
must be changed in the interests of our future well-being and
well-being of our descendants. General duty. Responsibility for managing global
economic and social development, as well as eliminating threats
international peace and security must be shared between
peoples of the world and implemented on a multilateral basis.
The United Nations must play a central role in this
Nations as the most universal and most representative
organization in the world. 7. In order to translate these general values into specific
actions, we have identified the key goals to which we attach special
important.
II. Peace, security and disarmament
8. We will make every effort to free our
peoples from the scourge of wars, whether within states or between
states, wars that have claimed more than
5 million lives. We will also work to eliminate threats
created by weapons of mass destruction. 9. We are therefore determined: to strengthen respect for the rule of law, and as
in international as well as in domestic affairs, and in particular
ensure compliance by member states with decisions
International Court of Justice, in pursuance of the Charter of the United Nations
Nations (995_010), in any cases to which they are parties; enhance the effectiveness of the United Nations in
maintaining peace and security by providing
disposal of the resources and tools it needs to
preventing conflicts, peacefully resolving disputes, conducting
peacekeeping operations, post-conflict peacebuilding and
reconstruction. In this regard, we take note of the report of the Panel
on United Nations peace operations and request
the General Assembly to promptly consider its recommendations; strengthen cooperation between the United Nations
Nations and regional organizations in accordance with the provisions
Chapter VIII of the Charter (995_010); ensure compliance by states parties with treaties in
areas such as arms control and disarmament, and
international humanitarian law and human rights law
people and call on all states to consider the possibility
signing and ratification of the Rome Statute of the International
criminal court (995_588); take concerted action to combat
international terrorism and everyone should join as soon as possible
relevant international conventions; redouble our efforts to implement what we have adopted
commitments to curb the global drug problem; intensify our efforts to combat transnational
crime in all its aspects, including trafficking in persons and their
smuggling and money laundering; minimize the adverse effects of administered drugs
United Nations economic sanctions for nothing
innocent groups of the population; ensure regular review
regimes of such sanctions; and eliminate adverse consequences
sanctions for third parties; strive to eliminate weapons of mass destruction, especially
nuclear weapons, and keep all available options open
to achieve this goal, including the possibility of convening an international
conference to determine ways and means to eliminate nuclear
threats; take concerted action to stop
illicit trafficking in small arms and light weapons,
especially by ensuring greater transparency in
areas of arms transfers and support for regional measures to
disarmament, taking into account all the recommendations of the upcoming
United Nations conference on the problem of illegal
trade in small arms and light weapons; call on all states to consider
the possibility of acceding to the Prohibition Convention,
stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel mines and
on their destruction (995_379), as well as the amended Protocol on
mines (995_310) to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
(995_266). 10. We urge Member States to respect
"Olympic Truce", individually and collectively, is currently
time and in the future, and support the International Olympic
committee in its efforts to promote peace and understanding among
people through sport and the embodiment of the Olympic ideals.
III. Development and poverty eradication
11. We will make every effort to deliver our
fellow tribesmen, men, women and children, from degrading human
dignity of extreme poverty, which currently
More than a billion of them are forced to live. We are committed to
make the right to development a reality for all and rid all
the human race is out of need. 12. In this regard, we are determined to create, as
nationally and globally, conditions
conducive to development and poverty eradication. 13. Success in achieving these objectives depends, inter alia, on
ensuring good governance in every country. It also depends
from ensuring good governance at the international level and
transparency in financial, monetary and trade
systems. We are committed to creating an open, fair,
regulated, predictable and non-discriminatory multilateral
trading and financial system. 14. We are concerned about the obstacles to
developing countries face in mobilizing resources,
necessary to finance their sustainable development. That's why we
We will make every effort to ensure the success of the International and
high-level intergovernmental event on
development finance, which will take place in 2001. 15. We are also committed to facilitating the satisfaction of special
needs of the least developed countries. In this regard, we welcome
convening in May 2001 of the third United Nations Conference
nations for the least developed countries and will strive to ensure
its successful implementation. We call upon the industrialized countries: to adopt, preferably before the start of this Conference,
a set of measures to ensure duty-free and quota-free access
almost all export goods of the least developed countries to
their markets; proceed without further delay
Expanded debt relief program for poor countries
with a high level of debt and agree to write off all
official bilateral debt of these countries in exchange for
their commitment to poverty alleviation; and provide more generous development assistance, especially
those countries that are really trying to use existing
they have the resources to reduce poverty. 16. We are also determined to comprehensively and
effectively resolve the debt problems of developing countries
low- and middle-income countries based on the adoption
various national and international measures aimed at
to bring their debt to an acceptable level in
long term. 17. We are also committed to addressing the issue of special
needs of small island developing States by
Implementation of the Barbados Program of Action and Decisions Twenty
second special session of the General Assembly promptly and in
in full. We urge the international community
ensure that the development of the vulnerability indicator takes into account
special needs of small island developing states. 18. We recognize the special needs and challenges of developing
landlocked countries and urge both
bilateral and multilateral donors to increase the volume
financial and technical assistance to this group of countries in order to
meet their special development needs and
assist them in overcoming the limitations of their geographical
situation of difficulties by improving their transit
transport systems. 19. We are also determined to: halve by 2015 the proportion of the world's population
with an income of less than one dollar a day, and the proportion of the population
suffering from hunger, and also reduce by half by the same period
proportion of the world's population without access to safe
drinking water, including due to lack of funds; ensure that by the same date children around the world have the same
boys and girls alike had the opportunity to receive full
scope of primary school education and that girls and boys
had equal access to all levels of education; by the same date, achieve a reduction in maternal mortality by
three quarters and mortality among children under 5 years of age by two
a third from their current levels; stop the spread of HIV/AIDS by the specified date,
malaria and other major diseases that affect
humanity, and begin a trend towards reducing them
scale; provide special assistance to children who have lost their parents due to
HIV/AIDS; by 2020, ensure a significant improvement in life as
minimum 100 million slum dwellers as envisaged
initiative "Cities Without Slums". 20. We are also determined to: promote gender equality and the empowerment and
women's opportunities as effective means of combating poverty,
hunger and disease and stimulate development that is truly
stable character; develop and implement strategies that empower young people to
all over the world a real chance to find decent and productive work; encourage the pharmaceutical industry to provide more
widespread availability of essential medicines and their greater
accessibility to everyone who needs them in developing countries; build strong partnerships with the private sector and
civil society organizations for development and eradication
poverty; take measures to ensure that everyone can enjoy the benefits
new technologies, especially information and communication
technologies, in accordance with the recommendations contained in
Ministerial Declaration at the 2000 ECOSOC session.
IV. Protecting our shared environment
21. We must spare no effort in getting rid of everything
humanity, and above all our children and grandchildren, from the threat
living on a planet that will be hopelessly corrupted
human activities and resources that will no longer be sufficient
to meet their needs. 22. We renew our support for the principles of sustainable
development, including those set out in Agenda 21
century, agreed upon by the United Nations Conference
on Environment and Development. 23. In this regard, we are determined to adhere to all
our environmental activities, a new ethic of careful and
responsible attitude towards nature and, first of all, we declare our
determination: to make every effort to ensure entry into
force of the Kyoto Protocol (995_801), preferably to the tenth
anniversary of the United Nations Environment Conference
environment and development in 2002, and begin to implement the
reducing greenhouse gas emissions; intensify our collective efforts in forest management,
conservation of all types of forests and sustainable development of forestry
farms; strive for full implementation of the Biological Convention
diversity (995_030) and the Convention to Combat Desertification in
those countries experiencing severe drought and/or
desertification, especially in Africa (995_120); stop the irrational exploitation of water resources,
developing water management strategies for
regional, national and local levels, promoting
equitable access to water and its sufficient supply; intensify cooperation to reduce the number and
consequences of natural and man-made disasters; provide free access to information about the human genome.
V. Human rights, democracy and good governance
24. We will spare no effort to promote democracy and
strengthening the rule of law, and to ensure respect for all
internationally recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms, including
right to development. 25. We are therefore determined: to fully respect and support the Universal Declaration of Rights
person (995_015); seek full protection and promotion in all our countries
civil, political, economic, social and cultural
rights for all; strengthen the capacity of all our countries to implement
principles and practices of democracy and respect for human rights, including
minority rights; combat all forms of violence against women and
implement the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination in
regarding women (995_207); take measures to ensure respect and protection of human rights
migrants, migrant workers and members of their families, ending
increasing manifestations of racism and xenophobia in many societies and
promoting greater harmony and tolerance in all societies; collectively strive for greater political openness
processes, creating conditions for genuine participation in them all
citizens in all our countries; ensure the media freedom to carry out
their inherent important function, as well as the public's right of access
to information.
VI. Protecting the Vulnerable
26. We will make every effort to ensure that children, as well as everything
civilians who suffer the most in
as a result of natural disasters, genocide, armed conflicts and
other humanitarian emergencies, was provided
all possible assistance and protection with a view to their speedy return to
normal life. We are therefore determined to: expand and strengthen activities to protect civilians
population in complex emergency situations in accordance with
international humanitarian law; strengthen international cooperation, including joint
bearing the burden of humanitarian assistance to countries hosting refugees,
and its coordination; and assist all refugees and displaced persons in
return to their homes on a voluntary basis under conditions
safety and dignity and to be reintegrated smoothly into
their societies; encourage ratification and full implementation of the Convention on
rights of the child (995_021) and its optional protocols,
concerning the involvement of children in armed conflicts and trafficking
children, child prostitution and child pornography.
VII. Meeting Africa's Special Needs
27. We will support the strengthening of democracy in Africa and
help Africans in their struggle for lasting peace, eradication of poverty
and sustainable development, thereby bringing Africa into the mainstream
development of the world economy. 28. We are therefore determined to: fully support the political and institutional
structures of emerging democracies in Africa; stimulate and support regional and subregional
mechanisms for preventing conflicts and promoting political
stability and ensure a reliable flow of resources for
peacekeeping operations on the continent; take special measures to address the challenges of poverty eradication and
sustainable development in Africa, including debt relief,
improving market access, expanding official assistance for
development (ODA) and increased foreign direct investment flows
(FDI) as well as technology transfer; help Africa build its capacity to curb the pandemic
HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases.
VIII. Strengthening the United Nations
29. We will make every effort to turn
the United Nations into a more effective instrument for
solutions to all these priority tasks: the struggle for development for
all peoples of the world, the fight against poverty, ignorance and disease;
fighting injustice; combating violence, terrorism and
crime; and combat the degradation and destruction of our common
Houses. 30. We are therefore determined: to reaffirm the centrality of the General Assembly as
main advisory, decision-making and representative body
United Nations and enable it to effectively
play this role; intensify our efforts to carry out a comprehensive
reform of the Security Council in all its aspects; continue to strengthen the Economic and Social Council,
building on his latest achievements in order to help him
fulfill the role assigned to him in the Charter (995_010); strengthen the International Court of Justice in order to ensure
justice and the rule of law in international affairs; encourage regular consultation and coordination between key
organs of the United Nations in carrying out their
functions; ensure that the Organization is provided with timely and
on a predictable basis with the resources it needs to carry out its
mandates; urge the Secretariat to best
use these resources in accordance with clear rules and
procedures agreed upon by the General Assembly in the interests of
all Member States, by engaging the most
effective management methods and advanced technologies and through
focusing efforts on completing those tasks that
are consistent with the agreed priorities of Member States; encourage compliance with the Occupational Safety Convention
United Nations and associated personnel
(995_025); ensure greater policy coherence and further
improving interaction between the United Nations, its
institutions, the Bretton Woods institutions and the World Trade
organization, as well as other multilateral bodies for the purpose of
ensuring a fully coordinated approach to the problems of the world
and development; continue to strengthen cooperation between the Organization
United Nations and national parliaments through their worldwide
organization - Inter-Parliamentary Union - in various fields,
including peace and security, economic and social development,
international law and human rights, democracy and gender
questions; provide to the private sector, non-governmental
organizations and civil society in general, wider
opportunities to contribute to the achievement of goals and implementation
programs of the Organization. 31. We ask the General Assembly to regularly review
progress in the implementation of the provisions of this Declaration and request
Secretary-General to publish periodic reports to
consideration by the General Assembly and as a basis for
taking further action. 32. Taking advantage of this historic opportunity, we once again
We solemnly declare that the United Nations
is an indispensable common home for all humanity and that
through it we will strive to realize our common
desire for peace, cooperation and development. That's why we
We solemnly promise to fully support these common goals and
We declare our determination to ensure their achievement.
A/RES/55/2 (PDF, 218K)
The Millennium Declaration, adopted on September 8, 2000 by the 55th session of the UN General Assembly (Millennium Assembly), proclaimed the high principles of world development in the new millennium, setting 8 strategic goals for humanity:
Eliminating extreme poverty and hunger.
2. Universal primary education.
3. Equality between men and women. Empowering women.
4. Reducing child mortality.
5. Improving maternal health.
6. Combating HIV, malaria and other diseases.
7. Ensuring environmental sustainability.
8. Global Partnership for Development.
To monitor their achievement in 2003, at the 58th session of the UN General Assembly, the report “Implementation of the UN Millennium Declaration” for the period until 2015 identified 18 tasks, the degree of implementation of which is assessed using 48 measurable indicators. These objectives and indicators were a clarification of the proposals set out in the report “Plan for the Implementation of the UN Millennium Declaration” at the 56th session of the UN General Assembly in 2001.
Back at the end of 1998, the 53rd UN General Assembly declared the 2000 session the Millennium Assembly, and already in November 1999, in order to promote the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by providing the world community with objective values of development indicators, which are based on data from national and world statistics, it was PARIS21 (Partnership in statistics for development in the 21st century) partnership was established. The UN, OECD, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Eurostat participated in its creation. The partnership's motto is noteworthy: “Statistics are the eyes of policymakers.” The Partnership focused on promoting the development of national statistical systems in underdeveloped and developing countries through its core program, National Strategies for the Development of Statistics (NSDS). In 2000, the partnership established the Trust Fund for the Development of Statistical Services (TFSCB), which is managed by the World Bank. The fund's assets are generated from various sources and distributed in the form of grants among developing countries.
An analysis of reports submitted by countries to the UN on achieving the Millennium Goals showed (A Review of Energy in National MDG Reports, January 2007, UNDP) that energy topics are not sufficiently represented in them, although each of the goals cannot be effectively achieved without adequate energy supply. However, among the list of 48 indicators, only three (27th - the amount of energy per unit of GDP, 28th - carbon dioxide emissions per capita and 29th - the share of the population using solid fuel) are directly related to energy. These indicators relate to Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability. Some reports linked energy indicators to Goal 1: End extreme poverty and hunger. Obviously, life will require the inclusion of energy indicators in the system for monitoring the achievement of the Millennium Goals, since energy poverty itself will not be eliminated. Long-term programs will be required with large investments of budget funds and the involvement of large financial sponsors. The historical experience of even such large countries as the USA and the USSR confirms the truth of these words.
The following trends can be expected:
1. Energy parameters will increasingly be included in indicators for achieving the Millennium Goals, as well as in other international development programs.
2. Monitoring the status of these indicators will require the development of state statistical potential. Energy statistics will become increasingly linked to other types of statistics.
3. Methods of official and corporate statistics will become more comprehensive due to the formation of a system of multi-level indicators and to a greater extent tied to the capabilities of national information systems.
In January 2007, the UN review “Energy in National Reports to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals” was published based on the results of an analysis of 112 reports (MDGR) from different countries regarding the use of keywords in them: electricity, fuel, gas, etc. It turned out that 42% of the reports did not contain the word “energy” at all. About 32% of reports mentioned this word within one paragraph. Only about a quarter of the reports devoted a page or more to analyzing the energy situation in the country. Of the 93 reports that mentioned energy, 74 discussed it in relation to Objective 7, and the remaining 19 reports discussed it in the introduction or in relation to Objective 1. The most common report link to energy was air pollution. In addition, reports from African countries mention energy in relation to deforestation due to the use of wood for energy purposes. However, any of the Millennium Goals can only be achieved with adequate energy supply. As stated in the report, today 1.6 billion people do not have access to electricity, and 2.5 billion people use only traditional fuels - wood, agricultural waste and manure - for heating their homes and cooking. This situation limits opportunities for economic development and poverty reduction. Energy must become the leading tool for sustainable development; its indicators must objectively characterize energy supply and energy safety, and energy statistics data must be timely and reliable. It has been noted that countries that primarily need to improve energy supply have the least developed statistics.
Poor countries face three key energy challenges:
1) dependence on biofuel, the use of which is harmful to public health and the environment;
2) limited access to clean energy supply (electricity);
3) extremely low incomes of the population, which limits the use of electricity in everyday life and social services.
To manage the solution of these problems, it is necessary to monitor the values of a number of indicators, such as the share of biomass in household energy consumption, coverage of the population and the social sector with electricity, electricity tariffs, and the share of household income used to pay for the “consumer energy basket” of electricity supply. Sustainable development programs achieve good results. For example, the full electrification of Thailand (from 7 to 98%) was achieved mainly in 8 years (from 1978 to 1986) based on the Accelerated Rural Electrification Program. In East Asia, the population without access to electricity fell by about 700 million people between 1985 and 2005. Periods of qualitative change in energy in global regions are becoming very short. During this time, it is possible not only to build energy generating facilities and energy infrastructure, but also to create sustainable energy supply channels, which cannot but affect world prices. We can expect two similar “waves of energy consumption” of 500 million people each for the regions of South Asia (Indonesia, India, etc.) and Sub-Saharan Africa (48 countries). Mitigating their impact on the global fuel and energy market can only be achieved through joint efforts at the global level.
Reports on the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals show a close connection between energy and macroeconomic development indicators, between increased energy savings and a reduction in poverty. Developing countries with relatively high urban populations associate energy supplies with improvements in education, health care, international trade, and environmental quality. Here are some examples of the impact of energy supply on achieving the Millennium Goals.
Goal 1. Access to modern energy ensures development. Electric lighting helps to increase occupancy and work hours. Electrically driven machines provide increased production and increased productivity. Local energy using local resources creates conditions for the development of local business. Affordable energy for cooking, heating water and lighting reduces household costs and improves quality of life. Most foods consumed as food require hot processing. Available energy allows food to be better preserved - by smoking, drying, refrigerating and freezing. Energy allows for irrigation, which increases food production.
Goal 2. Energy allows you to create a more favorable environment for the child (access to clean water, sanitation, lighting, comfortable home climate). In schools provided with electricity, learning conditions are improved, the educational process is supported by media and information systems, office equipment, instruments, etc. Transport energy makes it possible to visit remote schools. Energy efficiency in educational institutions frees up time and money to focus on improving the educational process.
Goal 3. When energy supply is available, the share of women's labor in the household and manual labor in the home and in agriculture is significantly reduced. Clean energy used for cooking reduces air pollution in the home and improves health. Good evening lighting creates time for evening activities, meaningful relaxation and personal development. Street lighting improves women's personal safety. Affordable energy creates conditions for the development of women's entrepreneurship.
Goal 4: Clean energy reduces air pollution and respiratory infections, which kill about 11 million children worldwide each year. Hot food and boiled water improve the absorption of food and reduce the likelihood of intestinal infections. Electricity allows water to be pumped and purified.
Goal 5. Energy supply creates conditions for the use of more advanced medical equipment to preserve the health of mothers and children. Energy supply frees pregnant women from heavy manual work and reduces the threat to her life and the life of the child.
Goal 6. The availability of electricity in hospitals and clinics creates the opportunity to treat and receive patients in the evening and at night, and transport patients to provide them with emergency care. Energy is necessary for sterilizing medical instruments, storing medications, and the like.
Goal 7. Energy ensures growth in agricultural productivity. Excluding traditional fuels from the energy sector reduces pressure on the ecosystem. Better energy technologies help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Almost every modern high-performance process requires energy beyond muscle power to perform it, or at least to control it.
Russia is objectively interested in solving these problems. Firstly, there are quite a lot of municipalities and regions in the country that require the creation or serious modernization of the power supply system. Secondly, the world's rapidly growing energy consumption distorts economic demand, replacing it with political demands, which inevitably complicates the international situation. Russia, of course, needs to actively participate in the implementation of programs to achieve the Millennium Goals on its own territory and abroad, developing sustainable energy supply, using indicative development management tools, integrating the potential of state statistics with the potential of international statistical organizations. On the vast territory of Russia, all the world's energy problems can be found to one degree or another - energy poverty, the need to create long-term energy reserves distributed throughout the territory, and the formation of a system for effectively responding to large-scale energy emergencies. The methodology for developing Russian regional socio-economic development programs is poorly integrated with similar international programs and is not based on a system of international indicators, which does not allow for the effective use of world best practice. Such detachment, which, moreover, does not lead to greater objectivity and completeness of information, hinders the achievement of leading positions in the negotiation processes. But Russia must participate in the global fuel and energy complex through not only the exploitation of its own resources, but also participation in the expansion of the fuel and raw material base throughout the world in order to reverse the shift in the nature of international relations from political to market.
UNITED NATIONS
DECLARATION
UNITED NATIONS MILLENNIUM
I. Values and principles
1. We, the Heads of State and Government, gathered at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 6 to 8 September 2000, at the dawn of the new millennium, to reaffirm our faith in the Organization and its Charter as the inviolable foundations of a more peaceful, prosperous and a just world.
2. We recognize that, in addition to our individual responsibilities to our own societies, we also have a collective responsibility to promote the principles of human dignity, justice and equality at the global level. Therefore, as leaders, we are responsible to all the inhabitants of the Earth, especially to the most vulnerable among them, and in particular to the children of the world, to whom the future belongs.
3. We reaffirm our commitment to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, which have proven to be timeless and universal. Their relevance and ability to serve as a source of inspiration increase as countries and peoples become increasingly interconnected and interdependent.
4. We are determined to establish a just and lasting peace throughout the world in accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter. We reaffirm our commitment to support all efforts aimed at ensuring the sovereign equality of all States, respect for their territorial integrity and political independence, the settlement of disputes by peaceful means and in accordance with the principles of justice and international law, the right to self-determination of peoples still under colonial rule and foreign occupation, non-interference in the internal affairs of states, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, equal rights for all without distinction of race, sex, language or religion and international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian nature.
5. We believe that the main challenge facing us today is to ensure that globalization becomes a positive force for all peoples of the world. This is because, although globalization offers great opportunities, its benefits are now being enjoyed very unevenly and its costs are unevenly distributed. We recognize that developing countries and countries with economies in transition face particular challenges in responding to this major challenge. That is why globalization can only become fully inclusive and equitable through broad and persistent efforts to forge a common future based on our common humanity in all its diversity. These efforts must include policies and measures at the global level that respond to the needs of developing countries and countries with economies in transition, and that are designed and implemented with their effective participation.
6. We believe that a number of fundamental values will be essential to international relations in the 21st century. These include:
- Freedom. Men and women have the right to live and raise their children in human conditions, free from hunger and fear of violence, oppression and injustice. The best guarantee of these rights is a democratic form of government based on broad participation and the will of the people.
- Equality. No person and no country should be denied the benefits of development. Equality of rights and opportunities for men and women must be guaranteed.
- Solidarity. Global challenges must be addressed with a fair distribution of costs and burdens, in accordance with fundamental principles of equality and social justice.
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