Slide 2
Ivan III Vasilievich ruled the Russian state for 43 years, ruling from 1462 to 1505. He took the title "Grand Duke of All Rus'". Ivan was 22 years old when he shouldered the heavy burden of ruling the Russian lands. www.site
Slide 3
His father was Vasily II the Dark, whose whole life was a struggle for power. Ivan 3 was a cautious and slow man, so he seemed an unsuitable ruler. But in difficult situations he showed willpower and determination. www.site
Slide 4
As a legacy from his father, he was left to solve two significant problems for the country. Continue the policy of unifying Russian lands and throw off the Mongol-Tatar yoke. www.site
Slide 5
Mister Veliky Novgorod did not want to submit to the Moscow government. Marfa Boretskaya, who was nicknamed Marfa Posadnitsa, strove for independence. She led the boyars in the fight against the Moscow state. They began to look for allies in this battle in the state of Lithuania. Having learned about this, Ivan 3 organized a campaign against Novgorod. In 1471, a battle took place near the Sheloni River in which the Novgorodians were defeated. The second campaign in 1478 finally secured the annexation of the Novgorod lands. He annexed the lands along the Ob River, “Great Perm” and Vyatka to the state. In 1485, the troops of Ivan 3 moved to the Tver possessions, and the territory of his former enemy became part of the state. www.site
Slide 6
Civil strife in the Golden Horde led to its weakening, and the state fell apart into many small khanates. The remnants of the Golden Horde began to be called the Great Horde. Since 1478, Ivan 3 stopped paying tribute to her. In 1480, Khan Akhmat gathered an army and headed for Rus'. Where the Ugra River flows into the Oka, he was waiting for help. The Polish king and at the same time the Prince of Lithuania promised to send an army. The Crimean Khan, at that time an ally of Ivan 3, attacked the Lithuanian lands and no help came. The Khan's cavalry tried to cross the river, but our troops repulsed the attempt. In this battle, the Russians used cannons and squeaks; the Mongol-Tatars did not have such weapons. After unsuccessful attempts, Khan Akhmat fled. The Mongol-Tatar yoke was over. www.site
Slide 7
In 1497, the first set of laws of a unified state was adopted. The document established a unified structure and management in the country. www.site
Slide 8
The Boyar Duma is a council under the prince, the highest authority. Members of the Duma controlled certain sectors of the state, were governors, and governors in cities. Orders appeared - central government bodies. They were ruled by boyars, and they also decided on individual issues. www.site
Slide 9
A rule was introduced that limited the peasants' departure from the owner. Now it was possible to leave for another owner only once a year - during the week before and the week after Yury’s Day. The peasants had to pay the elderly owner money “for the yard.” www.site
Slide 10
Under Ivan 3, the name Russia and the country's coat of arms - a double-headed eagle - appear. It was borrowed from the Holy Roman Empire. www.site
Slide 11
Under the prince, active construction of cathedrals in the Moscow Kremlin began. The Assumption and Annunciation Cathedrals were erected. The Chamber of Facets was created to receive guests. These buildings are included in the treasury of world culture. www.site
View all slides
Predecessor: |
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Successor: |
Ivan IV the Terrible |
Religion: |
Orthodoxy |
Birth: |
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Buried: |
Archangel Cathedral in Moscow |
Dynasty: |
Rurikovich |
Sofia Paleolog |
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1) Solomonia Yuryevna Saburova 2) Elena Vasilievna Glinskaya |
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Sons: Ivan IV and Yuri |
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Biography
Internal affairs
Unification of Russian lands
Foreign policy
Annexations
Marriages and children
Vasily III Ivanovich (March 25, 1479 - December 3, 1533) - Grand Duke of Moscow in 1505-1533, son of Ivan III the Great and Sophia Paleologus, father of Ivan IV the Terrible.
Biography
Vasily was the second son of Ivan III and the eldest son of Ivan's second wife Sophia Paleologus. In addition to the eldest, he had four younger brothers:
- Yuri Ivanovich, Prince of Dmitrov (1505-1536)
- Dmitry Ivanovich Zhilka, Prince of Uglitsky (1505-1521)
- Semyon Ivanovich, Prince of Kaluga (1505-1518)
- Andrei Ivanovich, Prince of Staritsky and Volokolamsk (1519-1537)
Ivan III, pursuing a policy of centralization, took care of transferring all power through the line of his eldest son, while limiting the power of his younger sons. Therefore, already in 1470, he declared his eldest son from the first wife of Ivan the Young as his co-ruler. However, in 1490 he died of illness. Two parties were created at court: one grouped around the son of Ivan the Young, the grandson of Ivan III Dmitry Ivanovich and his mother, the widow of Ivan the Young, Elena Stefanovna, and the second around Vasily and his mother. At first, the first party gained the upper hand; Ivan III intended to crown his grandson as king. Under these conditions, a conspiracy matured in the circle of Vasily III, which was discovered, and its participants, including Vladimir Gusev, were executed. Vasily and his mother Sophia Paleolog fell into disgrace. However, the grandson's supporters came into conflict with Ivan III, which ended in the grandson's disgrace in 1502. On March 21, 1499, Vasily was declared Grand Duke of Novgorod and Pskov, and in April 1502, Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir and All Rus', autocrat, that is, he became co-ruler of Ivan III.
The first marriage was arranged by his father Ivan, who first tried to find him a bride in Europe, but ended up choosing from 1,500 girls presented to the court for this purpose from all over the country. The father of Vasily Solomonia's first wife, Yuri Saburov, was not even a boyar. The Saburov family descended from the Tatar Murza Chet.
Since the first marriage was fruitless, Vasily obtained a divorce in 1525, and at the beginning of the next year (1526) he married Elena Glinskaya, the daughter of the Lithuanian prince Vasily Lvovich Glinsky. Initially, the new wife also could not get pregnant, but eventually, on August 15, 1530, they had a son, Ivan, the future Ivan the Terrible, and then a second son, Yuri.
Internal affairs
Vasily III believed that nothing should limit the power of the Grand Duke, which is why he enjoyed the active support of the Church in the fight against the feudal boyar opposition, harshly dealing with all those who were dissatisfied. In 1521, Metropolitan Varlaam was exiled due to his refusal to participate in Vasily’s fight against Prince Vasily Ivanovich Shemyachich, the Rurik princes Vasily Shuisky and Ivan Vorotynsky were expelled. The diplomat and statesman Ivan Bersen-Beklemishev was executed in 1525 because of criticism of Vasily’s policies, namely because of open rejection of Greek novelty, which came to Rus' with Sophia Paleologus. During the reign of Vasily III, the landed nobility increased, the authorities actively limited the immunity and privileges of the boyars - the state followed the path of centralization. However, the despotic features of government, which were fully manifested already under his father Ivan III and grandfather Vasily the Dark, only intensified even more in the era of Vasily.
In church politics, Vasily unconditionally supported the Josephites. Maxim the Greek, Vassian Patrikeev and other non-covetous people were sentenced at Church councils, some to death, some to imprisonment in monasteries.
During the reign of Vasily III, a new Code of Law was created, which, however, has not reached us.
As Herberstein reported, at the Moscow court it was believed that Vasily was superior in power to all the monarchs of the world and even the emperor. On the front side of his seal there was an inscription: “Great Sovereign Basil, by the grace of God, Tsar and Lord of All Rus'.” On the reverse side it read: “Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod, Pskov and Tver, and Yugorsk, and Perm, and many lands of the Sovereign.”
The reign of Vasily is the era of the construction boom in Rus', which began during the reign of his father. The Archangel Cathedral was erected in the Moscow Kremlin, and the Ascension Church was built in Kolomenskoye. Stone fortifications are being built in Tula, Nizhny Novgorod, Kolomna, and other cities. New settlements, forts, and fortresses are founded.
Unification of Russian lands
Vasily, in his policy towards other principalities, continued the policy of his father.
In 1509, while in Veliky Novgorod, Vasily ordered the Pskov mayor and other representatives of the city, including all the petitioners who were dissatisfied with them, to gather with him. Arriving to him at the beginning of 1510 on the feast of Epiphany, the Pskovites were accused of distrust of the Grand Duke and their governors were executed. The Pskovites were forced to ask Vasily to accept themselves into his patrimony. Vasily ordered to cancel the meeting. At the last meeting in the history of Pskov, it was decided not to resist and to fulfill Vasily’s demands. On January 13, the veche bell was removed and sent to Novgorod with tears. On January 24, Vasily arrived in Pskov and dealt with it in the same way as his father did with Novgorod in 1478. 300 of the most noble families of the city were resettled to Moscow lands, and their villages were given to Moscow service people.
It was the turn of Ryazan, which had long been in Moscow’s sphere of influence. In 1517, Vasily called to Moscow the Ryazan prince Ivan Ivanovich, who was trying to enter into an alliance with the Crimean Khan, and ordered him to be put into custody (after Ivan was tonsured a monk and imprisoned in a monastery), and took his inheritance for himself. After Ryazan, the Starodub principality was annexed, in 1523 - Novgorod-Severskoye, whose prince Vasily Ivanovich Shemyachich was treated like the Ryazan principality - he was imprisoned in Moscow.
Foreign policy
At the beginning of his reign, Vasily had to start a war with Kazan. The campaign was unsuccessful, the Russian regiments commanded by Vasily’s brother, Prince of Uglitsky Dmitry Ivanovich Zhilka, were defeated, but the Kazan people asked for peace, which was concluded in 1508. At the same time, Vasily, taking advantage of the turmoil in Lithuania after the death of Prince Alexander, put forward his candidacy for the throne of Gediminas. In 1508, the rebellious Lithuanian boyar Mikhail Glinsky was received very cordially in Moscow. The war with Lithuania led to a rather favorable peace for the Moscow prince in 1509, according to which the Lithuanians recognized the capture of his father.
In 1512 a new war with Lithuania began. On December 19, Vasily Yuri Ivanovich and Dmitry Zhilka set out on a campaign. Smolensk was besieged, but it was not possible to take it, and the Russian army returned to Moscow in March 1513. On June 14, Vasily set out on a campaign again, but after sending the governor to Smolensk, he himself remained in Borovsk, waiting for what would happen next. Smolensk was again besieged, and its governor, Yuri Sologub, was defeated in the open field. Only after that Vasily personally came to the troops. But this siege was also unsuccessful: the besieged managed to restore what was being destroyed. Having devastated the outskirts of the city, Vasily ordered a retreat and returned to Moscow in November.
On July 8, 1514, the army led by the Grand Duke again set out for Smolensk, this time his brothers Yuri and Semyon walked with Vasily. A new siege began on July 29. The artillery, led by gunner Stefan, inflicted heavy losses on the besieged. On the same day, Sologub and the clergy of the city came to Vasily and agreed to surrender the city. On July 31, the residents of Smolensk swore allegiance to the Grand Duke, and Vasily entered the city on August 1. Soon the surrounding cities were taken - Mstislavl, Krichev, Dubrovny. But Glinsky, to whom the Polish chronicles attributed the success of the third campaign, entered into relations with King Sigismund. He hoped to get Smolensk for himself, but Vasily kept it for himself. Very soon the conspiracy was exposed, and Glinsky himself was imprisoned in Moscow. Some time later, the Russian army, commanded by Ivan Chelyadinov, suffered a heavy defeat near Orsha, but the Lithuanians were never able to return Smolensk. Smolensk remained a disputed territory until the end of the reign of Vasily III. At the same time, residents of the Smolensk region were taken to the Moscow regions, and residents of the regions closest to Moscow were resettled to Smolensk.
In 1518, Shah Ali Khan, who was friendly towards Moscow, became the Khan of Kazan, but he did not rule for long: in 1521 he was overthrown by his Crimean protege Sahib Giray. In the same year, fulfilling allied obligations with Sigismund, the Crimean Khan Mehmed I Giray announced a raid on Moscow. Together with him, the Kazan Khan came out from his lands; near Kolomna, the Crimeans and Kazan people united their armies together. The Russian army under the leadership of Prince Dmitry Belsky was defeated on the Oka River and was forced to retreat. The Tatars approached the walls of the capital. Vasily himself at that time left the capital for Volokolamsk to gather an army. Magmet-Girey did not intend to take the city: having devastated the area, he turned back to the south, fearing the Astrakhan people and the army gathered by Vasily, but taking a letter from the Grand Duke stating that he recognized himself as a loyal tributary and vassal of the Crimea. On the way back, having met the army of governor Khabar Simsky near Pereyaslavl of Ryazan, the khan began, on the basis of this letter, to demand the surrender of his army. But, having asked the Tatar ambassadors with this written commitment to come to his headquarters, Ivan Vasilyevich Obrazets-Dobrynsky (this was Khabar’s family name) retained the letter, and dispersed the Tatar army with cannons.
In 1522, the Crimeans were again expected in Moscow; Vasily and his army even stood on the Oka River. Khan never came, but the danger from the steppe did not pass. Therefore, in the same 1522, Vasily concluded a truce, according to which Smolensk remained with Moscow. The Kazan people still did not calm down. In 1523, in connection with another massacre of Russian merchants in Kazan, Vasily announced a new campaign. Having ruined the Khanate, on the way back he founded the city of Vasilsursk on Sura, which was supposed to become a new reliable place of trade with the Kazan Tatars. In 1524, after the third campaign against Kazan, Sahib Giray, an ally of the Crimea, was overthrown, and Safa Giray was proclaimed khan in his place.
In 1527, the attack of Islam I Giray on Moscow was repelled. Having gathered in Kolomenskoye, Russian troops took up defensive positions 20 km from the Oka. The siege of Moscow and Kolomna lasted five days, after which the Moscow army crossed the Oka and defeated the Crimean army on the Sturgeon River. The next steppe invasion was repulsed.
In 1531, at the request of the Kazan people, the Kasimov prince Jan-Ali Khan was proclaimed khan, but he did not last long - after the death of Vasily, he was overthrown by the local nobility.
Annexations
During his reign, Vasily annexed Pskov (1510), Smolensk (1514), Ryazan (1521), Novgorod-Seversky (1522) to Moscow.
Marriages and children
Wives:
- Solomonia Yuryevna Saburova (from September 4, 1505 to November 1525).
- Elena Vasilievna Glinskaya (from January 21, 1526).
Children (both from his second marriage): Ivan IV the Terrible (1530-1584) and Yuri (1532-1564). According to legend, from the first, after the tonsure of Solomonia, a son, George, was born.
Vasily III
- Accession to the throne
- Foreign policy
- "gathering of lands"
- Domestic policy
- Culture
- Personal life
- Death
Accession to the throne
After the death of Ivan III Vasilyevich in October 1505, Vasily III Ivanovich unhinderedly ascended the throne, receiving, according to his father’s will, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the right to manage the capital and all its income, the right to mint coins, 66 cities and the title of “Sovereign of All Rus'.”
Foreign policy
Throughout the reign of Ivan III, the main goal of the country's foreign policy was the unification of northeastern Rus' into a single state. The final formalization of the independence of the Russian state is taking place. Dependence on the Horde ends.
"gathering of lands"
Having become the head of state, Vasily III Ivanovich continued his father’s policy - “gathering lands,” strengthening the grand-ducal power and defending the interests of Orthodoxy in Western Rus'.
Domestic policy
In his domestic policy, Vasily III Ivanovich, in order to strengthen the autocracy, fought against the noble boyars and feudal opposition. For speaking out against the policies of the Grand Duke, many boyars and princes, and even Metropolitan Varlaam, fell into disgrace over the years.
Culture
The reign of Vasily III Ivanovich was also marked by the rise of Russian culture, the spread of the Moscow style of literary writing, which took a leading place among other regional literatures. At the same time, the architectural appearance of the Moscow Kremlin took shape, which turned into a well-fortified fortress.
Personal life
Vasily III Ivanovich was married twice. His first marriage was arranged by Ivan III Vasilyevich in 1505. His wife then became Solomonia Saburova. Since this marriage was fruitless, Vasily III Ivanovich, despite the protests of the church, obtained a divorce in 1525. His second wife was Princess Elena Glinskaya, whom he married in 1526. This marriage produced sons Ivan (the future Ivan IV the Terrible) and the feeble-minded Yuri.
Solomonia Soburova
Elena Glinskaya
death
Grand Duke Vasily III Ivanovich died on December 3, 1533. He was buried in the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. The dying prince declared three-year-old Ivan IV Vasilyevich his heir under the regency of Elena Glinskaya.
Elena Glinskaya
Ivan IV
- http://historykratko.ru/kratkaya-biografiya-vasiliya-3
- http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_III
- www.google.ru/search?q=vasily+3&newwindow=1&rlz=1C1SVED_enRU431&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=5MWsUbWQKNDE4gTO04GoDQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1454&bih=726
- http://kremlion.ru/praviteli/vasily3/
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Slide captions:
IVAN III THE GREAT “Sovereign of All Rus'”
Lesson plan: Annexation of Novgorod. Elimination of the Horde yoke. Growth of the territory of the Moscow State. Moscow Ivan III. Code of Law 1497. Politics of Vasily III.
Ivan III, the son of Vasily II the Dark, from childhood knew the hardships and dangers of life for the grand ducal family. His father's opponents blinded Vasily II and kept him in captivity for several years. The boyars loyal to the Grand Duke hid the young Ivan with his younger brother. The children lived in constant anticipation of trouble. But the enemies deceived the children and imprisoned them in a monastery with their parents. Little Ivan saw with what difficulties and losses his father regained the grand-ducal throne.
Vasily II understood all the dangers of the competitive struggle for power in the Moscow principality. Therefore, he proclaims his eight-year-old son Ivan as the Grand Duke and co-ruler of his father. Soon Ivan begins to carry out important military and political assignments. 12-year-old Ivan is already leading a military campaign. The first campaign The events of a troubled childhood taught Ivan III to be careful, diplomatic, and where necessary, to act harshly and decisively.
In 1462, Ivan III became the sole ruler of the Moscow principality.
CONQUEST OF NOVGOROD The Grand Duke saw the further strengthening of the Moscow principality as one of his main tasks. Ivan III attached special importance to the annexation of Novgorod. In Novgorod itself, two groups fought. One of them was in the position of strengthening ties with Moscow. The second group, led by the widow of the mayor Marfa Boretskaya, considered it necessary to preserve the freedom of the Novgorod land.
In 1471, the Boretskys concluded an agreement with the Grand Duke of Lithuania and Poland, King Casimir IV, recognizing the latter as their prince. Casimir was supposed to help the city maintain its independence. In response, in 1471, Ivan III went on a campaign against Novgorod.
The decisive clash took place on the banks of the river. Shelon. Numerical superiority was on the side of the Novgorodians, although Lithuanian help did not come. However, the Moscow army was more experienced. The archbishop's regiment did not take part in the battle at all. The battle ended with the defeat of the Novgorodians. Novgorod capitulated, paid a huge indemnity, recognized itself as the “fatherland” of the Grand Duke and pledged not to enter into an alliance with Lithuania. At the same time, Novgorod still retained formal independence.
In 1475, Ivan III again went to Novgorod to deal with the rebellious boyars. Some of them were sent in chains to Moscow.
Ivan III made his next campaign against Novgorod in 1478. The Novgorodians were unable to offer serious resistance; the Moscow army besieged Novgorod and forced it to capitulate. Posadnichestvo was liquidated, the veche bell was removed and taken to Moscow. Power in Novgorod passed into the hands of the Moscow governor. Later, the lands of the Novgorod boyars were confiscated and distributed to Moscow service people, and their former owners were resettled to the central districts, where they could not dream of secession from Moscow.
1468 – final annexation of the Yaroslavl principality. 1472 – inclusion of “Great Perm” into the state 1474 – acquired the second half of the Rostov Principality.
From 147 2, Ivan stopped paying tribute to the Horde. Khan Akhmat sent his ambassadors to Moscow. In front of the Horde ambassadors and Russian boyars, Ivan tore up and trampled on the agreement with the Horde. He declared that he no longer obeyed the khan and would not pay him tribute. The Khan's ambassadors were expelled. In 1480, Khan Akhmat sent a large army to rebellious Rus'. FIGHT THE HORDE
“That same summer, the ill-famed Tsar Akhmat... went against Orthodox Christianity, against Rus', against the holy churches and against the Grand Duke, boasting of destroying the holy churches and captivating all Orthodoxy and the Grand Duke himself, as it was under Batu Besha (it was).” Chronicle Khan Akhmat longed to restore the complete dominance of the Horde over Russia.
Ivan III advanced his army towards the enemy. Akhmat led the Horde warriors to the Ugra River. The Russian army stood on the opposite bank, preventing the Horde from crossing the river and going to Moscow. For several months the troops stood opposite each other on the Ugra. At this time, Ivan III’s ally, the Crimean Khan Mengli-Girey, attacked the lands of the Polish-Lithuanian state, which is why its head, King Casimir IV, was unable to provide Khan Akhmat with the promised assistance. In addition, Russian detachments sent by Ivan III along the Volga attacked the territory of the Great Horde and ravaged its capital, Sarai. STANDING ON THE ELE
By the end of October, the river began to freeze and the enemy could easily cross to the other side soon. The Grand Duke ordered the withdrawal of Russian troops from the open field to Borovsk, where in winter conditions the defensive position was more advantageous. Thus ended the yoke of the Golden Horde in Rus', which lasted almost 250 years. The Khan's army was not ready for war in winter; the Horde did not have winter clothing. Akhmat thought that Ivan III had cleared the open field for a decisive battle. Frightened by a general battle, the khan hastily withdrew his troops from Russian soil.
Annexation of the Tver Principality (1485) The annexation of Novgorod and the fall of the yoke predetermined the fate of Tver, which was now surrounded on all sides by Moscow possessions. When in 1485 Ivan III went on a campaign against Tver, the Tver prince Mikhail Borisovich, without even trying to provide obviously hopeless resistance, fled to Lithuania. Tver became part of the Moscow lands.
1489 – Vyatka land became part of the MK. 1489 - seizure of land on the Ob River 1503 - many princes of the Russian regions (Vyazemsky, Odoevsky, Vorotynsky, Chernigovsky, Novgorod-Seversky) passed from Lithuania to the Moscow prince.
Ivan III's wife died, and the Grand Duke decided to marry a second time. His new wife was Sophia Paleologus, the niece of the last emperor of Byzantium, Constantine, who died from the sword of the Turkish conquerors. The marriage of the Grand Duke to the last Byzantine princess made it possible to declare Moscow the successor of Byzantium, the center of the Orthodox faith. Ivan III made the Byzantine coat of arms – a double-headed eagle – the emblem of his state, and took for himself the title “Sovereign of All Rus'”.
Exalting Moscow, Ivan III emphasized his inheritance of power from the ancient Russian princes. The Italian architect Aristotle Fioravanti erected a new Assumption Cathedral - the main temple of the Russian state. Construction of the Assumption Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin was carried out on the model of the cathedral in Vladimir.
Wanting to emphasize the increased greatness of the Moscow state, Ivan III conceives a grandiose restructuring of the Kremlin. Russian craftsmen created a residential palace for the sovereign and the Faceted Chamber for ceremonial receptions in the Kremlin.
Instead of the dilapidated walls of the Kremlin, new walls and towers made of red brick were built. The new Kremlin, built at the end of the 15th – beginning of the 16th centuries, has largely survived to this day.
Russian craftsmen built the Annunciation Cathedral and the Church of the Deposition of the Robe for the Metropolitan. The Italian architect Alois Novy built the Grand Duke's temple-tomb - the Archangel Cathedral, and the architect Bon Fryazin erected the bell tower of Ivan the Great.
JUDICIAL BOARD 1497 The “assembled” state first of all required uniform laws. Already in 1497, the Code of Laws appeared - an all-Russian code of laws. The most important innovation was the establishment of the exact date for the transfer of dependent peasants from one landowner to another - a week before and a week after St. George's Day in the fall (November 26). When leaving the master, the peasant was also obliged to pay “elderly” - payment for living on his land.
“Elderly” = 1 rub. (10 pounds of honey). This law marked the beginning of serfdom in Rus'.
Management of the Russian state in the 16th century. Boyar Duma Metropolitan Treasury Palace Governors Volosteli
Principalities = counties, administration = governors. Governors = “fed boyars” (since they received “feed” - part of the tax from the controlled territory (determined by the previous “length of service”). Localism is the right to occupy a particular position in the state depending on the nobility and official position of the ancestors . The autonomy of individual counties was preserved. The number of counties was reduced. Counties were divided into volosts and camps. Boyar Duma. 5-12 boyars, no more than 12 okolnichy (another highest rank). In addition to Moscow boyars - boyars from annexed territories. Boyar Duma had advisory functions Mandatory system. Arose at the end of the 15th century. First mention - 1512. Already 10. at the end of the 15th century - 2-3. Palace - land management body of the Grand Duke. Treasury - financial management body of the Grand Duke, state .print, archive.
Grand Duke of Moscow and All Rus' since 1505, the second son of Grand Duke Ivan III (the eldest from his second marriage to the Byzantine princess Sophia Paleologus) Vasily III. He continued his father's policies. He annexed Pskov (1510), Ryazan (1521), and finally annexed the Smolensk land (1522).
During the reign of Ivan III, the territory of the Moscow Principality increased fivefold. The Yaroslavl and Rostov principalities, the Novgorod Republic, the Tver principality, part of the Polish-Lithuanian principality, and Perm the Great were annexed to Moscow. During the reign of Ivan III, the yoke of the Golden Horde was ended. A new, powerful and independent state has emerged in eastern Europe - Russia. Over four decades, under the leadership of Ivan III, the country made an unprecedented leap in its development. Therefore, the people gave Ivan the Third the nickname the Great.
General information Vasily III Ivanovich (March 25, December 1533) Grand Duke of Vladimir and Moscow. In the agreement of 1514 with the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, for the first time in the history of Rus', he was named Tsar (Caesar).
During the reign of Vasily III, the landed nobility increased, the authorities actively limited the immunity and privileges of the boyars - the state followed the path of centralization. However, the despotic features of government, which were fully manifested already under his father Ivan III and grandfather Vasily the Dark, only intensified even more in the era of Vasily.
The reign of Vasily is the era of the construction boom in Rus', which began during the reign of his father. The Archangel Cathedral was erected in the Moscow Kremlin, and the Ascension Church was built in Kolomenskoye. At this time, stone fortifications were built in Tula, Nizhny Novgorod, Kolomna, and other cities, new settlements, fortresses, and fortresses were founded.
Foreign policy At the beginning of his reign, Vasily had to start a war with Kazan. The campaign was unsuccessful, the Russian regiments commanded by Vasily’s brother, Prince of Uglitsky Dmitry Ivanovich Zhilka, were defeated, but the Kazan people asked for peace, which was concluded in 1508. At the same time, Vasily, taking advantage of the turmoil in Lithuania after the death of Prince Alexander, put forward his candidacy for the throne of Gediminas.
In 1512 a new war with Lithuania began. On December 19, Vasily, Yuri Ivanovich and Dmitry Zhilka set out on a campaign. Smolensk was besieged, but it was not possible to take it, and the Russian army returned to Moscow in March 1513. On June 14, Vasily set out on a campaign again, but after sending the governor to Smolensk, he himself remained in Borovsk, waiting for what would happen next.
Smolensk was again besieged, and its governor, Yuri Sologub, was defeated in the open field. Only after that Vasily personally came to the troops. But this siege was also unsuccessful: the besieged managed to restore what was being destroyed. Having devastated the outskirts of the city, Vasily ordered a retreat and returned to Moscow in November.
In 1527, the attack of Islam I Giray on Moscow was repelled. Having gathered in Kolomenskoye, Russian troops took up defensive positions 20 km from the Oka. The siege of Moscow and Kolomna lasted five days, after which the Moscow army crossed the Oka and defeated the Crimean army on the Sturgeon River. The next steppe invasion was repulsed.
Death of Vasily III On the way to Volokolamsk, Vasily received a subcutaneous abscess on his left thigh. Already exhausted, the Grand Duke was taken to the village of Vorobyovo near Moscow. Realizing that he would not survive, Vasily wrote a will, called Metropolitan Daniel, several boyars and asked them to recognize his three-year-old son Ivan as heir to the throne. On December 3, 1533, having previously accepted the schema, he died of blood poisoning.
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