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Instead of the demand four months ago to retreat from Numberania, now they demanded to retreat only beyond the Neman. Napoleon quickly turned and began to walk around the room.– You say that they require me to retreat beyond the Neman to begin negotiations; but they demanded of me in exactly the same way two months ago to retreat beyond the Oder and Vistula, and, despite this, you agree to negotiate.
He silently walked from one corner of the room to the other and again stopped opposite Balashev. His face seemed to harden in its stern expression, and his left leg trembled even faster than before. Napoleon knew this trembling of his left calf. “La vibration de mon mollet gauche est un grand signe chez moi,” he said later.
“Such proposals as clearing the Oder and the Vistula can be made to the Prince of Baden, and not to me,” Napoleon almost cried out, completely unexpectedly for himself. – If you had given me St. Petersburg and Moscow, I would not have accepted these conditions. Are you saying I started the war? Who came to the army first? - Emperor Alexander, not me. And you offer me negotiations when I have spent millions, while you are in an alliance with England and when your position is bad - you offer me negotiations! What is the purpose of your alliance with England? What did she give you? - he said hastily, obviously already directing his speech not in order to express the benefits of concluding peace and discussing its possibility, but only in order to prove both his rightness and his strength, and to prove Alexander’s wrongness and mistakes.
The introduction of his speech was made, obviously, with the aim of showing the advantage of his position and showing that, despite the fact, he accepted the opening of negotiations. But he had already begun to speak, and the more he spoke, the less able he was to control his speech.
The whole purpose of his speech now, obviously, was only to exalt himself and insult Alexander, that is, to do exactly what he least wanted at the beginning of the date.
- They say you made peace with the Turks?
Balashev tilted his head affirmatively.
“The world is concluded...” he began. But Napoleon did not let him speak. He apparently needed to speak on his own, alone, and he continued to speak with that eloquence and intemperance of irritation to which spoiled people are so prone.
– Yes, I know, you made peace with the Turks without receiving Moldavia and Wallachia. And I would give these provinces to your sovereign just as I gave him Finland. Yes,” he continued, “I promised and would have given Moldavia and Wallachia to Emperor Alexander, but now he will not have these beautiful provinces. He could, however, annex them to his empire, and in one reign he would expand Russia from the Gulf of Bothnia to the mouth of the Danube. “Katherine the Great could not have done more,” said Napoleon, becoming more and more excited, walking around the room and repeating to Balashev almost the same words that he said to Alexander himself in Tilsit. “Tout cela il l"aurait du a mon amitie... Ah! quel beau regne, quel beau regne!” he repeated several times, stopped, took a gold snuff box out of his pocket and greedily sniffed from it.
Lions have been idolized since ancient times, endowing them with different characteristics. First of all, their strength and ferocity were valued, they were revered as invincible fighters. In the same Ancient Egypt, the image of a lion on flags, coats of arms and emblems symbolized the power of the pharaohs. It is known that these animals never attack without reason unless there is a threat to their life. However, the king of beasts can be aggressive, defending his right to prey, a female, or pride territory.
Prides
Pride is a family group. Leos prefer group life and are rarely alone. The group size of these predators is not always the same. It ranges from four to forty individuals. Of the entire cat family, only lions live and hunt in groups. A pride of lions usually includes several females with cubs, young males and only one leader. Moreover, the head of the pack is not always the strongest or largest male. But the entire pride of lions recognizes his authority and obeys him. Sometimes the leader kicks young males out of the group. They can later join another group or create their own pride.
How does the life of a pride of lions work?
These animals are very sociable, and often a group can reach a size of forty individuals. The basis of any such team are lionesses. They raise their offspring under the protection of the entire pride. What is noteworthy is that lion cubs can suck milk not only from their mother, but also from any other female who has recently given birth to cubs. Lionesses raise their offspring together and do not divide the cubs into their own and those of others.
All members of the pride are very attached to each other and often show tender feelings, which are expressed in licking each other or rubbing their cheeks when they meet. As in any family, there are some small skirmishes, but they are mainly due to the division of spoils.
Power in prides
Any pride of lions, a photo of which can be seen in this article, has only one leader, who has all the power. This is an adult male that dominates the pack. He has the right to be the first to mate with the lionesses and begin to eat the prey. But the leader also has his own responsibilities - to look after the cubs while their mothers are hunting, to protect the flock from strangers and any dangers.
A pride of lions usually contains no more than three adult males, since young predators, growing up, can begin to challenge dominance. If they lose, they are expelled from the pride. For some time they lead a solitary life, and then create their own family group or join another pack.
How do lions hunt?
Lions hunt in groups, pursuing one chosen victim together. They can develop high speed only over short distances. They prefer to stalk prey and get as close to it as possible. Moreover, it is mainly females who hunt. This is explained by the fact that lionesses are less noticeable than males and are more agile, so the likelihood of catching prey increases several times.
Often females surround the herd from different sides and pounce on the nearest animal. Lionesses try to attack with one powerful leap, breaking cervical vertebrae with their jaws or strangling the victim. For small animals, one fatal blow with a paw is enough. Females provide food for the entire pride of lions, so their main prey is large ungulates (buffalos, zebras, antelopes, etc.). Males usually do not take part in the hunt, except in rare cases when a very large prey is caught. Often lions prefer to remove sick and weak animals or cubs from the herd. Such prey is easier to handle and hunting does not take much effort and time.
Mating season for lions
A lion courting a female is very attentive to her. The mating season begins with the lioness's heat. Until the female becomes pregnant, this period is repeated every 3 weeks. The resulting pair leaves the pride of lions for about five days to a week, going to a secluded place. At this time they are inseparable and are close all the time. Sometimes the “honeymoon” lasts even more than two weeks.
Mating occurs several times a day. A lion can copulate 70 times in 24 hours. The recovery period between matings averages twenty minutes. Usually everything happens quietly and quickly, except for cases when the male begins to growl in ecstasy and pats the lioness by the scruff of the neck. At this time, the lion can sometimes miscalculate his bite force and, in a moment of passion, accidentally kill his girlfriend.
Pride territory
The territory in which a group of any animals lives is almost always marked by them. Lions do the same. A pride of lions sprays the borders of its territory with secretions from the anal glands, accompanying this action with a loud roar. This is done to protect the females of the pack and to legitimize the area in which they will hunt. But, nevertheless, lions do not patrol established borders very vigilantly.
If there is little prey in the territory, then the pride’s possessions can be expanded to 15 km in all directions. And vice versa, if there is enough food for the flock in a smaller area, then the boundaries are reduced. Young males can only conquer pride territory by force. And lionesses will not allow a strange female into their flock if she tries to join their group.
Pride
Pride(English) Pride) - a family pack of lions and primates.
Lions are carnivorous mammals and live in family groups - prides.
A pride consists of one or more adult males (usually no more than 3), several mature females (a harem of females) and their cubs (lion cubs of both sexes). The size of a pride can reach 30-40 animals. Prides are always dominated by lions - alpha males. The functions of males include only reproduction and defense of the territory, including from other males. Hunting and raising (training) cubs is carried out mainly by lionesses. All lionesses are related to each other. Young males upon reaching puberty are expelled from the pride. Females leave the pride very rarely.
The hierarchy in the pride is weakly expressed; when there is little prey, the male eats first; usually, he allows the cubs to eat with him. Equality reigns among lionesses, while lactating lionesses also feed other people's cubs. When hunting, lionesses work together, which allows them to catch even very large animals weighing about a ton. Since the pride constantly moves around the territory it occupies, pregnant lionesses leave it before giving birth to find shelter and return to the pride after one and a half to two months.
The pride protects aged and sick lionesses for a long time, for example, if a lioness cannot hunt due to injuries received during a hunt, then she is allowed to eat.
Lion cubs in a pride are usually the children of the dominant male at the moment. If a male is driven out by a stronger competitor, the new leader seeks to destroy the living kittens in order to persuade the females to mate again.
A hunting area controlled by a pride can cover an area of several tens of square meters. km.
Notes
see also
Links
- A social lifestyle increases the stability of the predator-prey system
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
See what “Pride” is in other dictionaries:
PRIDE- (English pride), a small but stable group of lions (6 12 individuals), consisting of several related females with their offspring and males who live and hunt together. A pride is usually led by one large male leader. Ecological... ... Ecological dictionary
- (English pride), a stable group of individuals in a lion population of 6 12, occasionally 20 or more individuals. Usually P. consists of several. kinship females with their offspring and one large male leading the P.; often there are 2-3 males in P. .(Source:… … Biological encyclopedic dictionary
Noun, number of synonyms: 2 brotherhood (20) pack of lions (1) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary
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- (English WorldPride) an event organized by the international association InterPride that helps gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transgender people draw the attention of the international community to their problems through parades, festivals and other... ... Wikipedia
Moscow gay parade in 2010. Gay pride, a gay parade is an event whose task is to demonstrate the existence of LGBT people in society (lesbians, gays, bisexuals and... Wikipedia
Books
- Pride. Ghost Ring, Prokofieva Sofya Leonidovna, Popovich Oleg. Love that can change reality. Jealousy, lies and their natural complement are the product of evil. The "otherworldly" world, which, usually remaining hidden, nevertheless, through countless...
"In fact, lions very rarely start fights with other animals first and almost never fight among themselves. Even during heat, trying to get an answer to their feelings, they never fight with rivals. Instead of a quarrel, they leave the right of final choice to the lioness, and the rejected “groom” can go for a walk on the savannah, waiting for his turn, or try to find another girlfriend for himself, because by their nature, lions are supporters of polygamous relationships and, as a rule, the lioness does not mind “twist love” with several partners at once, whom she pleases in turn. And the lion may well start his own harem, or share another lioness with a rival. Therefore, it is not surprising that in nature there are groups of four lions and two lionesses or one lion and three lionesses, and in fact there can be many such combinations. Often, 2 lions born in the same year can have a deep friendship and they live and hunt together for a long time. Cases of great affection between a lioness and a lion have also been observed" (L. Kotlow)
As a rule, young lions leave their family (pride) by the age of two and a half years, so as not to fight for primacy. They live and hunt alone for about two to three years, or in small teams (no more than seven lions). And since sooner or later the lion needs to return to its pride, it is much easier to capture and then defend with a team.
The pride exercises control over the area in which it hunts and tries to expel other prides from it. The leader must mark the pride's territory using urine and discharge from the anal gland. And every lion that approaches this place understands perfectly where someone else’s territory begins.
Lonely young lions are not responsible for cubs and protecting the territory, because of this their food is much better, and in the end they win a territory for themselves on which one or several prides of lionesses can feed. First of all, when a pride is captured, all the cubs are destroyed and the lionesses cannot do anything to oppose this, and only babies over a year old can be saved. A lioness, whose cubs have all been killed, begins to come into heat in two to three weeks and after a while she will begin to give birth to a new leader. Killing other people's children is a necessity, otherwise you will have to wait about two years to have your own offspring, and this despite the fact that the leader of the lion family (pride) changes every two to four years, so the likelihood that he will have time to raise his own children is almost equals zero.
"... our car almost hit a pride of several lions who were relaxing in the sun. All of them - a lion cub, three lionesses and a lion - looked at us carefully, but did not even think about getting away from this place... Although the lions saw the car approaching, it seemed to not bother them at all... Five meters from the flock, we slowed down. The lions still lay lazily and looked at us detachedly - all except for the cub, who bared his teeth and growled loudly at the car. The adult lions did not seem to be at all interested in us; they lowered their raised muzzles, and one of the lionesses even closed her eyelids and seemed to doze off. Her companion was positioned a little further away and seemed unable to see us. She stood up and slowly walked towards us, although without looking in our direction. However, the lioness passed very close to us and did not seem to pay any attention to us. Having perked up, I asked the driver to drive up close to the lions’ camp.
We stood about a meter away from the nearest animal. I wanted to take a few shots and, lowering the window, pointed the movie camera directly at the lioness. There was a barely audible buzzing sound and she raised her head again and, squinting a little, looked at me in surprise. Her gaze was full of friendliness and calmness, although some confusion could be seen in it, and it seemed to me that the cat smiled slightly at me. I had a desire to take a few photos, I took out a “watering can” and photographed this luxurious animal. In the end, apparently she got tired of us and she got up and headed towards the nearest bushes, and the rest slowly trotted after her. Their whole appearance expressed complete indifference and contempt for us." (L. Kotlow)
An article about the Pride company and its Breakthrough application.
In this article I tried to provide the most complete information on the Breakthrough application from Pride International and talk about its main games.
Sit back and read the post to the very end.
Lately, I have begun to search and process more information about waking up early, increasing energy levels, productivity, and forming new strong habits.
Among other amounts of information that I came across, my special attention was drawn to the Breakthrough application. This was partly due to the fact that for a long time, thanks to social networks and Youtube, I followed the activities of Artem Nesterenko, who is the founder of Pride International. And this company is directly related to the Breakthrough application - it is its official developer.
Therefore, I personally decided to try the Breakthrough application and this is what came out of it.
What is Pride International?
Before I talk about the Breakthrough application, I’ll briefly tell you the main points about the Pride International company that I managed to find out.
The founder of Pride International is Artem Nesterenko, whom I wrote about in the article about (number 9).
Games of the "Breakthrough" application
I will provide brief information about the games that are currently available to users of the Breakthrough application.
By the way, their number is constantly growing: when I first paid for an annual subscription (in October 2017), there were only three games. And after a month and a half, there are already eight such educational training games.
How is the process organized?
Every morning of a new day, a small training video lasting 10-20 minutes appears in each game. Sometimes it's a little more. It reveals one question, and also formulates the task for the current day.
The next day a new video appears, and access to the old one is terminated. This greatly encourages you to work through useful content and complete tasks every day without delay. Throughout the day, the task must be completed and reported by writing a short post with a video or photo attached if necessary.
In each game, you have an accountability partner - a randomly determined participant who helps you reach the final, just as you help him.
Game "Wake up productive"
At any stage of life, we think about changing something in ourselves: forming new habits, giving up bad ones, starting to exercise, eating healthy food, drinking more water. But often, having made the decision to take on the task of improving life, setting a high bar for ourselves and designating the coming Monday for this, at the stage of implementing our plans, we negotiate with ourselves, lower the demands on ourselves and deviate from our plans.
The “Wake Up Productive” game allows all participants to compete with each other to achieve new skills, create the right daily routine, change their diet, start playing sports, improve their way of thinking, learn to wake up productive every morning and increase their energy levels. The training includes tasks on psychology, physiology, time management, and develops the skill of achieving goals.
The game is led directly by Artem Nesterenko. Duration - 100 days. This period was not chosen by chance - during this period you can form new habits and make significant positive changes in your life.
I’ll open the curtain a little and tell you about the most interesting topics and tasks of the first 20 days of the training:
- Analyze and clean your environment, home, workspaces, devices and social circle.
- Add new things to your life: during the day it was necessary to do familiar things in a new way at least five times.
- Formulate 100 goals that you want to achieve in your life.
- A technique for making firm decisions that cannot be negotiated.T
- Practice saying NO.
- A technique of focused work called "masking".
- A technique for increasing your energy throughout the day.
- Get up every day before 6 am, do morning exercises, walk (jog), drink 2 liters of water a day, eat a healthy breakfast.
- Day planning technique.
Game "Formula for Happy Relationships"
This is a sixty-day marathon to create a loving, trusting relationship with your soulmate. At the same time, it has absolutely no bearing on whether you are married or just planning to create a relationship - this game teaches how to create and preserve love in the family, to add heat and fire to relationships that for some reason have faded a little.
The author and host of this game is Alex Olimskoy, a well-known expert, trainer, coach, specialist in the field of personal growth, relationships and business. Over 9 years of work, more than 45,000 people were trained by him. Author of two training companies and a consulting agency.
In this game, the gameplay is organized in such a way that three times a week a video block with educational information appears, where Alex shares his secrets and techniques for creating loving relationships. In this case, tasks are formulated for each day.
What main questions are included in the content part of this training?:
- Mission and purpose of men and women
- How the brains of men and women are structured. How to understand, hear and accept each other.
- Quarrels: how to enter and exit a quarrel
- Man, woman and money
- Raising children
- What routine actions and habits are killing our relationships?
- What and how to do so that relationships always burn
In addition to training, every day you will have to go and implement the information received in life. There are special tasks for each day over the next sixty days. This could be as simple as watching a movie and drawing conclusions, writing down your thoughts and understandings from the information you listened to, or maybe for a certain period of time every day giving at least 5 compliments to the opposite sex, smiling all day and observing your reaction. and those around and others.
The content that Alex Olimskaya gives is very interesting, often filled with humor, interesting metaphors for the interaction between a man and a woman (“sailor and island”, “green robe” in relationships, and others), as well as deep observations in understanding female and male psychology.
Game "Body to Action"
A hundred-day marathon game from Denis Minin dedicated to a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, Street Workout, and an active lifestyle. As Denis himself says, in this training we pump not only our biceps, but also our brains.
What is this game about?:
- Improve your health
- Lose weight or gain muscle mass
- Issues of complementary medicine and valeology
- Learn to cook tasty and healthy food
- Become an eternally positive and athletic person
- Stop being nervous and learn to keep up
Denis Minin is a famous Ukrainian athlete, popularizer of Street Workout and a healthy lifestyle. During the period 2015-2017, Denis visited 28 countries and organized more than 1000 events
I will update information about the game as it progresses.
Other games
In addition, the Breakthrough application offers games:
- « How to raise a successful child"- 25-day training on the formation of positive attitudes in a child, as well as relationships between parents and children.
- « I'm a netwalker» — 30-day training on building harmonious relationships.
- « Pro Money"- a 35-day marathon to increase your income.
- "Turbo English"— 30 days for a breakthrough in learning English.
- « Man Magnet» – training on the development of charisma and communication skills.
- « Cryptocurrency. Global trend» — 31-day training about Bitcoin, how cryptocurrencies work, what mining is, how not to fall into pseudo-cryptocurrencies, blockchain.
- « Balancing mind and body through Pilates“—30 days of practice to improve your physical performance in a comprehensive manner, improve the state of your musculoskeletal system and master the skill of managing your mind.
- « Marfon Sales Master“- learning how to win beautifully and professionally in any situation in negotiations.
- « Wake up the beauty"- 31-day training for women to reassess their personal data, master the skills to emphasize their strengths, and develop self-expression skills.
And this is not even a complete list!
Conclusions and my reviews about the Breakthrough application
Based on the results of active daily work (play) with the Breakthrough application from Pride International, I can draw the following conclusions about it:
- The Breakthrough application is a product that has a clear target audience - people who want to change their lives, want to develop every day and achieve great results in a variety of areas of life. Therefore, this application is absolutely not suitable for negatively-minded people, “sofa guards”, skeptics, people who already know everything or have already achieved everything they wanted. But at the same time, it is more suitable than ever for those who understand that it is necessary to change today and now.
- Combining elements of educational programs and computer games in one application makes learning very interesting. Every morning I wake up with anticipation to find out what the task will be for the day, what will be discussed in the next game day. During my thirty-minute run, I listen to the theory portion of each training program.
- Another important advantage of the Breakthrough application is that training is carried out daily over long periods of time and is based not only on gaining knowledge, but also on its direct application in daily life. Completing practical tasks over long periods of time allows you to break out of your usual routine, form new skills and habits, and experience real changes in yourself and in your life. As for me, after listening to the training block, I plan the time to complete the task for the day. In most cases, these tasks are simple and understandable, organically woven into daily activities, without requiring a significant investment of time. But sometimes you have to change your usual behavior and get out of your comfort zone.
How to connect to the Breakthrough application?
To become a participant in this movement, you need to go through a simple registration on the Pride website.
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