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The creation of the CIS The CIS was founded by the heads of the BSSR, RSFSR and Ukrainian SSR by signing on December 8, 1991 in Viskuli near Brest (Belarus) the Agreement on the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (known in the media as the Belovezhskaya Agreement).

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The document, which consisted of a Preamble and 14 articles, stated that the USSR ceased to exist as a subject of international law and geopolitical reality. However, based on the historical community of peoples, the ties between them, taking into account bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law state, the intention to develop their relations on the basis of mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the parties agreed on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States

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Member states of the organization According to the current Charter of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the founding states of the organization are those states that, at the time of adoption of the Charter, signed and ratified the Agreement on the Creation of the CIS of December 8, 1991 and the Protocol to this Agreement of December 21, 1991. The member states of the Commonwealth are those founding states that assumed the obligations arising from the Charter within 1 year after its adoption by the Council of Heads of State.

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To join the organization, a potential member must share the goals and principles of the CIS, accepting the obligations contained in the Charter, and also obtain the consent of all member states. In addition, the Charter provides for categories of associate members (these are states participating in certain types of activities of the organization, on the terms determined by the agreement on associate membership) and observers (these are states whose representatives may attend meetings of Commonwealth bodies by decision of the Council of Heads of State).

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The goals of the CIS organization are based on the principles of sovereign equality of all its members, therefore all member states are independent subjects of international law. The Commonwealth is not a state and does not have supranational powers. The main goals of the organization are: cooperation in political, economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural and other fields; comprehensive development of the member states within the framework of a common economic space, interstate cooperation and integration; ensuring human rights and freedoms; cooperation in ensuring international peace and security, achieving general and complete disarmament; mutual legal assistance; peaceful resolution of disputes and conflicts between states of the organization

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The areas of joint activity of the member states include: ensuring human rights and fundamental freedoms; coordination of foreign policy activities; cooperation in the formation and development of a common economic space and customs policy; cooperation in the development of transport and communication systems; health and environmental protection; issues of social and migration policy; fight against organized crime; cooperation in the field of defense policy and protection of external borders.

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Bodies of the CIS The highest body of the organization is the Council of Heads of State of the CIS, in which all member states are represented and which discusses and resolves fundamental issues related to the activities of the organization. The Council of Heads of State meets twice a year. The Council of Heads of Government of the CIS coordinates cooperation between the executive authorities of member states in economic, social and other areas of common interests. Meets four times a year. All decisions, both in the Council of Heads of State and in the Council of Heads of Government, are made on the basis of consensus. The heads of these two CIS bodies preside alternately in the order of the Russian alphabet of the names of the member states of the Commonwealth.

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Russia and the CIS In July 2004, at a meeting of the Security Council of the Russian Federation dedicated to Russia’s policy in the CIS, Vladimir Putin, who was president at that time, admitted: “We have reached a certain milestone in the development of the CIS. Either we will achieve a qualitative strengthening of the CIS, create on its basis a really working, globally influential regional structure, or we will inevitably face the “erosion” of this geopolitical space and, as a consequence, a final decline in interest in working in the Commonwealth among its member states.”

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In March 2005, after the Russian leadership suffered a number of tangible political failures in relations with the former republics of the USSR (Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova), and in the midst of the power crisis in Kyrgyzstan, Vladimir Putin spoke out more categorically: “All disappointments come from excess of expectations... If anyone expected any special achievements from the CIS in the economy, politics or military sphere, naturally, this did not happen, since it could not have happened.

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The goals were programmed the same, but in reality the process after the collapse of the USSR took place differently...” As Putin put it, the CIS was created for a “civilized divorce” of post-Soviet countries, and everything else is “political fluff and chatter.” The real integration tools, in his opinion, are now such associations as the EurAsEC and the newly created Common Economic Space (CES). As for the CIS, it, according to Putin, plays the role of “a very useful club for identifying the views of state leaders on existing problems of a humanitarian and economic nature.”

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In connection with the increase in centrifugal processes in the CIS, in recent years the question of the need for its reform has been repeatedly raised. At the same time, there is no consensus on the possible directions of this process. In July 2006, at an informal summit of heads of state of the Commonwealth, President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev proposed his own option - he believes that the CIS should focus on the following areas of cooperation: coordinated migration policy, development of unified transport communications, interaction in the scientific-educational and cultural-humanitarian spheres, cooperation with combating cross-border crime.

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As some media noted, in 2006, skepticism regarding the viability and effectiveness of the CIS was also associated with trade wars between Russia, on the one hand, and Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, on the other, but especially with the sharp deterioration of relations between Russia and Georgia (see Russian-Georgian spy scandal (2006)). Recent events, according to some observers, have put the CIS on the brink of survival, since Russian sanctions against a country that is part of the CIS turned out to be unprecedented.

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After Russia switched to market prices for gas supplied to its CIS partners, the Commonwealth lost one of the unifying factors - low prices for gas and oil. At the same time, throughout 2006, the Russian leadership made efforts to form, on the basis of the CIS, a kind of union of states connected by a system of oil and gas pipelines and recognizing the leading and key role of Russia as a monopoly supplier of energy resources to Europe from the entire post-Soviet space. Neighboring states in this structure should play the role of either suppliers of their gas to Russian pipelines (Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan) or transit countries (Ukraine, Belarus). The key to an energy union was to be the sale or exchange of energy and energy transportation assets.

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Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS The IPA includes members of the parliaments of the CIS member countries - Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Armenia (since 1995), Azerbaijan, Moldova, Georgia (since 1997), Ukraine (since 1999). Parties represented (the list needs clarification): United Russia, A Just Russia, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Rodina, People's Bloc of Litvin, Party of Regions, Communist Party of Ukraine, Batkivshchyna, Nur-Otan, United Azerbaijan, People's Party of Armenia , Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, Party of Regions, Our Ukraine, LDPU, PDP, Adalet. The Chairman of the Assembly is Sergei Mironov, Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Place of residence - St. Petersburg.

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Interesting facts Any state, a member of the CIS, has the right to leave the organization at any time and at its own discretion. The CIS did not succeed as a union state. De facto, the so-called “CIS Institute” is nothing more than a group of agreements on predominantly bilateral cooperation in various areas between the Russian Federation and some former republics of the USSR.

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Presentation on the topic: Commonwealth of Independent States

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CIS stands for Commonwealth of Independent States, which was formed on December 8, 1991 in the Belarusian capital of Minsk. Initially, the CIS included the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Ukraine and Belarus. The CIS is an association by mutual agreement of countries of independent states to provide mutual support in various fields. The CIS is an existing mechanism, which, despite all its shortcomings, is useful and necessary. The CIS is based on the principles of sovereign equality of all its members, therefore, all states - members are independent subjects of international law. The Commonwealth is not a state and does not have supranational powers.

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The main goals of the organization are: cooperation in political, economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural and other fields; comprehensive development of the member states within the framework of a common economic space, interstate cooperation and integration; ensuring human rights and freedoms; cooperation in ensuring international peace and security, achieving general and complete disarmament; mutual legal assistance; peaceful resolution of disputes and conflicts between the states of the organization. Areas of joint activity of member states include: ensuring human rights and fundamental freedoms; coordination of foreign policy activities; cooperation in the formation and development of a common economic space and customs policy; cooperation in the development of transport and communication systems; health and environmental protection; issues of social and migration policy; fight against organized crime; cooperation in the field of defense policy and protection of external borders.

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Governing bodies of the CIS The interaction of countries within the Commonwealth of Independent States is carried out through its coordinating institutions: the Council of Heads of State, the Council of Heads of Government, the Interparliamentary Assembly, the Executive Committee, etc. The Council of Heads of State The Council of Heads of State, as the highest body of the Commonwealth, discusses and resolves any fundamental issues of the Commonwealth, related to the common interests of the participating states. The Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth at its meetings makes decisions regarding: amendments to the CIS Charter; creation of new or abolition of existing bodies of the Commonwealth; optimization of the CIS structure; improving the activities of Commonwealth bodies; hearing reports on the activities of CIS bodies; appointment (approval) of heads of bodies falling within its competence; delegation of powers to lower authorities; approval of regulations on CIS bodies within its competence. The Council of Heads of State meets twice a year. Its extraordinary meetings may be convened at the initiative of one of the member states. Decisions of the Council of Heads of State and the Council of Heads of Government are made by general agreement - consensus. Any state can declare its disinterest in a particular issue, which should not be considered as an obstacle to making a decision.

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Council of Heads of GovernmentThe Council of Heads of Government of the CIS coordinates cooperation between executive authorities in economic, social and other areas of common interests of the CIS member countries. The Council of Heads of Government of the Commonwealth resolves the issues of: implementing the instructions of the Council of Heads of State given to the Council of Heads of Government; implementation of the provisions set out in the Treaty establishing the Economic Union, as well as the practical functioning of the free trade zone; adoption of joint programs for the development of industry, agriculture and other sectors of the economy and their financing; development of transport systems, communications, energy systems, cooperation in matters of tariff, credit, financial and tax policy; development of mechanisms aimed at creating a scientific and technological space; creation of Commonwealth bodies within its competence; appointments (approvals) of heads of Commonwealth bodies within its competence; financial support for the activities of Commonwealth bodies. The Council of Heads of Government meets four times a year; extraordinary meetings can be convened at the initiative of the government of one of the member states. Council of Ministers of Foreign AffairsThe Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CMFA) was created by the Decision of the Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth of September 24, 1993 to coordinate foreign policy activities.

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The territory of the Russian Federation is 17075.4 thousand square kilometers, the population as of 08/01/2004 is 143 million 700 thousand people. Moscow is the capital of Russia. In accordance with the Constitution adopted on December 12, 1993, the Russian Federation - Russia - is a democratic federal legal state with a republican form of government. The Russian Federation consists of republics, territories, regions, cities of federal subordination, autonomous regions, autonomous districts - equal subjects of the Russian Federation. State power in the Russian Federation is exercised by the President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly, and the Government of the Russian Federation. State power in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is exercised by the state authorities formed by them. The President of the Russian Federation is the head of state and is elected for four years. The Federal Assembly is the parliament of Russia, is a representative and legislative body, consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and the State Duma. The Federation Council includes two representatives from each subject of the Russian Federation, one each from the representative and executive bodies of state power. The State Duma consists of 450 deputies elected for four years. Executive power is exercised by the Government of the Russian Federation. In the capital of the Russian Federation, Moscow, there are located the Branch of the CIS Executive Committee, the Commission on Economic Issues under the CIS Economic Council, the Council of Defense Ministers, the Headquarters for the Coordination of Military Cooperation of the CIS Member States, the Anti-Terrorism Center of the CIS Member States, a number of sectoral and permanent working bodies of the Commonwealth . The President of the Russian Federation is Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev.

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Republic of Kazakhstan Territory of the state – 2724.9 thousand sq. km. The population as of January 1, 2003 is 14 million 825.7 thousand people. On September 15, 1995, a Presidential decree was adopted on the transfer of the capital of Kazakhstan from the city of Almaty to the city of Akmola (now Astana), located in the geographical center of the Republic. The Republic of Kazakhstan, according to the Constitution adopted in a referendum on August 30, 1995, is a unitary state with a presidential form of government. It asserts itself as a democratic, secular, legal and social state. The names "Republic of Kazakhstan" and "Kazakhstan" are equivalent. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the head of state, its highest official, and is elected for a term of seven years. The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan is Nazarbayev Nursultan Abishevich

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Republic of Azerbaijan The Republic of Azerbaijan occupies the south-eastern part of the Caucasian Isthmus and covers an area of ​​over 86.6 thousand square meters. km. The population of the Azerbaijan Republic as of May 1, 2004 is 8 million 289 thousand people. The capital is the city of Baku. Azerbaijan includes the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic. According to the Constitution adopted on November 12, 1995, the Azerbaijani state is a democratic, legal, secular, unitary republic with a presidential form of government. The head of state is the President, and he also has executive power. The President is elected for a term of 5 years. Legislative power is exercised by the Milli Majlis, elected for 5 years. The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan is Ilham Heydarovich Aliyev.

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The territory of the state is about 200 thousand sq. km. The population as of January 1, 2003 is 5 million 012.5 thousand people. The capital of the state is the city of Bishkek. The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan), according to the Constitution adopted on May 5, 1993, is a sovereign, unitary, democratic republic, built on the principles of a legal, secular state. On February 2, 2003, a referendum took place. By a majority of votes, President A. Akaev approved and signed Law No. 40 of February 18, 2003 “On the new edition of the Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic.” The President is the head of state. He is elected for a term of five years. Parliament, the Jogorku Kenesh, is the permanent highest representative body. The Jogorku Kenesh exercises legislative power, as well as control functions. It is elected for five years. Executive power in Kyrgyzstan is exercised by the Government, subordinate ministries, state committees, administrative departments, other executive authorities and local state administration.

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Turkmenistan Territory of Turkmenistan – 488.1 thousand square meters. km. The population as of May 1, 2004 is 6 million 385.7 thousand people. The capital is the city of Ashgabat. Turkmenistan was declared an independent state in October 1991 as a result of a popular referendum. According to the Constitution adopted on May 18, 1992, Turkmenistan is a democratic legal and secular state. Government is carried out in the form of a presidential republic. The President is the head of state and executive power, the highest official of Turkmenistan. The highest representative body of people's power is the Khalk Maslakhaty (People's Council) of Turkmenistan. The Mejlis (parliament) is the legislative body of Turkmenistan. The Cabinet of Ministers is an executive and administrative body. The Cabinet of Ministers is headed by the President. The President of Turkmenistan is Berdimuhamedov Gurbanguly Myalikgulyevich.

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Republic of Uzbekistan Territory of the state – 447.4 thousand square meters. km. The population as of January 1, 2001 is 24 million 916.4 thousand people. The capital of Uzbekistan, the city of Tashkent, is one of the largest cities in the east. In accordance with the Constitution adopted on December 8, 1992, Uzbekistan is a sovereign democratic republic. The highest state representative body is the Oliy Majlis, which exercises legislative power. The Oliy Majlis is elected for 5 years. The President is the head of state and executive power, at the same time the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers. The president is elected for a term of five years. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is Islam Abduganievich Karimov.

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Republic of Armenia The Republic of Armenia occupies an area of ​​29.8 thousand square meters. km, the population as of 01/01/2003 is 3 million 210.8 thousand people. The capital of Armenia is the city of Yerevan. According to the Constitution adopted on July 5, 1995, the Republic of Armenia is a sovereign democratic, social, legal state. The legislative body of the Republic of Armenia is the National Assembly, consisting of 131 deputies. The term of office of the National Assembly is 4 years. The head of state and executive power is the President, elected for a five-year term. Executive power is exercised by the Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and ministers. The President of the Republic of Armenia is Serzh Azatovich Sargsyan.

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The territory of the state is 207.6 thousand sq. km. The population as of June 30, 2003 is 9 million 904 thousand 700 people. The Republic of Belarus is a unitary democratic social and legal state. According to the form of government, Belarus is a presidential republic. The Constitution of 1994 with amendments and additions adopted by the people at the Referendum on November 24, 1996 is in force on its territory. Public administration is based on the principle of separation of powers: legislative, executive and judicial. The highest representative permanent legislative body is the Parliament - the National Assembly, which consists of two chambers - the House of Representatives and the Council of the Republic. The term of office of Parliament is four years. The composition of the House of Representatives is 110 deputies. The election of deputies of the House of Representatives is carried out in accordance with the law on the basis of universal, free, equal, direct suffrage by secret ballot. The Council of the Republic is the chamber of territorial representation. From each region and the city of Minsk, eight members of the Council of the Republic are elected by secret ballot at meetings of deputies of local Councils of Deputies of the basic level of each region and the city of Minsk. Eight members of the Council of the Republic are appointed by the President. The President of the Republic is the head of state, the guarantor of the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. The President is elected for a term of 5 years directly by the people of the Republic of Belarus. Executive power in the Republic of Belarus is exercised by the Government - the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus - the central body of State Administration. The capital of the Republic of Belarus, the city of Minsk, is the official seat of the coordinating bodies of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The CIS Executive Committee, the Economic Court of the Commonwealth and a number of industry bodies of the Commonwealth are located here. The President of the Republic of Belarus is Alexander Grigorievich Lukashenko.

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Republic of Moldova State territory – 33.7 thousand sq. km. The population as of January 1, 2003 is 3 million 618.5 thousand people. The capital of Moldova is the city of Chisinau. In accordance with the Constitution adopted on July 29, 1994, the Republic of Moldova is a sovereign and independent, united and indivisible state. On July 27, 2000, the law introducing a parliamentary form of government in the Republic of Moldova came into force. In accordance with the amendments to the Constitution, a parliamentary form of government was introduced in the country. The president remains the head of state, but he retains mainly representative functions. The President, in particular, is deprived of the right to initiate the procedure for amending the Constitution and the right to appoint judges of the Constitutional Court. The law provides for the election of the President in parliament. On September 17, 2009, the Constitutional Court of Moldova officially recognized the interim performance of the duties of President of the Republic of Moldova by the Chairman of the Parliament, Mihail Ghimpu.

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Republic of Tajikistan The territory of the republic is 143.1 thousand square meters. km, its population as of January 1, 2003 was 6 million 463.8 thousand people. The capital is the city of Dushanbe. According to the Constitution, adopted on November 6, 1994, the Republic of Tajikistan is a sovereign democratic legal secular unitary state. The highest representative and legislative body of the Republic of Tajikistan is the Majlisi Oli-parliament of the republic, which is elected for a period of five years. In November 1994, the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, who is the head of state and executive power (Government), was elected by direct vote for a term of five years. He was re-elected on November 6, 1999, for a seven-year term. The President of the Republic of Tajikistan is EMOMOLI RAHMON

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Ukraine State territory – 603.7 thousand square meters. km. The population as of June 1, 2004 is 47 million 465 thousand people. The capital of Ukraine is the city of Kyiv. Ukraine is a unitary state in which there is a single citizenship. The right to determine and change the constitutional system in Ukraine belongs exclusively to the people and cannot be usurped by the state, its bodies, and officials. State power in Ukraine is exercised according to the principle of its division into legislative, executive and judicial. The head of state in Ukraine is the President. He acts on behalf of the state and is the guarantor of state sovereignty, territorial integrity of Ukraine, compliance with the Constitution, human and civil rights and freedoms. The President of Ukraine is elected on the basis of general, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for a period of 5 years. The only legislative body in Ukraine is the parliament - the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, consisting of 450 people's deputies elected for 4 years. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine is the highest body in the executive power system. He is responsible to the President and is controlled and accountable to the Verkhovna Rada within the limits provided for by the relevant articles of the Constitution.

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Class hour "CIS"

COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES

COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES (CIS),
community of former republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Formed in accordance with the agreement signed on December 8, 1991 in Viskuli (the seat of the government of Belarus) by the leaders of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, as well as with the protocol to the said agreement, which was signed on December 21, 1991 in Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan) by the leaders of 11 -ty republics of the former USSR: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan), Moldova (Moldova), Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine. In December 1993, Georgia joined the CIS. Of the former republics of the USSR, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia were not included in the CIS. In August 2005, Turkmenistan ceased permanent membership and is currently an associate member of the CIS.

According to the CIS Charter (approved by the heads of member states in January 1993), the Commonwealth is not a state and does not have supranational powers. It is based on the principles of sovereign equality of all its members, each of which is an independent and equal subject of international law.

The building of the CIS Executive Committee in Minsk

Commonwealth goals:

– implementation of cooperation between member states in political, economic, legal, cultural, environmental, humanitarian and other fields, cooperation in ensuring international peace and security, as well as achieving disarmament;
– creation of a common economic space, ensuring interstate cooperation and integration in the interests of comprehensive and balanced economic and social development of the member states;
– mutual assistance in order to create peaceful living conditions for peoples, ensuring collective security;
– peaceful resolution of disputes and conflicts between participating countries;
– assistance to citizens of member states in free communication, contacts and movement throughout the territory of countries that are members of the Commonwealth.
Relations between the CIS member states are based on the principles of respect for the sovereignty, self-determination and territorial integrity of countries and non-interference in their foreign policy and internal affairs, the inviolability of existing borders, the non-use of force and the resolution of disputes by peaceful means, as well as the supremacy of international law.

Statutory bodies of the CIS:
Council of Heads of State;
Council of Heads of Government;
Council of Foreign Ministers;
Council of Defense Ministers;
Council of Commanders of Border Troops;
Interparliamentary
Assembly;
Economic court.

Executive bodies of the CIS:
Economic Council;
Council of Permanent Plenipotentiary Representatives of the Commonwealth member states to the statutory and other bodies of the Commonwealth;
Executive
Committee.

CIS industry cooperation bodies:
Anti-Terrorism Center;
Interstate Bank;
Interstate Statistical Committee;
Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification;
Interstate Council for Natural and Technogenic Emergencies;
Interstate Council on Antimonopoly Policy;
Advisory Council on Labor, Migration and Social Protection of the Population;
Coordination Council of the CIS Member States on Informatization under the Regional Commonwealth in the Field of Communications;
Electricity Board;
Interstate Council on Aviation and Airspace Use;
Council of Heads of Statistical Services of the Commonwealth Member States;
Council of Heads of Customs Services of the Commonwealth Member States;
and etc.

In the adopted declaration, the participants of the Commonwealth stated
about their interaction on the basis of sovereign equality.

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Territory - 22.1 million sq. km.
The permanent population as of January 1, 2010 is 277 million people1)
Population density is 13 people per 1 sq. km.
Share in total population:
Urban - 67%
Rural - 33%
Men - 47%
Women - 53%CIS

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CIS countries:

Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine

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Share in total population:
Urban - 67%
Rural - 33%
Men - 47%
Women - 53%

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The longest rivers, km.
Lena - 4400
Ob - 3650
Volga - 3531
Yenisei - 3487
The largest lakes
Caspian Sea - 0.4 million sq. km.
Aral Sea - 46.6 thousand sq. km.
Baikal - 31.5 thousand sq. km.
Balkhash - 18.2 thousand sq. km.
Issyk-Kul - 6.2 thousand sq. km.
The highest points of the territory, m.
Somoni Peak (Republic of Tajikistan) - 7495
Pobeda Peak (Kyrgyz Republic) - 7439
Peak Khan Tengri (Khan Teneri) (Republic of Kazakhstan) - 6995
Mount Elbrus (Russian Federation) - 5642
1) Assessment for the Commonwealth (without data for Georgia, which left the CIS in August 2009).

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Mineral resource potential
The mineral resource potential of the CIS countries includes almost all types of minerals. Extraction, use (processing) and export of mineral resources is one of the main types of economic activity for many Commonwealth countries.
The CIS countries as a whole occupy one of the first places in the world in terms of the volume of explored resources of gas, oil, coal, iron and manganese ore, many non-ferrous metals, potassium salts and other important types of minerals.
The bulk of the reserves of coal, oil, natural gas, peat and oil shale are in the Russian Federation. Kazakhstan and Ukraine have significant coal reserves, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan have oil reserves, and Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have natural gas reserves. Small oil reserves have also been explored in Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

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Almost all chrome ores are concentrated in Kazakhstan, manganese ore is concentrated in Ukraine and Kazakhstan; In Russia, reserves of these minerals are relatively small. More than half of the iron ore reserves are located in Russia. Russia and Kazakhstan have the largest resources of non-ferrous metal ores; These states contain almost all the reserves of bauxite, lead, zinc, tin, tungsten, nickel, as well as most of the resources of copper and molybdenum (Armenia and Uzbekistan also have significant reserves of the latter two metals).
Russia accounts for more than a quarter of the total reserves of phosphorites in the CIS and more than half of the reserves of potassium salts, which are the main types of mineral agrochemical raw materials. Large resources of phosphorites are also available in Kazakhstan, and potassium salts in Belarus, Turkmenistan and Ukraine. Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and the Transcaucasian states have virtually no mineral agrochemical raw materials.

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In general, the Commonwealth states occupy second place in the world (after Brazil) in terms of average annual river flow, and also have significant potential exploitable groundwater reserves and lake water resources, but these water resources are distributed unevenly across the territory of the states, which is explained by different climatic, geographical, geological and hydrological conditions of individual regions.
The driest areas are the deserts, semi-deserts and dry steppes of the states of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, as well as the Lower Volga region of the Russian Federation. The south of Ukraine (including the steppe part of Crimea), a significant part of Moldova and a number of other regions in individual states are also insufficiently supplied with fresh water.
About 90% of the average annual river flow occurs in the Russian Federation. The total volume of water in the lakes (including those bordering countries outside the CIS) is over 100 trillion cubic meters. At the same time, water reserves in fresh lakes amount to 25 trillion cubic meters, 91% of which is in Lake Baikal.

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THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

Capital - Baku

The permanent population at the beginning of 2010 was 8997.4 thousand people
Borders with Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Iran and Turkey

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Baku is the capital of Azerbaijan
located on the west coast
Caspian Sea and is
one of the largest cities in Azerbaijan. In the center of Baku
the old town is located
surrounded by serfs
walls. It's very picturesque here
thanks to the labyrinths
narrow streets and ancient
buildings, some of them
date back to the 11th century. Modern Baku stretches far beyond the Old City, its new buildings rising on the hills along the Gulf of Baku. The city is an important cultural and educational center, where the basis of the economy is oil production and refining.

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Longest rivers, km

Iori (Gabyrry) - 100

Bazarchay - 65

Akstafachay - 42

Arpachay - 40

The largest lakes, sq. km

Caspian Sea (total area, million sq. km) – 0.4

Sarysu - 67.0

Aggel - 56.2

Agzybirchala - 37.0

Mehman - 35.0

Highest point, m

Mount Bazarduzu - 4466

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REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
Capital - Yerevan

The resident population at the beginning of 2010 was 3249.5 thousand people

It borders with Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey.

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Yerevan is the capital of Armenia
In Russian transcription until 1936 - “Erivan”.
Located on the left bank (along the Araks River) part of the Ararat Valley. Altitude above sea level: from 900 to 1300 m, part of the city is located on a volcanic plateau north of the Ararat Valley. In May 1918, Erivan became the capital of the Republic of Armenia. At first
December 1920
Erivan was
busy with Red
Army;
February 18, 1921
as a result
nationwide
uprisings
Soviet authority
was overthrown
however April 2
Red Army
re-entered
to Yerevan, where
Soviet power was established for 70 years

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Longest rivers, km

(extent across the territory of the state; at the last hydrological section)

Araks - 1072

Hrazdan - 141

Debed - 176

Vorotan - 178

Agstev - 121

The largest lakes, sq. km

Sevan - 1265

Highest point, m

Mount Aragats - 4090

Slide No. 23

Capital - Minsk

The permanent population at the beginning of 2010 was 9480.2 thousand people

It borders with Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine.

Slide No. 24

Minsk is the capital of Belarus (since 1919), the administrative center of the Minsk region and the Minsk region (while not being part of them), a hero city. The largest transport hub, political, economic, cultural and scientific center of the country. The city is located
close to
geographical
center of the country
and stands on the river
Svisloch.

Slide No. 25

Longest rivers, km

(extent across the territory of the state)

Dnepr - 700

Berezina - 561

Pripyat - 495

Neman - 436

Ptich - 421

The largest lakes, sq. km

Naroch - 79.6

Osveyskoye - 52.8

Chervonoye - 40.8

Lukomskoe - 37.7

Drivyaty - 36.1

Highest point, m

Mount Dzerzhinskaya - 345

Slide No. 26

Capital - Astana

The resident population at the beginning of 2010 was 16,036.1 thousand people

Population in cities

It borders with China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.

THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Slide No. 27

Astana is the capital of Kazakhstan
Astana (from Kazakh Astana - “capital”) is the capital of Kazakhstan with a population (as of February 1, 2008) of 604.8 thousand inhabitants (the second largest in the republic after Almaty). On behalf of the akim, from November 5 -
December 5, 2007
carried out
re-registration
population
Astana,
By
preliminary
data
city ​​population
amounted to
over 700 thousand people

Slide No. 28

Longest rivers, km

(extent across the territory of the state)

Ertis (Irtysh) - 1698

Yesil (Ishim) - 1400

Syrdarya - 1400

Zhaiyk (Ural) - 1082

Caspian Sea (total area, million sq. km) - 0.4

Aral Sea (total area) - 46.6

Balkhash - 18.2

Alakol - 2.7

Tengiz - 0.4

Highest point, m

Peak Khan Tengri (Khan Taniri) - 6995

Slide No. 29

REPUBLIC OF KYRGYZSTAN
Capital - Bishkek

The permanent population at the beginning of 2010 was 5418.3 thousand people

Slide No. 30

Bishkek is the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic
and the largest city in the country. It constitutes a special administrative unit.
Population - 906 thousand inhabitants (2007). Unlike the southern regions of the republic, there is a high percentage of Russians and Russian-speaking people.
The city is located in the north of the Kyrgyz Republic, in the Chu Valley, at the foothills of the Tien Shan, 40 km north of the Kyrgyz ridge, 25 km from the border with Kazakhstan.

Slide No. 31

Longest rivers, km

(extent across the territory of the state)

Naryn - 578 (total length)

Sary-Jaz - 292 (total length)

Talas - 194

Karadarya - 180

The largest lakes, thousand sq. km

Issyk - Kul - 6.2

Sonkul - 0.3

Chatyr - Kul - 0.2

Highest point, m

Pobeda Peak - 7439

Slide No. 32

THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Capital - Chisinau

The permanent population at the beginning of 2010 was 3563.7 thousand people

It borders with Romania and Ukraine.

Slide No. 33

Chisinau - the capital of Moldova
Chisinau is the capital of the Republic of Moldova. The largest city of Moldova, its economic and cultural center, located in the center of the country on the Bull River. Chisinau has a special status in the administrative division of Moldova - it is a municipality. The municipality of Chisinau includes: the municipality of Chisinau itself, 6 cities (Singera, Durlesti, Vatra, Codru, Vadul lui Voda, Cricova) and 25 settlements, united into 13 communes (villages). Kishinev
first mentioned in
charter of 1436. Status
received the city in 1818
year shortly after
joining
Russian Empire.
City population
with suburbs
for 2008 is
more than 785 thousand inhabitants.

Slide No. 34

Longest rivers, km

(extent across the territory of the state)

Dniester - 657

The largest lakes, sq. km

Beleu - 6.26

Salash - 3.72

Drachele - 2.65

Highest point - 429 m

Slide No. 35

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Slide No. 36

Moscow the capital

Monetary unit - ruble

The permanent population at the beginning of 2010 was 141914.5 thousand people

It borders with Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, China, North Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Norway, Poland, USA, Ukraine, Finland, Estonia, Japan.

Slide No. 37

Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation
Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation, a city of federal significance, the administrative center of the Central Federal District and the Moscow Region, a hero city. The largest city in Russia and Europe by population, the most important transport hub, as well as the political, economic, cultural and scientific center of the country. The city is served by international airports Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo, Vnukovo, 9 railway
stations, 3 river
port (there are outputs
to the seas of pools
Atlantic and
Arctic
oceans). Since 1935
works in the capital
metro

Slide No. 38

Longest rivers, km

(extent across the territory of the state)

Volga - 3531

Yenisei - 3487

The largest lakes, thousand sq. km

Caspian Sea (total area, million sq. km.) - 0.4

Baikal - 31.5

Ladoga - 18.1

Onega - 9.7

Highest point, m

Mount Elbrus - 5642

Slide No. 39

THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

Capital: Dushanbe

The resident population at the beginning of 2010 was 7529.6 thousand people

Borders with Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan

Slide No. 40

Dushanbe is the capital of Tajikistan
the largest city, the political, cultural and economic center of the country. The population is 661.1 thousand people. Ethnic composition: Tajiks - 73.4%, Uzbeks - 20.1%, Russians - 5.1%, others - 2.4%.
Dushanbe is located at 38° north latitude and 68° east longitude at an altitude of about 800 m above sea level in the densely populated Gissar Valley. Dushanbe has a distinct continental climate, with dry and hot summers and wet, cool winters

1 slide

2 slide

Lesson objectives: to expand ideas about the Commonwealth of Independent States, about the symbols of each state and the legislative framework, about the role of the CIS in the international arena, to promote respect for social norms and values, for the laws and symbols of the CIS member states.

3 slide

On December 21, the leaders of eight more republics joined the agreement on the formation of the CIS: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan. On December 8, 1991, Belovezhskaya Pushcha, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus (B. N. Yeltsin, L. M. Kravchuk, S. S. Shushkevich) announced the dissolution of the USSR and signed an Agreement on the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). This document was prepared in deep secrecy from the President of the USSR. This document was prepared in deep secrecy from the peoples of the country,

4 slide

What is the CIS? CIS stands for Commonwealth of Independent States, which was formed on December 8, 1991 in the Belarusian capital of Minsk. Initially, the CIS included the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Ukraine and Belarus. Later they were joined by other allied states: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The most recent state to join the CIS was Georgia. The CIS was created for cooperation between countries in many areas: politics, economics, culture, science, etc.

5 slide

Which countries are part of the CIS? The countries that united in the CIS used to be part of the USSR, then separated, and then united again, but as part of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The CIS includes the following countries: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova and Russia. The CIS also included Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

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On January 19, 1996, in Moscow, the Council of Heads of State of the CIS adopted the Regulations on the flag and emblem of the CIS. The CIS emblem is "... a framed circle of blue color containing the image of a white figure made of vertical stripes, turning in the upper part of this figure symmetrically to the right and left into concentric ring-shaped elements. The latter expand upward and are rounded, their length and width decrease from the center symmetry to the periphery. In the upper part of the composition there is a golden circle surrounded by a ring-shaped element...". According to the creator of the emblem, the composition symbolizes the desire for equal partnership, unity, peace and stability.

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Slide 9

Flag of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The CIS flag is a blue panel with the CIS emblem in the center, the length of the flag is twice its width. The author of the composition of the emblem and flag of the CIS is Alexander Vasilyevich Grigoriev.

10 slide

What unites the CIS countries? In 1991, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). This happened on December 8, 1991 in Minsk (the capital of Belarus), after which Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan joined the CIS. Two years later, Georgia joined the CIS. The agreement signed by all countries extended to 12 CIS countries. The CIS was created so that everyone could cooperate together in medicine, science, trade, education, and all countries had to fulfill certain obligations.

11 slide

CIS bodies Council of Heads of State, Council of Heads of Government, Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Interstate Economic Council, Interparliamentary Assembly centered in St. Petersburg, etc. The permanent body of the CIS is the Coordination and Advisory Committee in Minsk.

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Why do you need CIS? The main goals of the organization are: cooperation in political, economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural and other fields; comprehensive development of the member states within the framework of a common economic space, interstate cooperation and integration; ensuring human rights and freedoms; cooperation in ensuring international peace and security, achieving general and complete disarmament; mutual legal assistance; peaceful resolution of disputes and conflicts between states of the organization.

Slide 13

The areas of joint activity of the member states include: ensuring human rights and fundamental freedoms; coordination of foreign policy activities; cooperation in the formation and development of a common economic space and customs policy; cooperation in the development of transport and communication systems; health and environmental protection; issues of social and migration policy; fight against organized crime; cooperation in the field of defense policy and protection of external borders

Slide 14

Of particular importance in this regard is the appeal to the state symbols of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Each nation creates and respects its own national-state symbols. The unity of culture and history of each country is built on the common language of its symbols. Each element of state symbols contains the deepest meaning. These symbols reflect the history of the origin of the state, its structure, its goals, principles, national and other traditions, features of the economy and nature. When turning to state symbols, it is important to understand that in addition to the official elements approved as such - the coat of arms, flag, anthem, there are other significant symbols for each state - the Constitution, the President, historical monuments, etc.

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ARMENIA The erb of the Republic of Armenia is one of the state symbols of the Republic of Armenia. It was adopted on April 19, 1992 by the Supreme Council of Armenia and clarified by the law of June 15, 2006. The modern coat of arms is based on the coat of arms of the First Republic of Armenia (1918-1920), the authors of which were the architect, academician of the Russian Academy of Arts Alexander Tamanyan and the artist Hakob Kojoyan. The coat of arms consists of the following elements: Shield - in the center - Mount Ararat, which is a symbol of the Armenian nation, on its top is Noah's Ark, since according to biblical legend the ark stopped on this mountain after the flood. The shield is divided into 4 sections, which symbolize the four independent Armenian kingdoms in the history of Armenia: top left - Bagratids, top right - Arsacids, bottom left - Artashesids, bottom right - Rubenids. The Lion and Eagle, who support the shield, are the kings of the animal world and symbolize wisdom, pride, patience and nobility. For many centuries they were symbols of royal families. At the bottom of the shield there are five more important elements. The broken chain means freedom and independence, the sword - the power and strength of the nation, the ears of wheat - the hardworking nature of the Armenians, the branch - the intellectual and cultural heritage of the Armenian people. The tricolor ribbon signifies the flag of the Republic of Armenia. The main color of the coat of arms of the Republic of Armenia is golden, the kingdoms of historical Armenia: top left - red, top right - blue, bottom left - blue, bottom right - red, and Mount Ararat depicted in the center on the shield is orange. These colors symbolize the colors of the flag of the Republic of Armenia. The coat of arms of the Republic of Armenia was adopted on April 19, 1992 by the Supreme Council of Armenia and clarified by the law of June 15, 2006. The coat of arms consists of the following elements: Shield - in the center - Mount Ararat, which is a symbol of the Armenian nation, on its top is Noah's Ark, since according to biblical legend the ark stopped on this mountain after the flood. The shield is divided into 4 sections, which symbolize the four independent Armenian kingdoms in the history of Armenia: At the bottom of the shield there are five more important elements. The broken chain means freedom and independence, the sword - the power and strength of the nation, the ears of wheat - the hardworking nature of the Armenians, the branch - the intellectual and cultural heritage of the Armenian people. The tricolor ribbon signifies the flag of the Republic of Armenia. The main color of the coat of arms of the Republic of Armenia is golden, the kingdoms of historical Armenia: top left - red, top right - blue, bottom left - blue, bottom right - red, and Mount Ararat depicted in the center on the shield is orange. These colors symbolize the colors of the flag of the Republic of Armenia.

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AZERBAIJAN In the center of the coat of arms is a fire, which symbolizes the word Allah in Arabic. The colors used on the coat of arms are the colors of the national flag of Azerbaijan. The eight-pointed star symbolizes the eight branches of the Turkic people; small eight-pointed stars are depicted between the points of the star. Below is a wreath of wheat ears and oak branches. A wreath of ears symbolizes wealth and fertility. Oak branches symbolize national military power.

Slide 17

BELARUS The state emblem of the Republic of Belarus, according to the official description, is a green outline of the Republic of Belarus placed in a silver field in the golden rays of the sun rising over the globe. At the top of the outline is a five-pointed red star. The coat of arms is framed by a wreath of golden ears intertwined with clover flowers on the left and flax on the right. The ears are entwined three times on each side with a red-green ribbon (the colors of the Belarusian flag), on which there is an inscription in gold below: “Republic of Belarus”. The coat of arms of the Belarusian SSR was adopted as the basis.

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KAZAKHSTAN The state emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan is an image of a shanyrak (the upper vaulted part of a yurt) on a blue background, from which uyks (supports) radiate in all directions in the form of sun rays, framed by the wings of mythical horses. At the bottom of the coat of arms is the inscription “Kazakhstan”. The coat of arms depicts Tulpar - a mythical horse with wings. The same horses adorn the helmet of the Issyk Golden Man. The wings symbolize the dream of building a strong, prosperous state. They also testify to pure thoughts and the desire to improve and achieve harmony in society, with nature and world civilization. The state emblem of the republic depicts two mythical horses, and they seem to protect the shanyrak from both sides. They also vividly express the idea of ​​serving a common home - the Motherland. Cherishing the Motherland like the apple of your eye and faithfully serving it is one of the important leitmotifs embedded in the images of mythical horses.

Slide 19

KYRGYZSTAN The coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan is the official state symbol of the Kyrgyz Republic; was approved on January 14, 1994 by resolution. In the center of the coat of arms, against the background of Lake Issyk-Kul and the spurs of Ala-Too, over which the sun rises, there is an image of a white falcon with outstretched wings, symbolizing the freedom and independence of Kyrgyzstan. The silhouette of the sun is a symbol of life, wealth and abundance. Note that this element is given the main place in state symbols. The peaks of the mountains, illuminated by the sun, look like the Kyrgyz national headdress “kalpak”. The steppe eagle or golden eagle occupies a special place in the worldview of nomads. In the language of symbolism, the silhouette of an eagle means state power, breadth and foresight. For steppe people it is a symbol of freedom, independence, striving for a goal, for heights, and flight into the future.

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MOLDOVA The coat of arms of Moldova is a crossed shield, in the upper part of which there is a red field, in the lower part there is a blue field. In the center of the shield is the head of a bison, between the horns of which there is an eight-pointed star, to the right of the head is a five-petalled rose, to the left is a crescent, facing and slightly inclined to the left. All elements on the shield are golden (yellow). The shield is placed on the chest of an eagle holding a golden cross in its beak (crusader eagle), in its claws: on the right - a green olive branch, on the left - a golden scepter. The coat of arms of Moldova is located in the center of the flag of Moldova.

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RUSSIA Coat of arms of the Russian Federation The coat of arms was adopted on November 30, 1993. Description updated December 25, 2000. Included in the State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation under No. 3. The State Emblem of the Russian Federation is a quadrangular red heraldic shield with rounded lower corners, pointed at the tip, with a golden double-headed eagle raising its spreading wings upward. The eagle is crowned with two small crowns and above them one large crown, connected by a ribbon. In the eagle's right paw is a scepter, in the left is an orb. On the eagle’s chest, in a red shield, is a silver rider in a blue cloak on a silver horse, striking with a silver spear a black dragon, overturned on its back and trampled by its horse.

Slide 23

TURKMENISTAN The state emblem of Turkmenistan is a symbol of the state power of Turkmenistan, which combines the cultural heritage of the ancestors of the Turkmen people Oguz Khan and the Seljuk dynasty, who created a powerful empire in ancient times and had a noticeable influence on the development of both the Turkic peoples and the population of Eurasia as a whole. The state emblem of Turkmenistan is an octahedron. On a green background of an octahedron around a red circle, the main elements of national wealth and symbols of the state are depicted: · in the lower part - seven bolls of white cotton with green leaves; · in the middle part - ears of wheat · in the upper part - a crescent with five five-pointed white stars.

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UZBEKISTAN The coat of arms of Uzbekistan was developed taking into account centuries-old national and state experience and traditions. Adopted on July 2, 1992 In the center of the coat of arms is the bird Khumo with outstretched wings - in Uzbek mythology, a symbol of happiness and love of freedom. In the upper part of the coat of arms there is an octahedron, symbolizing the establishment of the republic, inside there is a crescent with a star. The image of the sun symbolizes the light illuminating the path of the Uzbek state, and also emphasizes the unique natural and climatic conditions of the republic. The two rivers depicted under the bird are the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, which flow through the territory of Uzbekistan. Ears of bread are a symbol of bread, stalks with open cotton bolls characterize the main wealth of Uzbekistan. Together, ears and bolls of cotton, intertwined with the ribbon of the State Flag, symbolize the consolidation of the peoples living in the republic.

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UKRAINE A new page in Ukrainian heraldry was opened by the Resolution “On the State Emblem of Ukraine” adopted on February 19, 1992 by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, which approved the “Trident as a small coat of arms of Ukraine” and, accordingly, the main element of the large coat of arms. Since ancient times, the trident has been revered as a magical sign, a kind of amulet. During the times of Kievan Rus, the trident became the sign of the Grand Duke. The ambassadors of the Kyiv prince Igor (912-945), when drawing up a treaty with the Byzantines, had their own seals with tridents. The Kiev prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich (980-1015) minted a trident on coins, which depicted a portrait of the ruler on one side and a trident on the other. The trident symbolized the division of the Universe into heavenly, earthly and otherworldly, the unification of the Divine, Fatherly and Motherly - the sacred principles, the three natural elements - air, water and earth.

Geopolitics

Export

Import

GDP

Integration

Geopolitics -a science that studies the dependence of the foreign policy of states and relations between them on the system of political, military-strategic, economic and economic relations, which are determined by geographical location and socio-economic factors.

Export – (English) Export - export) – export of goods to other countries.

Import – (English) import – import) - import of goods into the country from other countries.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)- the total value of goods and services produced in a given country over a certain period of time, expressed in market prices.

Integration - (lat. Integration)- restoration, replenishment.

The purpose of the lesson: identify the features of interaction between Russia and the CIS countries.

Tasks:

• Find out which independent states were formed as a result of the collapse of the USSR.

• Using statistical material, analyze the economic ties of Russia with the former Soviet republics.

3. Determine the role of Russia in the economy of the CIS countries.

CIS countries

Area thousand km 2

Ukraine

Capital

Belarus

Population million people

Moldova

Georgia

Population density people at 1 km 2

Azerbaijan

Urban population in %

Armenia

Kazakhstan

Uzbekistan

Turkmenistan

Kyrgyzstan

Tajikistan

- Ensuring human rights and freedoms

- Coordination of foreign policy

- Economic cooperation

- Development of transport and communication systems

- Environmental protection

- public health protection

- Joint resolution of social and immigration policy issues

- fight against organized crime

2nd group

Countries united to form the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

(1992 - Treaty on Collective Security of the CIS Countries

1993 – Central Asian Union (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan)

1995 – Customs Union

1996 – Integration Treaty (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan)

1999 - creation of the union state Russia - Belarus. The beginning of a new stage of integration of the CIS states))

1 group

Countries seeking to unite within a single state

Russia and Belarus

(1999)

3 group

Countries not included in the CIS

(Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

The largest foreign trade partners of Russia in 2003, %

100% - all exports (imports) of Russia

1. Germany – 7.8 (EU)

2. Ukraine – 5.7 (CIS)

3.USA – 3.1

4. Belarus – 5.7 (CIS)

5. Netherlands – 6.8 (EU)

6. China – 6.2

7. Italy – 6.4 (EU)

8. Switzerland – 4.3

9. UK - 3.6 (EU)

10. Poland – 3.7

11. Japan - 1.8

12. Finland – 3.2 (EU)

13. Kazakhstan – 2.5 (EU)

14. Türkiye – 3.1

15. Hungary – 1.5

1. Germany – 14.1 (EU)

2. Belarus – 8.5 (CIS)

3. USA – 5.2

4. Ukraine – 7.7 (CIS)

5. Kazakhstan – 4.3 (CIS) 6. Italy – 4.2 (EU)

7. France – 4.1 (EU)

8. Finland – 3.2 (EU)

9. UK – 2.5 (EU)

10. China – 5.7

11. Poland – 3.0

12. Korea – 2.0

13. Netherlands – 2.2 (EU)

14. Japan - 2.5

15. Switzerland -0.7