Technical data on the modified Makarov pistol
PMM caliber – 9x18 mm.
Unloaded pistol weight: 760 g.
Pistol length: 167 mm.
Pistol height: 127 mm.
Gun width: 34 mm.
Barrel length: 93.5 millimeters.
The operating principle of the PMM is a semi-free recoil bolt with grooves in the chamber.
Bullet speed with PMM cartridge: 430 m/s.
Bullet speed with PM cartridge: 315 m/s.
Rate of fire: 30 shots/min.
There are four right-hand riflings.
The cutting pitch is 260 millimeters.
Sighting range: 50 m.
Magazine capacity, cartridges: 12

Why was the Makarov Pistol modernized?

The modernized Makarov pistol was created for the Rook competition, as a candidate to replace the outdated PM. The Makarov pistol, created in the middle of the last century, no longer satisfied either the military or the police, who needed a more powerful and effective personal self-defense weapon. Also, the small capacity of the PM magazine seemed ridiculous compared to modern pistols. In the new PMM pistol, some of these shortcomings have been eliminated.
In essence, the firearm PMM is similar to the PM. Notable upgrades include a new, faceted bolt and thicker grip. The new PMM grip seems really comfortable, the pistol has become more comfortable to hold, compared to the old PM grip, which was quite harsh and uncomfortable.

The difference between PMM and PM

The main difference between the PMM and the PM is in the chamber, in which tricky grooves are made that help slow down the cartridge case when it is extracted during a shot. The principle of operation of these grooves is similar to the principle of operation of Revelli grooves, thanks to which it was possible to use the more powerful 9x18 PMM cartridge. The use of three screw grooves has changed the type of operation of the automatic pistol; now it is a kind of semi-free bolt.

The new PMM cartridge has a reduced bullet mass and an increased amount of powder charge, allowing the bullet to accelerate to 420 m/s, instead of 315 m/s. The muzzle energy of the PMM cartridge bullet is 494 Joules, which makes it similar to the Western 9x19 Parabellum cartridge. Such a cartridge is capable of penetrating a Kevlar body armor with a steel plate of 2.4 millimeters at a distance of ten meters.
The new pistol also received an increased magazine capacity to 12 rounds. Which was a double-row magazine, with a narrowing at the neck to a single-row one, this made it possible to avoid changing the principle of feeding cartridges.

Disadvantages of PMM

The main disadvantage of the PMM is the grooves in the chamber, which quickly become contaminated with particles of unburned gunpowder and are quite problematic to clean.
The second drawback is in pistol magazines, the spring of which operates with some overtension and for this reason quickly loses its elasticity, leading to numerous delays when shooting. In addition, the plastic feeder breaks down quite quickly.
The 9x18 PMM cartridge is almost never produced, which negates the very essence of the PMM. Also, due to the fact that the new cartridge can be loaded into a regular PM, there is a high probability of destruction of the latter and injury to a careless shooter.
Increased recoil significantly bounces the pistol when firing, making it difficult to shoot accurately at high speed.

Purpose of PMM

The PMM pistol did not replace the conventional PM in the army and police, due to the victory of the improved Yarygin Pistol in the Rook competition.
The PMM is used by the FSO and in several units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, it is also in service with the FSB, in the private security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and in the FSSP. In addition, the PMM is on the list of award weapons.

9-mm Makarov pistol, modernized PMM 12 9-mm Makarov pistol, modernized PMM 8 GRAU index - 56-A-125M In the early 90s, they tried to improve the quality of PM - primarily through the introduction of a new, reinforced (high-impulse) cartridge 9x18 PM - M (57N181SM). Under the new cartridge, B. M. Pletsky and R. G. Shigapov created the PMM (“modernized Makarov pistol”), which has been mass-produced since 1994. Externally, it is distinguished by an enlarged plastic handle of a more convenient shape. The rear end of the handle has a notch for a more secure hold. The PMM can be equipped with a single-row magazine for 8 or a double-row for 12 rounds. Increasing magazine capacity beyond 10 rounds is typical for modern combat pistols. The smooth transition of the two-row magazine in the upper part to the single-row neck made it possible not to redo the magazine socket and the bolt. Three helical grooves on the walls of the chamber made it possible to use high-pulse and old cartridges, despite the variation in the maximum pressure of powder gases in the barrel bore. The magazine cover protrudes slightly forward, which gives support to the palm and can somewhat speed up reloading. Changing the retention devices can significantly improve pistol shooting accuracy. The maximum pressure in the gun barrel with the new cartridge increased by 15%. Thus, the cartridge’s power and lethality approached the 9x19 mm Parabellum without a significant increase in pressure and recoil energy. And yet, it is impossible to equip a standard PM with high-pulse PMM cartridges - it is not designed for such pressures of powder gases. Due to the greater gas pressure at the muzzle, the acoustic load when firing the new cartridge increased by 20%. The pistol was put into service in 1994. Designers - B. M. Pletsky, R. G. Shigapov. Produced at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant since 1994. Participated in a competition for a new army pistol under the designation “Rook-3”.

Differences from the PM pistol

• Cartridge - 9x18 mm PM (57-N-181S), PMM (57-N-181SM, 7N16) and PBM (7N25).
• Food - magazine for 12 rounds (PMM-12) or 8 rounds (PMM-8).
• Rate of fire - 30-35 rds/min.
• Initial bullet speed: PM - 315 m/s, PMM - 420 m/s.
• Weight: without cartridges - 0.76 kg, loaded - 0.88 kg.
• Dimensions: length - 169 (165) mm, height - 127 mm, width - 34 mm.

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Modernized Makarov-Shigapov pistol, PMM

Caliber, 9×18mm; 9×18 PMM
Length: 161 mm (165 mm PMM)
Weight without cartridges: 730 g (760 g PMM)
Barrel length: 94 mm
Magazine capacity: 8 rounds (12 rounds PMM)

The Makarov system pistol was created in response to the requirement of the Soviet Army to develop a new pistol for self-defense of officers, more compact and safer to handle than the Tokarev TT pistol, but at the same time having a greater stopping effect of the bullet. The requirements stipulated a compact pistol with a self-cocking trigger mechanism and a blowback bolt. Initially, a new 9mm caliber cartridge was developed, which had a sleeve length of 18 mm and, in terms of power, represented the reasonable maximum that can be used in a blowback pistol. This development was based on pre-war German work in the same direction, which led to the creation by GECO of the 9x18mm Ultra cartridge. It should be noted that despite the identical designations, the PM pistol cartridge is not interchangeable with the German one, since it has a larger bullet diameter. Two pistols were then created for the new cartridge and put into service in 1951: the Makarov pistol - a personal self-defense weapon for officers, and a more powerful pistol for self-defense of privates, gun crews and tank crews - the Stechkin APS automatic pistol.

Until the early 1990s, the PM remained the main self-defense weapon for military personnel, as well as the main weapon for the police. However, the changing situation in the world has led to the need to adopt more powerful and effective personal weapons, the development of which began as part of the Rook competition. For this competition, a reinforced version of the 9x18mm PMM cartridge was developed, which had a lighter bullet and an increased powder charge, accelerating the new bullet to 430 m/s instead of the usual 315 m/s. In addition, on the basis of the PM, a PMM pistol was created, adapted for new cartridges and having a magazine capacity increased to 12 rounds, for which it was necessary to increase the width of the pistol handle. In addition, the PMM has acquired slightly improved handle cheeks. However, in 2000 it was announced that the “Rook” competition was won by the Yarygin pistol, created at the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant under the symbol MP-443. Thus, the PM will be gradually removed from service with the Armed Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other law enforcement agencies of Russia, being replaced by PYa and other modern pistols, however, due to the difficult financial condition of the country as a whole, this process will not be quick and will take more than one year. It should be noted that the PMM pistol went into mass production in a version chambered for the standard 9x18 cartridge, since there was a real danger of using 9x18 PMM cartridges in old pistols of the Makarov and Stechkin system, which could lead to accelerated wear and even destruction of these pistols.

On the basis of the PM at the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, the main manufacturer of the Makarov pistol, a number of modifications were created, including the IZH-79 gas pistol, the IZH-71 service pistol chambered for 9x17mm Browning Short, the Baikal MP-442 export pistol of 9x18mm caliber and a number of others. In addition to the USSR and Russia, the PM was produced under license in Bulgaria, the German Democratic Republic and China. Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia produced their own models of pistols chambered for the same 9x18mm PM cartridge.
During the production of the Makarov pistol in Izhevsk, a large amount of work was carried out to improve the manufacturability of its production. In addition, in the sixties, the Tula Design Bureau (now the Instrument Design Bureau) carried out work to lighten the pistol by developing a frame made of light alloys or plastic for it. The pistol with a plastic frame was tested in 1963-65 under the designation TKB-023, and showed generally good results. However, the military refused to adopt it, motivating their decision, among other things, by the fact that it was unknown. how plastic behaves during long-term (10-20 years) storage and operation.

The Makarov PM pistol was (and still is) one of the best representatives of pistols in the class of compact self-defense weapons. It is small in size, extremely reliable, easy to use and maintain. Its disadvantages, however, are common to any other pistol of the same size and class - short range and shooting accuracy, low bullet efficiency. In addition, the disadvantages specific to the PM in comparison with modern pistols of the same class are the rather significant mass of the weapon and the small magazine capacity.

The Makarov pistol is built on the basis of automatic blowback action. The pistol is made almost entirely of steel. The return spring is located around the fixed barrel. The trigger mechanism is double-action (self-cocking), with an open hammer. The safety is located on the left side of the bolt, and when turned on, it blocks the firing pin, then safely removes the hammer from cocking, after which it locks the sear and bolt. The first shot after turning off the safety can be fired either by self-cocking or by first cocking the hammer manually. The sights are open and non-adjustable. On a number of export modifications, an adjustable rear sight can be installed. The pistol is fed from detachable steel box magazines with a capacity of 8 rounds. PMM pistols were equipped with double-row magazines with a capacity of 12 rounds with the cartridges rearranged into one row at the outlet of the magazine. The magazine release latch is located at the bottom of the handle, behind the magazine window. The cheeks of the handle are plastic, brown or black, with fine corrugation, in the PMM version - with a shelf for the thumb.

By the end of the 1980s. The widespread introduction of personal armor protection (PIB) in most armies of various countries, as well as the active activities of terrorist groups, created the need to develop weapons with greater firing efficiency, that is, using a powerful cartridge with high penetrating and stopping effect of the bullet and having high firepower. The simplest solution to the problem was to modernize the PM. In the early 1990s, designers R.G. Shigapov and B.M. Pletsky created the PMM (modernized Makarov pistol), the production of which was launched in 1994. The weapon was created specifically to use the new 9x18 PMM cartridge with a steel core bullet with a cone-shaped head. The initial speed of the bullet is 420 m/s, and the energy is 494 J. As a result, the penetrating effect of the bullet has increased.

Cartridges with hollow-point bullets, which have a greater stopping effect, were also created. The pistol can also use standard 9x18 cartridges. The double-row magazine, which turns into a single-row magazine in its upper part, holds 12 rounds, which increased the firepower of the weapon. Due to the use of a high-impulse cartridge, the chamber design was changed. On its inner surface there are three helical grooves, which increase frictional resistance when the sleeve moves backward due to its expansion, but without leading to rupture. This ensures that the bolt-casing rollback is inhibited and recoil is reduced. The pistol has more ergonomic grip cheeks with side protrusions. The frame and bolt casing are reinforced and have a greater safety margin than the PM. As a result, the dimensions and weight of the weapon increased slightly, but the combat qualities also increased.

The PMM never became a replacement for the PM in the army and law enforcement agencies, mainly due to the creation of a more advanced PYa pistol during the Rook competition, which is planned to be put into service. In addition, the use of powerful 57-N-181-SM (9×18 PMM) cartridges in conventional PMs leads to damage to the weapon. In the case of widespread distribution of such ammunition in the armed forces and law enforcement agencies, there was a very serious danger of loading old Makarov pistols that were not designed for this with them, and as a result, injury to shooters and destruction of the weapon. In addition, the PMM has strong recoil, with a very significant bounce when fired, which makes it much more difficult to conduct accurate high-speed shooting. Currently, PMM is used in small quantities in the FSO and a number of units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Characteristics of the PMM pistol

• Caliber: 9×18 PMM
• Weapon length: 165 mm
• Barrel length: 94 mm
• Weapon height: 130 mm
• Weapon width: 34 mm
• Weight without cartridges: 760 g
• Magazine capacity: 12 rounds

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