Hypoallergenic food. When do you need hypoallergenic food products, and what are they? Hypoallergenic diet: list of allowed foods

Allergic diseases worsen the quality of life of adults and children. Many foods, house dust, washing powders, plant pollen, medications - the list of irritants is easy to extend. A hypoallergenic diet is an essential element in the treatment of diseases of an allergic nature.

What foods often trigger an acute immune response in the body? How to eat properly for allergy patients? What diseases require a strict hypoallergenic diet? Recommendations from allergists and nutritionists will be useful for people of all ages.

How to organize meals

Selection of low-allergenic products and proper preparation of dishes reduces the load on the digestive organs and reduces the likelihood of a negative response. Doctors prescribe a gentle diet for many diseases; allergy sufferers must also strictly adhere to the recommendations.

Helpful Tips:

• eat five to six times throughout the day, preferably at the same time, in small portions;
• overeating disrupts the functioning of the stomach and intestines, provokes discomfort, and causes irritation. Nervous stress increases allergy symptoms: it is important to remember this detail;
• The best option for a delicate effect on the digestive tract is to steam and bake. With this approach, meat, vegetables, and other types of food are easily digestible. Avoid fried, smoked and marinated foods;
• You shouldn’t rely on low-allergenic items: two kilograms of green apples can also provoke a negative response from the body. Excessive consumption of any type of food does not bring anything good to the body;
• products from the second category (moderately allergenic items) are allowed to be included in the menu once every 3-4 days. The accumulation of allergens occurs gradually, after a couple of days it is clear how the body reacts to the components of products of the second group;
• You cannot eat several types of moderately allergenic foods in one day, otherwise it is difficult to figure out which name triggered the allergy in the event of a negative response from the body;
• It is advisable to diversify the diet so that vitamin deficiency does not develop. A weakened body is more likely to be attacked by infections, and the risk of an acute immune response increases. Even from the names of the third group you can prepare many tasty, nutritious, healthy dishes.

Advice! Allergy tests are required to determine food irritants that provoke a negative response from the body in a particular patient. In severe cases of atopic dermatitis, urticaria, hay fever, doctors recommend eliminating all potentially dangerous allergens. Items from the category “moderately allergenic products” are allowed in a minimum quantity.

Hypoallergenic products

When creating a menu, it is important to take into account not only the age of the person suffering from allergic manifestations, but also the reaction to certain foods. There are names that often provoke a negative response; some types of food are suitable for some patients, but not for others.

Doctors recommend familiarizing yourself with the list of low-allergenic products (third group). With increased sensitization of the body, food allergies, you can eat quite varied, get most of the vitamins and nutrients.

Allergy sufferers are allowed the following names:

• zucchini, cucumbers, cabbage (broccoli, cauliflower and white cabbage);
• pears, green apples, white cherries and currants, gooseberries;
• squash, parsley, green salad;
• mineral water, necessarily, without gas;
• pearl barley, oatmeal;
• rosehip decoction;
• prunes, dried pears and apples;
• lean pork, beef;
• kefir, natural yoghurts without additives, low-fat cottage cheese, fermented baked milk;
• liver;
• pear or apple compote;
• unsweetened bread: rice, corn;
• weak tea;
• crackers, savory pastries.

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Dangerous products

Allergy sufferers should clearly know what they can eat and what they cannot eat. Violation of nutritional rules, consumption of food with a high allergic effect provokes an immediate reaction. If the body is highly sensitive, serious conditions are possible - anaphylactic shock or dangerous Quincke's edema.

It is prohibited to include the following products in the menu of a small allergy sufferer:

• tangerines, lemons, oranges;
• cocoa, coffee;
• persimmons, pineapples, strawberries. You should not eat red apples, pomegranates, strawberries, cherries, raspberries;
• figs, dried apricots, dates, raisins;
• Exotic fruits;
• melons;
• cheeses;
• fatty dairy products;
• most varieties of sea and river fish;
• seafood;
• mushrooms (all varieties);
• eggs in any form;
• vegetables: carrots, tomatoes, beets, red salad peppers. Eggplants, celery, and sorrel provoke negative reactions;
• chocolate, caramel;
• nuts, especially peanuts;
• honey, bee products;
• smoked meats, canned food, concentrates, sausage (smoked and boiled);
• yoghurts with fillers, flavors, dyes;
• sauces, seasonings of any severity, spices;
• fruit and sparkling water;
• products with flavors, emulsifiers, dyes, preservatives;
• chewing gum.

It is important to know the food restrictions on a hypoallergenic diet. Allergists allow items from the list to be included in the menu with great caution and in small portions.

Moderately allergenic products:

• legumes;
• rabbit;
• cranberry;
• turkey;
• fatty pork;
• rye;
• peaches;
• apricots;
• corn;
• mutton;
• wheat;
• Green pepper;
• potato;
• herbal decoctions.

Important! Acute reactions with dangerous symptoms often develop in children. At the age of one or two, there are not many antihistamines that can quickly relieve swelling, itchy skin, unblock a stuffy nose, and prevent suffocation. You can’t experiment with giving your baby prohibited types of food in any quantity: even a spoonful of carrot puree or one egg can cause Quincke’s edema.

Diet for children

Atopic dermatitis is a problem for many children. Children under one year of age often exhibit acute reactions to certain types of food. A nursing mother should only consume approved foods.

Is your baby bottle-fed? You will have to buy high-quality mixtures to reduce the risk of atopic dermatitis. Many well-known companies produce special brands of baby food for babies prone to allergies. Pharmacies have gluten-free mixtures, fermented milk products, and medicinal compounds.

Helpful Tips:

• with atopic dermatitis, the timing of introducing complementary foods is shifted to a later date;
• new types of food are introduced gradually, in a minimal volume, one item per week or less often;
• It is advisable to serve boiled, steamed or baked vegetables and meat dishes in the form of puree to reduce the load on the fragile stomach and intestines;
• you should not overfeed your baby: excess weight significantly increases the load on organs and systems, food is less digestible, the risk of diarrhea increases, the balance of microflora in the intestines is disrupted, and immunity decreases;
• for atopic dermatitis, completely exclude dangerous allergenic products, give names of the second category only on the recommendation of a doctor, carefully monitor the reaction.

Diet for nursing mothers

When breastfeeding, many products are prohibited from being included in the menu: all substances are absorbed into mother’s milk and quickly enter the baby’s body. Eating foods with a high risk of allergic manifestations is dangerous for the baby: A negative immune response often develops.

The symptoms for babies are very dangerous: defense mechanisms are weak, there are few lactobacilli in the intestines, and the tiny body reacts violently to irritants. For this reason, nursing mothers should temporarily refrain from eating all types of food that provoke the baby.

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• chocolate;
• all citrus fruits;
• peanut;
• seafood;
• fish caviar;
• vegetables, berries, fruits of red and orange color;
• smoked meats;
• canned food;
• concentrates;
• mayonnaise;
• baked goods;
• melons;
• sausages, boiled/smoked sausage;
• sea ​​fish;
• soda;
• alcohol;
• coffee;
• pickled products, pickles;
• exotic vegetables and fruits;
• products with emulsifiers, synthetic dyes, preservatives.

Many products from the “black” list cause not only allergic reactions in the baby, but also provoke increased gas formation and digestive problems. The fewer items on the menu with synthetic fillers, the more benefits for women and babies. A nursing mother should not only select suitable products, but also prepare dishes correctly according to the recommendations from the section on catering at the beginning of the article.

What diseases require a special menu?

Dietary restrictions and avoidance of foods from the first group will be needed not only for food allergies. When treating any diseases associated with an acute immune response of the body, a special menu is required.

Doctors prescribe a hypoallergenic diet for the following diseases and conditions:

• bronchial asthma;
• allergy to pollen;
• breastfeeding period;
• idiopathic;
• acute/chronic rhinitis and any form;
• hereditary pathologies in which the absorption of certain components is partially or completely impaired, for example, celiac disease.

If the body has a negative reaction to certain types of food, skin reactions, nasal congestion, lacrimation, swelling of tissues, you will have to change your diet. Doctors are of the same opinion: In case of an acute immune response, a hypoallergenic diet is required. List of products, permitted and prohibited names, food preparation rules, diet for nursing mothers, list of diseases - information to prevent dangerous conditions and reduce the risk of allergic reactions.

Allergy is a disease of civilization that manifests itself in various products and phenomena with a variety of symptoms. Food allergies are considered the most common; they endanger both... This is an inadequate hyperactivity of the immune system to certain foods. This pathology requires avoiding foods to which you are sensitive and following a hypoallergenic diet. Products with minimal allergenicity are considered hypoallergenic. But even they can cause negative consequences, since the immune response is an individual characteristic of the body.

How does food allergy occur and manifest?

The reaction is manifested by skin and respiratory symptoms, disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract, but these are only external signs that are recorded by the patient or doctor. What's going on inside?

When an allergen first enters the body, immunoglobulins of group E are formed. They are then attached to the membranes of mast (immune) cells. Next comes the process of sensitization of the body, which lasts for several days or months, and maybe even years. At this moment, Ig E accumulates in the body. Sensitization does not manifest itself with clinical symptoms. Upon repeated contact with the allergen, immune complexes are formed that damage cells and tissues. This leads to the release of allergy mediators, and clinical signs begin to appear - rash, swelling, itching, redness, indigestion, respiratory symptoms.

Products of varying degrees of allergenicity

In the course of many studies, scientists have divided all foods into three groups.

Allergenicity of products

Highly allergenic	Moderately allergenic	Low allergenic
The chance of a reaction is extremely high, especially in children	May provoke a negative reaction, but the risk is much lower	They have a minimal chance of provoking a negative response and are the basis of the earliest children's menu
figs; dried apricots; , vegetables and red and orange colors; exotic products; food additives, preservatives.	legumes; cereals: , rye; pork; (red, black); herbal decoctions.	green and yellow; gooseberry; white currant; lamb meat; lean beef; : yogurt, fermented baked milk, kefir, cottage cheese (homemade without additives); spinach, green salad.

In turn, allergens are divided into:

• thermolabile;
• thermostable.

Heat-labile ones reduce their allergenic properties when exposed to temperatures, while heat-stable ones retain allergenicity regardless of heat treatment, sometimes it even increases after cooking.

Thus, the most dangerous egg allergen is ovomucoid. It is heat stable, so if a reaction is detected specifically to it, then you should stop eating eggs in any form. If sensitization is detected to another egg allergen - ovalbumin, then cooking for 10-20 minutes will protect the allergy sufferer.

Milk contains both heat-labile allergens - alpha-lactalbumin, and heat-stable allergens - casein. Therefore, if you boil milk, thermolabile provocateurs will reduce allergenicity. But this will not help if the allergy is caused by casein.

It will not be possible to reduce the allergic properties of fish, meat, legumes (including peanuts) under any circumstances. The allergenicity of roasted peanuts even increases. Sea fish are more dangerous than river fish, and the thermal effect on them contributes to the spread of allergens through vapors and odors.

Sometimes allergy sufferers can be saved by such a simple measure as peeling a vegetable or fruit. For example, peach skin contains 250 times more allergy triggers than the pulp, so this measure can help expand your diet. As you know, it is the peel of many fruits and vegetables that accumulates harmful chemicals used during cultivation and transportation. Namely, they to a greater extent provoke an incorrect reaction of the body.

Possibility of cross-allergy

There is a possibility of cross-allergy. It occurs not just for a specific product, but for everything with a similar amino acid composition. Sensitization to one food component can provoke negative consequences for other components.

Components of cross-allergy

cow's milk	goat's, sheep's milk; veal, beef, semi-finished meat products; white bread, baked goods; dairy products.
chicken eggs	eggs of other birds; bird feathers and down; chicken's meat; cakes, pastries, cream; mayonnaise; sparkling, white wine;
Fish and seafood	any seafood and types of fish;
vegetables	nuts; seeds; , sunflower;
fruits and berries
beans	fruits; vegetables; plant pollen.
nuts

Diagnosis and treatment of food reactions

To make an accurate diagnosis, differential diagnosis is necessary. First of all, this is a consultation and examination of a therapist (pediatrician), allergist, gastroenterologist.

Laboratory tests include:

• general blood clinic: allows you to identify the allergic process by increasing the number of basophils and eosinophils;
• biochemical blood test for total immunoglobulin E: an increase in its quantity confirms the presence of an allergic process;
• biochemical analysis to determine specific immunoglobulin E: helps determine the source of the allergy.

Blood tests are indicated even for infants, since this event is completely safe. There is no direct contact of the patient with the allergen. In a laboratory setting, a specialist introduces possible allergens into the blood collected from the patient and records immune reactions.

The fastest diagnostic methods are skin allergy tests, but they cannot be performed on children under three or even five years old, pregnant women and people with certain diseases. The risk of dangerous manifestations is too great, since there is direct contact with the allergen. In addition, in young children the skin is too tender and sensitive, so the reliability of the test is not great, and false positive responses may occur.

In extreme cases, provocative methods may be prescribed. The suspected allergen is applied to mucous surfaces and the reaction is observed. This method is extremely dangerous for both children and adults, since a severe allergic reaction is possible during diagnosis, namely the occurrence of anaphylactic shock. This procedure is carried out exclusively within the walls of a hospital under the constant supervision of medical staff.

Quite often, pediatricians recommend that parents write down the food components consumed and the reactions to them in the baby’s food diary. If the allergen is presumably identified, then an elimination diet is proposed - excluding the allergen for a certain time, after which it is reintroduced, its amount gradually increasing. This method is also applicable for adults.

The main key to successful treatment is adherence to a hypoallergenic diet, that is, stopping contact with the causative product. In addition, symptomatic drug therapy is prescribed, which involves the use of the following drugs:

• antihistamines of systemic and local action;
• ointments and creams to eliminate itching, swelling, rashes, including hormonal ones;
• membrane stabilizers;
• enterosorbents;
• carminative medications;
• enzymes;
• medications to eliminate other clinical manifestations - antiemetics, antipyretics, antispasmodics and others.

All prescriptions and dosages are determined only by the doctor, taking into account age criteria and individual characteristics of the body.

Hypoallergenic diet: list of allowed foods

The GA mode is prescribed when atypical responses of the body appear after they are confirmed by diagnostic methods. This diet involves the consumption of non-allergenic foods.

There are two main types of hypoallergenic diet:

• nonspecific;
• specific.

Nonspecific GA diet is based on the exclusion from the menu of all possible allergens (highly allergenic and moderately allergenic food components). It can be used as a preventive measure for allergies or when there are characteristic symptoms, but the source has not yet been determined. It is also advisable to use nutrition during illnesses, after vaccination and in the two-week period after them.

Specific diet implies the exclusion of one (rarely several) products. It is used when the allergen is identified and confirmed by laboratory diagnostics. Such a diet requires strict adherence to prohibitions, but is more varied in the choice of food. Specific GA diets include:

• dairy-free table;
• gluten-free diet;
• egg-free diet and others.

In this case, the product is excluded for at least two weeks, and maybe for several months or years. It all depends on the individual characteristics of the body.

When eating a hypoallergenic diet, the first step is to exclude products containing various dyes, stabilizers, flavors, and preservatives. Very often it is food additives that provoke a negative reaction in the body. Next, all highly allergenic components are eliminated: eggs, milk, chocolate, nuts, smoked meats, citrus fruits, vegetables and fruits of bright colors.

Limited to:

• meat;
• pasta;
• dairy products;
• semolina;
• carrots, beets;
• vegetables are out of season.

These products can be added to the menu in small quantities, carefully monitoring the immune response. If there is any deterioration, stop taking them. Nutrition must be selected together with an allergist and nutritionist. This will take into account all the energy and individual needs and characteristics of the body.

The list of hypoallergenic products includes:

• refined vegetable oil;
• green apples;
• white currants;
• dill, parsley;
• lean meat: rabbit, turkey, veal;
• fermented milk products without additives;
• cereals: rice, buckwheat, ;
• bakery products made from second grade flour.

When following a GA diet, it is recommended to keep a food diary where you should write down everything you eat. This is quite significant information for the patient and the doctor. The time period for following such a diet is determined by the doctor, based on age and diagnosis.

Features of hypoallergenic nutrition for nursing mothers and children

A woman who is breastfeeding must monitor her diet, since the baby’s health depends on its quality and components. Through breast milk, not only beneficial substances enter the baby’s body, but also harmful ones, as well as potential allergens. It is also important that a woman monitors her health and nutritional quality before and during pregnancy. This plays an important role. The baby’s still immature body is not able to properly respond to the substances received. Sometimes this is due to genetic predisposition, which obviously exposes the baby to danger even in the womb.

Today, the opinion of doctors is divided: some believe that a nursing mother should follow a strict diet, others say that the child’s immunity must be trained, and therefore the mother’s diet should remain within her usual limits. So nutrition can be divided into two types:

• classic;
• alternative.

Approaches to nutrition for a nursing mother

View	Allowed	Should be excluded
Classic	fermented milk products without additives or impurities; unleavened cheeses; vegetable soups; cereal soups; lean meat; bread made from 2nd grade wheat flour; fruits, vegetables, white or green berries; vegetable oil; weak tea; dried fruit compote without sugar;	rich meat and fish broths; caviar and seafood; nuts, honey; chocolate, cocoa, coffee, kvass; Exotic fruits; canned food; food components containing various additives; semi-finished meat products; semolina; mushrooms; spicy seasonings; garlic and onion; fruits, berries, orange and red vegetables; confectionery; reduce salt and sugar intake;
Alternative	leave the usual menu; eat eggs and fish, sausage delicacies, vegetables, berries, red and orange fruits, beans, cabbage, grapes, rye bread, and pastries no more than twice a week.	whole cow's milk, not processed; fast food; soda.

A woman who is breastfeeding must follow the HA diet throughout her entire breastfeeding. It is necessary to continue feeding as long as possible. Scientists have proven that a child receiving breast milk is less susceptible to various pathological processes. In terms of its composition, it ideally meets all the needs of a growing organism.

If for some reason there is no mother's milk, it should be selected for a child with a tendency to allergies together with a specialist. Preventive milk replacers are intended for children with a predisposition to food reactions. If there are clinical manifestations, then it is necessary to give preference to medicinal mixtures.

It is important for infants to introduce complementary foods no earlier than six months of age, strictly adhering to the recommendations of pediatricians. It is very important to choose quality food. Complementary foods must be introduced monocomponent, gradually increasing the amount over the course of a week.

You should start with pureed white or green vegetables, then you should add vegetable oil and dairy-free porridge: buckwheat, corn, rice, after which you can add butter to the porridge. Start feeding fruit purees with single-component formulations of white or green color, later moving on to multi-component dishes.

You can try giving meat dishes no earlier than nine months, starting with turkey, rabbit, veal, and later introducing quail eggs. Fermented milk products and cottage cheese must be chosen that are specially adapted or without additional additives. Fish should be introduced closer to the year, choosing less allergenic varieties; fish feeding should be done no more than twice a week. By the year you can introduce fruit juices and berries.

Quite often, allergic manifestations that occur in the first year of life are successfully outgrown by the baby with the full formation of body systems. The HA diet for older children does not differ from the same diet for adults and pursues the same goals.

It will be useful to record all foods introduced into the diet and reactions to them in a food diary. If unpleasant symptoms occur, you can easily determine the source of the allergy.

It is important to perceive the hypoallergenic regime not as torture, but as necessary help for yourself and your child. Then there is less chance of breaking from the correct settings. Modern cooking provides a fairly large variety of delicious hypoallergenic dishes.

The food is by no means uncommon. An allergic reaction is nothing more than the result of increased sensitivity of the human body to certain substances contained in food. Therefore, some people are advised to eat hypoallergenic foods.

Hypoallergenic products: for what purpose should they be consumed??

In fact, a diet of such foods helps achieve several goals. Firstly, by sticking to it, you can stop the allergic reaction quite quickly. Secondly, eliminating allergenic foods from the diet and then gradually introducing them back into the diet makes it possible to find out the cause of the allergy.

In addition, it is hypoallergenic products that are recommended to be consumed by nursing mothers - this helps prevent the development of an allergic reaction in the newborn. These rules must be followed especially carefully if the baby is partially bottle-fed, since then the body’s sensitivity to certain foods increases significantly.

Food products and their classification

Food is usually divided into products with high, medium and low allergic activity. Theoretically, a person can be allergic to any of them, but most often develops when taking highly allergenic products.

The most allergenic foods are cow's milk, cheeses, chicken eggs, smoked meats, canned foods, spices, sauces, herbs, seafood, caviar. In addition, very often an allergic reaction develops as a result of ingesting vegetables and fruits that are predominantly red or orange in color. These include tomatoes, carrots, beets, eggplants, parsley, red peppers, as well as raspberries, strawberries, citrus fruits, blueberries, blackberries, pineapples, grapes, plums, and persimmons. This also includes most dried fruits, alcoholic and chocolate, sweets, honey, nuts, coffee and cocoa. And people with allergies should not eat foods that contain dyes, emulsifiers, preservatives and other food additives.

Products of medium activity are corn, cereals, pork, lamb, rabbit meat, bananas, peaches and apricots, potatoes, legumes and peas, herbal infusions, watermelons.

The group of “hypoallergenic products” includes almost everything, including fermented baked milk, kefir, cottage cheese, yoghurts, as well as chicken and beef (exclusively boiled), and liver. This group also includes cereals (semolina, oatmeal, rice), olive, butter and vegetable oil, dried apples and dried fruits made from these, still mineral waters. Fruits include green apples, gooseberries, pears, white cherries, and white currants.

This diet is perfect for those people who suffer from severe attacks, and the hypoallergenic products for children are the same as for adults, which makes cooking much easier.

Hypoallergenic diet: rules

To begin with, a sick person needs to completely avoid foods with high and moderate allergenic activity, and consume only hypoallergenic foods. The duration of such a diet for an adult is approximately 3 weeks, and for a child - no more than 10 days. If after this there are noticeable improvements, then it is necessary to begin gradually introducing other foods into the diet. New food should be introduced no more than once every three days. If no changes occur, then this product is safe for health. If, after introducing a new dish, an allergic reaction begins again, then it must be completely excluded from the diet.

In addition, you must be responsible when purchasing products, carefully reading the information on packages. It must be remembered that preservatives, dyes, and flavorings should not be present in food. The same applies to salt, spices and various herbs.

Allergies come in different forms. Contact with a food allergen leads to various forms of reactions - in this case, it is not so much the type of product that is important, but the severity of sensitivity to it. Some patients, when asked by a doctor about complaints, describe the appearance of an itchy rash, others are worried about a runny nose, red eyes, or nausea and vomiting.

It is known that allergies recur from time to time when consuming a food provocateur, so the question becomes relevant: what can you eat and what should you avoid? It is undesirable to reduce the calorie content of the diet, adding insufficient amounts of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and vitamins. It is necessary to choose products that do not cause a reaction in each case individually.

Classification of food allergens

People with food sensitivities feel justifiably concerned about what they can eat if they have an allergy. It is important to know about foods that often provoke allergic reactions and should be excluded from the diet. For the convenience of specialists in the field of allergy pathology and allergy sufferers, a classification of products positioned as potential allergens has been developed. They can be divided into groups:

• provocateurs of plant origin;
• provocateurs of animal origin.

Among plant antigens, the most significant are pollen (for example, birch pollen, ragweed), as well as allergens contained in vegetables and fruits. Plant components often provoke cross-reactions with latex and animal hair.

Animal allergens are quite numerous. Very often, chicken eggs cause allergies; when sensitized to the protein of which, sensitivity is also observed to the eggs of other birds, chicken meat, and bird feathers. A pork allergy can be combined with a reaction to pet dander. One possible combination is also a house dust mite allergy and a shellfish allergy.

The allergenic properties of food antigens can change during food processing.

This means the likelihood of strengthening or, conversely, weakening the allergenic activity of the food provocateur. An example is the increase in the allergenic potential of peanuts when cooked by any method. At the same time, it is better for allergy sufferers to avoid any allergen product, since it is impossible to predict the severity of the reaction in advance. You should eat only suitable food.

Significant allergens

Although allergic reactions can be triggered by a huge number of antigens, there is a list of foods called the most important food allergens. Products that cause allergies very often can be presented in the table:

Product type	Cross reactions	Components causing the reaction
Cow's milk	cheese, goat's, sheep's milk; veal, beef; sausage, frankfurters; white bread, cakes; kefir.	Casein, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, lactose synthetase, bovine serum albumin
Chicken egg	eggs of other birds; bird feathers (including in pillows); chicken meat; mayonnaise; pastry creams, cakes; champagne, white wine.	Ovomucoid, ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, lysozyme, alpha-livetin
Fish	If you are allergic to river and/or sea fish, cross-allergy is possible as a result of eating shellfish or crustaceans, and vice versa.	Parvalbumin
Shellfish		Tropomyosin
Crustaceans (shrimp, crayfish, lobsters, crabs)		Tropomyosin
Vegetables (peppers, carrots, lettuce, cucumber, celery, potatoes, tomatoes)	celery; nuts; sunflower seeds and pollen; birch pollen; latex, etc.	Profilin, osmotin-like protein, patatin, chlorophyll-binding protein
Fruits, sweet berries (apple, kiwi, cherry, banana, orange, lemon, pear, peach, plum, watermelon, melon, grapes)		Thaumatin-like protein, profilin, endochitinase, rhinonuclease, cucumisin, germin-like protein
Legumes (peanuts, peas, lentils, soybeans)	Patients with allergies to legumes, nuts and grains may also react to various fruits, vegetables, tree and plant pollen.	Vicilin, conglycinin, lectin, conglutin, profilin, etc.
Nuts (walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds)		Amandine, conglutin, profilin, vicilin, etc.
Cereals (wheat, barley, corn, rice, rye)		Gliadin, agglutinin, secalin, etc.

It is not possible to combine all possible allergens in one table. It happens that patients can normally tolerate some foods that have a high allergenic potential and observe allergy symptoms when consuming foods allowed in general recommendations. Therefore, it is very important to find out which product caused the reaction - you should not eat it.

The preparation of an elimination diet is based on clinical symptoms and the results of special laboratory tests.

If the patient is sensitive to a limited amount of food, tests are carried out to confirm the allergenicity of the product and the need to avoid it. Forbidden foods should not be consumed even in small quantities. The anti-allergenic diet is followed continuously throughout the patient’s life. The disappearance of sensitivity is possible only in childhood, and only under certain conditions.

Diet principles

When choosing a hypoallergenic diet model, we must not forget about the need to take into account food tolerance with subsequent diet correction. If a dish is on the list of approved foods, but the patient is sensitive to it, it will have to be excluded. The hypoallergenic diet developed by Academician Ado is widely used. The author divides food products into three groups:

• recommended;
• limited use;
• requiring exception.

What can't you eat if you have allergies? You can start the list of products with food enriched with dyes, flavors and flavor enhancers - these are various types of chewing gum, carbonated drinks (including kvass), chips, marmalade, candies, marshmallows and marshmallows. Cakes (especially if there are dyes in the cream and decorations), pastries, and muffins have an adverse effect.

Preparing first and second courses also requires care. Patients are prohibited from eating spicy, salty and smoked foods; You should not eat rich broths, sausages, sausages and ham. Allergens can be liver, fish, caviar. Eggs, all kinds of seafood, ketchup and mayonnaise, processed cheese, and margarine are dangerous.

Plant components that should not be present in the diet of a patient with allergies are listed in the table. Not only fresh plant products are important, but also processed ones - salted, pickled. Among drinks and sweets, coffee, cocoa, and chocolate are considered allergens. Patients are advised to give up nuts, legumes, and honey.

What foods can be included in the diet infrequently in small quantities? These include:

• Pasta.
• Chicken meat, lamb.
• Early harvest vegetables.
• Butter.
• Cow's milk and food based on it: sour cream, cottage cheese, yogurt.
• Carrots, beets (juice, fresh, boiled or stewed).
• Currants, cherries, sweet cherries.
• Semolina.

Before consumption, early vegetables are soaked for 2 hours - only filtered water is used.

Allowed foods are included in the diet with caution - if the patient feels worse, they will have to be abandoned. For children, it is recommended to create a menu so that it covers energy needs and includes cereals, meat, dairy products, fruits and vegetables. Before purchasing new food products, you should carefully read the composition - even regular yogurt may contain components that cause allergies.

What can you eat

Allowed hypoallergenic products:

• vegetable oil (necessarily refined);
• melted butter, fructose;
• apples (white, green), green beans, cherries and plums of lightly colored varieties;
• currants (not bright varieties), blueberries, blueberries;
• dill and parsley, light pumpkin, carrots;
• lean meat (beef, rabbit);
• lean poultry meat (turkey);
• cheese without hot seasonings (excluding processed cheese);
• cereals (excluding semolina and couscous);
• fermented milk products (not containing dyes, fruits, flavors).

The baked goods that the author of the diet advises to include in the diet plan are represented by bread made from second-grade wheat flour, grain crispbread, as well as corn sticks and flakes without added sweetener. They can be eaten if you have allergies, even if the diet is prepared for a nursing mother. For children, the menu is selected by the doctor according to age, especially if we are talking about a small child.

When determining what you can eat if you have an allergy, it is advisable to keep a food diary - this will help both the patient and the attending physician.

It notes the quantity of the product and a description of the symptoms, if any. This is relevant for patients who have doubts about the allergenicity of food offered in the list of allowed products of a hypoallergenic diet. A food diary, which is kept scrupulously and responsibly, contains important information that is later useful in selecting studies and assessing the patient’s condition. By looking at the recorded indicators, you can understand whether the range of allergens has expanded or remains the same, and whether a new product is suitable for the patient.

Food allergies are a scourge of the 21st century, caused by the development of the food industry and the use of chemicals on a global scale. It affects people of all ages, and those who can consume all foods without consequences for the body are becoming fewer and fewer. This is why the term hypoallergenic diet is used so often today.

Most allergy sufferers know exactly what they should not eat. But at the moment, cases of allergies of unknown cause have become more frequent, when detecting the allergen is a particularly difficult task. Among the child population of the planet, the phenomenon of polyvalent sensitization has become widespread - an allergic reaction of the body to several products or substances at once.

Most often, food allergies are manifested by skin rashes of various locations, peeling, and the appearance of cracks. In children, the rash is localized on the cheeks and is popularly called diathesis.

The essence of a hypoallergenic diet

An anti-allergenic (hypoallergic) diet is a diet that excludes the consumption of potentially allergenic foods. It is prescribed for food allergies of unknown cause, as well as for hypersensitivity reactions to an unknown substance (for example, atopic dermatitis).

The essence of the diet is simple - eliminating the food allergen eliminates the body's reaction. But there is a long way to discover a substance that is undesirable for a particular case, including three stages.

1. Compliance with dietary rules until allergy symptoms disappear completely.
2. Gradual introduction of products to detect potentially dangerous ones.
3. Preparation of an individual diet.

The principle of operation of a hypoallergenic diet is simple - the complete exclusion of foods eliminates the sensitization reaction, and their gradual return to the diet performs a diagnostic function. Products identified for an individual as worsening the condition are completely excluded from the diet for a period of time or for life.

Sometimes a hypoallergenic diet is prescribed for sensitization, which is rarely provoked by foods:

• for eczema;
• for bronchial asthma;

In this case, the task of hypoallergenic nutrition is to reduce the load on the antitoxic organs: liver, kidneys, as well as cleanse the body of substances that can worsen the allergy sufferer’s condition.

Relative adherence to a hypoallergenic diet is recommended during pregnancy, as well as for nursing mothers, especially in the first months of a child’s life. This approach creates a kind of prevention of allergies in a child or intestinal colic during breastfeeding. Although many scientists argue that if the mother does not suffer from food allergies or other types, there is no need to follow a hypoallergenic diet.

Principles of nutrition

What kind of table should you have if you have allergies? The permitted list of foods on a hypoallergenic diet can include foods that meet special requirements.

• Naturalness of products. It is better to use organic products grown in natural conditions with minimal use of additives and growth stimulants. The chemical purity of products is a difficult task for modern conditions, but if you have relatives in the village or the opportunity to purchase only organically pure food, now is the time to take advantage of it.
• No processing. If possible, the diet should include food suitable for consumption with minimal heat treatment.
• Regional Compliance. Hypoallergenic food should not include products that are exotic for the allergy sufferer’s area, even though they are organic and contain minimal allergens. It is better to focus on local vegetables and fruits characteristic of a particular season.

Components of permitted dishes

The permitted products, which are listed in the table below, can be used in any quantities and combinations, but it is better to give preference to single-component dishes.

Table - Products for the menu for every day of the hypoallergenic diet

Product group	List of products
Meat	- Turkey; - chicken white meat; - beef
Cereals	- Rice; - buckwheat; - oatmeal; - millet
Dairy	- Kefir; - fermented baked milk; - pure yoghurts; - pickled cheeses
Vegetables	- Cabbage of all varieties; - cucumbers; - salad; - leafy varieties of greens; - potato; - peas; - zucchini
Fruits	- Apples; - pears; - gooseberry
Bread	- Crackers; - Rye bread; - yeast-free unleavened baked goods
Beverages	- Black tea; - compote of local dried fruits
Fat	- Sunflower oil; - melted butter; - olive oil

Moderately allergenic products

Products from this group should not be included in the daily menu, as they have the potential to cause allergies. During the first time of following a diet, it is better to refuse:

• whole milk;
• adding sour cream to dishes;
• yeast baking;
• pasta;
• rabbit meat, veal;
• freshwater fish;
• green tea.

Particularly on this list are sugar and salt. Their use is undesirable, but possible if you observe moderation. The antiallergic diet according to Pevzner advises limiting daily salt intake to 7 g.

Whole milk is used only for cooking cereals. Milk porridges can be eaten by children on a hypoallergenic diet if they have normal lactose tolerance. If, after consuming them, a change in the patient’s condition is observed, they switch to a dairy-free diet, excluding any milk and its processed products.

Forbidden food

A detailed description of the hypoallergenic diet includes strict prohibitions.

• Meat and offal. Pork, horse meat and veal are among those types of meat that contain specific protein compounds that can cause sensitization. By-products, including duck and chicken, are also excluded from the diet.
• Smoked meats and sausages. Smoked fish, dried meat, sausages in any form are completely excluded from the diet.
• Fish and seafood. Any varieties of sea fish, caviar, seafood and algae are completely excluded from the diet as potential sources of allergens.
• Eggs and honey. These foods so often cause allergies that they are always excluded completely until the allergen is precisely determined, and sometimes for the entire duration of the diet.
• Confectionery. Chocolate, ice cream, cookies, milk and jelly desserts, caramel, cocoa and other industrially produced sweet products. Allowed alternatives to desserts are homemade marshmallows and dried apples or pears.
• Fruits and vegetables . Everything red and orange falls under the veto: beets, tomatoes, red apples, currants, cherries, cherries. Exotic fruits and vegetables are also prohibited, regardless of their color: citrus fruits, pineapples, kiwi, avocado, mango, papaya.
• Cereals and corn. Wheat, rye, barley, as well as, due to its specific composition, are completely excluded from the diet.
• Spices and nuts. Any natural spices, chemicals, marinades, sauces, as well as herbal decoctions and infusions are prohibited. All types of nuts, seeds, and unrefined oils extracted from them should not be consumed by allergy sufferers.

The diet for allergies is not particularly varied. But it helps the body recover, improve its health, and find the cause of poor health.

Anti-allergenic and antihistamine diet. Important nuances

A diet for allergies involves not just limiting the list of foods consumed, but also observing special dietary rules.

• Emphasis in diet. The main sources of energy when following a diet are cereals. It is very important to ensure sufficient intake of fiber and other dietary fibers into the body by increasing the amount of indifferent vegetables in the menu.
• Cooking method. The preferred method of heat treatment of products is boiling. It ensures a reduction in the amount of allergens in products. It is acceptable to use recipes that involve steaming or baking.
• Diet . The diet implies adherence to the principles of fractional nutrition: eating individual foods at different times of the day, as well as frequent meals - frequent meals with a reduced portion size. Up to six meals are allowed per day.
• Fluid restriction. With urticaria of allergic origin, swelling of the soft tissues is often observed. The Pevzner diet recommends reducing the amount of fluid consumed until swelling disappears completely. At the same time, it is important to reduce volumes through liquid dishes, tea and drinks, rather than pure water.
• Timing of the diet. For an adult, it is recommended to follow a hypoallergenic diet menu for two to three weeks, for children - no more than 10 days, due to the risk of vitamin deficiency and slower growth and development.
• Medical consultation. In complex cases of allergies, it is necessary to coordinate the diet with your doctor. This is especially true when creating menus for children under ten years of age. It is also important to make sure that there are no contraindications to dietary restrictions - diseases of the stomach, intestines, blood, or central nervous system.

According to doctors, a hypoallergenic diet not only helps eliminate allergens and sensitization reactions, but also improves the health of the body as a whole, leading to normalization of weight and metabolic processes.

Example of a daily menu

An approximate daily menu for an antiallergic diet can be varied.

• Breakfast . , rice or seasoned with olive oil. Toasted bread. Tea.
• Second breakfast. Apple marshmallow. Kefir, fermented baked milk or natural yogurt.
• Dinner . Vegetable soup with cereals, cooked in the second broth. Steamed chicken or turkey meatballs. Pita.
• Afternoon snack. Toast with stewed zucchini. Fermented milk products.
• Dinner . Salad from any varieties of cabbage, leafy greens, peas. Stewed beef, potato side dish.

To prepare delicious snacks, you can use boiled meat, cheese, and lettuce. A sandwich made from rice or oatmeal bread with this filling will not be inferior in taste to popular burgers.

Rules for removing restrictions

Stopping the diet completely may take several months. In this case, the transition to normal nutrition occurs taking into account the following rules.

• Gradual exit from the diet. Alternate introduction of foods into the diet is used. Low-allergenic foods are introduced first, and highly allergenic foods are introduced last.
• Time to adapt. Each new product is introduced every three days. This is necessary to fully monitor the body’s reaction to new food.
• Careful observation. To determine the allergen, it is important not just to look for a rash on the body, but also to monitor the general condition of the body in response to the arrival of a new type of food. A signal of intolerance can be headache, indigestion, feeling of heaviness, bloating. For complete monitoring, it is recommended to keep a written record of the products administered and the reaction to them.
• Radical exclusion of allergens. If your condition worsens after eating Russian hard cheese, this does not mean that you need to try the Dutch variety. The best option is to exclude any type of cheese for a period of a month and only after the condition has completely stabilized can new experiments be carried out.