Mass and elite culture. Television and mass culture Direction of mass culture examples

Features of elite culture:

• complexity, specialization, creativity, innovation;
• the ability to form a consciousness ready for active transformative activity and creativity in accordance with the objective laws of reality;
• the ability to concentrate the spiritual, intellectual and artistic experience of generations;
• the presence of a limited range of values ​​recognized as true and “high”;
• a rigid system of norms accepted by a given stratum as mandatory and strict in the community of “initiates”;
• individualization of norms, values, evaluative criteria of activity, often principles and forms of behavior of members of the elite community, thereby becoming unique;
• the creation of a new, deliberately complicated cultural semantics, requiring special training and an immense cultural horizon from the addressee;
• the use of a deliberately subjective, individually creative, “defamiliarizing” interpretation of the ordinary and familiar, which brings the subject’s cultural assimilation of reality closer to a mental (sometimes artistic) experiment on it and, in the extreme, replaces the reflection of reality in elite culture with its transformation, imitation with deformation, penetration into meaning - conjecture and rethinking of the given;
• semantic and functional “closedness”, “narrowness”, isolation from the whole of national culture, which turns elite culture into a kind of secret, sacred, esoteric knowledge, and its bearers turn into a kind of “priests” of this knowledge, chosen ones of the gods, “servants of the muses” , “keepers of secrets and faith,” which is often played out and poeticized in elite culture.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Similar documents

Television as a means of influence, stages of its formation. Criticism of Russian television on the pages of Literaturnaya Gazeta. Typological characteristics of the publication, newspaper design. Analysis of materials from television critics of Literaturnaya Gazeta.

course work, added 05/01/2010


Identification of the peculiarities of the influence of Russian television on the way of thinking, formation of values ​​and culture of a modern young man. Television as a sociocultural phenomenon. Federal target program for the development of television and radio broadcasting until 2015.

course work, added 04/25/2014


The advent of television. Prospects for the development of television. Features and style of Russian television. Disadvantages of television. New media configuration. Non-state media. Television ceases to play the role of master of minds.

abstract, added 03/15/2004


Study of modern Russian popular science television. Its relationship with education, functions from the point of view of the source of knowledge. Features and genres of popular science television. A comprehensive system for optimizing its development in the country.

course work, added 12/23/2013


The formation and development of television in Russia, assessment of Russian television. Features and modern style of television and its disadvantages. Prospects for the development of one of the newest communicative tools in the education of a person in modern society.

abstract, added 12/16/2011


Characteristics of Russian television at the present stage, the intellectual orientation of modern television. Characteristics and technologies of intellectual programs on Russian television: knowledge games for money and intellectual talk shows.

course work, added 08/10/2010


Youth television: general characteristics. Background: the emergence of youth programs on Russian television. Development of youth television. Specifics of youth TV channels. Popular programs of modern television and their analysis.

course work, added 12/28/2016


Creation and development of Mongolian television. The nature of television broadcasting in the early years. Mongolian television in the 90s. Official Mongolian TV channels and cable television. Television in modern Mongolia, the main problems of its development.

course work, added 11/25/2013

Detailed solution paragraph Questions for chapter 2 in social studies for 10th grade students, authors L.N. Bogolyubov, Yu.I. Averyanov, A.V. Belyavsky 2015

1. What makes it possible to distinguish culture into an independent sphere of public life? Name the areas, elements that form the sphere of culture, reveal the connections between them.

Culture is a concept that has a huge number of meanings in various areas of human activity. Culture is the subject of study of philosophy, cultural studies, history, art history, linguistics (ethnolinguistics), political science, ethnology, psychology, economics, pedagogy, etc.

Basically, culture is understood as human activity in its most diverse manifestations, including all forms and methods of human self-expression and self-knowledge, the accumulation of skills and abilities by man and society as a whole. Culture also appears as a manifestation of human subjectivity and objectivity (character, competencies, skills, abilities and knowledge).

The variety of activities included in the cultural sphere can be divided into four large groups:

Artistic creativity;

Preservation of cultural heritage;

Club and entertainment activities;

Mass creation and distribution of cultural goods (cultural industry).

The basis for distinguishing these four groups is the difference in the composition of functions (creation, preservation, distribution of goods) and types of satisfied needs (aesthetic, entertainment, information), the orientation towards which is leading and fundamental for the corresponding types of activities.

2. “Culture,” wrote the French philosopher J.-P. Sartre, - does not save anyone or anything, and does not justify. But she is the work of man - in her he looks for his reflection, in her he recognizes himself, only in this critical mirror can he see his face.” What did the author mean? Can you agree with him on everything? Is culture capable of saving a person?

Sartre is absolutely right when he views culture as a critical mirror in which only a person can see his own face. Is it a lot or a little? Obviously, it is not enough if a person is simply satisfied with the fact that he managed to look in the “mirror”. And at the same time, it is a lot if, after looking closely, he is able to draw a practical conclusion: is he capable or not, due to his cultural appearance, of accomplishing his plans? The above applies to society as a whole. Consequently, the same Sartre is wrong when he assures that culture does not save anyone or anything. It saves - even when it is able to help a person in his historical actions; and then when, having critically assessed itself (which is undoubtedly also an act of high culture), society refrains from actions that are utopian and meaningless in the given sociocultural conditions.

3. According to the German-French thinker A. Schweitzer, the worldview must meet three requirements: to be conscious (“thinking”), ethical, the ideal of which is the transformation of reality on moral principles, optimistic. What, in your opinion, is the detailed content of each of these requirements? Do you share the scientist’s opinion or do you consider it necessary to revise or expand the range of these requirements? Give reasons for your position.

Any views and worldview of a person must have some basis, a person’s beliefs must first of all be comprehended by himself, and at some moments everyone must rethink their views in order to ultimately find their “truth”, based on life experience and observations, reasoning , thinking as such.

The worldview must correspond to general ethical standards and, first of all, be aimed at improving the existing world and order in accordance with moral principles, ethics, humanity - a person should not get hung up on what has already been achieved and must look to a bright future, while participating in its “building” himself. , rather than waiting for the world to change itself.

I share the opinion of the thinker A. Schweitzer. Now this is very relevant for our society, because speech and thinking are highly polluted and this is repulsive.

4. G. Hegel believed that an outstanding personality who creates world-historical deeds is beyond the jurisdiction of morality. It is the greatness of the matter that matters, not its moral meaning. Do you share this position? Justify your point of view.

Morality is highly averaged. General rules are necessary for social balance. And preservation of the state. Any new endeavor requires going beyond these boundaries. Genius always falls out of the general flow. Even famous religious reformers violated already established written laws, for which they were executed. Only history has shown who is great and who has ascribed to himself the immortal glory of being the maker of history. The opinion of contemporaries is often deceptive and hasty. And the further from the event, the more adequate the assessment. The creators of the consciousness of humanity are above average morality, but they only expand the scope. Impostors have always been distinguished by unjustified cruelty and lack of modesty.

5. What folk proverbs and sayings condemn laziness, indiscipline and irresponsibility? Use the collection of proverbs and sayings collected by V. I. Dahl.

I want to swallow it, but I’m too lazy to chew it.

A lazy man in the middle of the river asks for a drink.

While the lazy one warms up, the diligent one returns from work.

Mother Sloth was born before him.

Water does not flow under a lying stone.

You will become lazy, you will drag your money around.

He's too lazy to be lazy.

Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils him.

It's a long day until the evening, if there's nothing to do.

Out of boredom, take matters into your own hands.

A small deed is better than a big idleness.

Blooper - the ship won't leave.

You won't wake up the sleepy one, and you won't get the lazy one.

It's always a holiday for the lazy.

Put off idleness, but don’t put off doing things.

Drinking tea is not cutting wood.

White hands love other people's works.

They don't take cities as a seat.

Long thread - lazy seamstress.

6. Russian scientist, Nobel Prize laureate Academician Zh. I. Alferov, soon after the award, stated that if the Nobel Prize had existed in the 18th century, the first one should have been given to Peter the Great for building an education system according to the triad: gymnasium - university - academy. Justify, based on modern experience, the essence and meaning of this triad.

The triad: gymnasium - university - academy, in the modern world reflects the continuity of education.

Continuing education is the process of growth of an individual’s educational (general and professional) potential throughout life, organizationally supported by a system of state and public institutions and corresponding to the needs of the individual and society. The goal is the formation and development of personality both during periods of its physical and socio-psychological maturation, flourishing and stabilization of vital forces and abilities, and during periods of aging of the body, when the task of compensating for lost functions and capabilities comes to the fore. The system-forming factor is the social need for the constant development of the personality of each person.

7. Find in reference books on religious studies, for example, in the dictionary “Religions of the Peoples of Modern Russia”, concepts related to the moral teachings of Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Judaism. Compare them and highlight their common or similar content.

Christianity is an Abrahamic world religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as described in the New Testament. Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth is the Messiah, the Son of God and the Savior of mankind. Christians do not doubt the historicity of Jesus Christ. Christianity is the largest world religion. The largest movements in Christianity are Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism. Christianity arose in the 1st century in Palestine and already in the first decades of its existence became widespread in other provinces and among other ethnic groups.

Islam is the youngest and second largest monotheistic Abrahamic religion in the world after Christianity. In 28 countries, Islam is the state or official religion. The majority of Muslims (85-90%) are Sunnis, the rest are Shiites and Ibadis. The founder of Islam is Muhammad (d. 632). Holy book - Koran. The second most important source of Islamic doctrine and law is the Sunna, which is a set of traditions (hadith) about the sayings and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad. The language of worship is Arabic. Followers of Islam are called Muslims.

Buddhism is a religious and philosophical teaching (dharma) about spiritual awakening (bodhi), which arose around the 6th century BC. e. in Ancient India. The founder of the teaching is considered to be Siddhartha Gautama, who later received the name Shakyamuni Buddha. It is one of the world's oldest religions, recognized by a wide variety of peoples with completely different traditions.

Judaism is a religious, national and ethical worldview formed among the Jewish people, one of the oldest monotheistic religions of mankind and the oldest existing to the present day. Jews are an ethno-religious group that includes those who were born Jewish and those who converted to Judaism. About 42% of all Jews live in Israel and about 42% live in the United States and Canada, with most of the rest living in Europe. Judaism claims historical continuity spanning more than 3,000 years.

8. How are culture and religion related? Show with specific examples the relationship between secular and religious principles in works of art.

Religion is one of the forms of culture. Religion forms a certain worldview and provides answers to questions about the meaning of life and death. In the religious sphere, cultural monuments are created: temples, icons, musical compositions.

9. How does one learn about the world around us through art? Why is art called “figurative cognition”?

Understanding the world around us through art occurs as a person perceives it. Let's give an example. Let's say paintings. They can depict people, plants, nature, interiors, landscapes, anything. Often art is based on reality, but there are exceptions. But these exceptions are knowledge of the world of human psychology, which is also our environment. Art is called “imaginative cognition” because there is an intuitive assimilation of new phenomena.

Additional material:

All art objects are a historical source. And through the study of this art, people understand the world in the past, distant or not, as well as in the present. After all, let’s say, contemporary avant-garde art is a good indicator of what worries a modern person, what forms of expression he finds, what problems haunt him, etc.

On the other hand, by creating, a person also learns about the world around him, first of all, through knowing himself. Expressing oneself in art is one of the ways of reflection, a way not only to learn, but also to come to terms with the surrounding reality.

The subject of art - people's lives - is extremely diverse and is reflected in art in all its diversity in the form of artistic images. The latter, being the result of fiction, nevertheless reflect reality and always bear the imprint of really existing objects, events and phenomena. An artistic image performs the same functions in art as a concept in science: with its help, the process of artistic generalization occurs, highlighting the essential features of cognizable objects. The created images constitute the cultural heritage of society and are capable, having become symbols of their time, to have a serious influence on public consciousness.

10. Give a specific example of a mass culture phenomenon. Highlight the relevant features in it and explain how it affects the consumer.

Example: modern pop music (pop music, TV shows).

Signs: the most important thing is accessible to the majority, does not require monetary expenditure, arose at the time of globalization.

Influence: positive, entertains people, provides an opportunity to get acquainted with the culture of other countries (example: manner of singing, dancing, speaking)

11. Try to independently develop a specific model of a work from one of the genres of mass culture. According to the laws of the genre, determine what the main character should be like, what must be present in the plot, what the outcome should be, etc.

The main character must first be a nondescript, loser, working 5/2, who suddenly has superpower/luck/money/fame (and everything that a loser from reality dreams of), then any test must appear (save the world/sister/bank / love, etc.), and of course the LCD genius villain, whom no one could catch until this moment, but then he appears, nothing works out for him the first time, but the hero wins the second time, but he must be wounded in order there was a tearful scene and a kiss at the end

12. Name the works of elite culture. Explain why you assigned them to her. Show how they interact with the sphere of popular culture.

Elite culture (high) is a creative avant-garde, a laboratory of art, where new types and forms of art are constantly created. It is also called high culture, because it is created by the elite of society, or at its request by professional creators. It includes fine art, classical music and literature. As a rule, elite culture is ahead of the level of perception of it by a moderately educated person and the general public. Creators of elite culture, as a rule, do not count on a wide audience. To understand these works you need to master the special language of art. Thus, the works of abstract artists in the form of color compositions are difficult to perceive by a person who is not familiar with the laws of painting and symbolic color images. The motto of elite culture is “Art for art’s sake.” In modern culture, the films of Fellini, Tarkovsky, books by Kafka, Böll, paintings by Picasso, music by Duval, Schnittke are classified as elitist. However, sometimes elite works become popular (for example, films by Coppola and Bertolucci, works by Salvador Dali and Shemyakin).

All types of creativity have special features. Let us list the main features of mass culture:

• accessibility for all people

Works of mass culture are accessible and understandable to most people; they are created for relaxation and pleasure.

Mass culture appeared during a period of rapid development of technology, the transition to widespread factory production - industrialization. Then a person began to need a simple, pleasant form of leisure after a working day. It was during this period that simple, entertaining books, films and music appeared.

• consumer interest

Works of mass culture attract viewers with understandable plots that tell about emotions and feelings close to them, forcing them to empathize with the characters. The action usually happens quickly and the audience gets a happy ending.

• availability of entire series, large circulation

Works of popular culture are produced in large quantities: books, CDs with films and music. Repeatability also applies to the plots themselves, which, as a rule, are not diverse, and only the details change.

TOP 3 articleswho are reading along with this

• passivity of perception

Mass culture does not require great moral expenditure or special work from the consumer. It makes it easier to perceive thanks to the lightness of the plots and bright images. For example, when watching a film, you don’t need to imagine, figure out the plot, imagine the characters, as when reading a book.

• commercial purposes

The peculiarity of mass culture is that the works in it are created by professionals who want to sell them and benefit from it. In order for the product to be bought by as many people as possible, they focus on things that are simple and understandable to the majority.

Some people support the view that mass culture is primitive. But it cannot be unequivocally assessed as bad. Thanks to her, many wonderful artists and works were born, for example, M. Mitchell’s novel “Gone with the Wind.”

Mass media

Special channels play a major role in the dissemination of mass culture, through which works find their consumers by regularly broadcasting them. The media include television, radio, newspapers, magazines. Nowadays the Internet has gained the most popularity.

What have we learned?

Having studied the topic in social studies, we learned that mass culture is a type of human activity aimed at creating goods that are in great demand in society. This could be films and books, music and painting. Their main difference from other types of art is that they are created by professionals for the purpose of sale and have simple and understandable plots, reflecting emotions and feelings that are close to people.

Test on the topic

Evaluation of the report

Average rating: 4.6. Total ratings received: 318.