Correct parsing. Parsing a simple sentence

Syntactic analysis of a simple sentence has become firmly established in the practice of primary and secondary schools. This is the most difficult and voluminous type of grammatical analysis. It includes the characteristics and outline of the sentence, analysis by members indicating parts of speech.

The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from the 5th grade. The full set of features of a simple sentence is indicated in the 8th grade, and in the 9th grade the focus is on complex sentences.

In this type of analysis, the levels of morphology and syntax are correlated: the student must be able to identify parts of speech, recognize their forms, find conjunctions, understand how words are connected in a phrase, know the signs of the main and minor members of a sentence.

Let's start with the simplest thing: we will help the children prepare for parsing in 5th grade. In elementary school, the student remembers the sequence of parsing and performs it at an elementary level, indicating the grammatical basis, syntactic connections between words, the type of sentence according to the composition and purpose of the statement, learns to draw up diagrams and find homogeneous members.

In elementary schools, different Russian language programs are used, so the level of requirements and student preparation are different. In the fifth grade, I took in children who studied in elementary school under the programs of the educational system "School 2100", "School of Russia" and "Primary School of the 21st Century". There are also big differences. Elementary school teachers do a tremendous job to compensate for the shortcomings of their textbooks, and they themselves “lay” continuity between primary and secondary schools.

In grade 5, the material on sentence analysis is generalized, expanded and built into a more complete form; in grades 6-7 it is improved taking into account newly learned morphological units (verb forms: participle and gerund; adverb and state category; function words: prepositions, conjunctions and particles ).

Let us show with examples the differences between the level of requirements in the parsing format.

In 4th grade	In 5th grade
In a simple sentence, the grammatical basis is highlighted, familiar parts of speech are indicated above the words, homogeneous members are emphasized, phrases are written out, or syntactic connections between words are drawn. Scheme: [O -, O]. Declarative, non-exclamatory, simple, common, with homogeneous predicates. Noun (main word) + adj., Ch. (main word) + noun. Ch. (main word) + place. Adverb + verb (main word)	Syntactic connections are not drawn, phrases are not written out, the scheme and basic notations are the same, but the characteristics are different: narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. Analysis is constantly practiced in lessons and participates in grammatical tasks in control dictations.
In a complex sentence, the grammatical basics are emphasized, the parts are numbered, familiar parts of speech are signed over the words, the type is indicated according to the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring, according to the composition and presence of minor members. Parsing scheme: [O and O] 1, 2, and 3. Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, widespread.	The scheme remains the same, but the characteristics are different: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, consists of 3 parts that are connected by a non-union and union connection, 1 part has homogeneous members, all parts are two-part and widespread. Analysis of a complex sentence in grade 5 is for educational purposes and is not a means of control.
Sentence patterns with direct speech: A: “P!” or "P," - a. The concept of quotation is introduced, which coincides in design with direct speech.	The diagrams are supplemented by a break in direct speech with the words of the author: “P, - a. - P.” and "P, - a, - p". The concept of dialogue and ways of its design are introduced. Schemes are drawn up, but sentences with direct speech are not characterized.

Plan for parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Find out the type of sentence by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory or exclamatory).

3. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence, underline it and indicate the methods of expression, indicate that the sentence is simple.

4. Determine the composition of the main members of the proposal (two-part or one-part).

5. Determine the presence of minor members (common or non-common).

6. Emphasize the minor members of the sentence, indicate the ways of their expression (parts of speech): from the composition of the subject and the composition of the predicate.

7. Determine the presence of missing members of the sentence (complete or incomplete).

8. Determine the presence of a complication (complicated or not complicated).

9. Write down the characteristics of the proposal.

10. Create an outline of the proposal.

For analysis, we used sentences from Sergei Kozlov’s wonderful fairy tales about the Hedgehog and the Little Bear.

1) It was an extraordinary autumn day!

2) Everyone’s duty is to work.

3) Thirty mosquitoes ran out into the clearing and began to play their squeaky violins.

4) He has neither a father, nor a mother, nor a Hedgehog, nor a Bear.

5) And Belka took some nuts and a cup and hurried after.

6) And they put things in a basket: mushrooms, honey, a teapot, cups - and went to the river.

7) Pine needles, fir cones, and even cobwebs - they all straightened up, smiled and began to sing with all their might the last autumn song of the grass.

8) The Hedgehog lay, covered up to his nose with a blanket, and looked at the Little Bear with quiet eyes.

9) The hedgehog sat on a hill under a pine tree and looked at the moonlit valley, flooded with fog.

10) Across the river, the forest was dark, blazing with aspens.

11) So until the evening they ran, jumped, jumped off the cliff and screamed at the top of their lungs, setting off the stillness and silence of the autumn forest.

12) And he jumped like a real kangaroo.

13) Water, where are you running?

14) Maybe he's gone crazy?

15) It seems to me that he imagined himself... as the wind.

Examples of parsing simple sentences

Analysis plan:

• Complex.

  The number of parts in a complex complex, their boundaries (highlight grammatical bases in simple sentences).

  Means of communication between parts (indicate conjunctions and determine the meaning of a complex sentence).

  Proposal outline.

Sample parsing:

Was winter, but all the last days stood thaw. (I. Bunin).

(Narrative, non-exclamative, complex, conjunction, compound, consists of two parts, opposition is expressed between the first and second parts, the parts are connected by an adversative conjunction But.)

Offer outline:

1 but 2.

The order of syntactic parsing of a complex sentence

Analysis plan:

Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or motivating).

Type of sentence according to emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

• Complex.

  Main and subordinate parts.

  What does the subordinate clause spread?

  What is the subordinate clause attached to?

  Location of the subordinate part.

  Type of subordinate part.

  Complex sentence diagram.

Sample parsing:

When she played downstairs on the piano 1, I got up And listened 2 . (A.P. Chekhov)

(Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, conjunction, complex, consists of two parts. The 2nd part is the main one, the 1st is the subordinate part, the subordinate part extends the main part and joins it with a conjunction When, the subordinate part is located before the main one, the type of subordinate part is the subordinate clause).

Offer outline:

(union when...) 1, [...] 2.

subordinate clause

Noun.. verb. union of places Verb. ex. adj. noun

Travelers saw, What They are on small clearing. (Narrative, non-vocal, complex, SPP with explanatory adjective, 1) non-distributive, two-part, complete. 2) distribution, two-part, full).

[ ____ ], (What…).

The order of syntactic parsing of a non-conjunctive complex sentence

Analysis plan:

Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or motivating).

Type of sentence according to emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

• Non-Union.

  Number of parts (highlight grammatical basics in simple sentences).

  Proposal outline.

Sample parsing:

The song ended 1 - the usual applause was heard 2. (I.S. Turgenev)

(Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-union, consists of two parts, the first part indicates the time of action of what is said in the second part, a dash is placed between the parts.)

Offer outline:

A sentence contains information, asks about it, or directs action. Most often it has a base and secondary members describing it. To learn or refresh your memory of a topic, it is useful to study examples of grammatical analysis of sentences in Russian.

The grammatical basis in parsing a sentence

The basis is quite logical in application. It consists of a subject, which directly names a thing or phenomenon, and a predicate, an action committed or directed at an object.

The subject is always used in the initial form (nominative clause), but can be not only a noun. It could be:

• numeral - to indicate quantity, set, number (there were three people in line; four was his best estimate);
• personal pronoun (he walked quietly along the corridor; we left the classroom);
• indefinite pronoun (someone was sitting in the room; something was disturbing me);
• negative pronoun (no one could stop them);
• adjective as a noun (the person in charge was appointed by management; the person on duty kept order).

In grammatical analysis of a sentence, it is customary to highlight the subject by underlining, and the predicate by double underlining.

The predicate is most often a verb, but has several types:

• simple verb, expressed by a verb in any mood (the dog ran along the alley; the student gets up early);
• compound verb, consists of an auxiliary verb (modal word) and an infinitive (she started running in the morning; I have to go to work);
• compound nominal, having a linking verb (most often - to be) and a nominative part (a schoolboy has become a student; bread is their main food; three times two is six(the word “will” is omitted);

Completeness of the sentence

Based on the composition of the base, sentences can be two-part, where both main members are present or one is implied (incomplete) (night has fallen; where is he("is located" omitted) ?) , and one-piece. The latter are:

• definitely personal, in which it is clear from the face of the verb who we are talking about (I'm doing my best(I); let's go for a walk(We));
• indefinite personal, expressed by a past tense verb in the plural (there was a noise on the floor below; they were singing somewhere in the distance);
• generalized-personal, which attribute action to everyone (often found in proverbs and sayings) (if you want to eat a fish, you have to get into the water; you go and admire the view);
• impersonal, not implying any object (it got dark; he was very sorry; it was cold in the room).

Secondary, but no less important

To provide detailed information, the object and action are supported by third-party words and constructions. They are:

When performing grammatical analysis of a sentence, they should also be taken into account. If there are minor members, the proposal is considered widespread; accordingly, without them, it is considered unextended.

Complex sentences are not difficult at all

Various plug-ins complement the offer, increasing the volume of information. They are embedded between the main and secondary members, but are defined as a separate part, which is a separate point in the grammatical analysis of the sentence. These components can be removed or replaced without losing the meaning of the text. Among them:

• isolated definitions applicable to an object member (describe a property, stand out as a definition) are participial phrases (the kettle, heating up on the stove, whistled sharply; the road led to a house located in the forest);
• isolated circumstances (identified as a circumstance) are adverbial phrases (he ran, stumbling over stones; looking apprehensively, the dog extended his paw);
• homogeneous members of a sentence - perform the same function and always ask the same question (there were scattered on the floor(What?) books, notebooks, notes(homogeneous subject); on weekends we only(what they were doing?) slept and walked(homogeneous predicate); he looked at(whom?) mom and sister(homogeneous addition));
• an address to someone, which is always separated by a comma and is an independent member of the sentence (my son, you did the right thing; You, Andrey, misunderstood me);
• introductory words (probably, perhaps, finally, etc.) (I probably got excited; tomorrow will most likely be hot).

How to make a grammatical analysis of a sentence, taking into account all the components?

For analysis, a clear algorithm has been created that does not cause difficulties if you know all of the above structures and components of the sentence. Among them, simple and complex ones stand out - the order of analysis is slightly different. The following is a grammatical analysis of sentences with examples for individual cases.

Simple sentence

At the beginning of autumn, the city alleys, covered with a golden carpet, shimmer whimsically.

1. Identify the main members. There should be one basis, as in this example: alleys- subject, shimmer- predicate.

2. Select minor members: (when?) early autumn- circumstance, (what?) covered with a golden carpet- separate definition, (how?) whimsical- circumstance, (what?) urban- definition.

3. Identify parts of speech:

In the previous beginning of noun. autumn n. , covered with pribl. golden adj. carpet noun , whimsically adv. ch. shimmer urban adj. alleys noun

4. Describe the signs:

• purpose of the statement (narrative, motivating, interrogative);
• intonation (exclamatory, non-exclamatory);
• by basis (two-part, one-part - indicate which);
• completeness (complete, incomplete)
• by the presence of minor ones (common, uncommon);
• complicated (if yes, then by what) or not complicated;

The characteristics of this are non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by a separate definition.

This is what a complete grammatical analysis of a sentence looks like.

Difficult sentence

Since a complex sentence includes two or more simple ones, it is quite logical to parse them separately, but the parsing algorithm is still different. The grammatical analysis of sentences in Russian is ambiguous. Complex sentences connecting simple ones are:

An example of parsing a complex sentence

In the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy, but on weekends everyone gathered together at one big table.

1. All the basics are covered. There are several of them in a complex sentence: every- subject, was busy- compound nominal predicate; All- subject, were going to- predicate.
2. Identify parts of speech.

In other family noun. , regardless adv. from ave. age n. , every pronoun. was ch. very nar. busy adj. , nose. on the other weekend adj. pronoun everything. were going to for example big adj. table su sch.

1. Identify the presence of an alliance. There is a “but” here. This means that the proposal is a union one.
2. Simple ones can be characterized by their position if there is a union (point 2). This example is a complex sentence, the simple ones in it are equivalent (i.e., if desired, you can divide it into two independent ones). In the case of a non-union union, this item is not indicated.
3. Make a general description: narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, compound.
4. Disassemble the simple ones inside separately:

• in the family, regardless of age, everyone was very busy (narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, complete, widespread, complicated by the separate definition “regardless of age”)a
• on weekends, everyone gathered around a large table (narrative, non-vocal, simple, two-part, complete, dist., unspoken)

Complex sentence

The algorithm will be similar, only with the indication of a subordinating conjunction. It is included in the composition. You also need to highlight the main thing and find out how the subordinate clauses (parentheses) are “attached” to it.

This is a type of subordination, not a mandatory point, but also often taken into account.

The main thing is to remember that grammatical and syntactic analysis are synonyms. Seeing one of the words in a task should not be intimidating, since the topic is quite general and quickly learned. For foreigners it is difficult because of the great variability, but that is why the Russian language is beautiful.

Tasks related to syntactic analysis of text cause difficulties for schoolchildren and students of the philology department. A competently carried out syntactic analysis of a sentence requires quite extensive knowledge in the field of the Russian language. But, having basic concepts, you can successfully cope with the tasks.

What is sentence parsing

Parsing is the analysis of a sentence according to the following criteria:

1. Type according to the purpose of the statement.
2. Kind of emotional coloring.
3. The number of stems (hereinafter simple and complex sentences are parsed according to a certain order).
4. Characteristics of the members of the sentence.
5. Constructions that complicate the sentence (if any).
6. Punctuation analysis.
7. Scheme (if required).

Sentence parsing free online

Finding a program that can correctly perform parsing in full, taking into account all the nuances, is quite difficult. But still there are several services on the network that will help solve the problem.

The Seosin.ru resource is the most popular available. When you enter a sentence in the appropriate window, you can get a syntactic analysis of the text.

If semantic analysis is required for analysis, it is best to use the program of the well-known exchange “Advego”.

You can also get an online solution from specialists - philologists and linguists. To do this, you need to go to the appropriate forum (http://gramota.ru/, https://lingvoforum.net/, http://lingvo.zone/). Professionals will definitely help with analysis and give a comprehensive answer to the most difficult question.

Do the parsing yourself

You can comprehend all the intricacies of analysis if you carefully read the information below and practice a little.

I. Purpose of the utterance

Depending on the purpose, proposals are divided into:

1. narrative(they convey information, report something, affirm or deny. At the end of such sentences there is a period or an exclamation mark);
2. interrogative(contain a question, at the end there is (required!) a question mark);
3. incentive(contain an incentive, appeal, request, demand). Characteristic are incentive intonation, the use of imperative verbs, particles let, let, come on.

II. Emotional coloring

The indicator is the presence of an exclamation mark. There he is - a proposal exclamation point, No - non-exclamatory. Any of the sentences according to the purpose of the statement can become exclamatory.

III. Number of grammar points

Based on the availability of basics, proposals are simple and complex. Simple ones include those in which there is 1 grammatical basis.

Accordingly, a complex sentence must have 2 or more stems.

III. 1. The procedure for parsing a simple sentence

The type of proposal based on the presence of main members should be indicated.

The main members include subjects and predicates.

Subject answers the questions who and what? Can be expressed by almost any part of speech.

Predicate answers the questions what does it do, what is this object, who is it, what is it like, what state is it in? It can also be expressed by different parts of speech.

Minor members include addition(answers questions about indirect cases), definition(which? whose?) and circumstance(where? when? where? how much? etc.)

III. 1.1 Common and non-common offers

If a sentence contains only main members, it uncirculated. If the sentence has at least one minor member - common.

III. 1.2. One-piece or two-piece

If a sentence has a subject and a predicate, the sentence is two-part. If only one main member is one-piece.

III. 2. Analysis of a complex sentence.

After determining the type of simple or complex sentence, it is necessary to analyze the secondary members, find complicating structures and explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Parsing examples

Syntactical analysis of the sentence: The sun was already quite high in the clear sky.

• 1 base - simple,
• The basis is the sun (subject) stood (predicate). Secondary members of the sentence: stood (where?) in the sky (adverbial). In the sky (what?) pure (definition). It was (how?) already quite high (circumstance).

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The rain fell along the garden path.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 1 base - simple,
• there are both main terms - two-part,
• there are minor ones - common.
• The bottom line is that the rain has passed.
• Secondary members: walked (where or how?) along the path (circumstance). Garden path (what?) (definition).
• There are no complicating structures or punctuation marks.

Syntactical analysis of the sentence: Blueness appeared between the thinning tops.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 1 base - simple,
• there are both main terms - two-part,
• there are minor ones - common.
• The base appeared blue.
• Secondary members: appeared (where?) between the tops (circumstance), (which ones?) blue (definition).
• There are no complicating structures or punctuation marks.

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: Old handwritten books were worth their weight in gold.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 1 base - simple,
• there are both main terms - two-part,
• there are minor ones - common.
• The basis is that books were valued.
• Secondary members: were valued (how?) as worth their weight in gold (circumstance). Books (what?) old handwritten (definition).
• There are no complicating structures or punctuation marks.

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The summer was dry, there was almost no rain.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 2 basics (the summer was dry and there was no rain), so we analyze a complex sentence,
• Part 1 – undistributed,
• Part 2 – common. The secondary member is a circumstance (how?) almost.
• Non-Union.
• The parts are separated by a comma.

We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence one way or another. Order in parsing. And, at the end, we analyze the subordinate and main clauses as simple sentences. Errors when parsing a simple sentence§4. We highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex sentence.

The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, means of communication, subordinating conjunction because, complex sentence. Select the required phrase from the sentence. We indicate which part of speech is the main and dependent word. Next, we indicate in what syntactic way this phrase is connected.

It is important to follow the parsing order. Next, we analyze the words that are included in this circulation according to the members of the sentence. First, we note that in this sentence there is direct speech. We indicate the direct speech and text of the author. We draw a proposal diagram. First, we indicate which sentence according to the purpose of the statement is interrogative, declarative or motivating. We find conjunctions that connect simple sentences into complex ones.

We read them out and name the number of simple sentences that make up a complex sentence. We determine the meaning of the relationships between simple sentences. By meaning, we establish how simple ones are formed in a complex sentence. I. Analyze the proposal by members. II. Divide the sentence into parts, number the parts in order. III. Make a descriptive analysis according to the following scheme: 1. According to the purpose of the statement: – narrative, – interrogative, – motivating.

In a simple sentence:

A direct object is an object in the accusative case without a preposition, referring to the member of the sentence expressed by a transitive verb. They mainly connect parts of a complex sentence, but can also be used in a simple sentence to connect homogeneous and heterogeneous members. If we have a sentence in front of us, then select phrases from it. Naturally, the characteristics of a phrase differ from the characteristics of a sentence, because a phrase is not an independent syntactic unit, like a sentence.

But a simple sentence has only one grammatical basis, and complex ones have more than one. Therefore, for the latter it is important to identify the nature of the syntactic connection between the parts. That is, the parsing schemes for simple and complex sentences have important differences. When starting parsing, it is important to understand what units of syntax you are parsing and what is required for this.

In a sentence that has homogeneous members.

1. Determine the main and dependent words, highlight the main thing, and from it raise a question to the dependent one. 3. Determine the type of syntactic connection: coordination, control, adjacency. The second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basis, we went with the class, common, not complicated.

An example of parsing a complex sentence

A sentence with direct speech, direct speech is in preposition in relation to the words of the author. The author's words are a simple sentence, two-part, unextended, complete, uncomplicated.

The simplest way to respond to an invalid token input string is to terminate the parsing and display an error message. However, it is often useful to find as many errors as possible in one parse attempt. When an error is encountered, the parser passes the input tokens one at a time until one of a specially defined set of synchronizing tokens is found. Sometimes, when an error is encountered, the parser may make local adjustments to the input stream so that it can continue running.

Naturally, this strategy is powerless if the actual error occurred before the point at which the parser detected the error. When such productions are triggered, an error is logged, but the parser continues to operate as normal. Word order in a sentence refers to the sequential arrangement of its members.

Changing the usual, direct order of words in a sentence leads to their semantic and emotional emphasis. Syntactic analysis of a simple sentence has become firmly established in the practice of primary and secondary schools. This is the most difficult and voluminous type of grammatical analysis. The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from the 5th grade. Let's start with the simplest thing: we will help the children prepare for parsing in 5th grade.

Let us show with examples the differences between the level of requirements in the parsing format. Analysis is constantly practiced in lessons and participates in grammatical tasks in control dictations. Analysis of a complex sentence in grade 5 is for educational purposes and is not a means of control.

The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse. Stage 2: Determine the intonation and emotional coloring of the sentence. At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence. Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.

And finally, we indicate what its grammatical meaning is. Next, you need to talk about how this proposal is constructed. First, the predicate and subject are determined, then the secondary ones, which are included first in the subject, then in the predicate. We determine the meaning of this entire complex sentence - opposition, alternation or enumeration. We explain what kind of complex sentence it is, pay attention to how it is constructed, how the subordinate clause is connected to the main sentence and what it refers to.

Next you need to analyze the sentence by members, indicating what parts of speech they are. First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples. Parsing requires knowledge and skills. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicate was not specified, common, not complicated. Parsing - In computer science, parsing is the process of matching a linear sequence of lexemes (words, tokens) of a language with its formal grammar.