The Iskander OTRK is an operational-tactical missile system of increased mobility, capable of changing position in a short period of time and launching two medium- and long-range missiles.
The complex is woven into the Russian system of deterrence against NATO and US forces. The reason for its creation was the deployment by Western countries of missile defense systems along the borders of the Russian Federation, supposedly to counter the nuclear threat from Iran.
Advantages of OTRK Iskander
According to the technical specifications, the Iskander or 9K720 is equipped with missiles capable of hitting an object at a distance of 500 km. This is exactly the distance specified in the Treaty on the Reduction and Elimination of Short- and Medium-Range Missiles - INF Treaty.
Under the terms of the treaty, the United States and the USSR were obliged to get rid of missiles with the range described above. For this reason, the Soviet Union retired the Iskander's predecessor, the Oka.
The USA and the USSR are obliged to get rid of long-range missiles.
However, the Americans themselves violate the terms of the treaty. They are developing new short- and medium-range missile systems. Most of these weapons are carried on missile cruisers and carried by specialized aircraft. For example, Reaper and Predator aircraft.
Even the missile defense elements located on the territory of Romania and Poland have a dual purpose and are capable of launching not only anti-missile missiles, but also Tomahawk missiles equipped with nuclear warheads.
The Iskander analogue of the Patriot air defense system is the main missile defense system of the United States and a number of NATO countries It was this reason that provoked the development and development of the Iskander air defense system - a new generation weapon. According to NATO classification, this weapon is designated SS-26 Stone and is considered the most dangerous product of the Russian Armed Forces. The 9K720 division is comparable in firepower to the US aviation group.
According to experts, the combined strike of the complexes is capable of penetrating the existing missile defense and air defense systems in Europe, delivering a crushing blow to strategic points and “breaking” the defenses for subsequent cruise missile attacks.
A little history
Iskander is a relatively new missile system and does not have any outstanding history.
First steps
The Second World War was going on. The German army crushed one power after another and it seemed that the victorious march of the Third Reich would not be stopped by anything. Poland, Benelux countries, France...
Somewhere the Nazis met fierce resistance. Elsewhere they were greeted as friends.
Gradually the German army acquired the status of invincible.
In June 1941, on the night of the 22nd, without a declaration of war, Reich forces invaded the territory of the USSR. The Soviet units were broken, the fighting moved into the interior of the country. It seemed that nothing would stop the Germans.
However, the Soviet people withstood the brown onslaught. The fascist troops first got stuck near Moscow, and then were completely thrown back from the capital to a considerable distance.
The Battle of Moscow, although it did not become a turning point, showed that the Krauts were not invincible. The turning point came after the Battle of Kursk. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers took part in head-on battles, hundreds of aircraft circled in the sky, and the number of destroyed tanks numbered hundreds.
It was this battle that became the turning point of the entire Second World War - the vector of movement of the armies changed to polar.
Seeing that things were not going well at the fronts, Hitler ordered the intensification of the development of new types of weapons capable of stopping the enemy and preventing him from setting foot on German soil.
"Vau" - the first combat missile of the Germans during the Second World War.
One of the projects that received additional funding was the development of the Fau projectile. In fact, it was the first combat missile.
With their help it was planned to destroy strategic objects and communications. The V-V was actively tested until 1944, when most of the rocket manufacturing plants were destroyed or captured.
Following the results of World War II, some German specialists were transported to the USSR. German scientists actively worked for the benefit of the victorious country.
Contrary to popular belief, scientists and engineers were not starved. On the contrary, people received enhanced rations. Thanks to their work, the development of jet aircraft was accelerated. Including various types of missiles.
It was with German scientists that domestic rocket science began.
Using their developments, Soviet scientists created a base on the basis of which flights into space and the emergence of means of delivering nuclear weapons subsequently became possible.
A little later, but not yet Iskander
The development of diverse missile systems became most widespread during the reign of Nikita Khrushchev. The Secretary General was very fond of this class of weapons and saw inexhaustible potential in it. Thanks to Khrushchev, the development of ICBMs was accelerated. Many consider this to be the main achievement of the leader of the USSR.
It was at this time that the development of the R-17 rocket began. Compared to its predecessor R-11, the new model had a larger flight radius and carried up to a ton of payload. For example, a high-explosive fragmentation charge of increased power or a nuclear warhead of several kilotons.
The Iskander flight range reached 240 km. It became possible to launch from a mobile chassis.
reached the flight range of the first Iskander missiles
Another name for the 9P117 complex is “Scud”. It is under this name that the installation is known throughout the world. Adopted in 1962, it was used by the USSR and the Warsaw Pact countries. However, after the development of the new complex, 9P117 began to be exported to the countries of the Middle East. For example, to Egypt and Iraq.
The Middle East has never been known for its calm. Throughout the twentieth century, conflicts between countries regularly occurred there.
The Scud was used by the Egyptians during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. The strikes were carried out on the Israeli Armed Forces.
In 1991, during the Gulf War, Iraq carried out attacks on Israeli territory. Even the Patriot installations purchased from the Americans did not help “God’s chosen people.”
"Oka", almost, "Iskander"
No matter how good the 9K72 complex was, time takes its toll. New technologies are emerging, leaps are being made in the development of electronics, and military requirements are increasing.
For this reason, in the mid-70s of the last century, work began on the creation of a new missile launcher - the Oka OTRK. S. Nepobedimy was appointed general designer. It is worth noting that subsequently it was he who took part in the creation of Iskander.
this summer the first tests of the missile system took place
The complex was first tested in the summer of 1978. The tests took place at the Kapustin Yar training ground.
It is worth noting an interesting fact: this test site was a test site for most Soviet-Russian missiles for many years.
In total, during the tests, the Oka made about 30 launches. The complex was adopted by the USSR Armed Forces in 1980.
OTRK "Oka": Victim of the RMSD agreement The rocket used by the complex could reach speeds of up to 5M. Flight range - 500 km. The characteristics made it possible to effectively overcome enemy defenses and hit command posts, warehouses and other infrastructure. It was possible to use a nuclear charge with a yield of 5 kilotons as a warhead.
In 1987, Gorbachev signed an agreement to limit the use of medium-short-range missiles. The INF Treaty was also signed by the American side. As a result, most of the Oka OTRK was written off and destroyed. True, the complex was in service until 2003. In limited quantities.
Until 2003, the Oka OTRK was in service with Russia.
By the way, the treaty restrictions applied only to missiles with a flight range of less than 500 km and more than 5500 km. It was on the basis of the new parameters that the development of the next project began.
Development of Iskander
To say that Iskander was created in extremely simple and pleasant conditions means to sin against the truth as much as possible.
First of all, it’s worth starting with the fact that the idea to create a new Iskander-M missile system, the characteristics of which had no analogues in the world, was proposed by S. Nepobedimy. The designer took into account all the restrictions caused by the INF Treaty.
The new installation was planned to use modern Iskander missiles, the performance characteristics of which made it possible to overcome layered enemy defenses at a range exceeding 500 km. However, the idea encountered opposition from Gorbachev. Frankly speaking, the “first” president of the USSR screwed up a lot of things.
Subsequently, after the collapse of the country, development still started. Chaos and confusion reigned in the country. Markets collapsed and production chains were disrupted. The designers were not paid wages for six months.
But tests and tests of the complex continued. Not thanks to, but in spite of. The main problem was irregular funding. Every missile and system tested had to be thoroughly checked.
this year the first working sample of the updated Iskander complex was demonstrated
As a result of long and difficult work, in 1999, at the MAKS international air show, the first working prototype of the new Iskander complex was demonstrated. The new product impressed all the guests of the event. A new portion of funding was allocated for development.
It is worth mentioning the organizations that took a direct part in the construction of the complex:
- Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering - rocket development;
- Central Design Bureau "Titan" - creation of a launcher and chassis;
- NIIEP - were involved in the design of all OTRK automation.
Subsequently, in 2006, the first Iskanders entered service with the army of the Russian Federation. The installations were included in the so-called “access prohibited zone” perimeter.
In addition to the 9K720, the defense includes the S-400 air defense system (B, in the future S-500) and elements of the Bastion anti-ship missile system. The essence of the project is to immediately defeat any unfriendly object that illegally crosses the perimeter border.
Modification “E” has been supplied to Armenia since 2016 In service
Iskander is in service with two countries in the world: Russia and Armenia. According to data from open sources, the Russian Federation uses 72 Iskander-M complexes and an unspecified number of Iskander-K modifications. How many OTKR units were transferred to Armenia is unknown. The only information available is the delivery date - 2016.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the Iskander OTRK
The actual parameters of the OTRK are unknown. The most obvious thing that can be said is that the complex carries 2 missiles with a range of hitting targets of 50 - 500 km. The launch is carried out within a few minutes after the combat signal. After firing, the launcher moves away from the missile launch site in order to camouflage and evade a retaliatory strike.
Western weapons experts claim that the 9K720 is capable of hitting targets at a distance of over 5,500 km. The main argument in favor of these discussions was the appearance of the missiles of the complex; the Iskander-M missile is similar to the Caliber. Whether this is true or fiction is unknown.
Also, experts from NATO countries claim that the Russian OTRK is capable of performing its task more efficiently than its American counterpart. US developments in this category (LRPF missiles) are not capable of hitting a target at a distance of over 500 km.
Missile destroyer "Donald Cook" with which "Iskander" is compared The performance characteristics of the Iskander are also often compared with American missile destroyers of the Donald Cook class. Moreover, many military analysts are inclined to believe that the Russian complex is more effective.
The Iskander missile, the characteristics of which are kept in the strictest confidence, is causing a wave of indignation and fear in NATO. The main reason is the possibility of rapid recharging. The process takes place thanks to a special tracking machine. The ship has to go to the port for a similar procedure.
Basic performance characteristics
| The missile hits the target with an error, m | 5 – 30 |
| Rocket weight at launch, t | 3,8 |
| Warhead weight, kg | 400 |
| Rocket height, m | 7,2 |
| Radius, cm | 46 |
| Rocket cruising speed, m/s | 2 100 |
| Highest point of the ballistic trajectory, km | Exceeds 100 |
| Maximum engagement range, km | "Iskander-M" - 500, "Iskander-S" - 2500 (From unconfirmed sources) |
| Minimum engagement range, km | 50 |
| Preparation for shot, m | 4 – 16 |
| Time interval before launch of the 2nd rocket, m | 1 |
| How long does the Iskander last? | 10 in field conditions, 3 in combat |
Options
Since the creation of the first samples of Iskander in 2006, a small number of modifications of this installation have been created. In general, they differ in the missiles used to fire the salvo. In addition, the export version lacks some of the functionality available to products for the Russian army.
OTRK "Iskander-M": Modification 2011 List of modifications:
- "Iskander-M"— missile system (characteristics and video below) basic version. It has two Iskander missiles (characteristics are classified) located on the launcher. The chassis has increased cross-country ability and electronic warfare systems. The Iskander-M has much improved performance characteristics. There is a mobile command post. The missiles are capable of penetrating enemy defenses. A number of technologies are used for this: the ability to maneuver at high speeds with an overload of up to 30 g, the release of false elements, a special coating absorbs radio signals, and small dimensions. The missile approaches the target at an angle of 90 degrees;
- "Iskander-E"— The letter “E” means that the version is intended for export. It is equipped with a missile with a flight range of 280 km and a warhead weight of 480 kg. In fact, it is a significantly simplified version of the previous modification. The only country that purchased a batch of complexes is Armenia. If there are others, then the information is strictly classified;
- "Iskander-K"- the version on which cruise missiles with intelligent guidance are installed. The warhead has a mass of 480 kg. The flight speed is 2100 m/s. The flight altitude is 7 meters (When approaching the target), 7 km - while traveling to the specified object. At low altitudes, the rocket is capable of avoiding obstacles and following changes in terrain. Flight range - 500 km. There is an option with the installation of R-500 (Range - 2 thousand km).
Rocket launch from Iskander 9K720 Most likely, the Iskander-M operational-tactical missile system is undergoing further modification in closed design bureaus. The judgment is based on common sense. After all, weapons are one of the most obsolete achievements of mankind.
Composition of the complex
In addition to the launcher itself, the group includes 5 more types of machines. Each performs its own functions. In total, each brigade includes 51 vehicles.
Composition of the Iskander OTRK division 9P78-1
These are self-propelled launchers. In total, the brigade includes 12 units. Their main purpose is to transport and store missiles. Fully loaded weight is 42 tons. The weight of the transported cargo is 19 tons.
The unit is mounted on the basis of the MEKT-7930 tractor. The chassis has an 8 x 8 wheel arrangement and is capable of speeds of up to 70 km/h. Range – 1000 km. All this is necessary for rapid transfer at any time of the day and over any distance. The crew consists of 3 people.
Iskander launcher chassis 9S552
A command and staff vehicle designed to control all elements of the OTRK. Installed on the KAMAZ 43101 chassis. There is an Aqueduct radio station. Full-time crew – 4 people. The division is equipped with 11 such vehicles. The radio station is capable of receiving and transmitting a signal over a distance of 250 km (in the unfolded state). On the march - 50 km. Battery life 2 days.
MRTO
Machine for carrying out routine and repair work. The regular crew is 2 people. Used to check on-board equipment and perform routine repairs. But the main task is to test the missile electronics. In automatic mode, the procedure takes 18 minutes. The vehicle is based on a KamAZ chassis. Operating weight - 13 tons.
9S920
A machine designed to prepare flight information for missiles. Based on the KamAZ chassis. Crew - 2 people. In fact, this is a server where all information from various target designation sources flows: satellites, aircraft, drones. After processing, the information is transmitted to the launcher, after which the rocket is launched.
Life support machine
The main purpose of the vehicle is to provide personnel with sleeping places, comfortable meals and other living conditions. There are sleeping places, lockers for storing things, lockers. There is a 300 liter tank, a water heating system, and special pumps. The vehicle is based on KamAZ. The division includes 14 units.
KAO and UTS
A special vehicle designed for rapid reloading of launchers. The procedure takes on average 20 minutes. The second car is a simulator for the crew. It simulates combat situations.
It is also worth noting that an impressive group consisting of infantry formations and armored vehicles (Tanks, infantry fighting vehicles) is assigned to guard the Iskander division and accompanying support vehicles. In addition, the division, being in a stationary position, is camouflaged with standard means: a camouflage network, electronic warfare systems, and protection from thermal imaging detection.
Design of OTRK Iskander missiles
Two types of missiles have been developed for the OTRK: quasi-ballistic and cruise. In principle, they differ only in guidance systems and flight trajectories. Otherwise the products are similar.
The missiles are capable of maneuvering at high speeds, while choosing random trajectories of movement and reversal. At the same time, the missiles are controlled throughout the flight, which increases the accuracy of the hit.
Missile warheads are designed to hit various targets. For example, there is a cluster warhead that can split into many parts and hit a large area. There are options for extremely accurate hits, used to neutralize command bunkers or missile defense and air defense elements. In especially sad cases, missiles are equipped with tactical nuclear warheads with a yield of up to several kilotons.
During the flight, missiles are capable of discarding electronic warfare elements, which makes guidance difficult for enemy missile defense systems. An additional factor is the small size of the flying rocket in physical terms.
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Iskander - M |
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Iskander – K (R-500) |
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Iskander - E |
Combat use
If you believe various open sources, the Iskander anti-aircraft missile system was used only three times. Moreover, in one case it was live firing as part of joint exercises with Tajikistan.
The second case is the use of several OTRK installations to launch non-nuclear strikes against ISIS militants (an organization banned in Russia). The launches took place in December 2017. The characteristics of the Iskander-M, declared by the developers, have received combat confirmation.
The most controversial case is the statement that the Iskander missile system, the characteristics of which guarantee the destruction of enemy personnel and equipment, was used during the Georgian-Ossetian conflict in August 2008.
The participation of the OTRK division could not be proven. The Russian military denies these rumors. There is an opinion that the Georgian side mistook the Tochka-U missile launches for 9K720, which were precisely used to disable the enemy’s infrastructure.
The combat use of the Iskander is based in the west of the Russian Federation.
More precisely, in the Kaliningrad region. From the region, the missile system is capable of hitting a whole range of targets on the territory of a potential enemy. These are military airfields and NATO command centers in the Baltic states, missile defense elements in Poland and Romania, strategic infrastructure structures in Denmark and Sweden. Also, 9K720 are located on the territory of the Republic of Belarus.
| 2008 | The Georgian-Ossetian conflict that occurred in August during the Olympics. The use of 9K720 has not been recorded, but the Georgian authorities and a number of Western media claim the opposite. The Tochka-U complex was used to carry out targeted missile strikes |
| 2016 | Exercises in Tajikistan. The missiles hit training targets and tested the operational range of the Iskander-M |
| 2017 | In December, the Iskander-M complex was delivered to Syria (the characteristics of the missiles had to be tested in real combat). Cases of combat use and destruction of defensive structures have been recorded. Probable targets: large formations of terrorist groups, ammunition depots and accumulations of armored vehicles. |
Advantages and disadvantages of the Iskander OTRK
The 9K720 complex is relatively new, and a number of technical parameters are hidden from public view. Therefore, it is very difficult to judge the real advantages and disadvantages of the Iskander-M OTRK, the destruction radius of which remains a mystery for Russia’s opponents.
Most of the information relates to official statements by the Russian military and television programs broadcast on patriotic channels. Which creates the impression of “ideality” of military equipment. And not only Iskander.
Most likely, in a few years (possibly decades), the real capabilities of the complex will be discovered. Judging by open information, the OTRK is capable of hitting targets while passing through high-echelon defenses. And it will be good if we never have to test Iskander-M or Iskander-K on a real enemy. After all, first of all, the 9K720 is a weapon of intimidation.
The 9K720 operational-tactical missile system (according to NATO classification - SS-26Stone) appeared on paper as a concept back in the early 80s of the last century. Its creation was timed to coincide with one of the stages of the Cold War, when the superpowers decided to limit the use of nuclear weapons for military purposes. To maintain the combat effectiveness of missiles, a significant increase in accuracy was required, which the inertial control system could not provide.
In addition, the following aspects were expected to be achieved:
- the ability to maintain control over the projectile along the entire trajectory of movement to the target or most of it;
- automate the bulk of calculation tasks, including data exchange;
- use the rocket as a carrier for various warheads (a total of 10 are currently known).
The history of the creation of the Iskander missile system
Several design bureaus and institutes took part in the development of Iskander, but the leading enterprise was the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering (Kolomna). By that time, the organization had a lot of missile systems, and previously the institution was developing most of the mortar systems that entered service, both from the Soviet period and for the needs of the Russian army.
The development of Iskander was undertaken by S.P. Invincible, a designer who had gained enormous experience in creating similar systems using the example of the Oka complex. According to experts, the predecessor of the vehicle in question was the first in history capable of passing through means of destroying an enemy threat from the air with a probability almost equal to 100%. Thanks to this property, it was meant to ensure a high percentage of hits on intended targets. However, the equipment was destroyed in accordance with an agreement between the main participants in the Cold War, concluded in 1987. But a small number of vehicles were in service with the Russian army until 2003.
The baton for the development of a unique machine was taken up by Valery Kashin, who to this day is the general designer and head of the design bureau.
The KBM received a difficult task: the missile must destroy stationary targets and those in motion. It was important to guarantee a high probability of overcoming defense systems and getting hit. A serious difference from its predecessor was the fact that the warhead should not carry a nuclear warhead. It was supposed to compensate for the weakening scale of destruction through minimal deviation from the target.
The ability to pass unnoticed anti-aircraft systems and missile defense is based on the following technical solutions:
- The surface of the case was created as smooth as possible, which made it invisible;
- Protection from radar equipment was achieved by applying a special coating;
- A unique feature was the maneuvering of the missile in flight, which made it impossible to calculate the meeting point and, therefore, to shoot it down.
Achieving ideal smoothness of the rocket was not easy, since during operation it is necessary to perform logistics operations, dock equipment, etc. All this is realized through integrated fastening elements, but at the moment of the shot all irregularities are smoothed out. To do this, several clips of two half-rings are installed, which are connected by locks that detonate upon startup and activate automatic covers. Thus, the places of detachable connections are closed when the rocket leaves the guides. Tricky, isn't it?
This set of capabilities made the rocket unique: so far no foreign development can compare with it. Experts argue that any analogues are an order of magnitude inferior to the Russian system and are unable to solve such complex problems. During the development phase, all these aspects required numerous modifications, which made the car unique in comparison with the original sketches.
The product “Iskander M complex” has been developed since 1993, when the corresponding decree of the country’s president appeared. The technical specification issued by the design bureau required an integrated and innovative approach. The design used and tested all the advanced achievements of science within the country itself and abroad.
The tests that were carried out within three types deserve special attention: bench, flight and climatic. The testing ground for them was Kapustin Yar, where at one time many missile innovations of the USSR and the Russian Federation were tested. Some tests were conducted in other regions of the state.
The process was completed in 2011, when the vehicle was equipped with a missile with the 9M723 index, which performed well during testing. In addition, a new guidance system was integrated - correlation.
The system was adopted by the Russian Army in 2006. The complexes began to enter service in the Western Military District 4 years after being put into service. The first batch of cars consisted of 6 units. The state program envisages putting 120 complexes into operation by 2020. In 2019, 7 brigades will be formed in the Russian army, in which Iskander-M vehicles will be used. In the same year, two vehicles will be transferred to the formations of the Eastern and Southern districts.
The purpose of the Iskander complex
According to the assignment, the reconnaissance and strike complex was supposed to hit from 20 to 40 targets in an hour, which required a large amount of ammunition. That is why it was decided to place 2 missiles on one chassis at once.
The increased weight had to be compensated by the development of a new chassis. If for previous generations (Tochka, Oka) the base was designed by the Bryansk plant, the new four-axle chassis was developed by the Minsk plant. As a result, it was possible to place the entire complex of weapons and launch control on one base.
The main task of the complex is to defeat the targets of the following objects:
- small targets performing storage and supply functions;
- strikes against targets behind potential enemy lines;
- enemy tactical means of destruction - MLRS (multiple launch rocket systems), long-range artillery, similar to the RK;
- aviation during parking and maintenance;
- strategically important objects, communication points;
- key points of civil infrastructure.
The listed tasks are solved using various warheads that can be equipped with a missile. Most often it is a cassette with 54 damaging components, or a high-explosive fragmentation, penetrating one. At the same time, the vehicle has enormous potential, so more advanced parts are expected to appear in accordance with more complex combat missions.
The practice of modern wars shows that the weapon itself does not guarantee victory, regardless of characteristics, lethality and accuracy. If equipment is not included in a coordinated intelligence system or there is no possibility of prompt exchange of information, its effectiveness tends to zero.
Taking into account the trend, the work of the complex is carried out based on information from various sources: satellites, drones and reconnaissance aircraft. The data arrives at the preparation point, where it is converted into a calculation task that is transmitted to the division's command and staff vehicles. After this, the task is set directly for execution. The system is controlled via local networks based on Russian computers, which can be easily upgraded and replaced with more advanced ones in the future.
Composition of the Iskander missile system
Of course, without support, the installation is not able to complete the entire range of tasks, which is why the support/supply group includes many pieces of equipment.
In addition to the self-propelled missile launcher (MZKT-7930 chassis), there is:
- command and staff vehicle, for which KAMAZ became the base;
- transport-loading - on a chassis identical to the launcher itself;
- mobile information preparation point at the KAMAZ base;
- regulations and maintenance vehicle, crew life support vehicle, sets of equipment (training and arsenal), for which KAMAZ trucks became the basis.
Taken together, the equipment is capable of performing a wide range of combat missions almost autonomously, taking up positions.
Rocket
The 9M723K1 rocket used is single-stage and runs on a solid propellant engine. The trajectory of movement is quasi-ballistic, that is, it cannot be predicted. During flight, active maneuvering is carried out, and gas-dynamic and aerodynamic rudders are used to control movement to the target.
The projectile has unique characteristics. Manufactured using various advanced techniques to reduce radar signature, in particular, “stealth technologies” are used: the body has special coatings, the dispersion surface is minimal, protruding parts are minimized in size, and in the air the rocket becomes almost perfectly smooth.
The main trajectory of movement is at an altitude of 50 km, but at the peak the values can reach twice as high. At the initial and final stages of the flight, active maneuvering is carried out, when the probability of hitting the missile is greatest, and the equipment is subject to overloads of up to 20-30 units. Guidance until the final section (immediately after the salvo and at the main interval of the trajectory) is inertial, and at the final interval it is optical, that is, a combined method is used, due to which it is possible to achieve maximum accuracy with an error of 5-7 meters.
To operate the first type of guidance system, it is possible to use GPS/GLONASS. Since 2013, electronic warfare devices have been integrated into the design, which allows the projectile to be protected from air defense immediately before a target encounter.
The process is implemented by setting up two types of interference:
- active;
- passive - at the level of surveillance/firing radars, which includes the release of noise and false targets.
Self-propelled launcher
This is the main means of the group, which transports, stores and launches missiles. The product chassis received the MZKT-7930 index.
The vehicle was developed specifically to perform tasks in this complex, capable of carrying a load of 19 tons, while developing 70 km/h on the highway and up to 40 over rough terrain. The combat crew includes three people. The fuel range reaches thousands of kilometers.
Transport-charging machine
On a similar basis, another vehicle of the group was created, carrying two missiles on board.
To load the main installation, a crane is used, integrated into the design and crew of two people. The total weight of the vehicle is 40 tons.
Command and staff vehicle
An important decision was the use of a command post vehicle for automated control.
Created on the basis of KAMAZ. The equipment is unified for each link. To coordinate actions, a chain has been formed: launch battery – missile division – missile brigade. Interaction is supported in open and closed mode, the communication range on the march is 50 km, in a stationary position - 350, transmitting a command takes no more than 15 seconds, the task is calculated in 10 seconds.
A crew of 4 people can deploy/collapse the installation in half an hour, after which it operates continuously for two days.
Regulation and maintenance machine
The abbreviation of this unit of the complex is MRTO. It is necessary to assess the performance of systems and devices, as well as on-board equipment in the field.
On board there is everything necessary for emergency repairs. Deployment by two people takes up to 20 minutes; checking missile systems does not exceed a third of an hour.
Rocket complex life support machine
In the MJO, people servicing systems and equipment can eat and sleep while on duty.
For this purpose, two compartments are equipped, including 6 berths, a 300-liter water tank, and two lockers in each block.
Performance characteristics of the Iskander missile system
The Iskander complex fully complies with the main provisions of the agreement between the countries aimed at limiting the use and sale of missile technologies.
According to the classification, theses are as follows:
- It is prohibited to sell missiles with a range of more than 300 km (the Iskander has 20 kilometers less);
- The payload should be less than 0.5 tons (domestic development is capable of carrying 480 kg).
In addition, the carriers used run on solid fuel, which means that upgrading them to increase their range is difficult.
| Shortest distance to target, km | 50 |
| The largest varies depending on the modification of the machine: under the index E/M/K, km |
280/500/2000 (R-500 cruise missile) |
| Maximum permissible warhead weight, kg | 480 |
| Weight of the vehicle with equipped missiles, t | 42,3 |
| rocket engine | Solid propellant rocket motor; |
| Number of missiles: | on the loading machine - 2 on the launcher itself two more |
| Calculation, persons | 3 |
| Operating temperature range, degrees | -50 - +50 |
| Operating life/including under conditions of intended use, years | 10/3 |
| Hit error, m | 5-30 |
| Projectile mass at launch, t | 3,8 |
| Height, mm | 7200 |
| Caliber, mm | 920 |
| Cruising speed, m/s | 2100 |
| Ceiling on a ballistic trajectory, km | More than 100 |
| Required time to fire a shot, min | 4-16 |
| Period before launch of the second rocket, min | 1 |
No similar weapon system can boast of such parameters, which makes the vehicle a unique means of warfare. Not only its functionality and multitasking are noted, but also the potential for deep modernization, which will extend the service life of the troops.
Combat characteristics of the complex
During development, the machine has great potential, thanks to the use of advanced technical solutions and achievements from the field of science. In fact, this is the latest generation of missile systems, with the potential for modernization in accordance with the realities of the future. The combat effectiveness of the vehicle makes it a leader among all existing Russian and foreign analogues. For example, some experts compare the complex with the United States fourth-generation destroyer Donald Cook.
To obtain up-to-date intelligence and information on targets, it is possible to interact with various means. It is used to process information about the location, number of the enemy and other data necessary for an accurate strike. To set a combat mission, command and staff vehicles equipped with Russian computers are used, in addition, orders can come from artillery control points.
Depending on the purpose, several modifications were created. Among them, there is an export option aimed at supplying weapons abroad:
- "Iskander - M" - for the Russian army;
- Modification K uses cruise missiles;
- A complex with index E is an option for sale that fully complies with the MTCR.
Experts say that no other modern missile defense system can oppose the tandem of the M and K modifications. In the future, the vehicles will become the basis of the Russian Federation's land-based missile forces. By 2020, 120 units will be delivered to the army.
Combat use
There is no conclusive evidence regarding practical use, but there is some evidence that iskandar was involved in the 2008 conflict between Georgia and Ossetia. A statement about the use of the installation was made by Shota Utiashvili, who then held the post of head of the information and analytical department of the Georgian police. According to his statement, the Russian armed forces used vehicles at facilities in Poti, Gori, as well as along the Baku-Supsa oil pipeline.
Composition of the Iskander OTRK.
- Gross weight: 42 t
- Payload: 19 t
- Calculation: 3 people
- Chassis: MZKT-7930
- Chassis: MZKT-7930
- Loading crane
- Calculation: 2 people.
Command and staff vehicle
- Number of communication channels: up to 16h
- Chassis: KAMAZ 43101
- Calculation: 4 people
- Weight: 13.5 tons
- Calculation: 2 people
- Chassis: KamAZ
Information preparation point
- Calculation: 2 people
- Chassis: KAMAZ 43101
Life support machine
- Chassis: KAMAZ 43118
- Warhead weight: 480 kg
- Length 7.3 m
- Diameter 920 mm
Nuclear weapons.
November 22, 2019
November 18, 2019
September 19, 2019
August 31, 2019
The Iskander operational-tactical missile system is designed to destroy area and small-sized targets deep in the operational location of enemy troops with combat units used in conventional equipment; destruction of enemy air defense and missile defense systems, as well as the most important objects covered by them, at ranges of up to 500 km. The complex was developed by NPO Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau. Tactical use of the OTRK can include a simultaneous strike with an Iskander-M quasi-ballistic missile and an Iskander-K cruise missile to destroy highly protected missile defense and air defense targets along different trajectories, which complicates protection from defeat. Has a low barrier to non-nuclear use. Created using modern design and scientific and technical achievements in the field of OTRK. A special feature of the installation is the use of two missiles.
Main characteristics of the Iskander OTRK
Composition of the Iskander OTRK.
The complex includes six types of machines:
Self-propelled launcher- designed for storing, transporting, preparing and launching two missiles at a target.
- Gross weight: 42 t
- Payload: 19 t
- Highway speed: 70 km/h
- Speed of movement on a dirt road: 40 km/h
- Fuel range: 1000 km
- Calculation: 3 people
- Chassis: MZKT-7930
Transport-charging machine- designed to transport two additional missiles.
- Chassis: MZKT-7930
- Loading crane
- Total combat weight: 40 tons
- Calculation: 2 people.
Command and staff vehicle- designed to control the entire Iskander complex.
- Maximum radio range when stationary/on the move: 350/50 km
- Mission calculation time for missiles: up to 10 seconds
- Command transmission time: up to 15 seconds
- Number of communication channels: up to 16h
- Deployment (collapse) time: up to 30 minutes
- Continuous operation time: 48 hours
- Chassis: KAMAZ 43101
- Radio station: R-168-100KA “Aqueduct”
- Calculation: 4 people
Regulation and maintenance machine- designed to check on-board equipment of rockets and instruments, to carry out routine repairs.
- Weight: 13.5 tons
- Deployment time: 20 minutes
- Time of the automated cycle of routine checks of the on-board equipment of the rocket: 18 min
- Calculation: 2 people
- Chassis: KamAZ
Information preparation point- designed to determine the coordinates of the target and prepare flight missions for missiles with their subsequent transfer to the SPU. The PPI is interfaced with reconnaissance assets and can receive tasks and assigned targets from all necessary sources, including from a satellite, aircraft or UAV.
- Calculation: 2 people
- Chassis: KAMAZ 43101
Life support machine- designed for accommodation, rest and eating of combat crews.
- Chassis: KAMAZ 43118
- Rest compartment: 6 carriage-type berths with folding upper beds, 2 lockers, built-in lockers, opening window
- Household supply compartment: 2 lockers with seats, a folding lifting table, a water supply system with a 300-liter tank, a tank for heating water, a pump for pumping water, a drainage system, a sink, a dryer for clothes and shoes
Combat characteristics of the Iskander OTRK.
Circular probable deviation: 10-30 m
- Rocket launch weight: 3800 kg
- Warhead weight: 480 kg
- Length 7.3 m
- Diameter 920 mm
- Rocket speed after the initial part of the trajectory: 2100 m/s
- Maximum overloads during flight - 20-30G
- Maximum trajectory altitude - more than 100 km
- Minimum target range: 50
- Maximum target engagement range: 500 km "Iskander-K"
- Guidance: INS, GLONASS, optical seeker
- Time before launch of the first rocket: 4-16 minutes
- Interval between starts: 1 minute
- Operating temperature range: -50 °C to 50 °C
- Service life: 10 years, including 3 years in field conditions
Types of warheads of the Iskander OTRK.
Iskander can use a very wide range of combat units. The main ones are:
To destroy area targets and entrenched equipment, a cluster fragmentation warhead is used with remote detonation in the air of 54 combat elements to destroy people and equipment in the trenches from above.
- A concrete-piercing warhead is used to destroy bunkers.
- To hit point targets, a high-explosive fragmentation warhead is usually used.
Cluster warheads for hitting area targets.
Iskander can use a wide range of cluster warheads, allowing it to immediately hit a large area target, such as a military base, airfield, air defense/missile defense center.
On average, 1 kg of fragmentation cluster munitions affects about 32 m2. The area of destruction varies depending on the type of cluster munition and can be much lower for cumulative or volumetric detonating munitions, but these munitions can also hit armored vehicles or infantry/vehicles in shelters. The known types of Iskander OTRK cluster munitions are as follows:
Cassette with 54 fragmentation combat elements of non-contact detonation, triggered at a height of about 10 m above the ground surface
Cassette with PTAB-2.5KO cumulative fragmentation warheads, capable of penetrating the roof armor of armored vehicles up to 20 mm thick, as well as inflicting wounds on infantry with fragments
Cassette with self-aiming combat elements using its own radar and IR seeker to destroy clusters of SPBE-D equipment
Volumetric detonating cassette for destroying manpower and equipment among buildings and in shelters
Non-cluster munitions for hitting point targets.
Non-cluster warheads are designed to destroy point fortified objects such as command bunkers, reinforced concrete warehouse buildings, barracks, fuel storage tanks and the like. Anti-bunker ammunition is designed to penetrate reinforced concrete floors up to 1.2 m thick and detonate indoors. High-explosive fragmentation warheads hit lightly armored vehicles with shrapnel at a distance of 70 m, and easily vulnerable equipment, such as dug-in vehicles as part of air defense systems and communications centers, at a distance of 200 m.
Nuclear weapons.
Special (nuclear) warhead with a capacity of up to 50 kilotons.
November 22, 2019 At the Kapustin Yar training ground, a solemn ceremony was held to present a brigade set of the Iskander operational-tactical missile system to the personnel of the missile formation of the Western Military District. The transfer of the kit completed the re-equipment of the existing missile formations of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The event was attended by the head of combat training - deputy chief of the missile forces and artillery of the Russian Armed Forces, Colonel Yuri Zaritsky, the command of the Western Military District and representatives of defense industry enterprises.
November 18, 2019 During the exercises, crews of the Iskander-M missile systems of the Central Military District practiced delivering group and single strikes against important objects and targets that determine the combat potential of a mock enemy at a distance of up to 200 kilometers. The crews marched to the designated area, where they carried out engineering equipment for the starting positions and took up combat duty. The crews also improved their actions when working on launchers and transport-loading vehicles, and the drivers strengthened their driving skills in various terrain conditions.
September 19, 2019 At the Donguz training ground in the Orenburg region, military personnel of the Central Military District missile unit hit a training target with a missile from the Iskander-M operational-tactical missile system. The launch took place during the strategic command and staff exercises Center-2019. The complex hit a target that imitated a critical target of a mock enemy.
August 31, 2019, as part of a tactical exercise at the Kapustin Yar training ground, military personnel of the VVO missile formation launched a ballistic missile of the Iskander operational-tactical missile system at a target simulating a critical target of a mock enemy. As a result of the missile strike, the training target was destroyed.
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Ground forces have completed rearmament with the Iskander missile system
On November 22, 2019, at the Kapustin Yar training ground, a ceremony was held to present a brigade set of the Iskander operational-tactical missile system to the personnel of the missile formation of the Western Military District. The transfer of the kit completed the re-equipment of the existing missile formations of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The event was attended by the head of combat training - deputy chief of the missile forces and artillery of the Russian Armed Forces, Colonel Yuri Zaritsky, the command of the Western Military District and representatives of defense industry enterprises. Several dozen launchers, transport-loading and command-staff vehicles, life support equipment, regulations and maintenance were handed over to the personnel of the missile formation. The final stage of rearmament of the missile formation will be a tactical exercise with a combat launch of a missile, after which the entire personnel of the formation will march in a combined manner to the place of permanent deployment.
Iskander-M complexes practiced delivering strikes against a simulated enemy
On November 18, 2019, during the exercise, crews of the Iskander-M missile systems of the Central Military District practiced carrying out group and single strikes against important facilities and targets that determine the combat potential of a mock enemy, located at a distance of up to 200 kilometers. The crews marched to the designated area, where they carried out engineering equipment for the starting positions and took up combat duty. The crews also improved their actions when working on launchers and transport-loading vehicles, and the drivers strengthened their driving skills in various terrain conditions.
At the Center-2019 exercises, the Iskander-M missile was successfully launched
At the Donguz training ground in the Orenburg region on September 19, 2019, military personnel from the missile formation of the Central Military District hit a training target with a missile from the Iskander-M operational-tactical missile system. The launch was carried out as part of the strategic command and staff exercises Center-2019. The complex successfully hit a target that imitated a critical target of a mock enemy. The servicemen also fulfilled the standards for transferring the missile system to a combat position and reloading the missiles. The effectiveness of the attack was assessed using the Orlan-10 unmanned aerial vehicle.
Strategic command and staff exercise of the Russian Armed Forces Center-2019
The strategic command and staff exercise of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation “Center” was held from September 16 to 21, 2019. They are the final stage of a complex of combat training activities. During the exercises, military personnel worked out the issues of using troop groups in solving problems of combating international terrorism and ensuring military security in the Central Asian strategic direction.
An Iskander OTRK missile was launched near Astrakhan
As part of a tactical exercise at the Kapustin Yar training ground in the Astrakhan region on August 31, 2019, military personnel of the missile formation of the Eastern Military District launched a ballistic missile of the Iskander operational-tactical missile system at a target simulating a critical target of a mock enemy. During the exercise, the crews of the complex demonstrated their skills in meeting the standards for transferring the OTRK from a traveling position to a combat position, reloading missiles from transport-loading vehicles to self-propelled launchers, and launching a missile strike at given coordinates. As a result of the missile strike, the training target was destroyed
DATA FOR 2017 (standard update, v.2)
SPU 9P78-1 with 9M723 ballistic missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system of the first production brigade set on the day of transfer of equipment to the 107th RBR. Kapustin Yar, 06/28/2013 (http://i-korotchenko.livejournal.com).
Composition and staffing structure of the Iskander-M complex:
The complex includes:
- SPU 9P78-1 for 2 missiles;
SPU 9P78-1 of the Iskander-M complex at a display of military equipment as part of the Ural Arms Exhibition, Nizhny Tagil, 2000 (http://militaryphotos.net).
SPU 9P78-1 with a mock-up of the 9M723 missile. 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade. 10/20/2011 (http://www.mil.ru).
TZM 9T250 / 9T250E for 2 missiles, equipped with a jib crane; According to some unconfirmed data, in an extreme situation the TZM of the complex can launch missiles - probably we are talking about launching from some kind of launch pad in the back of the TZM.
Chassis - MZKT-7930
Calculation - 2 people
Weight - 40000 kg
Crane lifting capacity - 5800 kg
Highway speed - 70 km/h
Fuel range - 1000 km
Overload time for one rocket - 16 minutes
TZM 9T250 (photo and drawing "KBM", drawing - photo from MVSV-2010 from Denis KA, http://forums.airbase.ru)
Loading the SPU of the Iskander-M 9P78-1 complex with the 9T250 TZM with a 9M723 training rocket. The first photo shows TZM 9T250. Demonstration exercises of the 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade. 10/20/2011 (http://www.mil.ru).
Rigging equipment TZM 9T250 of the Iskander-M complex. Kubinka, Army 2015 forum, 06/17/2015 (photo - Sergey Karpukhin, Reuters).
Command and staff vehicle 9S552 / 9S552E on a KamAZ chassis - provides control of fire weapons of a battery or division; provides communication between departments, receiving target designation from external and higher structures;
Calculation - 4 people
Automated workstations - 4
Radio communication range - 50 km (on the march), 350 km (while parked).
Number of communication channels - up to 16
Data transmission and reception speed - up to 16 kbit/s (radio modem, radio stations)
Time standard for calculating a combat mission - 10 s
Time standard for transmitting commands to the PPI - 15 s
Temporary standard for complete deployment and collapse of external antennas - 30 min
Information preparation point 9S920 / 9S920E on the KamAZ-43101 chassis - ensures the preparation of information for striking, prepares information for the correlation type seeker;
Calculation - 4 people
Automated workstations - 2
Number of communication channels - up to 16
Information transmission and reception speed - up to 16 kbit/s (radio modem, radio stations R-168-100KAE "Aqueduct" produced by the Yaroslavl Radio Plant )
Time standard for determining the coordinates of the target point - 30-120 s
The time standard for issuing target designation commands to the SPU is 60 s
Continuous operation time - 48 hours
Vehicle information preparation point 9С920 on the KamAZ-43101 chassis (photo by KBM)
The regulatory and maintenance vehicle on the KamAZ-43101 chassis is used to carry out routine and inspection work on missiles with and without removing them from the container. A study of the missile design shows that routine maintenance on 9M723 type missiles can be carried out in any position - on the launcher, in the TZM, on arsenal equipment carts. Plug connectors for missile testing are located on the front bonding ring.
Calculation - 2 people
Weight - 13500 kg
Deployment time on the move - 20 min
Rocket check time - 18 minutes
Regulatory and maintenance vehicle on KamAZ-43101 chassis (photo by KBM)
Life support vehicle 9T248 on KamAZ-5350 chassis
Life support machine 2T248 (photo by KBM)
Life support machine 2T248 (photo Melnikov A.E., 2015, )
A set of arsenal equipment - containers for transporting and storing warheads and missile units, traverses, carts and cradles.
Standard structure of units with Iskander-M complexes:
The Iskander complexes have been consolidated into missile brigades of 2-3 divisions. it is possible to form a separate missile division. The division includes 2-3 missile batteries, a KShM and a PPI. The missile battery includes 2-3 complexes (2-3 SPU + 1 TZM), KShM. As of 2009, it was announced that there would be 2 battalions in the Russian Armed Forces. According to our assessment, the most likely is a 2-divisional composition of the RBR - in this case, one RBR should contain 8 SPU of the complex, which allows the desired number of RBR to be deployed as quickly as possible in conditions of minimal growth in the production of missiles and systems of the complex.
The first military missile brigade was fully equipped with the complexes in 2010. According to the program for equipping the Russian Armed Forces with new equipment and weapons until 2020, it is planned to equip missile brigades with 12 Iskander-M complexes. This means that a full-fledged brigade includes three missile divisions of 2 batteries, 2 complexes each ().
Brigade kit model 2014-2015 includes:
- 12 launchers
- 12 transport-charging vehicles
- 11 command and staff vehicles
- 14 life support machines
- 1 regulation and maintenance machine
- 1 point of information preparation.
A total of 51 units of equipment. The brigade is also equipped with missile ammunition, an arsenal kit, and training equipment (,).
Status: Russia:
1996 May 10 - the missile and SPU of the complex were shown to Russian President B.N. Yeltsin during his visit to the 4th State Central Test Site of the Russian Defense Ministry Kapustin Yar.
1998 December 25 - The FSB arrested two private entrepreneurs from Kolomna and a KBM employee for attempting to transfer secret documentation on the 9M723 product to Western intelligence services.
2000 July 11 - the Iskander-E complex (on the MZKT-7930 chassis) was presented at the Ural Expo ARMZ-2000 exhibition in Nizhny Tagil. At the exhibition, information was announced that a total of 2 Iskander complexes had been produced by industry and were being tested.
2004 - a contract was concluded for the supply of 18 Iskander-E complexes to Syria, later canceled under pressure from the United States and Israel. It was assumed that delivery would be made in 2007-2008. The plan for the supply of Iskander complexes to the Russian Armed Forces for 2004 is 4 units (division, no confirmation of implementation). A plan for 2005 has been announced - it is planned to put into service 2 Iskander-M complexes.
March 2005 - the first 9K720 complexes entered service with the 630th separate missile division of the 60th Combat Use Center (Kapustin Yar, apparently 2 units, according to media reports it was planned to deliver 3 units in 2005). The full complement of a separate missile division was completed by January 2007. It is planned to begin arming missile brigade complexes: composition - 3 missile divisions, each with three batteries - each with 3 launchers and support equipment - in total, the missile brigade includes 27 complexes and 100 missiles for them . Incl. it is planned to equip the 103rd ORBR of the Siberian Military District and the 107th ORBR of the Far Eastern Military District with the complexes (as of 2009, the re-equipment of these brigades has not begun or is not reported).
July 2006 - Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov stated that in 2007-1015. The Russian Armed Forces will receive 60 Iskander-M complexes and 120 missiles for them (5 missile brigades). Consequently, the composition of the brigade is 2-3 divisions, 2 batteries each, 2 SPUs per battery = most likely, 12 SPUs per RBR.
2006 - the Iskander-M complex was adopted by the Russian Armed Forces. By 2015, it is planned to equip 5 RBRs (individual missile brigades) with the complex and complete the deployment of the group (60 SPU). According to media reports, 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces during the year. Total - maximum, 7 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces (doubtful).
2007 January - completion of the 630th ORDN with Iskander-M complexes produced by Barrikady PA - 2 batteries of 2 complexes each (total - 4 complexes in ORDN and, probably, in the Russian Armed Forces).
May 29, 2007 - Iskander and R-500 missiles were launched at the Kapustin Yar test site (the latter was the first launch). Information appeared in the media about the completion of tests of the Iskander-K complex with the R-500 cruise missile at the Kapustin Yar test site. Range - 500 km, cruising speed - 230-260 m/s, flight duration - 24 minutes, warhead weight 500 kg, CEP - about 1 m, engine - economical turbofan engine, expected to be put into service in 2009. State tests of R- missiles 500 is planned to start in 2008.
SPU 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex of the 630th missile division. Probably an SPU with a 9M723K5 missile, Kapustin Yar training ground, 08/22/2007 (photo by Vadim Savitsky, http://twower.livejournal.com).
2007 - the media stated that the 92nd separate missile brigade of the Volga-Ural Military District and the 107th separate missile brigade of the Far Eastern Military District began to arm themselves with 9K720 systems. The brigade is expected to be completed by 2011. According to media reports, 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces during the year (the figure 3 units is also found). Total - probably, 7-8 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces.
May 9, 2008 - a missile division of the SPU and TZM Iskander complexes, probably the 630th ORN of the North Caucasus Military District, took part in the parade on Red Square in Moscow.
SPU of the Iskander-M complex at the parade on May 9, 2008 in Moscow (photo by Andrey Kuzmin, taken from the website http://militaryparitet.com)
- 2008 August 12 - there is information, unconfirmed by the Russian side, about the use of the Iskander OTR with a cluster warhead in the Georgian-Ossetian conflict by Russian troops (against the base of a tank battalion in Gori, Georgia). Perhaps the complexes were used by the 630th ORDN of the North Caucasus Military District.
November 5, 2008 - Russian President Dmitry Medvedev made a statement that it is planned to deploy an Iskander missile brigade in the Kaliningrad region to neutralize US missile defense systems that were supposed to be deployed in Poland.
December 2008 - production plans for 2009-2011 were announced. - it is planned to supply 30 Iskander missiles to the Russian Armed Forces (and probably 4 complexes per year).
2008 - according to media reports, 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces during the year (the figure 3 units is also found). Total - probably, 10-12 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces (630th ORDN, and probably ORDN of district training centers and 1-2 incomplete RBR).
2009 May 9 - the 630th ORDN of the North Caucasus Military District with a full set of SPU and TZM complexes "Iskander-M" took part in the parade on Red Square in Moscow.
2009 June 17 - Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces Nikolai Makarov stated that the rearmament of units of the North Caucasus Military District and the Kaliningrad Special Region will be completed by 2012.
September 19, 2009 - Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia Vladimir Popovkin in an interview with the Ekho Moskvy radio station stated that after the United States refused to deploy a missile defense system in Europe, a decision was made not to deploy Iskander missile systems in the Kaliningrad region.
September 29, 2009 - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces, Army General Vladimir Boldyrev, announced that Iskander missile brigades would arrive in all military districts of Russia. The first brigade will be fully staffed in 2010.
2009 October 20 - a notice was published about an open competition for the right to conclude an agreement to carry out work on the development of design documentation: "Reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the FSUE Votkinsk Plant, Votkinsk, Udmurt Republic, to ensure serial production of Iskander-M products ". The estimated cost of re-equipment of production is 308 million rubles, the completion date of the re-equipment according to the plan is 2012.
November 6, 2009 - the head of the missile forces and artillery of the Russian Armed Forces, Lieutenant General Sergei Bogatinov, announced that one of the missile brigades of the Russian ground forces by the end of 2010 will be completely re-equipped with Iskander-M operational-tactical missile systems.
November 12, 2009 - in his annual message to the Federal Assembly, President Dmitry Medvedev stated that in 2010 the Russian Armed Forces will receive 5 Iskander complexes. Previously, officials stated that in 2010 it is planned to purchase 3 complexes and 13 missiles for them.
2009 end of the year - according to media reports, during the year 4 complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces (at least 3 units according to our estimate). Total - probably 8-9-16 complexes in the Russian Armed Forces (taking into account possible failures to fulfill plans in previous years).
- 2010 February 25 - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, Colonel General Alexander Postnikov, stated that during 2010 the missile brigade of the Leningrad Military District (meaning the 26th RBR) will be armed with Iskander complexes.
July 17, 2010 - Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, Colonel General Alexander Postnikov, announced that the missile brigade of the Leningrad Military District received the first Iskander OTR complex.
December 14, 2010 - Commander of the Western Military District Arkady Bakhin announced that the Western Military District had adopted Iskander missile systems. Later () information appeared that in 2010 the armament of 12 Iskander-M complexes of the first military missile brigade was completed.
Probably the 630th ORDN is preparing for the parade on Red Square in Moscow, 05/09/2011 (montage of photographs by Renat Dunyashov, http://taek.livejournal.com).
- 2011 August 01 - Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia D. Bulgakov stated that in total it is planned to accept 120 Iskander complexes (12 per brigade) into service with the Russian Armed Forces. It also became known that the 26th RBR is fully equipped with Iskander complexes, and also that in 2010, 6 Iskander complexes were delivered to the Russian Armed Forces.
2011 August 4 - signing of contract Z/3/1/24-11-DGOZ for the supply of Iskander-M missile systems in brigade sets of two sets per year ()
2011 September 22 - during the command and staff exercises "Center-2011", held including at the 4th Main Central Interspecific Test Site Kapustin Yar, group launches of the Iskander-M, " " and MLRS "Smerch" were carried out. A total of two missiles similar to the 9M723K5 missiles were launched.
Operation of the SPU 9P78-1 battery during a group launch of the OTR type 9M723K5 or similar 9K720 Iskander-M complex during the Tsentr-2011 exercises, Kapustin YaR training ground, 09/22/2011 (http://www.mil.ru ).
Launches from SPU 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex, Kapustin Yar training ground, 08/22/2011 (photo by Vadim Savitsky, http://twower.livejournal.com).
Group launch of OTR type 9M723K5 or similar complexes 9K720 "Iskander-M" and OTR 9M79 complexes 9K79-1 "Tochka-U" during the exercises "Center-2011", Kapustin Yar training ground, 08/22/2011 (http://www .mil.ru).
- 2011 October 5 - a photo of the SPU 9P78-1 from the 26th Missile Brigade appeared on the Internet.
- 2011 October 11 - at the Kapustin Yar test site, a test launch of a missile with a new type of combat equipment was carried out with one of the experimental SPU 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex. Over the entire period of its operation, 27 missile launches were carried out from this SPU.
October 21, 2011 - Information appeared in the media that the 26th Missile Brigade (Luga, Western Military District) was re-equipped with 9K720 Iskander-M systems. Several media reports say that the first brigade of the Russian Armed Forces is armed with Iskander-M complexes.
November 14, 2011 - the media reported a successful test of the 9M723 missile with a correlation optical seeker. KVO is called at the level of 5 meters. In 2012, the tested complex with a new type of missile will be transferred from the 60th combat use center in Kapustin Yar to the 26th Neman Missile Brigade (Luga).
July 3, 2012 - RIA Novosti, citing the Russian President, reports that by 2020, as part of the State Armaments Program, 10 Iskander-M “brigade missile systems” will be delivered to the ground forces. We are probably talking about brigade kits. According to media reports, one brigade set includes 12 SPU complexes.
2012 September 17-23 - the Caucasus-2012 maneuvers are planned to be held at the Prudboy, Kapustin Yar, Ashuluk and Raevskoye training grounds, within the framework of which it is planned, incl. carrying out firing of combat missiles of the Iskander complex ().
November 22, 2012 - on the official website of the Ministry of Defense it is reported that Iskander missile systems were delivered to parts of the Southern Military District in the Volgograd Region and Krasnodar Territory during 2012.
February 9, 2013 - Commander of the 20th Army of the Western Military District, Major General Alexander Lapin, told the media that the Iskander-M complexes () will soon enter service with the army.
February 12, 2013 - Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces, Colonel General Vladimir Chirkin, inspected the Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy, where specialists are trained to work on the Iskander missile systems ().
SPU 9P78-1 of the Iskander-M missile system, Moscow, preparation for the parade, May 7, 2013 (photo - pfc-joker, http://pfc-joker.livejournal.com).
- 2013 May 15 - information appeared in the media with reference to a representative of the Ministry of Defense about plans to deploy Iskander-M missile systems at the 102nd Russian military base in Gyumri (Armenia).
2013 June 24 - Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Yuri Borisov announced that in 2013 the delivery of the “first brigade sets of complexes” will begin. Previously, manufacturers of various elements of the Iskander complex supplied their products to the troops independently: command and staff vehicles, launchers, as well as missile warheads and launch vehicles were supplied separately. “In 2013, it is planned to deliver the first brigade sets (Iskander OTRK),” Borisov told RIA Novosti.
- 2013 September 22 - the missile brigade of the Western Military District (probably the 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade, Luga) carried out successful training firing of the Iskander-M missile system ().
RK "Iskander-M" at shooting in Luga, Leningrad region. The second frame shows cloudy conditions from shooting the rope clip. 09.22.2013 (footage from the Zvezda TV channel, http://function.mil.ru).
- 2013 October 07 - The Ministry of Defense reports that by the end of the year the Iskander-M missile launchers will arrive in parts of the Southern Military District.
November 14, 2013 - at the Kapustin Yar training ground, a brigade set of Iskander-M missile systems () was handed over to the personnel of one of the missile brigades of the Russian Ground Forces. The brigade kit was transferred to the brigade of the Southern Military District. In general, starting from 2013, it is planned to transfer two brigade sets per year to the armed forces ().
SPU 9P78-1 with 9M723 ballistic missiles and R-500 cruise missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system of the second serial brigade set on the day of transfer of equipment to the 1st RBR. Kapustin Yar, November 14, 2013 (http://vk34.ru/).
SPU 9P78-1 with R-500 cruise missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system of the second serial brigade set on the day of transfer of equipment to the 1st RBR. Kapustin Yar, November 14, 2013 (http://vk34.ru/, video report).
- 2013 November 14 - KBM General Designer V.M. Kashin at the ceremony of handing over the brigade set of Iskander-M complexes in Kapustin Yar said that today 5 types of missiles have been created for the complex and 3 more types of missiles are in development () .
December 15, 2013 - the German weekly Bild, with reference to satellite images, reports the deployment of at least 10 Iskander-M missile systems in the Kaliningrad region - in Kaliningrad, as well as along the borders with the Baltic states (). On December 16, in a statement, the Russian Ministry of Defense said: “The deployment areas of Iskander missile divisions on the territory of the Western Military District (WMD) do not contradict international agreements” (). Thus, the fact of missile deployment has not been refuted, but it has not been confirmed either.
2013 December 18 - the first division of the brigade set of Iskander-M complexes arrived in Krasnodar at the location of the 1st Guard. rocket Orsha orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov brigade (formerly 114th RBR,).
December 19, 2013 - at a press conference it was stated that the decision on the deployment of Iskander-M missile systems in Kaliningrad has not yet been made. Thus, it is likely that there were either no missile systems at all or they were temporarily located in the Kaliningrad region.
February 11, 2014 - The media report on the ongoing development of a new missile for the Iskander-M complex by the KBM without specifying the specifications of the missile ().
July 8, 2014 - a brigade set of Iskander-M missile systems (12 SPU, ) was handed over to the missilemen of the Western Military District in Kapustin Yar.
May 20, 2015 - The leadership of Ukraine states in the media that 10 Iskander-M missile systems are deployed in Crimea (the area of the village of Shchelkovo - Cape Kazantip and the city of Krasnoperekopsk). The first mention of the deployment in the Ukrainian media dates back to December 2014. According to media reports, a total of 3 missile divisions are planned to be deployed. Additional deployment points are the city of Dzhankoy and the village of Chernomorskoye ().
2015, end of July - a missile brigade stationed in the Krasnodar Territory (probably the 1st Guards Missile Brigade) will conduct exercises at the Karustin Yar training ground with combat launches of Iskander-M missiles at a range of up to 300 km ().
2015 September 15 - at the Kapustin Yar training ground, the crew of the missile formation of the Southern Military District carried out combat launches of Iskander-M missiles at targets 300 km away ().
October 30, 2015 - the R-500 cruise missile of the Iskander-M complex was launched at the Kapustin Yar training ground. The launch was carried out as part of an exercise for the strategic forces control system of the Russian Armed Forces (http://mil.ru).
Launch of the R-500 cruise missile of the Iskander-M complex from the Kapustin Yar training ground as part of the exercise of the strategic forces control system of the Russian Armed Forces, October 30, 2015 (video footage from the Russian Ministry of Defense, http://mil.ru).
Still from the TV show “Serving Russia!” TV channel "Zvezda" dated March 27, 2016, which depicts an object similar to SPU 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex on the territory of the Khmeimim airbase, Syria.
- 2016 April 19 - as part of military exercises at the Kapustin Yar training ground, the Iskander-M OTRK cruise missile was launched. The missile hit the target at a distance of 200 km from the launch point. The military camp training took about a month. The launch of Iskander-M was the final point in a large-scale training, in which more than 400 military personnel and 70 pieces of military equipment took part ().
2016 June 28 - another brigade set of Iskander-M complexes (51 vehicles) was transferred to the missile forces of the ground forces of the Eastern District (5th Combined Arms Army) at the Kapustin Yar training ground ().
Receipt of complexes"Iskander" / "Iskander-M" in the Russian Armed Forces* (version dated June 28, 2016):
| Year | Admission | Total | Source of information, note |
| 2004 | plan 4 fact 0 | 0 | |
| 2005 | plan 2-3 fact 3 | 3 | March 2005, entered service with the 630th separate missile division of the 60th Combat Use Center (Kapustin Yar) |
| 2006 | plan - 4? | 4 ? | according to media reports, the data is questionable |
| 2007 | plan - 3-4 fact - 0? | 4 | in January, the installation of 4 Iskander-M complexes of the 630th order was completed, |
| 2008 | plan - 3-4 fact - 3 | 7 | data on supplies of complexes from the media |
| 2009 | plan - 3-4 fact - 3 | 10 | data on supplies of complexes from the media |
| 2010 | plan 3 fact 6 | 16 | Statement by Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia D. Bulgakov 08/01/2011. Perhaps 6 complexes - total supply 2009-2010. |
| 2011 | plan 6? fact - 0 | 16 | Analysis and serial production were not carried out at JSC Votkinsk Plant. Perhaps there were no supplies. |
| 2012 | plan 6? fact - 0 | 16 | Analysis, serial production at Votkinsk Plant OJSC is planned for the amount of 2.4 billion rubles, the complexes are expected to be delivered to the 20th Army of the Western Military District. Perhaps there were no supplies. |
| 2013 | plan - 24 fact - 24 | 40 | - 06/28/2013 the first of two (in 2013) brigade sets of the missile system was transferred to the ground forces - 12 SPU (3 divisions of 2 batteries and 2 SPU each) - 107 ORB (Birobidzhan). It is stated that the delivery of “brigade sets of complexes” will begin in 2013 and that the completion of the armament program for 10 missile brigades is possible before 2018. - 11/14/2013 - the second brigade set of complexes produced in 2013 was transferred to the Kapustin Yar missile brigade of the Southern Military District - the 1st Guards Orsha Missile Order of Suvorov and Kutuzov brigade (Krasnodar). |
| 2014 | plan - 24 fact - 24 (11/18/2014) | 64 | On July 8, a brigade set of Iskander-M complexes (112th Guards Missile Brigade (Shuya)) was transferred to the Western Military District. |
| 2015 | plan - 24 fact - 24 (11/18/2015) | 88 | Assumption according to the statement of the management of KBM dated June 28, 2013. July 15 - a brigade set of Iskander-M complexes was transferred to the 103rd separate missile Red Banner Order of Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky brigade of the 36th combined arms army of the Eastern Military District, stationed in Ulan-Ude. The transfer took place in Kapustin Yar. |
| 2016 | plan - 24 fact - 12 (06/28/2016) | 112 | Assumption according to the statement of the management of KBM dated June 28, 2013. June 28 - the brigade set was transferred to the brigade of the 5th Combined Arms Army of the Eastern District. |
| 2017 | plan - 12? | 124 | Assumption according to the statement of the management of KBM dated June 28, 2013. |
| 2018 | 120 | Possible implementation of plans for 2011 according to the statement of the KBM management dated June 28, 2013. | |
| 2020 | plan +40? | 120 | by the specified date, according to the statement dated 07/03/2012. |
As part of the Russian Armed Forces According to our data, they are armed with Iskander / Iskander-M complexes (data as of 11/09/2016, incomplete):
| Military unit | Military district | Number of SPU | Start acquisition | Completion acquisition | Explanations |
| 630th separate missile division of the 60th Combat Use Center (Znamensk-6, Kapustin Yar training ground) | Southern District (formerly North Caucasian), subordination of the part - central | 4 | March 2005 | January 2007 | the first part armed with 9K720 complexes July 2014 is the planned commissioning date for park equipment storage facilities in Znamensk 13017 and 13021 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade of the 6th Army (Luga), military unit 54006 | Western District (formerly Leningradsky) | 12 | 2008/2009 (plan 2007) really - July 2010 | plan - 2012 (based on indirect evidence, 2009-2010) July 2011 (fact) 10/21/2011 (announced in the media) | 2009 - according to media reports, completed, 2010 is planned to be completely re-equipped. The brigade was fully equipped with Iskander systems in July 2011. On August 22, 2011, brigade personnel and possibly 2 or 4 SPU took part in training launches at the Kapustin Yar training ground as part of the Center-2011 exercise. in 2012, complexes with 9M723 missiles with optical correlation seekers will be transferred to the brigade (not confirmed). July 2014 is the planned commissioning date for the park equipment storage facility 1/L-25 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 107th separate missile brigade of the 35th Army (Birobidzhan / Semistochny village) | Eastern (formerly Far Eastern) | 12 | 2007 (2005 plans) | 2011 (plan) 06/28/2013 (fact) | It was announced that recruitment would begin in March 2005. On June 28, 2013, the transfer of the first complete brigade set of Iskander-M complexes to the brigade was completed. July 2014 is the planned commissioning date for the park storage facility for equipment P-3/11 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 1st Guards Rocket Orsha Order of Suvorov and Kutuzov Brigade of the 49th Army (formerly 114th RBR, Krasnodar) | Southern District (formerly North Caucasian) | 12 | 2012 | 2012 (plan) November 14, 2013 (fact) | 2011 - the missile brigade was reassigned to the 49th Combined Arms Army () RBR of the 2nd division composition, according to our assessment, on November 22, 2012, the website of the Ministry of Defense reported that in 2012, deliveries of the Iskander missile system began to parts of the Southern Military District The first division (out of three) arrived at the place of deployment in the village of Molkino on December 17, 2013 () July 2014 is the planned date for commissioning the park equipment storage facility in the villages of Molkino 13009 and Mozdok 13011 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 112th Guards Rocket Brigade (Shuya) 1st Tank Army | Western District (formerly Moscow) | 12 | 2014 | 07/08/2014 (fact) | The re-equipment of the unit was planned for 2009. 07/08/2014 A brigade set of Iskander-M complexes was transferred to the missile unit of the Western Military District in Kapustin Yar. February 2015 is the planned commissioning date for the park storage facility for equipment 107/603 (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 92nd Missile Brigade (Totskoye-2, Orenburg, formerly Kamenka near Penza) of the 2nd Combined Arms Army | Privolzhsko-Uralsky | 12 | It was planned to begin recruitment in 2007 | 2011 (2010 plan) 11/18/2014 (fact) | Deliveries were planned in 2010 November 18, 2014 A brigade set of Iskander-M complexes was transferred to the missile unit in Kapustin Yar July 2014 is the planned commissioning date for the park equipment storage facility in the village of Totskoye-2 TC-ISK (Spetsstroy of Russia, reference report). |
| 103rd separate rocket Red Banner orders of Kutuzov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky brigade of the 36th combined arms army (Drovyanaya settlement, Ulan-Ude) | Eastern (formerly Siberian) | 12 | no data | plan - 2015 until the end of the year () 07/15/2015 | It was announced that recruitment would begin in March 2005. On July 15, 2015, a brigade set of Iskander-M complexes was transferred to the missile unit in Kapustin Yar - 51 units. technology |
| 12th (new) missile brigade as part of the 58th combined arms army (Mozdok, ) | Southern | 12 | no data | until the end of 2015 Kuwait - as of 2008, negotiations are underway on possible supplies (Rosoboronexport, interview with N. Dimidyuk); Malaysia - according to Rosoboronexport (interview with N. Dimidyuk) is interested in supplying the Iskander-E OTR. The United Arab Emirates - according to Rosoboronexport (interview with N. Dimidyuk) is interested in supplying the Iskander-E OTR. Saudi Arabia: Singapore - as of 2008, negotiations are underway on possible supplies (Rosoboronexport, interview with N. Dimidyuk); Syria - 2004 - a contract was concluded for the supply of Iskander-E to Syria, later canceled by President Vladimir Putin under pressure from the United States and Israel. It was assumed that delivery would be made in 2007-2008. In February 2007, information appeared about a likely supply starting in 2007 through Belarus Http://www.gosniimash.ru http://test.rosb.ru, 2010 Shunkov V.N., Missile weapons. Minsk, Potpourri, 2003 GlobalSecurity.org. Website http://www.globalsecurity.org, 2010 Zaloga Steven J., Scud Ballistic Missile and Launch Systems 1955-2005. Osprey Publishing. 2006 |
DATA FOR 2017 (standard update, v.2)
9K715 Iskander complex, 9M723 missile - SS-X-26 STONE
Complex 9K720 "Iskander-M", missile 9M723-1 - SS-26 STONE-A
Complex 9K720E "Iskander-E", missile 9M723E - SS-26 STONE-B
Complex 9K720 "Iskander-M", missile 9M728 / R-500 ("Iskander-K") - SS-26 STONE-S
Operational-tactical missile system / multi-purpose modular missile system of the ground forces. The development of the complex was carried out using developments in the complexes " ", " ", " " and " ". It is also likely that the complex was created taking into account the research work " " on the study of the concept of a modular-type multifunctional missile system for the ground forces. The origins of the development of the complex date back to the Iskander research work, carried out since 1978. On the topic of research, the possibility of placing two OTR class OTR 9M79 " " on the SPU of a similar SPU of the 9K714 "Oka" complex was studied. The main goal is to create an OTR with a range of up to 400 km to replace the complex with the 8K14 missile with increased combat performance, as well as to ensure guaranteed destruction of particularly important targets with two missiles. According to unconfirmed reports, the Iskander research project was stopped in the first half of the 1980s at the stage of testing the targeting system and missile control systems.
The development of the Iskander complex in its original form began at the Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau (Kolomna, hereinafter - KBM) on an initiative basis by order of the chief designer S.P. Nepobedimy and under his leadership in 1987. KBM's competitor in the development of the new generation OTR was Tula The Instrument Design Bureau under the leadership of A.G. Shipunov proposed its own. The resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers on financing the design work of the complex was issued in 1988. When creating the complex, the task was set to ensure interaction within the RUK "Equality" with the M-55 target designation aircraft (developed by RUK - NIIEMI). The original project may have planned to use the SPU 9P76 with one missile. The KShM of the RUK "Equality" was designed on the MAZ-543 chassis (the KShM is similar to the KShM "Polyana").
Self-propelled launcher 9P78-1 of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system with a 9M723 missile during exercises of the missile brigade in Primorye, November 14-18, 2016 (http://smitsmitty.livejournal.com/).
The development of prototypes of self-propelled guns was carried out by the Titan Central Design Bureau. The prototype of the two-missile SPU Br-1555-1 was developed by the Titan Design Bureau on the basis of the BAZ-69501 chassis by 1991. At site 4C ("4-old") of the Strategic Missile Forces Kapustin Yar training ground (4th GCMP) in the summer of 1991 from installation Several throw-in launches were carried out (including two-missile salvo launches). In most sources, the Br-1555-1 SPU appears as a “mock-up test site sample” of the launcher. The development of SPU on the BAZ-69501 chassis has not been completed. Also, in some sources the index “9P81” has been replicated, but whether it has a real relation to the Iskander / Iskander-M complexes or is a fiction (error) has not been established.
In 1990-1992 CDB "Titan" developed and manufactured the first prototype of the SPU 9P76 on the BAZ-6954 chassis. Presumably, the development of a new type of SPU on the new BAZ chassis was carried out earlier in parallel with the development of the Br-1555-1 SPU. The first launch from the new SPU was carried out in the summer of 1992. Further, in 1992, tests were continued with a second launch. During 1993, 5 launches were carried out from SPU 9P76 No. 1. In 1994-1997 prototypes of the 9M723 missile, presumably with a cassette warhead, were tested from the SPU. In total, more than 10 launches were made.
Site No. 231 of the Kapustin Yar test site where the Iskander missile system was tested (https://www.bing.com, 2016).
Testing of Iskander missiles with SPU 9P76, Kapustin Yar test site (TV program "Strike Force").
For testing, 2 single-missile SPU 9P76 (samples No. 1 and No. 2) were manufactured on the BAZ-6954 chassis and 2 transport vehicles 9T246, probably on the same chassis. The tests were carried out at the same site 4C of the 4th State Medical Center Kapustin Yar. The second copy of the SPU 9P76 was used to test the rocket launcher and was used for launches at the Kapustin Yar test site a limited number of times. Thus, tests of the first versions of the Iskander complex were carried out from 1991 to 1997. Moreover, already on October 25, 1995, the completion of tests of the Iskander missile system was announced at Krasnaya Zvezda.
KBM specialists and testers are working at the landing site of the Iskander missile. Second from left is Deputy Head of the Scientific and Technical Department of KBM I.N. Kotkov. Kapustin Yar training ground, 1990s - early 2000s (processed).
After the first launches of Iskander OTR prototypes, a decision was made to change the approach to the concept of using the complex towards a “multi-purpose modular missile system of the ground forces” with different types of missiles. In 1993, the technical specifications for the Iskander-M complex were approved. Work on the complex was continued by a team of KBM specialists under the leadership of the chief designer of the department Oleg Mamalyga. In 1995, the first experimental two-missile SPU 9P78 was manufactured on the MZKT-7930 chassis (9P78 version 1, see figure below). Tests of the complex with the experimental SPU 9P78 version 1 have been carried out at the Kapustin Yar test site since 1995:
- since 1995, throwing and autonomous range tests have been carried out, an experiment was conducted with the suspension of a cruise missile;
- field testing of the complex began in 1997;
- in 1999, at the 71st RV site of the Kapustin Yar test site, State tests of the Iskander-M complex began, which were completed with 9M723 ballistic missiles with a new version of the cluster warhead in August 2004 (probably 9M723K5 or its prototype).
In total, during tests with SPU 9P78, 9P78-1 No. 1 and No. 2, 13 launches of 9M723 missiles were carried out. As of April 2004, 10 launches were carried out as part of state tests, and later 3 more launches were made. State tests were successfully completed in 2004 ().
Development of the 9M728 cruise missile As one of the types of combat equipment for the missile system, the Novator Design Bureau (Ekaterinburg) was carried out under the general leadership of P.I. Kamnev. In 2007 Based on the results of successful launches of 9M728 cruise missiles (Iskander R&D), a decision was made to move in 2008 to the final stage of testing the Iskander-M complex in the final expanded composition of fire weapons ().
Serial production and adoption. Production of the MZKT-7930 chassis was started by the MZKT plant (Minsk) in 1998. State tests of the basic version of the Iskander complex were supposed to be completed in 2000, but began at the 71st site of the RV NE of the Kapustin Yar training ground in 2001. and were completed only in August 2004 (as of April 2004, 10 launches were carried out as part of state tests, later at least 5-6 more).
The 9K720 Iskander-M complex was put into service in a truncated composition in 2004 and in 2005 the complex began to enter combat units (630th ORDN of the 60th Combat Use Center, Kapustin Yar). In 2006, the 9K720 Iskander-M complex (Previously it was believed that this name was purely a media invention, but in the second half of 2009 we established the reliability of the name based on documents on open government contracts)fully adopted by the Russian Armed Forces with ballistic missiles of the 9M723 type(source - plate to SPU 9P76 of the complex in the open part of the museum of the Kapustin Yar test site) . Planned (2008) start of mass production - 2010. Completion of the deployment of the army group according to the plan (2008-2009) - 2015. Missiles are produced at the Votkinsk plant, self-propelled launchers and heavy equipment - PO "Barricades" (g .Volgograd, in series since 2006, production capabilities for 2008 - 12 complexes per year), chassis - Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant (Minsk, Belarus). "Iskander-E" is an export version of the complex with a reduced range and conventional warheads. It is likely that the original design of the Iskander missile system envisaged the use of several types of ballistic missiles. The formation of the first military missile brigade was completed in 2010 ().
According to plans announced at the beginning of 2011, during the implementation of the state armaments program for 2011-2020. (adopted on December 31, 2010) it is planned to supply 10 missile brigades of Iskander-M complexes to the armed forces. On August 1, 2011, Deputy Minister of Defense of Russia D. Bulgakov stated that it is planned to adopt a total of 120 Iskander complexes (i.e. 12 SPU per brigade) into service with the Russian Armed Forces. In 2011, a contract was concluded between the Russian Ministry of Defense and NPK KBM for the supply of 10 brigade sets of Iskander-M complexes with ballistic and cruise missiles - each set includes 12 launchers, 12 transport-loading vehicles, 11 command-and-control vehicles. staff vehicles, 14 life support vehicles, one information preparation point, one routine maintenance vehicle, a set of training aids, a set of portable automated workstations, a set of arsenal equipment and a military supply of two types of missiles (). The delivery of the first such set was carried out in June 2013. The delivery of the second set is planned for the fall of 2013. Until 2018, the 2011 program can be completed at this rate. When handing over the first set on June 28, 2013, it was stated that the missile brigades are not ready to provide storage of the received complexes - there are no properly equipped heated and air-conditioned boxes. Storing equipment outside ensures equipment wear and tear of 50% per season. There and at the same time, information was made public that the combat use control and target designation system of the Iskander-M complexes had not been developed and not accepted for service ().
On February 10, 2014, the media reported that a new type of missile was being created for the Iskander-M missile system ().
Hypothetical 2009-2010 - In our opinion, the Iskander complex went through three stages in the process of creation:
1) Research and development project "Iskander"- the first version of the 9M723 missile and complex - was studied in the OTR configuration of the ground forces as part of preliminary research based on the ideas contained in the Uran, Oka and Tochka projects, which were carried out in the mid-1980s or even earlier. There is evidence that the development of some components of the missile control system and complex within the framework of the Iskander project was carried out until 1986 at SKB-626 (now NPO Automation named after Academician N.A. Semikhatov, Miass). The complex was supposedly intended to replace the 9K72 SCUD-B complexes in the USSR Armed Forces according to the principle - 1 Iskander SPU with 2 missiles instead of a battery of 9K72 complexes, and taking into account high accuracy - instead of a 9K72 division. Perhaps it was intended to use a two-missile non-floating SPU similar in design to the SPU of the Oka-U complex on a BAZ chassis. The missile and complex were supposed to implement the following technological solutions: implementation of topographical reference at any point along the route, receiving target designation from external sources of information in real time, retargeting the missile after launch, using correlation seekers at the final stage of the trajectory, minimal radar signature of the missile and a set of measures for overcoming a potential missile defense system, entering data into the missile control system inside the SPU before transferring the missile to the launch position (first implemented by 1972 on the Temp-2S ICBM), controlling the missile throughout the entire flight path.
2) 9K715 "Iskander" / OKR "Tender"- second version of the rocket 9M723 and complex - was created starting in 1987 as a replacement for OTR Oka and 9K72 SCUD-B. Tests began in 1991 at the Kapustin Yar test site, the weight of the warhead was reduced. Tests were carried out using test site PU, SPU 9P81 and 9P78. On the basis of this version of the rocket, the initial version of the Iskander-E complex was created and is being marketed, tests of which were carried out approximately in 1995-2001. (as part of missile testing 9M723 ). According to fragmentary data and an interview with chief designer O.I. Mamalyga (2004), Iskander-E carries 1 missile on the SPU.
3) 9K720 "Iskander-M"- the third option is a modular multifunctional complex created using the results of the Volna research project. Fire weapons:
- basic model - "Iskander-M" with 9M723 missile (" 9M723 third option") - the characteristics of the rocket have been noticeably changed - a more modern mixed fuel and a control system for both the rocket and the complex, built on a new elemental base, are used.
- export version of the Iskander-E with the 9M723 missile.
- development - "Iskander-K" with a cruise missile in the TPK. The SPU 9P78-1 is used with the SPU 1 TPK mounted on one boom. testing started in May 2007
This system is intended only for the Russian Armed Forces. Tests were carried out in 2001-2005. Based on the universal two-missile SPU 9P78-1.
P.S. Based on the concept of a modular multifunctional complex, the launch units of the Iskander-M complex can use different fire weapons - cruise missiles (Iskander-K), including simultaneously (one arrow is a ballistic missile, the other is a cruise missile), operational-tactical missiles increased range, etc. A chassis based on the MZKT-7930 "Astrologer" made according to this concept by replacing modules can be quickly rebuilt for SPU of other types of fire weapons.
Launcher:
- experimental wheeled SPU Br-1555-1 /polygon prototype launcher(1991) - the development of prototypes of self-propelled units was carried out by the Titan Central Design Bureau. The prototype of the two-missile SPU Br-1555-1 was developed by the Titan Design Bureau on the basis of the BAZ-69501 chassis by 1991. At site 4C ("4-old") of the Strategic Missile Forces Kapustin Yar training ground (4th GCMP) in the summer of 1991 from installation Several throw-in launches were carried out (including two-missile salvo launches). In most sources, the Br-1555-1 SPU appears as a “mock-up test site sample” of the launcher. The development of the SPU on the BAZ-69501 chassis was not completed. Until 2011, we believed that there was a separate test site mock-up launcher, but, as it turned out, this was not true.
Experimental two-missile self-propelled launcher Br-1555-1 of the Iskander complex. Probably, the SPU is equipped with a missile version for throw-out launches. Kapustin Yar training ground, 1991 (photo from the archive of the user "Random", published on June 30, 2011).
The prototype of the SPU 9P76 chassis is the BAZ-69501 chassis (Vasiliev V. To the 40th anniversary of the Bryansk Automobile Plant. // Equipment and weapons. No. 2 / 1999).
During the first stage of testing at the Kapustin Yar test site, the launch of the complex’s missiles and the operation of launch systems were tested from this launcher. The peculiarity of the launch of the Iskander missile is the use of a lifting boom of the launcher and detachable missile mounting bands. After the lower ring of the bandage is released from the boom locks and the main plug connector is uncoupled, a command is issued to activate the squibs holding the bandages (two squibs for each bandage). The bandages are shot off, the holes for the mounting pins in the rocket body are closed with spring-loaded covers - in order to reduce the EPR of the rocket.
In the photograph of the launch of the Iskander missile, a cloud is clearly visible that arose as a result of the shooting of the upper yoke clip (Missile and artillery weapons. Catalog "Weapons of Russia". M., Military Parade, 2004).
Shooting the upper yoke clip during the launch of a 9M723K5 rocket, Kapustin Yar test site, 08/22/2011 (photo by Vadim Savitsky, http://twower.livejournal.com).
- SPU 9P81- the index “9P81” has been replicated in some sources, but whether it has a real relation to the Iskander / Iskander-M complexes or is a fiction (error) has not been established.
- experimental wheeled SPU 9P76 on the BAZ-6954 chassis - The SPU was designed by the Titan Design Bureau (design bureau of the Barrikady plant), the first prototype 9P76 was manufactured in 1992. Presumably, the development of a new type of SPU on the new BAZ chassis was previously carried out in parallel with the development of the Br-1555-1 SPU. The SPU chassis was developed within the framework of the research project "Facet" of the Bryansk Automobile Plant Design Bureau on the basis of the BAZ-69501 chassis in 1990-1992, the head of the design bureau is V.B. Vyushkin, the chief designer of the chassis is V.P. Trusov (since 1997 - Yu.A. Shpak). The SPU is not floating, it carries one missile; in the front part of the body with the rocket there is a gas turbine electric generator that provides power to the SPU.
The first launch from the new SPU was carried out in the summer of 1992. Further, in 1992, tests were continued with a second launch. During 1993, 5 launches were carried out from SPU 9P76 No. 1. In 1994-1997 prototypes of the 9M723 missile, presumably with a cassette warhead, were tested from the SPU. In total, more than 10 launches were made. For testing, a total of 2 single-missile SPU 9P76 (samples No. 1 and No. 2) were manufactured on the BAZ-6954 chassis and 2 transport vehicles 9T246, probably on the same chassis. The tests were carried out at site 4C of the 4th State Medical Center Kapustin Yar. The second copy of the SPU 9P76 was used to test the rocket launcher and was used for launches at the Kapustin Yar test site a limited number of times.
TTX SPU 9P76:
Engines - 2 x diesel KamAZ-740 with a power of 210 hp each, each engine runs on its own side
Wheel formula - 8 x 8
Length - 11.3 m
Width - 3.08 m
Height - 3.05 m
Ground clearance - 470 mm
Total weight - 36000 kg
Curb weight - 18500 kg
Load capacity - 17100 kg
Highway speed - 60 km/h
Fuel range - 682 km
Calculation - 4 people
Experimental self-propelled launcher 9P76 of the Iskander complex, Kapustin Yar training ground, 1992-1996. (photo from the archive of the user "Random", published on June 30, 2011).
Experimental SPU 9P76 on the BAZ-6954 chassis at the Kapustin Yar training ground (TV show “Serving Russia!”, TV channel “Zvezda”, 12/17/2006)
Drawing of an experimental SPU 9P76 on a BAZ-6954 chassis, a lifting boom from the Oka complex is mistakenly drawn (probably the drawing was made on the basis of TV material from the Zvezda TV channel, http://www.military.cz).
Experimental self-propelled launcher 9P76 of the Iskander complex on the BAZ-6954 chassis, open museum of equipment at the Kapustin Yar training ground, summer 2016 (photo from the archive of the user "Sluchany", published 10/21/2016).
- wheeled SPU 9P78- after changing the concept of the Iskander complex, starting from 1993, work has been underway to redesign the SPU on the MZKT-7930 chassis for two launching booms with different types of combat load (OTR, KR). In 1995, a new SPU 9P78 was manufactured. Launches from it began in the same 1995. Later, SPU 9P78 was converted into SPU 9P78-1 - the body was modernized. Probably the reason for the modernization was the refusal to place some types of combat load on the complex.
- wheeled SPU 9P78-1(apparently not earlier than 1994) - MZKT-79301 chassis (two missiles on SPU with separate lifting booms). In our opinion, this is a prototype or the first series of the Iskander SPU on the MZKT chassis, the visible differences from the 9P78-1 are insignificant. It is possible that the SPU 9P78 can only launch 9M723 ballistic missiles. The installation was designed by the Titan Central Design Bureau (design bureau of the Barrikady plant). The MZKT-7930 "Astrologer" chassis was developed by SKB-1 of the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant in 1990 (prototype). Serial production of the chassis began in 1998. Chassis tests were carried out at the Kapustin Yar test site, test tracks of the NIIIAT RF Ministry of Defense and public roads. After a 30,000-mile run, the tractor was tested in a climate chamber at a temperature of -50°C, then in a wind tunnel, where resistance to shock waves was assessed.
SPU 9P78-1 version 1 with a 9M723 missile, in the pre-launch position the left of the two missiles, late 1990s - early 2000s (http://milparade.com, according to RIA Novosti, photo taken 11/07/2008 , which is not true).
- universal wheeled SPU 9P78-1 / 9P78-1E(serial modification, appearance - 2001-2005) on the MZKT-7930 chassis (apparently the MZKT-79305 model) "Astrologer" (two missiles on the SPU with separate lifting booms - ballistic or winged or a combination of ballistic and winged). The TZM 9T250 on the MZKT-79305 chassis carries two missiles and is equipped with a jib crane. The unit was designed by the Central Design Bureau "Titan" (design bureau of the "Barricades" plant) and produced by the "Barricades" Production Association (Volgograd) on the chassis of the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant (Minsk, Belarus). Serial production of SPU and TZM began in 2006, the production capabilities of the Barrikady PA, according to data for 2008, are 12 complexes per year. As of 2014 - 2 brigade sets per year.
The complex's vehicles are air transportable by An-124 class aircraft. In the front part of the body with missiles there is a gas turbine electric generator, which is part of the power and air conditioning unit (controlled from the driver's remote control). Presumably, a laser sighting optical system is placed in the body for placing the GPS missile in the launch plane and entering flight mission numbers into the on-board computer before launching in a horizontal position. Perhaps the SPU 9P78-1 differs from the 9P78 in that it can use both old and new types of missiles (see the stages of development of the complex above), and also, probably, the SPU 9P78-1 is universal and is used as part of the Iskander complexes -M" and "Iskander-K".
Engine - diesel YaMZ-846 with a power of 500 hp, manual gearbox YaMZ-202.04 (9/2) with clutch YaMZ-151-10, MZKT-79306 - diesel Deutz BF8M105C with a power of 544 hp. with 5-speed hydromechanical transmission Allison HD4560P.
Wheel formula - 8 x 8 (the first two axles are rotary)
Length - approx. 13070 mm
Width - 3070 mm
Height - approx. 3290 mm
Ground clearance - 400 mm
Tires - R25 with adjustable pressure
Gross weight - 40000-43200 kg (up to 45000 kg on the chassis)
Chassis curb weight - 21000 kg
Load capacity:
MZKT-79301 - 22200 kg
MZKT-79305 - 25000 kg
- MZKT-79306 - 24000 kg
Permissible axial mass (MZKT-79306):
- front axles - 21800 kg
- rear axles - 23200 kg
Highway speed - 70 km/h
Speed on dirt road - 40 km/h
Cross-country speed - 20 km/h
Fording depth - 1.4 m
Fuel range - 1000 km
Calculation - 3 people (2 people TZM)
Missile launch sector - 180 degrees.
Chassis MZKT-79306 is a close analogue of MZKT-79305 (Technique that knows no barriers. Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant. Booklet, 2009).
SPU 9P78-1 version 2 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex, rehearsal of the Victory Parade in Moscow, 04/26/2011. The last two photos are 05/03/2011 (photo - Vitaly Kuzmin, http://vitalykuzmin.net).
SPU of the operational-tactical complex "Iskander-M" / "Iskander-K" at the 231st site of the 4th GCM training ground of the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2010 (4 interspecific: the 21st century begins. 4 GCM of the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2011.
SPU 9P78-1 board No. 811, probably the 630th ORDN after the missile launch, Kapustin Yar test site, 08/22/2011 (photo by Vadim Savitsky, http://twower.livejournal.com).
Serial military SPU 9P78-1 of the Iskander-M complex. 26th Neman Red Banner Missile Brigade. 10.20.2011 (photo - Alexey Danichev, http://sputniknews.com).
SPU 9P78-1 with cruise missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system of the first production brigade set on the day of transfer of equipment to the 107th RBR. Kapustin Yar, 06/28/2013 (http://i-korotchenko.livejournal.com).
SPU 9P78-1 version 2 and TZM 9T250 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex, rehearsal of the Victory Parade in Moscow, 05/03/2011 (photo - Andrey Kryuchenko, http://a-andreich.livejournal.com).
New SPU BAZ- in February 2007, at an off-site meeting of the military-industrial commission on the basis of NPO Almaz, the management of PA BAZ announced that on the basis of the Voshchina-1 chassis and/or on the basis of the developing promising Voshchina-2 chassis, a SPU would be created for complex "Iskander". No other information available.
Complex missiles.
Ballistic missile 9M723(the 9M728 cruise missile is described in a separate article - " "
):
Design single-stage missiles with an inseparable warhead. Much attention is paid to reducing the RCS - there are no protruding parts, holes and noticeable joints, the cable garrot is minimized as much as possible on the first versions of the rockets and is made in the form of a thin train on the surface of the rocket body on more modern series, the aerodynamic control surfaces are replaced with swept ones instead of lattice ones. A special heat-protective coating of the body is used, which can probably serve as a coating that reduces the ESR.
The 9M723-1 missile of the Iskander-M complex. Kubinka, Army 2015 forum, 06/17/2015 (photo - Sergey Karpukhin, Reuters).
The 9M723-1 missile of the Iskander-M complex. Kubinka, forum "Army 2016" (September 2016).
Projections of 9M723 missiles of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex (, 11/06/2016).
According to the scheme previously adopted for OTR complexes, the missile of the complex (for example, 9M723K5) includes a missile part (for example, 9M723) and a warhead (for example, 9N722K5).
According to information available in 2011, missile units 9M723 and 9M723-1 are mentioned.
A mock-up of the Iskander-E missile with the 9M723 missile part at the exhibition "Technologies in Mechanical Engineering - 2010", Moscow, 30.06 - 04.07.2010 (http://maks.sukhoi.ru).
Cable gargrot on the old model of the missile complex (on the left, probably 9M723) and on the new one (on the right, probably 9M723-1). Stills from the films "Strike Force".
Fragments of the design of the 9M723K5 rocket (probably). Stills from a report on the receipt of 9K720 Iskander-M systems by the 26th Missile Brigade in Luga, 10/21/2011 (NTV channel).
Training missile 9M723 during reloading from the TZM 9T250 of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex to the SPU 9P87-1. Publication no later than 2015 (photo - Dmitry Rogulin,).
Presumably, during group launches of 9K720 Iskander-M complexes during the Center-2011 exercises, missiles with a 9M723-1 missile unit were used, Kapustin Yar training ground, 09/22/2011 (http://www.mil.ru).
Ballistic missile 9M723 of the 9K720 Iskander-M missile system in a transport container. The photo was taken at the ceremony of handing over the first serial brigade set of equipment of the 107th RBR. Kapustin Yar, 06/28/2013 (http://i-korotchenko.livejournal.com).
The same moment - a frame from the TV channel "Zvezda" (http://www.mil.ru).
Containers 9YA293-E with missiles for the Iskander-E complexes of the Armenian armed forces (09/22/2016, footage from an Armenian television report).
Control and guidance system - The rocket's control system is autonomous inertial (developed by TsNIIAG, Moscow), the rocket is controlled by the control system throughout the entire flight. The control system is built on the basis of a gyro-stabilized platform (GSP) and a digital computer (analogue of DAVU OTR "Tochka"). When using missiles with a seeker, the on-board computer of the missile's inertial control system adjusts the trajectory according to the seeker data. Control is carried out using aerodynamic and gas-jet rudders and, probably, on the 9M723-1 rocket part gas-dynamically using shunting reusable solid propellant rocket engines or using a gas generator. The warhead is inseparable.
Deep modernization and experimental testing of the previously developed command gyroscopic device (a set of gyroscopic devices) for the Iskander / Iskander-M missiles was carried out by NPO Electromechanics (Miass). State tests were successfully completed in 2004. Serial production of gyroscopic devices is carried out there ( see - Annual report of JSC "NPO Electromechanics...", ).
Autocollimator (left) and automatic gyrocompass of the first SPU of the Iskander complex developed by the Arsenal Design Bureau (Kiev), footage from Ukrainian television.
The topographic reference system of the complex's launch unit can interact with space navigation systems such as NAVSTAR and GLONASS. Input of targeting data into missiles (alignment of the GPS in the launch plane and entry of flight mission numbers into the on-board computer) occurs automatically when the missiles are in a horizontal position inside the SPU, probably using an improved optical system for aligning the missile's GPS using a laser optical device (since on the SPU there are no light guides typical for light systems - see "Tochka" and "Oka"). Entering goal data takes little time and before the start, goal data can be adjusted based on information from an external source. With an interval of 1 minute, the complex can strike two missiles at two different targets. The flight trajectory is flat ("quasi-ballistic"), possibly with the ability to maneuver in some missile variants.
Automatic gyrocompass (AGC) supports in the central part of the SPU 9P78-1 ().
Probably wind sensors on SPU 9P78-1 board No. 811, apparently from the 630th ORDN. Kapustin Yar training ground, August 22, 2011 (photo by Vadim Savitsky, http://twower.livejournal.com).
The GLONASS system equipment on the SPU type 9P78-1 is represented by a portable receiver-indicator 14Ts821 "Grot-V" ("portable"). The receiver indicator antenna is located on the roof of the SPU cabin. The product has been developed and mass-produced by the Research Institute of KP since 2001.
Probably the on-board digital computer (DAVU) of the Iskander missiles ( http://youtube.com)
Command-gyroscopic device (gyro-stabilized platform), automation unit and on-board computer (DAVU) on 9M723 missiles of the Iskander complex. Photo from the area of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict (August 2008) and a still from the films of the “Strike Force” series ( http://youtube.com)
Porthole of the optical aiming system of the gyroscopic devices of the 9M723 missile (http://militaryphotos.net).
Probably the optical aiming system of the missile's gyroscopic devices on the SPU 9P78 (frame from the promotional film of the Central Design Bureau "Titan", http://youtube.com)
For comparison, systems similar in purpose are installed on the control systems of the Oka (left) and Tochka-U (right) complexes.
Internal structure of the Iskander-M complex equipped with the R-500 SPU 9P78-1 cruise missile, Kapustin Yar, 10/30/2015 (video footage from the Russian Ministry of Defense, http://mil.ru).
Presumably a standard theodolite for maintenance of the SPU targeting system at a firing range position. Sighting is carried out on the base reflector of the automatic gyrocompass and then, through a second portable theodolite, in several steps the reference point is snapped and the azimuth of the base launch direction is checked. The photo shows the SPU of the 9K720 Iskander-M complex during launches to test a new type of combat equipment, Kapustin Yar training ground, 10/11/2011 (Zvezda TV channel).
In addition to missiles with an inertial control system, missiles with seekers of two types can also be used, which are activated at the final stage of flight (according to our assessment, they are not in service as of 2009, they are probably being tested starting in 2004 or later). The seeker at the final section of the trajectory corrects the operation of the inertial control system of the rocket (estimated, cannot be used on the Iskander-E):
- radar correlation seeker- developed by TsNIIAG (Moscow) in the late 1980s on the topic “Volga”, the missile is aimed by comparing a digital map of the area in the target area and radar seeker data;
- optical correlation seeker 9E436 - developed by TsNIIAG (Moscow), the missile is aimed at a reference image of the target, similar to the seeker of the 8K14-1F missile. The GOS was presented for the first time at the Eurosatory-2004 exhibition.
GOS mass - 20 kg
Flight task entry time - no more than 5 minutes
KVO - up to 20 m
Optical seeker 9E436 for OTR "Iskander" at the TsNIIAG stand at the MVSV-2004 exhibition
- radar active seeker 9B918 - developed and produced by NPP "Radar MMS" as of 2009. In 2009, serial production of 22 primary information processing units for the seeker 9B918 of 9M723-1F missiles is planned in 2010-2011.
Option 1 (possibly 9N722K1 or another) - cassette warhead - R&D - Design Bureau of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. Weight 480 kg, 54 combat elements, warhead deployment height - 900-1400 m, combat element activation height - 6-10 m, the use of this type of warhead with an optical or radar correlation seeker is assessed by us as unlikely.
Types of combat elements:
1. fragmentation non-contact
2. cumulative fragmentation
3. self-aiming
4. volumetric detonating
Option 2 (possibly 9N722K1 or another) - cassette warhead with 45 9N730 combat elements developed and produced by GosNIIMash (Dzerzhinsk) with a central explosive charge (CRZ) 9N731. As of 2008, it is in serial production in the experimental workshop 4510 of GosNIIMash (production of 16 sets of equipment per year). In 2009, the labor intensity of manufacturing the 9N730 combat element was 16.23 standard hours, the CRZ - 30 standard hours. Proximity fuses 9E156 "Umbrella" for combat elements of cassette warheads were developed by the Research Institute of Electronic Devices (Novosibirsk,).
- Rocket 9M723-1F / 9M723-1FE- a missile with a radar seeker 9B918 developed and produced by NPP Radar MMS. Developed as of 2009
- Complex 9K720E "Iskander-E", missile 9M720E / 9M723E- export modification of the complex with SPU 9P78-1E,
- Complex "Iskander-MKR"- During the IMDS-2005 exhibition, it was announced that a sea-based missile would be created on the basis of the Iskander OTR.
- Rocket 9M723, version 2016- in September-October 2016, a rocket was launched at the Kaputsin Yar test site, the footage of which was posted on Youtube in October 2016. The rocket in appearance differs from the previously known versions of the 9M723 rocket.
Missile type 9M723 version 2016 (video footage from Youtube).
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