Biography Kalashnikov was born on November 11, 1919. in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory, in a large peasant family. Mikhail was the seventeenth child in the family. After graduating from the 9th grade of high school, M.T. Kalashnikov went to work as a student at the Matai station railway depot. In 1938, M.T. Kalashnikov was drafted into the Red Army, served in the Kiev Special Military District, and graduated from the school of tank driver mechanics. Since 1949, M.T. Kalashnikov has lived and worked in the city of Izhevsk. During his work, he promoted from an ordinary designer to a chief designer of small arms. General M.T. Kalashnikov was awarded high state awards.
History of creation In October 1941, he was seriously wounded and shell-shocked. While still in the hospital, M.T. Kalashnikov decided to develop and manufacture a submachine gun. Having received a six-month leave, he arrived at the Matai station and in the workshops of the depot, with the help of his fellow workers, carried out his plan. The outstanding Soviet scientist in the field of small arms A.A. Blagonravov became interested in the submachine gun of senior sergeant Kalashnikov. In 1942, M.T. Kalashnikov was sent to serve at the Central Research Range of Small Arms (NIPSMVO) of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army.
At the training ground in 1944, Kalashnikov developed a prototype of a self-loading carbine, the design of the main components of which served as the basis for the creation of an assault rifle in 1946. In 1947, M.T. Kalashnikov improved his assault rifle in the same year due to its high reliability and operational efficiency machine won a brilliant victory in the most difficult competitive tests. The assault rifle was adopted by the Soviet Army in 1949 under the name “Avtomat Kalashnikov (AK)”, and senior sergeant M.T. Kalashnikov was awarded the Stalin Prize of the first degree in 1949.
Caliber: 5.45 mm. Magazine capacity: 30 rounds Weight: 3.6 kg. (with a full magazine) Weight of the bayonet with scabbard is 0.49 kg. Length (without bayonet): 940 mm. Barrel length 415 mm. Sighting range: 1000 m. Initial speed: 900 m/s Maximum bullet range: 3150 m. Country of origin: Russia Magazine weight 0.23 kg. Combat rate of fire when firing in bursts when firing a single shot Up to 100 rounds per minute. Up to 40 rounds per minute. Rate of fire600, rounds/min. Combat properties of the Kalashnikov assault rifle
Procedure for cleaning the machine 1. Prepare materials for cleaning and lubrication: Gun lubricant Rags 2. Disassemble the machine. 3. Clean the bore and chamber from the receiver side. 4. Clean: Gas pipe Gas piston Bolt frame Wipe the remaining metal parts dry with a rag
Mikhail Timofeevich
Kalashnikov
Biography
The future designer was born in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory. He was the seventeenth child in a large peasant family, in which nineteen children were born and eight survived.
Father-Kalashnikov Timofey Alexandrovich (1883-1930).
Mother Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957).
In 1930, the family of Timofey Aleksandrovich Kalashnikov, recognized as kulak, was exiled from the Altai Territory to the Tomsk region, the village of Nizhnyaya Makhovaya.
Since childhood, Mikhail Timofeevich was interested in technology, studying with interest the structure and operating principles of various mechanisms.
At school I was interested in physics, geometry and literature.
In the fall of 1938, he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kiev Special Military District. After the course for junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in the 12th Tank Division in Stryi (Western Ukraine).
Already there he showed his inventive abilities - he developed an inertial counter for shots from a tank cannon, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in the tank turret, and a counter for the service life of a tank.
Great Fatherland
military war
He began the Great Patriotic War in August 1941 as a tank commander with the rank of senior sergeant, and in October he was seriously wounded near Bryansk. In the hospital, I really got excited about the idea of creating my own model of automatic weapons.
First sample
machine gun
In 1941, Mikhail Timofeevich created the first sample of a submachine gun
In 1944, he created a prototype of a self-loading carbine, which partially served as a prototype for the creation of an assault rifle.
creation of AKM
Since 1945, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov began developing automatic 7.62 mm weapons
Adoption
for service
In 1947, the Kalashnikov assault rifle won the competition and was put into service.
Awarding a doctorate
In 1971, based on the totality of research and design work and inventions, Kalashnikov was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. He is an academician of 16 different Russian and foreign academies. Has 35 copyright certificates for inventions.
Latest
years of life
In 2012, Mikhail Timofeevich’s health began to deteriorate due to his advanced age. In December he was hospitalized at the Republican Clinical Diagnostic Center (RCDC) of Udmurtia for a routine examination. By the beginning of the summer of 2013, the designer’s condition worsened again. In Moscow, Mikhail Timofeevich was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov died on December 23, 2013. Shortly before his death, he was transferred to intensive care with a diagnosis of stomach bleeding.
Mikhail Timofeevich was buried at the Federal War Memorial Cemetery.
Presentation prepared by:
teacher of 1st grade
Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 106" Saratov
Rodionova N.V.
2016 – 2017 academic year
Plan:
- Introduction
- 1 Biography
- 2 Family
- 3
Contribution to weapons development
- 3.1 Automata
- 3.2 Machine guns
- 3.3 Hunting rifles
- 4
Recognition and awards
- 4.1 Orders
- 4.2 Medals
- 4.3 Awards
- 4.4 Acknowledgments
- 4.5 Certificates
- 4.6 Other honors
- 5 Bibliography Notes
Introduction
Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov(born November 10, 1919, Kurya, Altai province) - an outstanding designer of small arms in the USSR and Russia, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1971), Lieutenant General (1999).
Twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Stalin and Lenin Prizes, Hero of the Russian Federation, holder of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, member of the Union of Writers of Russia. Member of the CPSU since 1952, deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR (1950-1954).
Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov is the only person awarded the title of Hero of Russia and twice the title of Hero of Socialist Labor at the same time.
1. Biography
Born in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory. He was the seventeenth child in a large peasant family, in which nineteen children were born and eight survived.
In 1930, the family of his father, Timofey Aleksandrovich Kalashnikov, recognized as a kulak, was exiled from the Altai Territory to the Tomsk region, the village of Nizhnyaya Mokhovaya. From childhood he was interested in technology, studying with interest the structure and principles of operation of various mechanisms. At school I was interested in physics, geometry and literature. After finishing the seventh grade, with the permission of his parents, he returned to Altai, to Kurya, but was unable to get a job. After studying there for another year, he decided to return to his mother and stepfather in Siberia, where, having corrected the date of birth in the documents, he received a passport. A few months later, after returning to Kurya again, he became acquainted with the design of a weapon for the first time, disassembling a Browning pistol with his own hands. At the age of 18, he left his native village and moved to Kazakhstan, where he began working as an accountant at the depot of the Matai station of the Turkestan-Siberian Railway. Communication with machinists, turners, and depot mechanics strengthened Mikhail’s interest in technology and aroused the desire to do something himself.
In the fall of 1938, he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kiev Special Military District. After the course for junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in a tank regiment in Stryi (Western Ukraine). Already there he showed his inventive abilities - he developed an inertial counter for shots from a tank cannon, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in the tank turret, and a counter for the service life of a tank. The last invention was quite significant, as evidenced by the fact that Kalashnikov was summoned to report about it to the commander of the Kyiv Special Military District, Army General Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. After a conversation with the commander, it is sent to the Kiev Tank Technical School for the production of prototypes, and after completion of the tests, to Moscow for comparative tests and then to the Leningrad Voroshilov Plant, for modification and launch into series.
He began the Great Patriotic War in August 1941 as a tank commander with the rank of senior sergeant, and was seriously wounded near Bryansk in October. In the hospital, I really got excited about the idea of creating my own model of automatic weapons. He began to make sketches and drawings, comparing and analyzing his own impressions of the battles, the opinions of his comrades in arms, and the contents of the books in the hospital library. The advice of one paratrooper lieutenant, who had worked at some research institute before the war and was well aware of small arms systems and the history of their creation, was also useful.
The first Kalashnikov submachine gun.
At the direction of the doctors, he was sent for further treatment on a six-month leave. Returning to Matai, with the help of depot specialists, three months later he created a prototype of his first model of a submachine gun. From Matai he was sent to Alma-Ata, where he produced a more advanced model in the training workshops of the Moscow Aviation Institute, which was evacuated to the capital of Kazakhstan. Later, the sample was presented to the head of the Military Engineering Academy named after. F. E. Dzerzhinsky to A. A. Blagonravov - an outstanding scientist in the field of small arms.
Although Blagonravov's review was generally negative, he noted the originality and interestingness of the development and recommended that Senior Sergeant Kalashnikov be sent for further training. Later, the Kalashnikov submachine gun was presented to the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army. Noting some shortcomings and a generally successful design, GAU specialists did not recommend adopting the Kalashnikov SMG for service for technological reasons. The conclusion read:
Since 1942, Kalashnikov has been working at the Central Small Arms Research Site (NIPSMVO) of the Main Artillery Directorate of the Red Army. Here, in 1944, he created a prototype of a self-loading carbine, which, although it did not go into production, partially served as a prototype for the creation of an assault rifle. Since 1945, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov began developing automatic weapons chambered for the 7.62×39 intermediate cartridge of the 1943 model. The Kalashnikov assault rifle won the 1947 competition and was adopted for service. During development, he meets his future wife, Ekaterina Moiseeva, a draftsman at the Degtyarev Design Bureau.
In 1948, on the orders of the Chief Marshal of Artillery N.N. Voronov, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was sent to the Izhevsk Motor Plant for his author’s participation in the creation of technical documentation and organization of the production of the first experimental batch of his AK-47 assault rifle. By May 20, 1949, the task was completed: 1,500 machine guns manufactured at the Motozavod successfully passed military tests and were adopted by the Soviet Army.
Subsequently, at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant, on the basis of the AK47 design, under the personal supervision of Kalashnikov, dozens of prototypes of automatic small arms were developed, but Kalashnikov himself, due to frequent visits to the shooting range and range shooting, received hearing impairment, which could not be restored later even with the help of modern medicine.
In 1971, based on the totality of research and design work and inventions, Kalashnikov was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. He is an academician of 16 different Russian and foreign academies.
In 1989, Mikhail Timofeevich decided to meet with Eugene Stoner, the creator of the main competitor of the AK, the M16 assault rifle. In the USA, Kalashnikov was greeted like a movie star, even though almost no one in the world knew his face. In 1969, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded the military rank of colonel, in 1994 the military rank of major general, and in 1999 the military rank of lieutenant general.
In an interview with the weekly “New Look” (2011), Nikas Safronov noted:
2. Family
Family of M. T. Kalashnikov:
- Father - Kalashnikov Timofey Alexandrovich (1883-1930).
- Mother - Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957).
- Wife - Kalashnikova Ekaterina Viktorovna (1921-1977) - design technician by profession.
- Son - Victor (1942).
- Daughters: Nellie (1942), Elena (1948) and the tragically deceased Natalya (1953-1983).
3. Contribution to weapons development
Designer Mikhail Kalashnikov (1949)
3.1. Slot machines
In the early 50s of the 20th century, lightweight AK and AKN assault rifles with a night vision device (7.62 mm) were created. In 1959, the AK 7.62 mm, AKM (modernized Kalashnikov Avtomat), AKMS, AKMSU with a folding stock and their modifications: AKMN, AKMSN with a night vision sight (7.62 mm) were adopted.
In the 70s, production began of a new set of 5.45 mm weapons designed by Kalashnikov: AK-74, AK74N with a night vision sight, AK-74 with a grenade launcher, AKS74 with a folding stock (adopted for service in 1974), AKS74U shortened with The folding stock is developed on the basis of the AKS74 (adopted into service in 1979), and its modifications with the AKS74UN night sight, AKS74UB with a silent firing device (SBS) and a silent under-barrel grenade launcher. In 1991, the AK74M 5.45 mm caliber and its modifications with optical and night sights (AK74MP, AK74MN) were put into service and into mass production. All Kalashnikov assault rifles can be equipped with knife bayonets, PBS and under-barrel grenade launchers.
In the 90s, the development of the new “hundredth” series of Kalashnikov assault rifles for the most common cartridges in the world (7.62x39 mm, 5.56x45 mm NATO, and Russian 5.45x39 mm) developed on the basis of the AK was carried out -74M: AK-101 (5.56 mm), AK-102 (5.56 mm), AK-103 (7.62 mm), AK-104 (7.62 mm), AK-105 (5.45 mm), as well as completely new AK-107 (5.45 mm) and AK-108 (5.56 mm), designed with a balanced automatic system, developed on the basis of the AK-74M and AK-101, respectively.
3.2. Machine guns
Since the mid-50s, development of machine guns was also carried out: in 1959 it was put into service Kalashnikov light machine gun(RPK), in 1963 - RPKS with a folding stock and with a night vision sight, later - RPK74 and RPKS74.
Also in service are Kalashnikov machine guns- PK (1961), PKS (1961), PKM (1969) PKMS - in the easel version, adopted for service in 1969, in 1962 the Kalashnikov tank machine gun (PKT) 7.62 mm was adopted for service - a tank machine gun and its modernized modification of PKMT, as well as armored personnel carrier machine gun PKB (7.62 mm) and PKMB.
In the 70s, production of a new set of weapons was launched: RPK74 (created on the basis of the AK74), RPKS74 with a folding stock, RPK74M and modifications with a night sight RPK74N. The development of 5.45 mm weapons turned out to be labor-intensive and technologically complex, however, mass production was established.
3.3. Hunting rifles
In the 70s, the first industrial batch of self-loading hunting carbines based on AKs was manufactured, but only with the beginning of conversion in the 80s did they return to the development of rifled and smooth-bore hunting weapons based on AKs.
In 1992, the production of the Saiga self-loading hunting carbine with an optical sight (7.62mm) was launched, then the Saiga 5.6, Saiga 5.6C carbines chambered for the 5.6x39 hunting cartridge, as well as the Saiga- 410", "Saiga-20" and others.
4. Recognition and awards
Lifetime monument to Mikhail Kalashnikov in Izhevsk.
Sculptor Vladimir Kurochkin
4.1. Orders
- 1949 - Order of the Red Star
- 1957 - Order of the Red Banner of Labor
- 1958, 1969, 1976 - Order of Lenin (three times)
- 1974 - Order of the October Revolution
- 1982 - Order of Friendship of Peoples
- 1985 - Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree
- 1994 - Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree - for outstanding achievements in the field of creating automatic small arms and significant contribution to the defense of the Fatherland
- 1998 - Order of St. Andrew the First-Called - for outstanding contribution to the defense of the Fatherland
- 1999 - Order of Honor, (Belarus) - for outstanding services in the development of unique types of small arms, great personal contribution to strengthening the defense potential of the Union of Belarus and Russia and in connection with the 80th anniversary
- 2003 - Order of Dostyk, 1st degree (Kazakhstan)
- 2004 - Order of Military Merit - for his great personal contribution to the development of new types of weapons and strengthening the country's defense capability
- 2005 - Order of the Ruby Cross (International Charitable Foundation “Patrons of the Century”).
- 2006 - Order of the Star of Carabobo (Venezuela)
- 2007 - Order of the Holy Blessed Grand Duke Dimitry Donskoy, II degree (ROC)
- 2009 - Order of Merit for the Altai Territory, 1st degree.
4.2. Medals
- 2009 - Gold Star Medal
- 1958, 1976 - Hammer and Sickle Medal (twice)
- Medal "For victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
- Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
- Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
- Jubilee medal "Thirty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
- Jubilee medal "Forty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
- Jubilee medal "50 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
- Zhukov Medal
- Medal "For Distinction in Protecting the State Border of the USSR"
- Medal "Veteran of Labor" on behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
- Jubilee medal "30 years of the Soviet Army and Navy"
- Anniversary medal "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
- Anniversary medal "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
- Anniversary medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
- Jubilee medal "70 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
- Medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow"
- 2007 - Medal “Symbol of Science”
- Gold medal named after V. G. Shukhov
- Medal "For outstanding contribution to the development of collecting business in Russia"
4.3. Awards
- 1948 - Stalin Prize
- 1949 - Stalin Prize
- 1964 - Lenin Prize
- 1997 - State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of design
- 2003 - Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education
- 2009 - Laureate of the All-Russian Literary Prize named after A.V. Suvorov.
4.4. Acknowledgments
- 1997 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation
- 1999 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation
- 2002 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation
- 2007 - Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation
4.5. Certificates
- 1997 - Certificate of Honor from the Government of the Russian Federation
- 1999 - Certificate of Honor from the Government of the Russian Federation
- 2004 - “Honorary Engineer of Kazakhstan” (Kazakhstan)
4.6. Other honors
- 1980 - in the homeland of M. T. Kalashnikov in the village of Kurye, a lifetime bronze bust was erected to him.
- 1997 - Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded the title “Honorary Citizen of the Altai Territory.”
- 1997 - the award of the Ministry of Economy of Russia was established - the Badge “Small Arms Designer M. T. Kalashnikov”
- 1999 - The Union of Scientific and Engineering Organizations and the Government of Udmurtia established the M. T. Kalashnikov Prize
- 1999 - the Alrosa diamond company assigned the name “Constructor Mikhail Kalashnikov” to a jewelry diamond weighing 50.74 carats mined on December 29, 1995 (size 14.5x15.0x15.5 mm, Stones Black quality)
- 2002 - The cadet school in Votkinsk was named after M. T. Kalashnikov
- 2002 - a prize named after him was established at the School of Weaponry in Izhevsk
- 2004 - The State Cultural Institution “Museum of M. T. Kalashnikov” was opened in Izhevsk
- 2009 - Mikhail Kalashnikov received as a gift from President Hugo Chavez the highest award of the republic - a copy of the famous Simon Bolivar sword, which is a relic of Venezuela and the presentation of a copy is equivalent to the country's highest award.
- The name of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov was awarded to the audience at the military department of the Mining Institute of St. Petersburg.
5. Bibliography
- Kalashnikov M.T. Notes of a gunsmith designer. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1992. - 304 p. - ISBN 5-203-01290-3
- Kalashnikov M.T. From someone else's threshold to the Spassky Gate / author. literature Records of Nemchenko G. L.; total ed. Nedelin A.V. - M.: Military Parade, 1997. - 496 p.
- Kalashnikov M.T. I walked the same road with you: Memoirs. / ed. advice: I. Krasnovsky [and others]. - M.: House “All Russia”, 1999. - 239 p.
- Kalashnikov M.T. Kalashnikov: trajectory of fate / comp., prepared. Texts, ill. N. Shklyaeva. - M.: House “All Russia”, 2004. - P. 639.
- Kalashnikov M.T. In the whirlwind of my life. - 2008.
- Kalashnikov M.T. Everything you need is simple. - 2009.
Notes
- Kalashnikov on the website biograph.ru - www.biograph.ru/bank/kalashnikov.htm
- 1 2 Gennady KASHUBA With the blessing of Georgy ZHUKOV - www.redstar.ru/2009/11/03_11/1_13.html. Red Star (11/3/2009).
- Fedorov V. G. The evolution of small arms - agronka.ru/. - M.: State Military Publishing House of the Narkozhat of Defense of the USSR, 1938. - 317 p.
- A. A. Buldakova Life and work of the designer - www.slaviza.ru/texts/100-103.pdf (pdf). almanac “Business Glory of Russia”. Publishing house "Slavitsa".
- 1 2 3 Rasim Poloskin Kalashnikov. Man and Automaton - www.1tv.ru/documentary/fi=6287&fd=201008131050#. Channel One (2009). - documentary.
- Georgy Alexandrov Mikhail Kalashnikov: “Everything you need is simple” - www.aif.ru/society/article/30717. AIF No. 46 dated November 11, 09. 1997–2009 JSC “Arguments and Facts” (11/10/2009).
- The distinguished guests shot at Kalashnikovs - www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=230252
- 80th anniversary of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov - www.sinopa.ee/kalashnikov/knovosti/knovosti2000/knovosti01/k0100n.htm
- Publishing House "New Look" » Nikas Safronov: Times do not choose: - www.newlookmedia.ru/?p=14537
- Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeevich - megasword.ru/index.php?pg=1010
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 EAT. Ushakova“I work by calling” Documents from the Central Children's Research Institute of the Udmurt Republic for the biography of M.T. Kalashnikov - www.rusarchives.ru/publication/kalashnikov.shtml. scientific and practical journal "Domestic Archives" No. 1. "Archives of Russia" (2004).
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 30, 1982
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 5, 1994 No. 2061 “On awarding the Order of Merit to the Fatherland, II degree, to M. T. Kalashnikov.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=081941
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 7, 1998 No. 1202 “On awarding the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called Kalashnikov M. T.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=073529
- Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus of November 24, 1999 No. 688 - press.bymedia.net/?mod=p_ind&NPID=45&No=281&Date=11/25/1999
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 2, 2004 No. 1389 “On awarding the Order of Military Merit to M. T. Kalashnikov.” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=024791
- To the public award - with respect! - www.mecenat100.ru/category.php?id=351
- His Holiness Patriarch Alexy celebrated the Divine Liturgy in the restored St. Michael’s Cathedral in Izhevsk - www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/276886.html
- Mikhail Kalashnikov will receive the Order of Merit for the Altai Territory - www.udmpravda.ru/default/news?news=1237819716
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 10, 2009 No. 1258 “On awarding the title of Hero of the Russian Federation to M. T. Kalashnikov” - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=055281
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 16, 1976
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 25, 1975
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 12, 1985
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 9, 1994
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 7, 1993
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 13, 1950
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of January 31, 1980
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 22, 1948
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 18, 1957
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 26, 1967
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 28, 1978
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 24, 1988
- Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1947
- Medal “For outstanding contribution to the development of collecting in Russia” - www.simvolika.org/nagradi005.htm. ROO "Academy of Russian Symbols "Mars"". - Official site.
- Regulations on the competition for the Gold Medal named after V.G. Shukhova. Information about the Laureates. - www.rusea.h11.ru/1.html. Russian Union of Scientific and Engineering Public Associations (1990).
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated June 6, 1998 No. 657 - en.wikisource.org/wiki/ru: Decree_of the President_of the Russian Federation_dated_6.06.1998_No_657
- Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1178 of October 5, 2003 - ns.informika.ru/text/new/ukaz1178.html
- Suvorov award to a fellow countryman - pravdapskov.ru/news/1709.html
- Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated October 30, 1997 No. 445-rp “On encouraging Kalashnikov M.T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/848/423868.html
- Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 3, 1999 No. 420-rp “On encouraging Kalashnikov M. T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/848/423684.html
- Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 21, 2002 561-rp “On encouraging Kalashnikov M.T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/846/422527.html
- Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated September 1, 2007 No. 473-rp - document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=41360
- Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 15, 1997 No. 1479-r “On awarding the Certificate of Honor of the Government of the Russian Federation and a memorable gift to Kalashnikov M. T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/811/405268.html
- Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 10, 1999 No. 1826-r “On awarding the Certificate of Honor of the Government of the Russian Federation to Kalashnikov M. T.” - www.pravoteka.ru/pst/804/401972.html
- Kalashnikov became an honorary engineer of Kazakhstan - www.dayudm.ru/lenta.php?id=9640
- Hugo Chavez gave Kalashnikov the highest award of Venezuela - news.km.ru/ugo_chaves_peredal_kalashnikovu_
This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/09/11 14:56:46
Similar abstracts: Kalashnikov Ivan Timofeevich,
The pride of Russia is Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov.
Dmitrieva N.L., teacher of Russian language and literature. MCOU "Yeltsovskaya Secondary School".
There are many famous names in Russian history. M.T. Kalashnikov is a name that belongs to history.
In terms of its fame, it rightly ranks one
from the first places
among the outstanding names of the 20th century.
(1919 - 2013)
The future designer was born into an ordinary peasant family. He was the 17th child. In 1930, when Mikhail’s father was recognized as a kulak, the Kalashnikovs were exiled to the Tomsk region. Even as a child, young Kalashnikov was interested in technology, exploring the structure of various mechanisms. In addition, he was interested in geometry and physics. It is worth noting that the teachers of the future designer were exiled political settlers, most of whom had a university education. At the end of the 7th grade, Mikhail decided to return to Altai. Already in his native Kurye, he begins to get acquainted with the design of weapons, having personally disassembled a Browning pistol. At the age of 18, Mikhail leaves his native village and moves to Kazakhstan. Here he became an accountant at the railway depot.
Father - Kalashnikov Timofey Alexandrovich (1883-1930).
Mother - Kalashnikova Alexandra Frolovna (1884-1957).
1938 - Kalashnikov is drafted into the army. Here he becomes a tank driver. Mikhail Kalashnikov served in the 12th Tank Division, which was located in Stryi (Ukraine).
Even then, he showed his design abilities, developing a counter for shots from a tank gun, a counter for the service life of a tank, and an adaptation for a TT pistol. Kalashnikov gave a report on his inventions to General Georgy Zhukov. Later, the designer noted that if it had not been for the war, he might not have become an inventor.
The first Kalashnikov submachine gun.
1941 - Kalashnikov, with the rank of senior sergeant, becomes a tank commander. But soon he was seriously wounded. While in the hospital, I decided to create my own model of automatic weapons. Making sketches and drawings, Mikhail Timofeevich analyzed his own impressions and opinions of his comrades in arms, as well as information from books in the local library.
In 1945, M. T. Kalashnikov took part in a competition to develop an assault rifle chambered for the 1943 model. Based on the results of competitive tests in 1947, the AK-47 assault rifle was recommended for adoption by the Soviet Army. In 1948, the young designer was sent to the Izhevsk Motor Plant, where a pilot batch of an assault rifle was being manufactured for military testing. In September 1949, it moved to the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant for serial production of the AK-47 assault rifle.
Tankers
He is a member of the Russian Writers' Union.
Let's sing about heroism and strength,
About the tanks of the Soviet country,
As a child, Mikhail dreamed of becoming a poet. His pre-war poems were published in the newspaper "Red Army".
They were bravely led into battle
Sons of the Great Fatherland.
One of the first poems by Mikhail Kalashnikov.
Enemies have experienced
In 1940, it won a creative competition for young army writers.
The assertiveness of our armor,
It became an epic folk tale
Have wonderful days of hiking.
We walked through fog and ambushes,
And the armor thundered menacingly.
Swept away enemies without mercy
A mighty avalanche of fire.
No wonder everything is louder and more beautiful
Great Free People
Sings about our drivers,
He sings about Soviet tanks.
Legendary Russian gunsmith Mikhail Kalashnikov says that all his life he has been inventing weapons for protection, not for killing: “I sleep peacefully because I have always created weapons for protection. It is the politicians who cannot agree and use them for murder.”
The museum has Mikhail Timofeevich's apartment.
Reconstructed Kalashnikov workplace.
In 2004, the Museum and Exhibition Complex named after. M.T. Kalashnikov in the city of Izhevsk.
In 1980, a bronze monument was erected in the designer’s native village with the inscription on the pedestal:
"Hero
Socialist Labor KALASHNIKOV MIKHAIL TIMOFEEVICH
for outstanding services
in the creation of new technology, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 15, 1976, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal “Hammer and Sickle”.
On November 15, 2013, in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory, the opening of the Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov Museum took place, dedicated to his 94th birthday.
The museum is located in the building of the parish school, where Mikhail Kalashnikov once studied. The builders preserved the historical appearance of the building, carved frames on the windows, and ancient stoves.
The museum exhibition consists of 3 main sections, introducing visitors to different periods of the life of the outstanding weapons designer.
Chapter " Guy from Altai" dedicated to the period of life of Mikhail Kalashnikov in the village of Kurye in Altai. The museum's exposition creates an image of Kurya in the first third of the twentieth century; copies of archival documents tell about the life of the family.
"Automatic Man"- the name of the second section of the exhibition, which traces the life path of Mikhail Timofeevich: military service, participation in the battles of the Great Patriotic War, the creation of an assault rifle, the development of a small arms complex.
This section of the exhibition ends with an arsenal - a set of small arms developed by Mikhail Kalashnikov.
Model of the MMG AK 74 assault rifle - a gift to the museum
from M.T. Kalashnikov.
The third section of the exhibition "Legendary person" shows Mikhail Timofeevich not only as a world-famous outstanding designer of small arms, but also as a person whose name is associated with endless love for the Motherland, with the desire to ensure its security.
Interesting Facts
In some African countries, newborns are given the name Kalash - in honor of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.
Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein owned a gold-plated AK of a modified design.
In 2008, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation issued coins with the image of a Kalashnikov assault rifle in honor of the 450th anniversary of Udmurtia joining Russia.
The Kalashnikov assault rifle is used in the coats of arms and flags of some countries:
Flag of Mozambique
Coat of arms of Mozambique
Coat of arms of Zimbabwe
Coat of arms of Burkina Faso
in 1984-1997
“My mental pain is unbearable, one and the same unanswerable question: if my machine gun took people’s lives, then I, Mikhailo Kalashnikov, ninety-three years old, the son of a peasant woman, a Christian and Orthodox by my faith, am guilty of the death of people, let even an enemy?
“Yes, the number of churches and monasteries on our land is increasing, but evil still does not decrease!.. Good and evil live, coexist, fight and, worst of all, reconcile with each other in the souls of people - this is what I came to at sunset of your earthly life. It turns out to be some kind of perpetual motion machine, which I so wanted to invent in my youth. Light and shadow, good and evil - two opposites of one whole, unable to exist without each other? And did the Almighty really arrange everything this way? And will humanity vegetate forever in this ratio?”
Mikhail Timofeevich wrote a letter of repentance to Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Rus' six months before his death.
In it, he shares his mental anguish and doubts about responsibility for the deaths of many people who were killed with a machine gun created by his hands.
Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov
Buried at Federal Military
memorial cemetery.
Born in the village of Kurya, Altai Territory. He was the seventeenth child in a large peasant family, in which eighteen children were born and eight survived. In 1930, the family of his father, Timofey Aleksandrovich Kalashnikov, recognized as a kulak, was exiled from the Altai Territory to the Tomsk Region, the village of Nizhnyaya Mokhovaya (now Bakcharsky District, near the village of Parbig). From childhood he was interested in technology, studying with interest the structure and principles of operation of various mechanisms. At school I was interested in physics, geometry and literature. After finishing the seventh grade, with the permission of his parents, he returned to Altai, to Kurya, but was unable to get a job. After studying there for another year, I decided to return to my mother and stepfather, where, after correcting the date of birth in the documents, I received a passport. A few months later, after returning to Kurya again, he became acquainted with the design of a weapon for the first time, disassembling a Browning pistol with his own hands. At the age of 18, he left his native village and moved to Kazakhstan, where he began working as an accountant at the depot of the Matai station of the Turkestan-Siberian Railway. Communication with machinists, turners, and depot mechanics strengthened Mikhail’s interest in technology and aroused the desire to do something himself. In the fall of 1938, he was drafted into the Red Army in the Kiev Special Military District. After the course for junior commanders, he received the specialty of a tank driver and served in the 12th Tank Division in Stryi (Western Ukraine). Already there he showed his inventive abilities - he developed an inertial counter for shots from a tank cannon, an adaptation for a TT pistol to increase the efficiency of firing through slots in the tank turret, and a counter for the service life of a tank. A tank metering device was the first invention of the young tankman Kalashnikov, recommended for mass production back in 1940, but they did not have time to organize it. The last invention was quite significant, as evidenced by the fact that Kalashnikov was summoned to report about it to the commander of the Kyiv Special Military District, Army General Georgy Zhukov. After a conversation with the commander, it is sent to the Kiev Tank Technical School for the production of prototypes, and after completion of the tests, to Moscow for comparative tests and then to the Leningrad Voroshilov Plant, for modification and launch into series.
Loading...
