The authorities of Ecuador have deprived Julian Assange of asylum in the London embassy. The founder of WikiLeaks is detained by the British police, and this has already been called the biggest betrayal in the history of Ecuador. Why is Assange being avenged and what awaits him?
Julian Assange, a programmer and journalist from Australia, became widely known after the WikiLeaks website he founded published secret documents from the US State Department, as well as materials related to military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2010.
But it was quite difficult to find out who the policemen, supporting by the arms, were taking out of the building. Assange grew a beard and did not look at all like the energetic man that he had so far presented in photographs.
According to Ecuadorian President Lenin Moreno, Assange's asylum was denied because of his repeated violations of international conventions.
He is expected to remain at a police station in central London until he appears before Westminster Magistrates' Court.
Why the President of Ecuador is accused of betrayal
Former President of Ecuador Rafael Correa called the decision of the current government the biggest betrayal in the history of the country. "What he (Moreno. - Approx. ed.) did is a crime that humanity will never forget," Correa said.
London, on the contrary, thanked Moreno. The British Foreign Office believes that justice has prevailed. The representative of the Russian diplomatic department, Maria Zakharova, has a different opinion. "The hand of 'democracy' is squeezing the throat of freedom," she said. The Kremlin expressed the hope that the rights of the arrested person would be respected.
Ecuador harbored Assange because the former president was center-left, critical of U.S. policy, and welcomed WikiLeaks' release of classified documents on the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Even before the Internet activist needed asylum, he managed to get to know Correa personally: he interviewed him for the Russia Today channel.
However, in 2017, the government in Ecuador changed, the country headed for rapprochement with the United States. The new president called Assange "a stone in the shoe" and immediately made it clear that his stay on the territory of the embassy would not be delayed.
According to Correa, the moment of truth came at the end of June last year, when US Vice President Michael Pence arrived in Ecuador on a visit. Then everything was decided. “You can be sure: Lenin is just a hypocrite. He has already agreed with the Americans about the fate of Assange. And now he is trying to make us swallow the pill, saying that Ecuador allegedly continues the dialogue,” Correa said in an interview with Russia Today.
How Assange made new enemies
The day before his arrest, WikiLeaks editor-in-chief Kristin Hrafnsson said that Assange was under total surveillance. "WikiLeaks uncovered a massive spy operation against Julian Assange at the Ecuadorian embassy," he said. According to him, cameras and voice recorders were placed around Assange, and the information received was transmitted to the administration of Donald Trump.
Hrafnsson specified that Assange was going to be expelled from the embassy a week earlier. This did not happen only because WikiLeaks made this information public. A high-ranking source told the portal about the plans of the Ecuadorian authorities, but the head of the Ecuadorian Foreign Ministry, Jose Valencia, denied the rumors.
Assange's expulsion was preceded by a corruption scandal involving Moreno. In February, WikiLeaks published the INA Papers package, which traced the operations of the offshore company INA Investment, founded by the brother of the Ecuadorian leader. In Quito, they said that this was a plot by Assange with Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro and former head of Ecuador Rafael Correa to overthrow Moreno.
In early April, Moreno complained about Assange's behavior in Ecuador's London mission. “We have to protect the life of Mr. Assange, but he has already crossed all the lines in terms of violating the agreement that we came to with him,” the president said. “This does not mean that he cannot speak freely, but he cannot lie and hack ". At the same time, back in February last year, it became known that Assange at the embassy was deprived of the opportunity to interact with the outside world, in particular, he was turned off access to the Internet.
Why Sweden stopped persecuting Assange
At the end of last year, Western media, citing sources, reported that Assange would be charged in the United States. This was never officially confirmed, but it was precisely because of Washington's position that Assange had to take refuge in the Ecuadorian embassy six years ago.
Sweden, in May 2017, stopped investigating two cases of rape in which the founder of the portal was accused. Assange demanded compensation from the country's government for legal costs in the amount of 900,000 euros.
Earlier, in 2015, Swedish prosecutors also dropped three charges against him due to the statute of limitations.
Where did the rape investigation lead?
Assange arrived in Sweden in the summer of 2010, hoping to get protection from US authorities. But he was under investigation for rape. In November 2010, a warrant for his arrest was issued in Stockholm, and Assange was put on the international wanted list. He was detained in London, but was soon released on bail of 240 thousand pounds.
In February 2011, a British court ruled to extradite Assange to Sweden, followed by a series of successful appeals for the founder of WikiLeaks.
The British authorities placed him under house arrest before deciding to extradite him to Sweden. Breaking his promise to the authorities, Assange asked for asylum in the Ecuadorian embassy, which was granted to him. Since then, the UK has had its own grievances against the founder of WikiLeaks.
What's next for Assange?
The man was re-arrested following a U.S. extradition request for publishing classified documents, police said. At the same time, Deputy Foreign Minister Alan Duncan said that Assange would not be sent to the United States if he faced the death penalty there.
In the UK, Assange is likely to appear in court on the afternoon of 11 April. This is stated on the WikiLeaks Twitter page. It is likely that the British authorities will seek a maximum sentence of 12 months, the man's mother said, citing his lawyer.
At the same time, the Swedish prosecutor's office is considering reopening the investigation into the rape allegation. Lawyer Elizabeth Massey Fritz, who represented the interests of the victim, will seek this.
In addition, there is such a criterion as the number of offenses related to the illegal production and trafficking of ethyl alcohol and alcoholic products.
According to Sober Russia, the sobriety rating of the regions-2016 was prepared in order to provide society, state authorities and local governments with an objective picture of the level of consumption of alcoholic beverages and its consequences.
The objective of the study is to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of state policy to reduce the scale of alcohol abuse and the prevention of alcoholism among the population of the Russian Federation, the effectiveness of the regulation of the alcohol market.
Ten most sober regions of Russia:
2. Ingushetia.
3. Dagestan.
4. Karachay-Cherkessia.
5. Kabardino-Balkaria.
6. Kalmykia.
7. Stavropol Territory.
8. Belgorod region.
9. North Ossetia.
10. Rostov region.
Among the most drinking regions were the following:
1. Magadan region.
2. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
4. Amur region.
5. Perm region.
6. Buryatia.
7. Sakhalin region.
8. Nizhny Novgorod region.
9. Kamchatka Territory.
10. Kirov region.
In addition, it is important to note that in some regions the situation has improved dramatically compared to 2015. In some regions, it has worsened.
Below are the top 6 regions that are the most climbed up the rankings comparing with the previous year:
1. Tuva: +41.
2. Chuvashia: +40.
3. Yakutia: +37.
4. Mari El: +30.
5. Tambov region: +28.
6. Jewish Autonomous Region: +27.
And in these regions the situation worsened, which led to a decrease in the rating:
1. Krasnodar Territory: -59.
2. Nizhny Novgorod region: -45.
3. Moscow region: -39.
4. Kemerovo region: -34.
5. St. Petersburg: -25.
Natalya Milchakova, Alpari's Deputy Director of Research, believes that, " Given the widespread presence of Islam in these(North Caucasian - ed.) republics, it is not surprising that alcohol consumption in these subjects of the Russian Federation is extremely low".
This principle does not take into account at all what percentage of the population of the region is prone to excessive consumption of alcohol and alcoholism, passing from the stage of abuse to the stage of the disease, which sometimes turns out to be fatal.
In addition, ratings of alcohol consumption per capita, which are compiled by international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), are compiled most often on the basis of official alcohol sales, and the shadow turnover, especially the sale of counterfeit and counterfeit alcohol, is ignored.
It takes into account only the volume of the market in monetary terms (and Russia has one of the largest markets for consumer goods in the world, and the alcohol market is only one of the segments of such a market) or national characteristics of alcohol consumption (for example, the Czech Republic is the world leader in beer consumption, but the number of deaths from alcohol dependence in this country is very low - the abuse of alcoholic beverages is not common there).
The further south or west a Russian region is located, the less alcohol is consumed in it, and primarily strong alcohol (vodka, cognac, and other strong drinks).
This explains the presence in the ten most "sober" regions of the country of those subjects of the federation that are located in the south of the country.
As a rule, the maximum consumption of vodka and other strong alcoholic beverages is observed in countries and geographic regions with a "northern" type of consumption.
Finland and Norway are fairly "drinking" countries where vodka consumption is fairly widespread, while southern European countries are more likely to drink wine, and Western and Central Europe are more likely to drink beer.
Therefore, in the southern regions of Russia, as well as in the center, including in the two capitals, the type of alcohol consumption can be attributed to the Central European. People prefer moderate consumption of less strong alcoholic beverages than vodka.
But in the east, especially in the Far East, and in the north of the country, the situation is qualitatively different, where a low standard of living is superimposed on the "northern" type of consumption. To put it simply, in these regions it is still customary to “fill up” the crisis with vodka, and the opportunities for more civilized recreation in these regions are very small. Thus, the eastern regions of Russia will begin to "sober up" in parallel with the improvement of living standards in these regions.
Most likely, this process will eventually become irreversible, as the propensity to consume strong alcohol in Russia as a whole has decreased as the economy has stabilized.
- volume of sales of alcohol (vodka, beer, wine, champagne, cognac, liquor, mead, etc.);
- the number of offenses related to the illegal manufacture of alcoholic beverages;
- the level of crime, which is based on the abuse of the "green snake";
- the number of patients with alcoholism;
- mortality from alcohol consumption.
According to the results of 2018, the experts of the state project "Sober Russia" identified the "leaders" among all Russian regions, where sobriety, unfortunately, has not become the norm.
1. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (48.14 points)
The level of alcoholism in Chukotka is called simply "monstrous". Despite a number of measures taken by the local authorities, the situation has only been worsening for many years now. At the regional level, the system for issuing licenses for the sale of alcoholic beverages is being improved, the strictest regulation of the sale of alcohol is being introduced, and special departments have been created that are required to identify all illegal outlets. The fine for the illegal sale of "liquid currency" is up to 200 thousand rubles, and the deprivation of a license may also entail criminal liability.
2. Magadan region (46.98 points)
The Magadan region, which is part of the Far Eastern Federal District, ranked second among the most drinking regions of Russia. Alcoholism here has acquired catastrophic proportions and has become the most acute of all social problems. Due to the abuse of alcohol, demographic, spiritual, moral, cultural and economic indicators have sharply decreased in the region, and addiction to strong drinks has acquired the scale of a national disaster. The number of people in Magadan who turn to a narcologist has exceeded all possible norms, and the criminogenic situation has worsened mainly due to those who committed crimes while intoxicated.
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3. Nenets Autonomous Okrug (46.85 points)
is part of the Northwestern Federal District and closes the top three of our anti-rating. Despite the fact that this subject is the most sparsely populated among other subjects of the Russian Federation, the rates of drinking alcoholic products here are almost off scale. Here, each inhabitant accounts for more than 25 liters of strong alcohol per year, which is almost 10 liters more than the average in other regions of the country.
4. Sakhalin region (45.88 points)
Such high rates of alcohol consumption in the region are explained by disorder, lack of culture, lack of social stability and low living standards. Of the 15,000 officially registered alcoholics, 1/3 are women, about 500,000 are children and adolescents, among whom beer is the most frequently consumed drink. The presence of private sellers of flammable liquids leads to the fact that you can buy alcoholic beverages of dubious quality at any time of the day or night.
5. Republic of Komi (45.46 points)
A few years ago in the Republic of Komi, at the regional level, the "Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Alcoholism" was approved. The concept was designed for various procedures that were to be carried out in the period from 2015 to 2017. But the ongoing numerous deaths, low-quality alcoholic beverages, mass poisoning, a huge number of people registered with a narcologist, and alcohol-related crimes that have become more frequent do not bode well for the region.
6. Republic of Karelia (44.71 points)
The alcohol consumption situation in Karelia is getting out of control, doctors and narcologists are sounding the alarm, but the situation has not improved significantly yet. It is also bad that of all those who are registered, one third are the fair sex, and almost 50% of chronic alcoholics are people aged 20 to 40 years. Alcohol poisoning from low-quality products is another scourge of Karelia, on average, about 120 people die here every year. The increase in indicators is 5-6% per year, and these data relate to the average per capita consumption of alcohol-containing products and the level of alcohol sales.
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7. Kamchatka Territory (43.20 points)
In Kamchatka, drunk driving has become the most central problem, and drunk drivers are not only civilians, but officials and even employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. There are also very high rates of crimes committed under the influence of alcohol. Murders, robberies, robberies and assaults are only a small part of those offenses that are typical for drunken residents of Kamchatka. Flash mobs in support of a healthy lifestyle are regularly held in the region, and a decision was made to fine their parents for alcohol abuse by teenagers.
8. Amur region (42.81 points)
All possible social problems associated with alcohol abuse in the Amur region have a place to be. For example, in Blagoveshchensk, with a population of only 220 thousand people, there were more than 1,000 stalls and pavilions where you could buy strong drinks. It cannot be said that local leaders are not doing anything to stabilize the situation, but such actions do not bring the desired result. The rules for the sale of alcohol have been tightened in every possible way, control purchases are constantly carried out in stores and outlets, and explanatory work is carried out among the younger generation, but it is still too early to say that the situation is drastically improving.
9. Perm region (44.55 points)
The Perm Territory belongs to one of the most unfavorable regions in terms of the number of alcoholic psychoses and adolescent alcoholism. There are more than 11 liters of vodka and 97 liters of beer per person here per year. This led to a huge number of people registered with a narcologist - about 60 thousand were diagnosed with chronic alcoholism. More than half a thousand people die every year from alcohol poisoning, with 1/6 of them being children. According to surveys, more than 56% of boys and 72% of girls start drinking hard liquor at the age of 14. The number of crimes committed while intoxicated is about 10 thousand per year, and such sad figures continue to grow.
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10. Republic of Buryatia (44.35 points)
According to statistics, every hundredth Buryat suffers from chronic alcoholism, and every year several thousand people die from various causes associated with drinking alcohol-containing products. A difficult situation has developed with children's alcoholism - you can see a tipsy child on the street everywhere, and teachers explain this by the lack of institutions where young people could spend their leisure time. Despite the strictest checks, hard liquor can be purchased at any time, and the low temperatures in the region mean that frostbite and even death have become frequent after alcohol abuse.
09:17 — REGNUM The first three lines of the "National sobriety rating" in the regions of Russia were occupied by Chechnya, Ingushetia and Dagestan. The fourth position in the ranking was occupied by Moscow, the fifth - by St. Petersburg. These are the data of a study conducted within the framework of the Sober Russia project by the Rating Information Communications Center.
In the first group of the National Sobriety Ranking included the 20 most “sober regions” with less than 130 points, where alcohol consumption, alcohol mortality and crime, as well as sales of vodka and beer are the lowest in the country. In addition, according to experts, anti-alcohol legislation works effectively in these regions.
Chechen Republic | ||
The Republic of Ingushetia | ||
The Republic of Dagestan | ||
Moscow city | ||
Saint Petersburg | ||
Rostov region | ||
Sevastopol | ||
Kabardino-Balkarian Republic | ||
Volgograd region | ||
Krasnodar region | ||
Republic of North Ossetia-Alania | ||
Stavropol region | ||
Belgorod region | ||
Republic of Kalmykia | ||
Republic of Crimea | ||
Republic of Tatarstan | ||
Moscow region | ||
Tomsk region | ||
Republic of Bashkiria | ||
Sverdlovsk region |
In the second group of rating combined regions that scored from 130 to 250 points. Here, the anti-alcohol campaign cannot be called successful, and the negative consequences of excessive alcohol consumption are quite pronounced, which already threatens the health and safety of citizens.
Saratov region | ||
Orenburg region | ||
Novosibirsk region | ||
Samara Region | ||
Karachay-Cherkess Republic | ||
Penza region | ||
Astrakhan region | ||
Kemerovo | ||
Omsk region | ||
Krasnoyarsk region | ||
Ryazan Oblast | ||
Nizhny Novgorod Region | ||
Tyumen region | ||
Voronezh region | ||
Kursk region | ||
The Republic of Mordovia | ||
Chelyabinsk region | ||
Oryol Region | ||
Kaluga region | ||
Murmansk region | ||
Republic of Adygea | ||
Leningrad region | ||
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra | ||
Kaliningrad region | ||
Lipetsk region | ||
Smolensk region | ||
Irkutsk region | ||
Pskov region | ||
Ulyanovsk region | ||
Tambov Region | ||
Altai region | ||
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | ||
Udmurt republic | ||
Yaroslavl region | ||
The Republic of Buryatia | ||
Vladimir region | ||
Primorsky Krai | ||
Kurgan region | ||
Amurskaya Oblast | ||
Tula region | ||
Bryansk region | ||
Arhangelsk region | ||
Tver region |
Third group of rating consists of the least prosperous subjects of the Russian Federation. These regions scored the maximum number of points - from 250 to 315.5, which demonstrates the high mortality, morbidity and crime associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages, as well as the maximum volume of alcohol sales.
Perm region | ||
Kirov region | ||
Ivanovo region | ||
Republic of Karelia | ||
The Republic of Khakassia | ||
Khabarovsk region | ||
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | ||
Vologodskaya Oblast | ||
Chuvash Republic | ||
Altai Republic | ||
Komi Republic | ||
Zabaykalsky Krai | ||
Republic of Tuva | ||
Kostroma region | ||
Mari El Republic | ||
Sakhalin region | ||
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | ||
Novgorod region | ||
Kamchatka Krai | ||
Magadan Region | ||
Nenets Autonomous Okrug | ||
Jewish Autonomous Region |
When preparing the rating, the compilers took into account six indicators: the number of patients with alcoholism and alcoholic psychoses, the strength of anti-alcohol legislation, sales of vodka, sales of beer, deaths from alcohol poisoning and crimes committed while intoxicated. Each region of Russia could score from zero to 600 points - up to 100 for each indicator.
As reported IA REGNUM According to Rospotrebnadzor, about 3 million people die every year due to alcohol abuse in the world, of which about half a million are in Russia. Recently, there has been an increase in the consumption of beer and low-alcohol drinks among adolescents and women of childbearing age.
Recall that the federal project "Sober Russia" began work in 2012. The main mission of the project is to consolidate all reasonable forces of society including the state, business, public organizations, religious associations and all responsible political parties to create an effective system aimed at protecting Russian citizens from alcohol and drugs.
Since ancient times, people have been engaged in practices that allow you to change the state of consciousness. One such practice is alcohol consumption. It is not difficult to imagine the rationale for the very first experience with alcohol - curiosity. Perhaps one of our ancestors ate a fermented fruit and felt a pleasant sensation that piqued his curiosity. Curiosity is still a common reason to try alcohol these days.
The Sober Russia organization and the Expert and Analytical Center at the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation have identified the most curious ... that is, the most drinking regions of Russia. It turned out that the inhabitants of Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria are the least susceptible to the charms of the green serpent. According to Natalia Milchakova, deputy director of the analytical department of Alpari, low alcohol consumption in the North Caucasian republics is explained by the wide spread of Islam.
And most of all they like to "lay behind the collar" in the Magadan region, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Komi, Amur and Perm regions.
Sobriety rating of subjects of Russia 2016
In comparison with the staff of "Sober Russia" significantly expanded the number of criteria by which the rating was prepared. The criteria included:
- the number of deaths from alcohol poisoning;
- the number of alcoholics;
- the number of crimes committed by drunken persons.
Last year, when the sobriety top was created for the first time, the compilers took into account only the volume of sales of vodka and beer. And in 2016, cognac products, champagne, wines, mead, liquor and other alcohol-containing drinks were added to their number.
Readers may ask a reasonable question: who and why do you need a rating of the most sober and most drinking regions of the Russian Federation? There are three reasons for this.
- The researchers were faced with the task of contributing to a more effective implementation of state policy to reduce the scale of alcohol abuse and the prevention of alcoholism among Russians.
- Also, the rating can help more effective regulation of the alcohol market.
- The rating will be useful in evaluating the activities of the heads of regions. According to the head of Sober Russia, Sultan Khamzaev, the list can help to find out how successfully officials are working to improve the health of citizens and the social climate of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
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