All Molosser breeds. Dog breeds are the result of purposeful human work. Molosser Character Traits

Group 2 / Section 2

Aidi / Atlas Shepherd

• RN IFF - 247.
• Height at withers: 52-66 cm. Weight: 25-30 kg.
• Color: white, sometimes can be black, black and white, tan or red.
• Homeland: Morocco.
• Aidi are fully adapted to all conditions, the thick coat perfectly protects the dog from the heat and sand in the desert, and in the mountains, the coat is an excellent protection from the cold. Her character is one of vigilance and caution, but at the same time, her attachment to the human family is observed. She is very cunning and smart, she has an amazing reaction, she has the habits of a wild dog. An independent, independent, vigilant, watchdog, not inclined to communicate. He is always on the alert and ready to defend his territory at any second. You must become a leader for such a dog.

Anatolian Shepherd / Anatolian Karabash / Kangal / Kangal Karabash

• RN ICF - 331.
• Height at withers: males 74-81 cm, females 71-79 cm. Weight: males 50-65 kg, females 40-55 kg.
• Color: black, brindle, can combine up to three colors at the same time.
• Homeland: Türkiye.
• The Anatolian Shepherd has a very subtle mind, it is loyal and calm with people, and trains very well. She will not allow anyone to touch those things that belong to the owners of this dog. Gets along with children, wary of strangers. They make good watchdogs. Tenacious, fearless but not aggressive, independent, proud and self-confident, she has excellent eyesight and hearing. Some can be aggressive towards other dogs.

• RN IFF - 264.
• Height at withers: 75-85 cm. Weight: 70-90 kg.
• Color: fawn, apricot, silver fawn, dark fawn, brindle, fawn. Black mask on the face.
• Homeland: Great Britain.
• Despite their past as fighting dogs, English Mastiffs today are affectionate and gentle pets, very intelligent and self-confident. They may not be bad guard dogs; he will stand between a stranger and a member of his family until he gains confidence that this person is safe. He can sacrifice himself for the sake of any member of the family, in addition, he will be simply happy to accompany his owners on trips or on vacation. This huge dog loves to play with older children, showing amazing caution. Moreover, if you play catch-up, then there is no chance of escaping from the mastiff. Despite their clumsiness, these dogs can develop unprecedented speed.

A star of the first magnitude among all heavy dogs. The most formidable and huge dogs played their role in its formation: the Molossian and several varieties of the Great Dane. The great conquerors of antiquity, for example, Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, admired the amazing strength and fearlessness of the mastiff, contributed greatly to its spread. Perhaps this is not least due to its popularity in medieval England, where this extremely versatile breed was used as a fighting dog, for guarding property, for hunting, and even as a “gladiator” in fights with predators. Subsequently, the glory of the English mastiff waned, however, he continued to maintain his external and internal advantages. The modern mastiff, along with the St. Bernard, is a record holder for size and weight - its height reaches 70-80 cm, and its weight is as much as 100 kg! In the most outstanding individuals, body mass is combined with no less remarkable external characteristics - a huge head, powerful neck, wide and deep chest, massive bones and developed muscles. The mastiff's coat is short and thick, the color is light yellow or brindle, with a black “mask” on the face.

Dogo Argentino / Argentine Mastiff

• RN IFF - 292.
• Height at withers: males 60-68 cm, females 60-65 cm. Weight: males 40-45 kg, females 40-43 kg.
• Color: white.
• Homeland: Argentina.
• Dogo Argentinos are easy to train, being very sociable and intelligent dogs. Athletic build and great physical strength allow these dogs to perfectly perform detention and protect the owner. The character of the “Argentine” is a harmonious combination of courage, hunting instinct, immense love for people and other extraordinary qualities. He is easy to train, remembers all commands the first time, and has a well-developed sense of smell. He treats all family members well, including children. He has no tendency to show jealousy. They get along well with children, but like all hunters they chase other animals.

The only recognized and currently widespread Argentinean breed in many countries of the world. Its origin is not known even to Argentine dog handlers, who make only assumptions on this matter. It is possible that boxers and mastiff-type dogs were used in its breeding. The Dogo Argentino is similar to a boxer due to the shape of its head. In its homeland, this dog, thanks to its tenacity and fearlessness, was used as a fighting and working dog. Distinguished by his innate resourcefulness, he gets out of the most difficult situations with honor. The animal is strongly built, muscular, fast, and flexible. By nature, reserved, distrustful of strangers and at the same time intelligent, easy to train, cheerful and even playful. The characteristic appearance of the Dogo Argentino is determined primarily by the head with a short, square muzzle. The ears are cropped. The tail is long, set horizontally. The coat is short, close to the body, the color is pure white, a small dark spot is allowed on the head.

Dogue de Bordeaux / French Mastiff

• RN IFF - 116.
• Height at withers: males 60-68 cm, females 58-66 cm. Weight: males from 50 kg, females from 45 kg.
• Color: plain, allowing all shades of reddish (from mahogany to isabella). Small white spots are acceptable on the chest and on the tips of the toes. A white spot at the end of the tail or in the area of ​​the limbs above the carpus and metatarsus is a serious fault. White spots on the head and body are a disqualifying fault.
• Homeland: France.
• Calm, balanced, with a high response threshold. A male dog usually has a stronger character and is more resilient. These dogs are extremely loyal to their owner and often feel lonely if their owner leaves them for a long time. Sociability combined with herding roots allows the Dogue de Bordeaux to get along well with children and other small pets, especially if they grow up with them from childhood. They are quick-witted and intelligent, and have a good sense of their owner’s emotional state. This is a vigilant dog, with some guard qualities, but without any aggression it is devoted to its family members. The Dogue is well aware of his strength and does not consider it necessary to show aggression; the Dogue de Bordeaux may be a little wary of strangers.

A fighting dog of ancient origin. The Assyrians also used fighting dogs similar in constitution in their wars. The immediate ancestors of the Dogue de Bordeaux were the so-called wolfhounds, with whom they hunted bear and wild boar in the Middle Ages. And at the end of the 18th century they wrote about this breed: “The dog is strong and brave, sometimes even cruel, but dejected and lethargic, withdrawn, not too affectionate, careless, and, moreover, has long lost its celebrity.” By this time the breed had indeed almost disappeared. Only in Central France, in those areas where the traditions of circus fights were preserved, a few copies remained. The Dogue de Bordeaux successfully measured his strength with a wolf, a bear, and a bull. At the first dog show, organized in Paris in 1663, eight such dogs were entered, which then received the name “Bordeaux”. Since then, the process of breeding the Dogue de Bordeaux has somewhat revived, but to this day the breed has not gained popularity, although its modern representatives can be excellent bodyguards, loyal friends and excellent watchmen. Outwardly it resembles a boxer, but is much larger. The coat is short, reddish-brown, with a black “mask” on the muzzle.

Brazilian Fila / Fila Brasileiro

• RN ICF - 225.
• Height at withers: males 65-75 cm, females 60-70 cm. Weight: males from 50 kg, females from 40 kg.
• Color: all solid colors, with the exception of white, mouse gray, spotted and speckled. Full brindle Fila can have both light and dark stripes. There may be a black mask on the muzzle, but not necessarily. White markings not exceeding 1/4 of the surface area of ​​the skin, according to the FCI standard, are acceptable on the paws, chest and tip of the tail, but are undesirable in other places. Recently, black color has become acceptable.
• Homeland: Brazil.
• An excellent security guard for a country house. He does not hide his distrust of strangers, and even at exhibitions, showing aggression towards a judge is not a reason for disqualification. They will protect their loved ones and their territory at any cost. You can't just walk up and pet this dog. He behaves with strangers no worse than a wolf. He is obedient to his owner, amenable to training, and requires early socialization. Not suitable for keeping on a chain or even for permanent keeping in an aviary.

Broholmer / Broholmer

• RN ICF - 315.
• Height at withers: males 70-77 cm, females 65-72 cm. Weight: males 50-70 kg, females 40-60 kg.
• Color: light yellow with a black mask, brownish-yellow with a black mask, black with small markings on the chest, paws and tip of the tail is allowed.
• Homeland: Denmark.
• An alert and fearless dog, very loyal, non-aggressive and trainable. It requires confidence from the owner - the brogolmer must recognize him as the “leader”. They become attached to the owner and the family in which they live, and protect them. Always on the alert, distrustful of strangers, very vigilant. They are patient with children and behave adequately in any situation. This is a reliable friend and a good guard.

• RN ICF - 357 (Recognized on a provisional basis).
• Height at withers: males 68-78 cm, females 64-72 cm. Weight: 32-41 kg.
• Color: white with clearly defined spots of sand, black or brindle. The legs may have black or colored markings. Pure white or black color is acceptable, but not desirable.
• Homeland: Romania.
• These are excellent guard dogs, courageous and combative towards wild animals. They are distrustful of strangers. During the night, dogs patrol the area around the herd or home; when animals or strangers approach the protected area, they signal with a loud, truly powerful bark. Bold and courageous, very strong, capable of fighting a bear, a wolf and a lynx. It can show aggression towards strangers and has a pronounced protective instinct. Loyal and faithful to her owner. They treat children well.

Bulldog / English Bulldog

• RN IFF - 149.
• Height at withers: males 50-55 cm, females 50-53 cm. Weight: males ~ 25 kg, females ~ 23 kg.
• Color: can be variegated (brindle, red with white, etc.), plain (white, fawn, red of different shades, reddish or brownish yellow, etc.) or distemper - a single color with a black mask or black muzzle.
• Homeland: Great Britain.
• English Bulldogs are very serious and loyal dogs. They are in great need of human attention and are not suitable for people who do not have enough time for their pets. He is a real homebody, loves to hang around the sofa and is ready to sleep all day, very stubborn. Establishes a very strong bond with children and behaves well with them, loves to chew on different things. Thoughtful and phlegmatic, Bulldogs make excellent travel companions. They can travel for a long time by transport and it does not tire them at all.

The ancestors of the bulldog were heavy, vicious fighting dogs, which were used, in particular, for “fun”, arranging fights between them. In its modern form, it is a snuffling, grotesque-looking dwarf on knobby legs, a sad caricature of its terrifying ancestors. The breed is exclusively decorative, the animal is smart, but capricious, the color is most often white, red or black.

• RN IFF - 157.
• Height at withers: males 63-69 cm, females 61-66 cm. Weight: males 49-59 kg, females 41-50 kg.
• Color: red, fawn or brindle; Small white spots on the chest are allowed.
• Homeland: Great Britain.
• Infinitely loyal to his owners, neutral towards family friends and acquaintances, but often wary of those he does not know. The Bullmastiff gets along well with the owners' children, as well as with any animals kept in the house - cats are no exception. It is forbidden to leave a dog unattended by adults with small children. They are very brave and always protect whoever they feel the need to protect, but they do not feel the need to protect property.

The result of crossing an English Mastiff with a Bulldog. A breed that has largely retained the external characteristics of its predecessors, but is more resilient and agile, softer in character, intelligent and obedient, easier to train, and has a good guard instinct. The coat is short, smooth, the color is bright red, often brindle.

• RN ICF - 343.
• Height at withers: males 64-68 cm, females 60-64 cm. Weight: males 45-50 kg, females 40-45 kg.
• Color: black, lead grey, slate grey, light grey, light red, murugi, dark red, brindle (stripes of different tones on red or grey). In red and brindle dogs, the black or gray mask on the muzzle should not extend beyond the eye line. A small white marking on the chest, on the ends of the paws and on the bridge of the nose is allowed.
• Homeland: Italy.
• This breed is focused on protection and security. Dogs are strong, resilient and very smart. They have excellent intuition and an innate defensive reflex, and they share the game and the real threat. But without a serious reason or without a command, the Cane Corso does not show aggression. A very loyal pet who loves his family almost desperately. He often follows his owner around the house and can even suffer from separation anxiety if left alone for long periods of time. If you have pets, the Cors will try to make friends with them. Even if at first the “old-timers” will take it with hostility. He gets along well with cats, parrots, and small dogs. Corsas allow little owners to do anything they want. When a child really “gets” them, she tries to hide. It’s impossible to hide - he suffers.

The Cane Corso is a brave, strong and seasoned animal, just like a good service dog should be. Today it is indeed occupied primarily in this area, although it is successfully used for protection. In the family, he is an affectionate and attentive friend. Raised with love, consistency and without the use of cruelty, this dog becomes a loyal friend you can always rely on. Endowed with impressive size, this dog has a need for some space, but, like all mastiffs, the opportunity to live side by side with its owner is important to it.

• RN IFF - 91.
• Height at withers: males 77-88 cm, females 72-88 cm. Weight: males 80-100 kg, females 52-77 kg.
• Color: apricot, gray, fawn, red, black, brindle (dark and light), there may be white marks on the paws and chest.
• Homeland: Spain.
• The Spanish Mastiff is a very strong dog, a born guard. In the family, the Spanish Mastiff behaves exemplary, never shows aggression, is affectionate and gentle. A faithful assistant and reliable friend, he needs attention and love. Mastiffs perceive children as a herd that needs safety and comfortable conditions. Due to the lack of hunting instincts, mastiffs can be kept with other, even small pets. Thanks to its warm coat, the mastiff can survive outdoors, despite the frost.

Ca de bou / Majoran Mastiff / Majorcan Bulldog / Cadebeau

• RN IFF - 249.
• Height at withers: males 55-58 cm, females 52-55 cm. Weight: males 35-38 kg, females 30-34 kg.
• Color: in order of preference - brindle, fawn and black.
• Homeland: Spain (Balearic Islands).
• The ca-de-bo is essentially a guard; it will never allow an intruder even close to its owner or the protected object. However, it is not typical for these dogs to display unreasonable aggression; they can only get into a fight if absolutely necessary. Dogs are dominant, so they definitely need early socialization and training. Dogs not only love children, they take on the role of nanny and take care of them in every possible way - both at home and on the street. Ca de Bou are excellent helpers not only in ordinary but also in extreme situations. It is not for nothing that these dogs were actively used in bullfighting. The dog is active, likes to walk often and a lot, and play outdoor games.

• RN ICF - 328.
• Height at withers: males 68-75 cm, females 74-72 cm. Weight: males 50-70 kg, females 45-65 kg.
• Color: wolf-gray, brown, white, fawn, with and without a mask, red and motley.
• Homeland: Russia (Caucasus).
• The Caucasian Shepherd has a persistent, courageous and decisive character. Distrustful of strangers. The distinctive features of this breed are the absence of fear and anger, which were initially necessary for it to protect livestock from wild animals. It is necessary to raise a puppy from a very young age, since after two years of life the dog’s character will be almost impossible to correct. She will respect only a strong-willed owner who has established his leadership over her. This dog loves children, but children should not be left unattended with this dog. Caucasians are self-confident and not fussy, this allows them to react adequately when faced with extreme events. Even danger cannot unsettle the pets; their actions are unmistakable.

The origins of this breed have much in common with those of other herding dogs. The duties of the Caucasian Shepherd Dog included guarding the herd entrusted to it, protecting which, it more than once had to engage in mortal combat with wolves. This lifestyle contributed to the formation of a brave, strong, large dog. The shepherds also carried out a strict selection, leaving the most viable and combative individuals for reproduction. Since the breed was bred in different parts of Russia, several different types arose. In recent years, Soviet cynologists have tried to standardize the Caucasian Shepherd Dog. Their efforts were so successful that today the breed is known throughout Europe and its popularity is growing. In Hungary, Caucasian Shepherd breeding has been practiced for only a few years, including in some sports dog breeding clubs. Has established itself as an excellent guard dog. Intelligent, proud, devoted to the owner, distrustful, behaves unfriendly with strangers, can bite. The head is large, the ears are hanging. The coat is semi-long or short, the color is brown-gray, red-brown, brindle, piebald.

Dogo Canario / Dogo Canario / Perro de Presa Canario

• RN ICF - 346.
• Height at withers: males 58-68 cm, females 54-64 cm. Weight: males 50-65 kg, females 40-55 kg.
• Color: brindle in all shades, from dark warm tones to very light gray or red. In all shades, the color can vary from yellowish-brown to yellow-red, fawn in all shades. There may be marks on the chest, at the base of the neck and throat, on the toes of the front and hind legs, it is desirable that there are as few of them as possible. The white color in the color should not exceed 30%. The mask is always black and should not extend beyond the height of the eyes.
• Homeland: Spain (Tenerife and Gran Canaria).
• Dogs of the Dogo Canario breed are balanced. They are loyal to their owner and reserved with strangers. These dogs are incredibly strong. Shows dominance towards other dogs, but gets along well with dogs of the opposite sex and weaker characters. They are affectionate and noble with their family, have a strong attachment to their owner and are suspicious of strangers. He loves to work, so he can become a good bodyguard, watchman and devoted companion. People with a mild character and elderly people with poor health are not recommended to have such a serious dog. They are not annoying, take up little space, and do not require constant attention.

Cao de Castro Laboreiro / Castro Laboreiro / Portuguese Cattle Dog / Portuguese Guard

• RN IFF - 170.
• Height at withers: males 58-64 cm, females 55-61 cm. Weight: males 30-40 kg, females 25-35 kg.
• Color: Often seen is the "wolf color" (referring to the Iberian wolf), formed by a mixture of gray, black, brown and red hair, evenly distributed or forming lightened and darkened areas. The so-called “mountain color” is considered traditional for working dogs and the most preferable: gray or black brindles against a background of gray, and more often of varying intensity red coloring. On the head and front of the body, the color of brindles may be darker than on the back and tail. In mountainous areas, where autumn tans and grays predominate most of the year, this color is an excellent camouflage, much needed for a guard dog. Under natural conditions, the dark markings covered less of the dog's surface, so they appeared overall quite light. In recent years, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the proportion of dark brindle zones, so that sometimes the dog looks almost black. Such a dark color is the result of breeding outside natural conditions and cannot be considered a true “mountain color”.
• Homeland: Portugal.
• Cao de Castro Laboreiro have the best qualities of guard dogs: they are alert, intelligent, but not as stubborn as other “professional colleagues”. Brave and decisive, able to withstand a wolf attack on a herd. They do not trust strangers and will never let anyone near the herd they protect. They can show aggression when threatened. In the family they show their best qualities, become attached to each family member, but they are not suitable for people who are getting a dog for the first time in their lives. They can successfully adapt to almost any conditions.

Krash Shepherd / Istrian Shepherd / Karst Shepherd

• RN IFF - 278.
• Height at withers: males 57-63 cm, females 54-60 cm. Weight: males 30-42 kg, females 25-37 kg.
• Color: steel gray, especially on the back, dark tone preferred; towards the belly and limbs, the color transforms into light gray or sand, with a dark stripe in the front of the leg, without forming a visible border. The dark mask on the face of the Krash Shepherd is stretched across the skull. On the nape, the mask borders on gray or sand or pale fawn, covered with black on top.
• Homeland: Slovenia.
• The dog has a good, moderately energetic temperament, courage, courage, and is not inclined to bite, and is very devoted to its owner. An incorruptible guard, distrustful of strangers, a pleasant, obedient companion, who at the same time has a pronounced personality. Demands respect and understanding, does not tolerate rude treatment. Possessing remarkable strength, they can easily defeat a wolf. In a family circle, these are cheerful pets who cannot stand prolonged loneliness.

• RN ICF - 226.
• Height at withers: males 72-80 cm, females 67-72 cm. Weight: males 59-68 kg, females 45-54 kg.
• Color: Pure white as the main color, with distinct black spots on the body and rump. The head is black with a white muzzle, from which comes a white symmetrical blaze. The neck, front of the chest, belly, legs and tail are white.
• Homeland: Germany/Switzerland.
• Calm, self-confident, vigilant, devoted to the family, rather stubborn dog that requires patience when raising. An excellent swimmer and fetcher, he strives to benefit people by realizing the qualities inherited from distant ancestors. He has an easy-going, peaceful character and a highly developed rescue instinct. Gets along well with other dogs. Sometimes they can be stubborn, but this deficiency can be corrected with intensive training. They sense their owner's mood well, so you shouldn't train them rudely or harshly. The greatest results can be achieved with patience, gentleness and calmness.

• RN IFF - 145.
• Height at withers: males 72-80 cm, females 65-75 cm. Weight: males 48-75 kg, females 41-59 kg.
• Color: lion-yellow, red (red), dark red, sand (fawn or cream) and all intermediate tones, always with a black mask. Black ends of the hair are acceptable, but the black tone should not dominate the main color. Lightening the color on the underside of the tail, mane, feathers and “pants” should not be excessive and disrupt the harmony, creating a contrast with the main color. A small white spot or thin stripe on the chest and white hair on the toes are acceptable.
• Homeland: Germany.
• He is very friendly towards children, not aggressive, but not timid either. As a guide dog, he is sociable, obedient, and will boldly accompany you in all life situations. Is an excellent family dog. They are quite balanced, have “angelic” patience and are slightly phlegmatic by nature. And this remains in them, even if there is complete confusion around them, unnerving representatives of other breeds. Protecting one’s territory is at the level of instinct, but if the owner has shown with all his appearance that the person who has come is a guest, the dog will stand up to greet him. Leonbergers are extremely deeply hurt by any injustice, so always balance the severity of the punishment with the degree of the offense.

A breed developed by the German cynologist Heinrich Essig from a St. Bernard by crossing with a Newfoundland and a Pyrenean mountain dog. Having inherited the best qualities of the St. Bernard, the new breed acquired greater mobility, grace and endurance. Color ranges from fawn to red-brown. A black “mask” on the face is desirable.

Neapolitan Mastiff / Mastino Napoletano

• RN IFF - 197.
• Height at withers: males 65-75 cm, females 60-68 cm. Weight: males 60-70 kg, females 50-60 kg.
• Color: black, blue, gray, mahogany, isabella (something between gray and fawn), brindle is dominant in all colors. Small white markings on the chest, fingers and hip area of ​​the abdomen are acceptable.
• Homeland: Italy.
• Mastino can be used as a watchdog. However, he is very friendly in a homely atmosphere and is sociable. Has an excellent memory. Very kind and caring for his owner, he will behave in front of him like a small child. Not recommended for families with children under 12 years of age or other pets. The Neapolitan Mastiff is very jealous, most often he shows his jealousy with aggression. For a Neapolitan, the owner is a king and God who needs to be protected and protected. He will not allow anyone to hurt you and will always come to the rescue. These dogs have a strong emotional connection with their owner. You cannot use force, otherwise the animal will be nervous and uncontrollable.

A heavy and sedentary dog ​​with strikingly developed muscles, a steep forehead and a wrinkled dewlap. Like other mastiffs, it is a descendant of Molossian dogs, a fighting breed that can be seen on Babylonian reliefs. Until recently, when it came into fashion, it was used for hunting large predators. Relatively obedient, attached to the owner, but generally irritable, temperamentally lethargic dog with weakened body resistance.

• RN IFF - 144.
• Height at withers: males 57-63 cm, females 53-59 cm. Weight: males 30-35 kg, females 25-30 kg.
• Color: red (originally fawn) or brindle. Red is allowed in any shade from light yellow to red-brown, but medium tones (that is, bright red) are most preferred. Black mask. The brindle color consists of dark or black stripes on a red background, running along the ribs. The main color and stripes should be different from each other. White markings are not prohibited in principle and can even be very decorative.
• Homeland: Germany.
• The Boxer is affectionate with his family, but suspicious of strangers. Cheerful and friendly in play, yet fearless in a serious situation. It is easy to train due to its willingness to obey, fighting qualities and courage, natural enthusiasm and excellent sense of smell. Very playful, loves to spend a lot of time outdoors, active and energetic. Gets along great with children. He becomes very attached to his owners. Needs constant communication and attention. It retains its playfulness until old age. A very loyal dog that has a hard time with even a short separation from its owner. A little stubbornness can be called a distinctive feature of the breed. But despite this, pets willingly carry out commands, quickly respond to training, and assess the situation at the speed of light. These dogs do not know the feeling of fear; they are always confident in their abilities.

The fashion for this breed periodically passes and then reappears. Originally used for hunting large predators and dog fighting. In its modern form, it was bred by German breeders who, having refined its exterior, were able to preserve such primordial qualities as fearlessness and combativeness, goodwill and playfulness. Like any fashionable breed, the Boxer is in danger of losing its internal merits as a result of one-sided selection, taking into account mainly the requirements of the exterior.

• RN ICF - 235.
• Height at withers: males 80-90 cm, females 72-84 cm. Weight: males 54-90 kg, females 45-80 kg.
• Color: Great Danes are bred in three separate groups: fawn and brindle/marble and black/blue.
• Fawn: Color ranges from pale golden fawn to deep gold. A black mask is recommended. There should be no shades of grey, blue or brown. Small white markings on the chest and toes are not desirable.
• Brindle: Base color ranges from pale golden fawn to deep gold with black stripes running towards the ribs. The stripes should be as clear and regular as possible. A black mask is recommended. Small white markings on the chest and toes are not desirable.
• White with black spots (Marble, formerly "Tigerdoggen"): the main background is pure white, if possible without hair, with uneven, ragged, black spots throughout the body. Gray or brown spots are not desirable. Gray merle color (various shades of gray background with torn black spots) is allowed, but not desirable.
• Black: Deep black, white markings allowed. This also includes the raincoat color, in which the entire body is painted black like a blanket, but the muzzle, neck, chest, belly, legs and tip of the tail can be white. And also a platten color - the main background is white with a black mask on the head and somewhat evenly colored round spots on the body.
• Blue: light bluish-gray with a steely tint, white markings on chest and paws are allowed. Fawn or black tints are not allowed.
• Homeland: Germany.
• By its nature, the Great Dane is a fairly cheerful, loyal and very sociable dog. Calm and confident, he will never bark without a reason. Due to their good nature, dogs of this breed can be recommended as family pets. Dogs of this breed require a lot of attention and some sacrifices from their owners, so they are not suitable for those people who do not have enough time to care for their pet. Great Danes are brave and energetic dogs, and they make good guard dogs, despite the fact that they do not bark very much. However, they will definitely bark if someone comes into the house. It is difficult to get a dog angry, but it is better not to try. The dog has developed intelligence and excellent memory. Remembers offenders, although does not seek revenge at the first opportunity.

The dog is most likely of Danish origin, although it was given its modern form in Germany. It is distinguished by its enormous height, up to 80 cm, and at the same time elegance. The animal is very strong, devoted to its owner, with a fairly balanced psyche, filled with a sense of dignity. He is calm towards children and distrustful of strangers whom he may attack. From his wolfhound ancestors he inherited absolute fearlessness. The coat is short, smooth and shiny. There are colors: fawn, blue-gray, black or black-spotted. Solid white color is not found.

Newfoundland

• IFF RN - 50.
• Height at withers: males 69-74 cm, females 63-69 cm. Weight: males 63-70 kg, females 48-56 kg.
• Color: black, white-black and brown. Black: traditional color is black. The color should be as rich as possible, but when fading in the sun, a slight brown tint is allowed. White markings are allowed on the chest, toes and/or tip of the tail. White and Black: This variety has historical significance for the breed. The preferred arrangement of spots is: a black head with a white blaze going down to the muzzle, a black saddle with evenly spaced spots and a black spot on the croup that covers the base of the tail. The remaining parts must be white, with minimal speckling. Brown: uniform color ranging from chocolate to bronze. White markings are allowed on the chest, toes and/or tip of the tail. White-black and brown dogs are exhibited in the same class as black dogs.
• Homeland: Canada.
• It has practically no hunting instincts, has a tendency to make independent decisions in a variety of situations, and is devoid of aggression towards people. Newfoundland enjoys being helpful. He will happily carry a light bag in his teeth, carry an arbitrarily heavy sled with any load around his neck, look after children (all of them, including “strangers”), especially on the water - he will never let the child go deeper than he can reach the bottom with his paws. It is especially worth noting the attitude towards children: they are extremely patient creatures. Dogs of this breed are very bored and yearn for pets or family members who disappear from their lives. The Newfoundland breed gets along well with other dogs, even small breeds. They rush to the aid of a drowning person even without the owner’s command. They love open space very much, so life in a city apartment will not be comfortable for them.

The breed bred on the island. Newfoundland by English settlers. A massive, powerful, yet surprisingly resilient and energetic dog that swims well. A person who has fallen into the water or is simply swimming is pulled ashore without waiting for a command, so swimming in the presence of a Newfoundland is a troublesome task. The coat is long and does not get wet in water. The color is usually black. An easy to train, brave, strong, charming dog. Descendant of retrievers. In Europe it is used as a mountain rescue or lap dog. Especially popular in Switzerland. It is difficult to tolerate mild climates. Unable to swim much, he quickly weakens and becomes susceptible to disease.

This is the dog that does the hardest work. She is capable of deep devotion and adapts to family life, is very agile and relaxed in movement. There is no need for special care, but the long coat requires periodic combing and washing. It is recommended to provide the Novaya Zemlya dog with free access to water - a river, stream, pool or sea, but it also adapts well to life “on land”. However, you need to understand that having a thick coat, the dog suffers from the heat.

• RN IFF - 137.
• Height at withers: males 70-80 cm, females 65-75 cm. Weight: males 50-54 kg, females 36-45 kg.
• Color: Pure white or white with gray or yellowish markings.
• Homeland: France.
• Pyrenean mountain dogs are distinguished by their intelligence and intelligence, they are highly trainable, but require a certain amount of persistence when raising them. The fact is that these are thinking, proactive dogs that were bred to work independently and are accustomed to assessing the situation and making decisions themselves. Representatives of this breed are friendly towards children and pets, devoted to the family in which they live, have a keen sense of their own territory and very good watchdog qualities. These are strict, but not vicious dogs. They perceive the dogs they grew up with calmly and consider them members of the pack, but they are not so good-natured towards other people's dogs. If you want a dog that obeys commands without question, this is definitely not it. They are accustomed to barking to warn strangers and their own and do this constantly, and their barking is very loud and deep. The dog was created for life outside the walls of city apartments.

Belongs to a group of large breeds that came to Europe from Asia at different stages of the migration of peoples. Initially it protected grazing herds from wolves, bears and thieves. According to French historians, in the southeast of France, Pyrenean mountain dogs guarded castles and fortresses. Later, these fighting, intimidatingly strong dogs were used in the French and English armies. The collars they wore during battle, equipped with external spikes, are still preserved. Nowadays, dogs of this breed “look after” farmsteads, factory buildings, large warehouses and other important objects. They are also found as incorruptible and terrible guards in country villas. An impressive, strikingly beautiful dog in a snow-white “fur coat” with yellow-brown tan marks on the head, ears and at the base of the tail. The ears are small, hanging, the hair is long, dense, soft to the touch. The behavior of the Pyrenees Mountain Dog is characterized by restraint and dignity.

• RN IFF - 92.
• Height at withers: males 77-81 cm, females 72-75 cm. Weight: males 65-75 kg, females 60-70 kg.
• Color: white. The mask is well expressed - the characteristic color of the muzzle. There may be spots all over the body, the color of which matches the color of the mask.
• Homeland: Spain.
• An exceptionally reliable and intelligent dog. He behaves favorably towards other dogs and children. Wary of strangers. Due to their qualities, representatives of the breed began to be used as guards and bodyguards. They are ideal for families with children, as they are very patient and reserved. They also get along well with cats and other animals living in the house. Strangers are not trusted and are not sought after. They diligently observe the behavior of strangers and do not show aggression. Ready at any moment to enter into a fight with a large wild animal in order to protect the owner and his family.

Rafeiro do Alentejo / Portuguese Watchdog / Portuguese Rafeiro / Portuguese Mastiff

• RN IFF - 96.
• Height at withers: males 66-74 cm, females 64-70 cm. Weight: males 40-50 kg, females 35-45 kg.
• Color: black, wolf, fawn (yellowish-brown) with white markings, or white with markings from the previously listed colors, or with striped (brindle) spots, or motley.
• Homeland: Portugal (Alentejo).
• Their main function is to guard livestock; representatives of this breed instinctively know how to do their job correctly. The Portuguese watchdog stoically endures any weather conditions and is unpretentious in food. Very active, strong, energetic dogs. They are very smart and quick-witted. Not aggressive, but vigilant and always ready for combat in extreme conditions. A very rare breed, a representative of this breed is almost impossible to find in other countries. These powerful dogs have a strong and stubborn character with a tendency to dominate, they are independent and do not tend to please their owner. Dogs of this breed need the strong hand of an experienced dog breeder; a beginner may not be able to handle them. At the same time, Portuguese watchdogs are very sensitive to reprimands and strive to earn praise and affection; with proper training, they become wonderful, devoted companions.

• RN IFF - 147.
• Height at withers: males 61-70 cm, females 56-65 cm. Weight: males 45-55 kg, females 40-50 kg.
• Color: black with well-defined tan of a rich red-brown color: on the cheeks, muzzle, lower part of the neck, chest and legs, as well as above the eyes and below the base of the tail.
• Homeland: Germany.
• They love to work, they are hardy, energetic and full of strength. They are considered an aggressive breed. They are loyal protectors and will do a lot to protect their owner. But in the absence of proper upbringing, socialization, and friendly communication with the outside world, they can grow up to be very aggressive towards others and towards the owner himself and his family. Many Rottweilers tend to establish closer relationships with one specific person - therefore, due to their dominant nature, they are not recommended for families with small children. They are confident dogs, powerful, serious and courageous. The dog is very smart and cunning, which should not be underestimated. If your pet suddenly stops following the command and looks with an uncomprehending look, then this can only mean that he is deceiving you. They are naturally excellent watchdogs. Remarkable hearing and coordination in space will not allow any unexpected guest to pass unnoticed. The main thing is that socialization at an early age and proper preparation is key to parenting.

In the old days, cattle dealers used Rottweilers to escort herds of cattle. A heavy, large dog with amazing strength with a terrifying appearance and a balanced psyche. The color is usually black and red or reddish brown. Unpretentious. Having lost her job, she retrained, becoming an excellent guard dog and a reliable guide.

• RN IFF - 61.
• Height at withers: males 70-90 cm, females 65-80 cm. Weight: males 70-120 kg, females 64-100 kg.
• Color: red with white markings or white with red markings, and any shade of red is allowed.
• Homeland: Switzerland.
• Saint Bernards are loyal and very obedient dogs. They love people and treat children very carefully and carefully. There is one drawback that is quite difficult to cope with - St. Bernards do not really like small dogs. But if the puppies are raised together, then in the future there is hope that they will live together. These are very smart dogs that always strive to please their owner. They are fairly easy to train and really need it given their size and strength. They have an incredible ability to navigate in space. They can easily find their way back even if they wander far from home. She is very smart and has the highest reaction speed - after all, these are rescue dogs who know how to make decisions on their own without hesitation.

Swiss breed of ancient, not fully understood origin. In the Augustinian monastery, located in the St. Bernard Valley, the St. Bernard was made into a rescue dog, with the help of which the merciful monks rescued many people from avalanches. A huge, intelligent, good-natured dog that is easy to train. St. Bernard Barry gained legendary fame for saving 41 people from certain death. There are two varieties of St. Bernard - long-haired and short-haired. The color is white with red spots. A truly alpine animal that feels best in sub-zero temperatures.

More about the breed

Central Asian Shepherd / Alabai

• RN ICF - 335.
• Height at withers: males 70-78 cm, females 65-70 cm. Weight: males 50-79 kg, females 40-65 kg.
• Color: black, white, gray, brown, red, fawn, as well as brindle, piebald or speckled. Unacceptable: liver, chocolate, blue.
• Homeland: Russia (Central Asia).
• The main purpose of the breed is guarding and protection. This breed is not as aggressive and ferocious as its close relative - the Caucasian Shepherd Dog. However, the Alabai is a dominant dog breed that requires early training and socialization. They get along well with other pets in the house, be they cats or dogs. But they are very aggressive towards other people's dogs. Very wary of strangers. To protect the territory, you should not take several males, since according to the laws of the pack, sooner or later they will begin to fight for leadership. The pack instinct has been ingrained in them for centuries, and they calmly obey those who are higher than them on the hierarchical ladder. They are offended very easily and remember the offense for a long time, so there is no need to scold and punish them without good reason. This big, fierce dog is very affectionate towards children and will happily take part in the games the children start.

• RN MKF - 230.
• Height at withers: males 66-76 cm, females 61-71 cm. Weight: males 65-80 kg, females 60-75 kg.
• Color: black - black color predominates over the entire surface of the coat in combination with yellow hairs; tan - this color is characterized by black color with brown spots - tan marks. Tan marks have a clear pattern and boundaries and are located in certain places; red - red color comes in various shades - from red to golden.
• Homeland: Tibet.
• By nature, a calm, reserved dog that combines the ability to live in a family and flawlessly guard the house. In relationships with other dogs, she is relatively friendly and is able to respond adequately to aggression. One of the main distinguishing features of the breed is its independence in relation to its owner. Bred for guard duty, these dogs prefer to stay awake at night, sleeping during the day. Dogs of this breed are intelligent, but often stubborn and require the owner to show undoubted leadership and an excellent understanding of canine psychology. Without strict discipline and consistent training, a dog can become unpredictable and dangerous. Mastiffs are unusually affectionate with children, very sensitive, get upset and retire if there is discord in the family. He never takes off from his spot unnecessarily, he waits, and only after finding out the criminal intentions of the stranger does he attack with all the strength and power of a high-speed tank. Can be kept with other animals. He is not a hunter and is quite friendly, even towards cats.

About this huge animal, Aristotle noted that people consider the mastiff to be a cross between a dog and a tiger. You can understand this statement of the ancient thinker when you see the belligerence, courage and size of the Tibetan mastiff. Dog reference books see in this tall dog the common ancestor of all mountain dogs. Her images can be seen on reliefs recovered from the ruins of Nineveh and Babylon. Much later, in the 13th century, Marco Polo mentions a dog “the size of a donkey” that he saw in Mongolia, in the description of which it is not difficult to recognize the Tibetan mastiff. A dog with a sullen look, floppy ears, vaguely reminiscent of a Newfoundland. The breed is extremely rare, and has not really taken root anywhere except Tibet. The coat is coarse, hard, long, black or light brown in color.

• RN ICF - 355. (Recognized on a provisional basis).
• Height at withers: males 67-73 cm, females 62-68 cm. Weight: males 50-60 kg, females 35-48 kg.
• Color: two or three colors with a predominance of white. Any color is acceptable as a base color. Colors range from almost white to almost entirely black, red, yellow, brown, minimal spotting, Irish spotting, extreme spotting and piebald. Gray is not a very desirable color. Solid colors are prohibited by the breed standard. Initially, they sought to obtain different colors in the Tornjak, so that owners could recognize their dog from afar. Breeders also strive for a variety of colors to distinguish the Tornjak from other breeds.
• Homeland: Croatia / Bosnia and Herzegovina.
• Tornjak has a serious, self-confident and calm disposition. An adult dog is calm, peaceful, at first glance lazy and apathetic, but at the slightest threat the dog is instantly ready for defense and fight. The character of the Tornjak matches their temperament: they are calm, not aggressive and not intrusive. The dogs are social and get along well in a pack. It does not show aggression towards unfamiliar people and animals, but if necessary, it defends the herd, property and owners decisively and courageously. Shepherds say that Tornjak easily wins a fight with two wolves, and a pair of dogs easily drives away a bear. Shows great affection for its owner, is easy to train, learns quickly and retains the acquired knowledge for a long time; enjoys performing the tasks assigned to him. The breed is very rare, even in its homeland it is not widespread. Early and very active socialization is extremely important.

Tosa / Tosa-inu / Tosa-ken / Tosa-token / Tosha

• RN ICF - 260.
• Height at withers: males 60-82 cm, females 55-75 cm. Weight: males 60-90 kg, females 40-70 kg.
• Color: red, fawn, apricot, black, brindle; Small white markings on chest and paws are allowed.
• Homeland: Japan.
• A calm, reliable, patient, manageable and attentive dog with the pronounced territoriality, extreme independence and focus characteristic of Molossers. Possesses exceptional strength and fearlessness. Tosa is very loyal to its owner, distrustful of strangers and aggressive towards its relatives. Training this serious fighting dog requires firmness and perseverance from the owner. Tosa is genetically endowed with the ability to make an independent assessment of the situation, so even if the owner does not have time to give the appropriate command, the dog will act decisively. Even without special training, Tosa is a good bodyguard. In the family, this brave dog is affectionate and gentle, and according to American researchers, in Japan purebred Tosa Inu were used as nannies. You should not risk taking your Tosa Inu dog for a walk without a leash or muzzle. The longest-liver among Molossians is 12 years, which is a lot for such breeds.

In all countries of the world, self-respecting cynologists sought to develop their own special, national breeds of dogs. The Japanese did not lag behind others in this noble competition, creating a number of interesting, inimitable and beautiful breeds. Among them - in the literal sense of the word - Tosha stands out. When breeding this breed, which lasted quite a long time, from 1868 to 1912, they used the English bulldog, bull terrier, Great Dane and even St. Bernard. Despite this, Tosha is most similar to a bloodhound, but with a more powerful and muscular constitution and smaller ears. In his homeland, thanks to his exceptional physical strength and decisive fighting character, he was successful in dog fights, and in our time is used as a police dog. An excellent watchman and bodyguard. It is distinguished by its temperament, receptiveness to training, when protecting its owner it is decisive and dangerous, and is distrustful of strangers. Needs movement and daily exercise. The head is large and the ears droop. The coat is short and thick, the color is most often reddish-brown, sometimes with white markings.

Uruguayan Cimarron/Maroon/Uruguayan Wild Dog/Gaucho Dog

• RN ICF - 353. (Recognized on a provisional basis).
• Height at withers: males 58-61 cm, females 55-58 cm. Weight: males 38-45 kg, females 33-40 kg.
• Color: brindle; All shades of yellowish-brown color are allowed, with a black or darkened mask on the animal’s face. A mask is not required. White markings are allowed on the lower jaw, lower neck, chest and belly, as well as on the lower limbs. The presence of white areas of fur in other places is not allowed.
• Homeland: Uruguay.
• The Uruguayan Cimarron has an independent and distinctive character. It is difficult to force him to do something if he has not been trained to do it from birth. Representatives of the breed are distinguished by their endless devotion to their owner and are always ready to defend their home or family. Gets along well with family members, but does not like excessive affection. It is not easy to find a common language with them. They are extremely distrustful of strangers, sometimes even aggressive. They are very active and energetic - wonderful athletes. If you spend enough time training these dogs, they will make excellent service dogs. This is an excellent herding dog, capable of excellent guarding and protecting livestock from attacks by predators. Also, a reliable, vigilant watchman of the house, guarding the owner’s property. A magnificent hunter, with a keen sense of smell and absolute fearlessness. This is a wonderful escort who will definitely take you where you need to go without getting lost or lost in the wild forest. That is, the representative of the breed is a very multifunctional, easily trained and smart dog, capable of constantly surprising you with new skills and talents.

Fila San Miguel / Azorean Cattle Dog / Fila San Miguel / Cau di Fila di Saint Miguel

• RN MKF - 340.
• Height at withers: males 50-60 cm, females 48-58 cm. Weight: males 25-35 kg, females 20-30 kg.
• Color: fawn, grey, light yellow, dark yellow. Spotting is allowed. There are white spots on the forehead, chest, and also on the forelimbs.
• Homeland: Portugal (Azores).
• Large, aggressive, working dogs. Azorean Cattle Dogs must be well trained at a very early age if they are to be used as a pet, and be able to control themselves when around strange children or other irritants. This breed creates a deep bond with their owner, being very affectionate, loving and receptive, but despite this, they are aggressive towards strangers and other dogs. When given good training, these dogs make the best family pets as they are very intelligent and obedient towards those they love. It is difficult for Azorean dogs to endure a change of owner and place of residence, since these dogs are monogamous. These dogs tend to be dominant. “Sanmigels” are distinguished by high intelligence; they can clearly distinguish an imaginary danger from a real one and independently make a decision in a difficult situation. There is no need to keep her in an apartment; she needs fresh air and lots of physical activity. These dogs do not tolerate low temperatures well, so in winter the dog cannot be left in the enclosure, it must be taken into the house.

• RN IFF - 190.
• Height at withers: males 63-70 cm, females 58-65 cm. Weight: males 40-45 kg, females 35-40 kg.
• Color: fawn, black and tan and black.
• Homeland: Germany.
• Companion dog, search and rescue dog, security guard, watchman - in these areas the Hovawart has no equal, given the harmonious combination of his devotion to the family and natural abilities. This is a calm, balanced dog, self-confident with a pronounced protective instinct, hardy, and with an excellent sense of smell. This is a versatile working dog with a wide range of applications. Often such dogs are used not only to protect homes, but also as a therapy dog ​​or assistant for a disabled person. It is worth noting that Hovawarts are touchy. If the owner goes too far, the dog will withdraw. In this case, the owner needs to be the first to meet the world halfway. Very affectionate and friendly towards children.

The breed is relatively young - but with an ancient name! Already in medieval sources, the Gofwart (translated from German as “house guard”) is mentioned as a reliable guard dog, popular among the peasants of Germany. One of the old books about dogs, dated 1473, talks about the use of the Hovawart against robbers, as well as for finding their hiding places and even for working on the scent. In old engravings, the Hovawart is depicted as a long-haired dog with a massive constitution and a curled tail. About half a century ago, the breed was restored by German cynologists by crossing with large mountain dogs. The standard for the modern Hovawart was established in 1936. The breed is not only strong, but also agile, alert and intelligent. He has an excellent guard instinct and excellent malice. The ears are hanging, the tail reaches the hocks. The voice is thick and sonorous. The eyes are brown, with a smart, expressive look. The coat is long, the color is black and tan or single-color fawn.

The name of this breed, bred in Württemberg, is related to its purpose: the ancestor was called HoLuaggeg, which means “yard watchman”. Today she is bred as a service and protection dog. The Hovawart is a dog that is obedient by nature, calm and attached to its owners, brave and ready to defend. This dog loves movement, swims with pleasure, and has an extremely developed sense of smell. She matures slowly, but when her character is fully formed, she is easily trained, and, in addition to obedience, demonstrates great abilities.
This dog can tolerate the cold and can sleep in a kennel outside; It is best to keep it in the garden. The coat does not require special care; it should be brushed regularly, but should not be washed too often.

Shar Pei / Shar Pei

• RN ICF - 309.
• Height at withers: males 46-51 cm, females 43-48 cm. Weight: males 25-35 kg, females 18-30 kg.
• Color: has a wide palette of colors, divided into two groups; Shar Pei's main color has a black pigment of varying intensity. In some dogs this is expressed in blackening of almost the entire muzzle, in others - only in black pigmentation of the nose and a small area around it, in others there is so little black pigment that it appears only in the form of a gray coating on the muzzle or in places of scars on the skin. Among the pigmented colors of Shar-Pei are black, fawn, red (mahogany), cream, blue, isabella and sable; The dilute group of colors (with the complete absence of black) is the dilute chocolate, red, cream, apricot, lilac, isabella and sable.
• Homeland: China.
• Calm, independent, loyal, devoted to family. An adult Shar Pei is characterized by increased caution and distrust of strangers. Due to his deep-set eyes, his peripheral vision is often limited, which is why many Shar Peis are frightened by sudden movements. Shar-Peis are often aggressive towards other dog breeds, so Shar-Pei puppies need early socialization and training. Loyal to their owner and family members. Shar Peis have an extremely dominant and independent nature and prefer to be the king or queen of the house, so it is important that they know who is boss. What is especially surprising in him is the combination of high intelligence, good morals with distrust and even arrogance towards strangers. This makes dogs excellent, incorruptible guards, devoid of blind aggression. The Chinese dog is a real intellectual, unobtrusive and quiet.

For centuries it has lived in the southern provinces of China, off the coast of the South China Sea. In all likelihood, it was known during the Han Dynasty, 200 BC. e. The main purpose of the Shar Pei was to guard housing and livestock. Later, it was formed into a fighting dog, which stood out in fights for its assertiveness, unbridled and blind malice. Over time, the popularity of the breed fell so much that it was in danger of extinction. Fortunately, in 1971, one of the American cynology magazines drew attention to it, which mobilized breeders to save the Shar-Pei from extinction. The dog is heavy, but proportionally strong in build. The original appearance of the Shar-Pei is given by wrinkles and folds of skin tailored “for growth”. The coat is short. The color is bronze, sometimes reddish-chestnut with a black or bluish tint.

Šarplaninac / Macedonian Shepherd Dog / Yugoslav Shepherd Dog / Illyrian Shepherd Dog / Illyrian Wolfhound / Šarplanina Shepherd Dog / Čarplanina Shepherd Dog

• RN IFF - 41.
• Height at withers: males 57-65 cm, females 53-61 cm. Weight: males 35-45 kg, females 30-40 kg.
• Color: solid, ranging from white to dark brown, almost black, steel gray and dark gray are most preferred. The upper part of the head and body is a darker shade than the belly and limbs. There are small white spots on the legs, chest and end of the tail, but for purebred dogs white spots are considered a fault.
• Homeland: Serbia / Macedonia.
• Unlike most herding dogs, which specialize either in herding or guarding the herd, Sharplanin Shepherd Dogs are versatile and perform the functions of both guard and cattle dogs. Dogs work at a distance from humans and therefore tend to be independent. Although these dogs are usually calm, they react instantly to danger and are absolutely fearless, so they can attack both a wolf and a bear. Dogs are loyal to one owner, but love and protect all family members. They are distrustful and suspicious of strangers. Dogs of this breed are not intended for living in the city; they need large spaces and freedom. Also, these Yugoslav Shepherds do not like the company of other males; they usually immediately get into a fight to prove their superiority.

Related to the Kuvasz, it is a low-backed, fold-eared shepherd dog of a gray-piebald color with wavy hair of medium length. A very smart, trainable dog with a good nervous system, distrustful and angry by nature, it can attack a person. A natural breed that is currently being improved. As the name indicates, the main purpose of this dog was to protect the herd from wolves.

One of the oldest and most famous Yugoslav herding dogs. Shepherds of the karst plateau and village dog breeders always carefully ensured that the breed was replenished with the best individuals. According to dog experts, its origin is somewhere between the ancient Molossian dog and the South European Shepherd Dog. It is distinguished by its impressive appearance and excellent watchdog qualities, and is successfully used as a service dog in the Yugoslav army. Calm, disciplined, amenable to various training. Recently it has gained recognition and wide popularity throughout the world. The ears are hanging, the tail reaches the hocks.

The dog demonstrates aggressiveness only when necessary, and knows how to be affectionate, for example with children, whom it instinctively protects. An excellent service animal, rustic, strong, loyal and attached to its owner. This shepherd needs to live outdoors and is not suited to the city.

Estrela Shepherd / Estrela Mountain Dog

• RN IFF - 173.
• Height at withers: males 65-75 cm, females 62-71 cm. Weight: males 45-60 kg, females 35-45 kg.
• There are 2 types of breed: short-haired (which has almost disappeared) and long-haired.
• Color: yellow, yellow-brown, gray (in all variants), “wolf” (fawn, yellow-gray, dark and light tones), “brindle” colors. The presence of a black “mask” on the animal’s face is acceptable and encouraged. White markings and spots are allowed on the chest, tail, and ends of the legs.
• Homeland: Portugal.
• The Estrela Shepherd Dog has a quick reaction time. She is very brave and energetic. Thanks to their keen sense of smell, these dogs are excellent hunters. Obedient to the owner, has a deep affection for children and controlled aggressiveness towards strangers. It is necessary to start training at an early age; train the puppy persistently, but at the same time gently. These dogs are absolutely not adapted to life in the city. They require space, regular walking and exercise. These large, athletic dogs are a formidable opponent for any predator. Pets are calm and balanced, but at the same time fearless and do not hesitate to react to the slightest danger, which makes them exceptional watchdogs. They are intelligent, loyal, loyal and affectionate to those they know, but wary of strangers.

Molossians are dogs of one owner. Large and strong, willful and smart, and sometimes even fearless, evoke mixed feelings in people. Some admire them, others fear them.

As a rule, the height of Molossians is not lower than 60 cm; the height of some Molossian dogs reaches 95 cm! The ears are drooping, the head is massive, the jaws are powerful with hanging skin. A tired-wise look. In cynology, the definition “molossoid” is used for such dogs.

Among the characteristics of dogs from the Molosser group are the ability to withstand high physical activity, and they also have a low pain threshold. Problems may arise during training, since Molossians are considered stubborn and not prone to training.

The Molossian dog recognizes only the person who has raised it since childhood. They make good guard dogs. Their behavior can be described as calm and noble. They are brave, know how to control their power and will never show aggression without reason.

Molosser group

Dog handlers still cannot decide who the ancestor of the Molossian dogs was. Most scientists agree that they descended from Tibetan dogs that acclimatized on Greek territory. Another version is that the breed group originated from Caucasian and Central Asian shepherd dogs, similar in appearance to the Tibetan mastiff.

The Molossians received their unusual name in honor of the family of rulers of the Empire (the territory of Ioannina in modern Greece). In ancient times they were used as a military weapon. Equipped with armor, a pack of dogs burst into the enemy’s ranks, causing irreparable damage.

By the way, mention of the ancient Molossians is found in the manuscripts of Aristotle, Homer and Aesop. In Greek mythology, dogs of the Molossian group are also repeatedly described. Some historians claim that these animals took part in the campaign through the Alps with Hannibal.

At the end of the 20th century, on the territory of the USSR, they tried to use Molossians as service dogs. This experiment failed. The dogs were good at finding the scent, defending the territory, and adapting to any weather conditions, but they only recognized people who were able to prove their leadership and gain respect. This approach was impossible in service nurseries. The work required docile dogs that could easily tolerate changes in ownership.

Due to their highly developed leadership, the Molosser group of dogs is completely unsuitable for beginners. In the wrong hands, these dogs pose a danger to the owner and society.

Situations often occur when dogs from the Molosser group are bred to guard country estates, while devoting little time to training and establishing relationships with the dog.

The expression: “Feeding with a shovel” becomes not a metaphor, but a reality. This is especially true for Caucasian Shepherd dogs, which are popular today.

Without constant communication with humans, Molossian dogs become aggressive and uncontrollable. Chains and small enclosures further aggravate the situation.

A dog raised under constant restrictions can rarely be convinced and corrected. The above situation proves that illiterate handling of Molossians is dangerous.

If the owner understands animal psychology and has a strong character, then it is difficult to find a better friend than Molossian dogs.

What is the largest dog in the world?

World leadership today belongs to the English mastiff named Hercules, born in England. His height is 94 cm and his weight is more than 150 kg!

Molosser dog breeds

Molossian dog breeds belong to Group 2 of the Fédération Cynologique Internationale classification.

Officially, Molosser breeds are divided into:

• Great Danes (Dogo Argentino, Dogo Canada, Cane Corso, German Boxer, Rottweiler, etc.);
• mountain dogs (Tibetan Mastiff, Central Asian Shepherd Dog, Caucasian Shepherd Dog, Newfoundland, Spanish Mastiff, Hovawart, Gampire, American Bandog).

Great Danes are lighter, the muzzle is slightly oblong. They were often used as shepherds. Heavy, mountain dogs, more powerful and strong. Fans refer to these dogs as the classic Molossian type.

The true Molossian dog breeds are considered to be:

• Bull Mastiff
• Mastino-Napoletano
• Espanol Mastin
• Fila Brasileiro
• Dogue de Bordeaux
• Tosa Inu

You can study detailed articles with photographs, names and breed standards of Molossians in this section.

Jared Houser from Salt Lake City (USA) is raising a unique puppy - the breeders managed to recreate an ancient breed of especially large animals that became extinct about 7 thousand years ago. This is an American Molosser puppy named Euphrates. At 9 months old, the “baby” weighs 82 kilograms with a height of more than 180 centimeters and about 80 cm at the withers!
“He is very affectionate and friendly,” the owners assure. Well, I really want to believe them...

Euphrates eats eight standard servings of dog food per day. He belongs to the American Molosser breed, recently bred in memory of the Mesopotamian Molosser, the large ancestor of modern dogs that went extinct about 7,000 years ago. The owners are sure that Euphrates is the largest puppy in the world. “There’s nothing like this anywhere else, we’re sure,” says Euphrates owner, 41-year-old Jared Houser.

On Euphrates Street they are greeted with surprised glances, says Hauser. No one believes that this is not an adult dog, but just a puppy. Since the American Molosser is still a new breed, no one knows exactly how much longer the puppy will grow. “He’s just incredibly huge,” says Hauser. “Even now, standing on his hind legs, he can calmly look through the peephole.”

According to Hauser, the Euphrates, in addition to its size, is also distinguished by its incredible strength.

“He’s very strong,” says Hauser. “I’m a big man, but if we’re walking down the street and Evrat suddenly decides to yank on the leash, he can easily knock me over and drag me along with him.”

However, the power of the Euphrates does not seem so surprising if we remember that its closest genetic ancestor, the Mesopotamian Molossian, according to historians, was a fighting dog and was used in military battles.

Looking at Euphrates, it’s hard to believe that this is not an adult dog, but just a nine-month-old puppy.

Recently, representatives of the Guinness Book of Records confirmed that Eurat is the largest puppy in the world.

"When people see us out and about, they often ask, 'Are you a lion tamer by profession?'" Hauser smiles.

Euphrates was the largest puppy in the litter. Twice already he had growth spurts, when in a short time he became noticeably larger. “He grew literally before our eyes,” says Hauser. “True, at these moments he became terribly clumsy.”

Today the cost of an American Molosser puppy is about $5,000. It was for this sum that Hauser acquired his pet.

Houser decided to get a really large dog after surviving a home robbery during which a powerful burglar simply threw a large adult Cane Corso dog out of the window. His search led him to American Molosser breeders. Houser became one of the first owners of a new breed of puppy.

At 4.5 months, Euphrates already weighed 60 kilograms.

Every day the giant puppy eats 8 standard servings of dog food.

According to Hauser, the American Molosser is extremely loyal to its owner and, with its great strength, is able to protect him from any person or animal that threatens him.

In addition to the Mesopotamian Molossians, the ancestors of the new breed include the English and Neapolitan mastiffs. However, according to the breeders, in appearance these dogs are an exact copy of their ancient ancestors - the Mesopotamian Molossians.

“Euphrates is a very affectionate and friendly dog,” says Hauser. “In public, he is ready to demonstrate his friendliness to everyone. He especially favors women and children. However, he is an excellent protector. Thanks to Euphrates, we are the only family in the area whose "Thieves have never tried to break into a car or a house."

A dog is one of the most beloved pets. A person who decides to have a pet sometimes gets lost in the huge number of breeds. A breed refers to a specific group of dogs that are similar in appearance. All individuals within a breed carry genetic characteristics from the parent animal. Breeds are not the result of evolution, but “the work of man,” who bred many breeds for his own purposes.

All dog breeds belong to the subspecies Canis lupus familiaris, which, in turn, stands out from the species of wolves of the canine family. The characteristic features of each breed are obtained as a result of selection. It is worth noting that dog breeds are not a category recognized by biological classification.

Interesting! The concept of breed does not apply to wild animals. It is correlated with the concept of subspecies, race, population in the classification of wild relatives of dogs.

All dog breeds have the following traits:

• the composition of each breed is a certain number of individual animals that pass on morphological and beneficial properties for humans from generation to generation;
• dogs of the same breed are similar to each other in appearance and behavior, since they are descendants of the same set of ancestors that were artificially selected by humans during the selection process;
• A dog's belonging to its breed is confirmed through genetic analysis or through a written record of its origin. Stud books are the name given to records kept by organizations, dog lovers clubs or individuals;
• A dog breed is the result of animal domestication by humans. By working on a breed, a person can change it in the desired direction.

There are about 400 dog breeds on the globe. The number of animals within the breed is very diverse. There are breeds with a huge number of dogs distributed throughout the world, for example, German Shepherds, Yorkshire Terriers, Chihuahuas. There are breeds that can number several dozen individuals, or dogs that are popular only in a certain area. So, Tibetan mastiffs You rarely meet acquaintances or friends on the streets or as pets. These animals guard monasteries in Tibet. A Portuguese water dog rarely seen even in Portugal. At the beginning of the last century, this breed was even on the verge of extinction, but thanks to the enthusiasm of one Portuguese businessman, a breeding program began.

What is a native dog breed?

An important condition for identifying a breed is its recognition by any canine service or dog lovers club. But there are groups of dogs for which no targeted breeding work has been carried out. These are the so-called natural, native dog breeds.

The appearance of their specific characteristics of exterior and behavior became possible due to the action of specific environmental conditions that influence them over a long period of time. The difference between these breeds is that they are not officially registered and documented, and are identified only by external signs and functions. Some native breeds have been recognized by canine organizations over time. This happened with the breed " alabai": she ceased to be aboriginal when she was recognized by dog ​​handlers as “ Central asian shepherd dog" This is one of the most ancient breeds that arose as a result of unconscious natural selection of folk selection. Alabai dogs appeared 4 thousand years ago and served to protect livestock and houses.

What distinguishes native dog breeds?

• some experts note in similar breeds the absence of such traits as adaptation to urban conditions and sexual dimorphism (external anatomical differences between males and females);
• the greatest genetic diversity and minimal corruption by human intervention is an advantage over selective breeds. The loss of genetic diversity has played a cruel joke on breeds that have been subjected to strong selection. Hereditary diseases and defects at the genetic level are one of their recognized problems.

Classification of breeds. Photos of dogs as evidence of the diversity of breeds

The classification of dog breeds is based on similarities in appearance and functions. After domestication, the first dogs helped humans in hunting and guarding homes. Guard and hunting breeds appeared earlier than decorative ones.

In modern times, the division into groups: guard, hunting and decorative is conditional. Thus, many hunting dogs have long become pets, that is, they perform a decorative function. And some hunting breeds are used, for example, in the social sphere or in the police.

The Fédération Cynologique Internationale divides the existing 400 dog breeds into 10 groups. Specialists of the Russian Cynological Federation, which is a member of the IFF, adhere to the same principle.

• Group 1. Sheepdogs and cattle dogs with the exception of Swiss cattle dogs

Representatives of these breeds are intended to guard livestock. The first herding dogs appeared in the nomadic tribes of Asia. Their main function was to protect livestock from wild animals. After dog breeds became known in Europe, residents of Western countries decided to improve the breeds. So, collie dogs provide assistance not only in pastures, but can also look after children.

• Group 2. Pinscher, Schnauzer, Molosser, Swiss Cattle Dog

This is a large and diverse group that includes dogs that perform security and combat functions. Molossians (Mastiffs and Great Danes) were used as bodyguards.

• Group 3. Terriers

The band's name comes from the Latin word terra, meaning "earth". It reflects the specificity of the breeds in this group: they are intended for hunting underground, in burrows. Conventionally, all breeds of the 3rd group can be divided into 4 sections:

• toy terriers, literally toy terriers;
• small bull terriers;
• medium and large terriers.

Within one group there is a wide variety of sizes. Thus, Airedale terriers, not for nothing called the kings of terriers, have a height at the withers of up to 60 cm, and the Yorkshire terrier is distinguished by its tiny size, giving it a resemblance to house slippers.

All representatives of the Terrier group, despite their size, are characterized by incredible selflessness in the hunt, passion and perseverance in the face of opponents larger than them in size.

• Group 4. Dachshunds

The word "dachshund" means "badger dog" in German. The breed began to be bred in the 16th century in Germany. Within the group, there are three sections of dachshunds: standard, miniature, and rabbit. According to the characteristics of the coat, short-haired, wire-haired and long-haired individuals are distinguished.

Brave, independent, with protective qualities - these are the epithets that can be applied to the dachshund. It is indispensable when hunting badgers, foxes and raccoons.

• Group 5. Spitz and primitive breeds

The large group includes northern guard and herding dogs, northern hunting and sled dogs, Asian and European Spitz dogs. The group also includes 3 sections of primitive dogs, which are quite rare, for example, the Thai Ridgeback, the Podenco and the Canaan dog.

• Group 6. Hounds and related breeds

The group includes a large number of hunting breeds, the main purpose of which is to find the trail of game and pursue until the pursued object is exhausted and until the owner catches up with it.

Hounds are characterized by loyalty, persistence in pursuit, loud barking, good scent and obedience.

• Group 7. Pointing dogs

The group includes:

• island pointers, for example, English breeds: pointers, setters, Irish and Scottish setters;
• continental. They are characterized by their origin in a specific country. Thus, in France there are 12 breeds of pointers, and in Germany – 8 breeds. In Russia, the most famous and widespread breeds are the German Shorthaired Pointer and Drathaar, the Hungarian Vizsla and Pointing Dog, and the Epaniol Breton.

The purpose of pointing dogs is to help in hunting and detecting game birds. All cops have a dry, strong constitution, have an average height of up to 70 cm, with drooping ears.

• Group 8. Retrievers, spaniels and water dogs

One of the most famous retrievers in the world is the Labrador Retriever. He, along with the Golden Retriever, Flat-Coated Retriever, Chesabick Bay Retriever and Curly-Coated Retriever make up the 1st section of the group. The group also includes spaniels: German, American cocker, Clumber spaniel, Sussex spaniel (section 2). Section 3 consists of Lagotto Romagnolo (Italian water dog). It is worth noting that the Russian hunting spaniel is not recognized by the FCI.

Dogs of these breeds are designed to bring killed game from the water to their owners.

• Group 9. Toy and companion dogs

It includes dogs of small stature and characterized by a strong attachment to humans. Among them: pugs, bichons, lapdogs, poodles, chihuahuas, Pekingese, Japanese chins. Each country can boast of breeds of decorative dogs bred there.

These breeds are not intended for official purposes; their main task is to brighten up the leisure time of their owners, delight them and give positive emotions.

• Group 10. Greyhounds

Greyhound dog breeds include hunting hunting animals intended for unarmed hunting: Saluki, Afghan Hound, Irish Wolfhound, Spanish Greyhound, Polish Greyhound.

They are distinguished by dry muscles, thin legs, a long body, and a long sharp muzzle. They can pursue prey for a long time: ungulates, wolves, hares, foxes - in open areas due to their endurance and high running speed.

In modern times, when hound hunting is rare, greyhounds take part in competitions, for example, chasing mechanical hares.

In the photos of all dog breeds presented on the site, you can get acquainted with all the diversity of the wonderful world of dogs.

Dogs that no longer exist September 14th, 2014

Why are domestic dog breeds disappearing? Some breeds are crossed with others, and as a result, new dogs are born that are more suitable for fashion or certain tasks. Or they are destroyed by predators (including humans). Or breeders are losing interest in the breed. Be that as it may, dog breeds are disappearing all the time.

Here are examples of dogs that no longer exist.

1. Kuri

© www.easypetmd.com

Kuri was introduced to New Zealand in the 14th century. Most likely, they came from Polynesia. They say that these dogs were adored by Maori women, but other people disliked them.

“They were treacherous dogs, they often bit us,” wrote the Frenchman Julien-Marie Crozet, who arrived in New Zealand on an expedition in 1771.

Kuris are often described as ugly dogs with a poor sense of smell. Eventually the breed fell out of favor and became extinct. Eh, smoke-smoke! Your short legs and biting teeth were too good for this world!

2. Talbot

© www.dogwallpapers.net

In the Middle Ages, these snow-white sniffer dogs were so highly valued that many families specifically bred them to enhance their status. According to some historians, the breed was brought to England by William the Conqueror in 1066. These dogs were slow, but loyal, had an excellent sense of smell and often acted as fighting and service dogs. The Talbots died out around the 16th century, but today their distant descendants, the Beagles, are alive and well.

3. Molosser

Molossians were large dogs favored by the Greeks and Romans. It was the Molossians who were the ancestors of modern mastiffs, St. Bernards, Great Danes and other similar dogs (now they are called “Molossians”). It is believed that Molossians helped people in hunting, reindeer herding and wrestling: as a rule, one dog was trained for one activity.
Ancient historians mentioned the Molossians. Aristotle, who loved dogs, wrote about this breed in his treatise “The History of Animals”:

“Dogs of the Molosser breed are exactly the same hounds as all other dogs, no better and no worse, but the shepherd dogs of this breed are superior to others in size and the courage with which they rush to attack.”

4. Cordoba fighting dog

© Wikimedia

This ruthless, powerful cross between a mastiff, a bull terrier and a bulldog was used in Argentina for dog fighting. But the breed turned out to be too “ideal”: instead of mating, males and females found something more interesting to do - they tried to tear each other apart. Eventually the breed became extinct.

5. Paisley Terrier

© Wikimedia

Paisley Terriers were a show variant of the Skye Terrier. Gradually they became extinct because the demand for them at exhibitions waned. Well, no one said show business was easy.

6. Dupuy's marriage

© Wikimedia

This French hunting breed was first developed in the 19th century, but although many similar dogs can be found today, the original breed no longer exists.

7. St. John's Water Dog

© www.retrieverman.net

These friendly, clumsy lumps lived in Newfoundland. They were often exported from the island, and later breeders developed various breeds of retrievers based on them, for example, golden retrievers and Labradors. The original breed slowly died out, and in the 20th century only two of its representatives remained. Unfortunately, both were males - that was the end for St. John's Water Dogs as a breed. They remain only in photographs.

8. Bullenbeiser

These rude and slightly grumpy German bulldogs sank into oblivion after their relatives, boxers, appeared.

9. Coton de Runea

© www.mentalfloss.com

According to legend, these adorable furry dogs survived a shipwreck in the Indian Ocean, fought off sharks, swam to the shores of Madagascar and began interbreeding with local street dogs. This is how the Coton de Tulear breed appeared.