How Valentina Tereshkova’s daughter lives - her biography, personal life and interesting information with photos in our article. This year, the first female cosmonaut, Valentina Tereshkova, turned 80 years old. As part of this significant date, we dedicated a number of articles not only to Valentina herself, but also to her only daughter.
Today we will talk about how her personal life developed, and also reveal several secrets of her birth.
Elena Tereshkova: photo
Marriage of Tereshkova and Nikolaev
Marriages are made in heaven. Or in space. In the case of Nikolaev and Tereshkova, everything was practically the same. The couple were astronauts.
Many people believe that their marriage is not real. It's all because of politics. The astronauts were supposed to be an example for their compatriots.
Valentina Tereshkova and Andrian Nikolaev at the wedding celebration
Accordingly, they should have complete order in their personal lives. However, the spouses themselves do not think so. They really got married on their own initiative. As well as on their own initiative, they divorced.
The wedding of Tereshkova and Nikolaev took place in 1963. A year later their daughter was born.
Elena Tereshkova in childhood with her parents
Valentina got married for the second time. Her marriage to her second husband lasted 20 years. In 1999, her second husband Yuli Shaposhnikov died.
If not for the circumstances, Tereshkova would still be married. Unlike Andarian, she loved Julia more strongly.
The secret of the birth of daughter Tereshkova
The birth of a daughter to the “heavenly family” of Tereshkova and Nikolaev was accompanied by a wide variety of fictions. Naturally, parental glory is to blame for everything.
The most incredible rumors circulated. As if the girl was born blind or deaf. Some said that she had 6 fingers. According to others, Tereshkova’s daughter had 3 arms. Naturally, the cosmic pressures of the parents were to blame for everything.
Elena as a child with her mother Valentina Tereshkova
Of course, the girl was born completely normal - without the pathologies described above. Although pregnancy was really difficult for Tereshkova. Throughout her childhood, Elena (as the star family named their daughter) was under the supervision of medical personnel.
It is possible that health problems during pregnancy were really related to the flight, since Tereshkova did not endure it so easily - the woman was constantly vomiting. In addition, she experienced general weakness.
Elena Andrianova Tereshkova
Elena's childhood and youth
Before revealing the secrets of the personal life of Valentina Tereshkova’s daughter, let’s delve into her biography. Friends and relatives of Tereshkova believe that she returned from space a different person - she was struck by star fever. If it weren't for Valentina's mother, little Lena would have been left to her own devices.
Tereshkova’s daughter graduated from school with excellent marks. After that, she entered medical school. After graduating, the girl devoted herself to work at CITO.
Elena Tereshkova now
After her parents’ divorce, Valentina Tereshkova’s daughter changed her last name. Initially she was Nikolaeva. Afterwards, she took her mother’s surname.
Elena's first husband was pilot Igor Mayorov. The lovers had a son, Alexey. However, the marriage with Mayorov did not last long. Soon she married pilot Andrei Rodionov. They had a son. He was named the same as his father - Andrei.
What did the ex-husband of Tereshkova’s daughter say?
The biography and personal life of Valentina Tereshkova’s daughter was often discussed in the press. Her ex-husband gave several interviews about life with Elena. He says the mother-daughter relationship was very difficult. Tereshkova did not pay attention to Elena.
Elena Tereshkova with her mother Valentina Tereshkova, husband and sons
Igor says that Elena changed her last name only because her mother needed it. Although Tereshkova Jr. herself was afraid that her father would be very offended by her for this. And so it was. Of course, now the resentment has passed.
Elena's father Andriyan told Igor that Tereshkova forbade him to communicate with his daughter. It was only when Elena got married that they were finally able to reunite family ties.
The daughter of Valentina Tereshkova (biography, personal life and photos, see above) has gone through multifaceted paths...
Valentina Tereshkova is the first woman to go into space. To this day, she remains the only woman in the world to go on a space flight alone, without assistants or partners. She also became the first woman in Russia to be awarded the rank of major general. It was in this rank that Tereshkova retired in 1997, at the age of sixty. Valentina Tereshkova forever inscribed her name in the history of the Soviet Union, Russia and the whole world.
Childhood and youth
The biography of this woman begins in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl region. Valentina's parents came from Belarusian peasants. The mother of the future space explorer worked at a textile factory, and her father was a tractor driver. He took part in battles during the Soviet-Finnish War and died.
Young Tereshkova attended the Yaroslavl school, received high grades, and also learned to play the dombra (the girl had a good ear for music). Having completed her basic seven-year school education, she decided to help her mother support the family and got a job as a bracelet maker at the Yaroslavl Tire Factory. However, the purposeful girl did not intend to give up education: she combined work with studying at evening school.
The next stage of Valentina Vladimirovna’s life also did not foretell the heights that she was to achieve. So, she studied in absentia at a technical school for light industry and worked for seven years as a weaver at a nearby plant called “Red Perekop”. At this time, Tereshkova began to get involved in parachuting. She enjoyed going to the local flying club and fearlessly jumped from great heights.
Cosmonautics
Valentina's new hobby sealed her fate. By a happy coincidence, just at that time, a Soviet scientist was inspired by the idea of sending a woman into space. The idea was received favorably, and at the beginning of 1962, the search began for that representative of the fair sex who was to receive the proud title of “cosmonaut”. The criteria were as follows: a parachutist under the age of 30, weighing up to 70 kg, height up to 170 cm.
There were surprisingly many Soviet women who wanted to go into space. Workers in the Soviet space industry were looking for the ideal candidate from hundreds of candidates. As a result of a tough selection, five “finalists” were identified: Irina Solovyova, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Zhanna Yorkina, Valentina Ponomareva and Valentina Tereshkova.
The girls were officially drafted into military service, received the rank of privates and began to train hard. Initially, Tereshkova completed the training program as a student-cosmonaut of the second detachment, but already in 1962, having successfully passed the exams, she became a cosmonaut of the first detachment of the first department.
The training included techniques to develop the body's resistance to the peculiarities of space flight. For example, girls learned to move in weightlessness, tested the body’s resources in a thermal chamber and a sound chamber, performed parachute training, and mastered the use of a spacesuit. The training in a soundproof chamber (a room isolated from external sounds) lasted for 10 days. Each of the five contenders for the role of the first female cosmonaut spent 10 days in the illusion of complete silence and loneliness.
When choosing the applicant who was to make the planned flight, the following were taken into account:
- completion of training, level of practical training, knowledge of theory, results of medical examinations;
- origin (the fact that Valentina Vladimirovna came from a simple working-class family that lost its breadwinner during the war played into her hands);
- the ability to conduct public activities, glorifying the Communist Party.
If in the first two points other candidates were not inferior to Tereshkova, then in public speaking skills she had no equal. Valentina Vladimirovna easily communicated with journalists and other people, gave laconic and natural answers to questions, and did not forget to add a few words about the greatness of the Communist Party. She was eventually chosen as the leading candidate to fly into space. Irina Solovyova received the status of backup cosmonaut, and Valentina Ponomareva was appointed as a reserve candidate.
A space flight
The first woman went into space on June 16, 1963. The flight lasted 3 days. Valentina Tereshkova went into space on the Vostok-6 spacecraft, which took off from Baikonur (not from the site from which it launched, but from a duplicate one). The way the first female cosmonaut conducted the launch and the reports she gave were highly appreciated by experts. They assured that Tereshkova performed the launch better than experienced male cosmonauts.
Soon after the launch, Tereshkova’s health deteriorated; she moved little, did not eat, and sluggishly negotiated with ground stations. Nevertheless, she survived for three days, 48 revolutions around the Earth, and regularly kept a logbook throughout the flight.
Some time before the expected landing, the first female astronaut had problems with the equipment of the spacecraft. Due to improper installation of control wires, Valentina Tereshkova did not orient the ship manually. However, Cosmos 6 was nevertheless oriented and landed on the Earth’s surface thanks to the use of automatic mode, in which such a problem did not arise.
At the end of the flight (the ship arrived in the Altai Territory), Valentina Vladimirovna distributed food from her diet to local residents, and she herself ate the traditional food of these places. This, as well as Tereshkova’s poor health, as well as problems with the orientation of the ship, upset Sergei Korolev. He even promised not to let any more women into space until his death. The next similar flight occurred long after the gifted engineer passed away.
Subsequent career
Since then, Valentina Tereshkova has no longer flown into space. She became an astronaut instructor, worked at the Cosmonaut Training Center as a senior researcher, and even graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy, becoming a professor and writing over five dozen scientific papers. Valentina Vladimirovna stated that she was ready (for a one-way flight).
Tereshkova continues to be involved in politics. During the Soviet Union, she was a member of the CPSU, and in the 2000s she was elected as a deputy of the regional Duma of her native Yaroslavl region from the United Russia party. She also participated in the opening ceremony of the 2014 Sochi Olympic Games, became president of the Memory of Generations charity foundation, and contributed to the opening of a university and a number of other institutions in Yaroslavl.
Personal life
The first husband of the first female cosmonaut was cosmonaut Adriyan Nikolaev. The wedding ceremony took place in 1963, and the guests of this ceremony can be seen in the photo. The family broke up in 1982, when the daughter of Adriyan and Valentina, Elena Tereshkova, turned 18 years old. Subsequently, Tereshkova admitted that among close people her husband showed himself to be a despot, which is why their relationship came to naught.
Valentina Vladimirovna’s second husband was Major General of the Medical Service Yuli Shaposhnikov. No children were born in this marriage. But Elena Tereshkova gave her mother grandchildren Alexei Mayorov and Andrei Rodionov. It is noteworthy that both of Elena’s husbands turned out to be pilots. The only heir of Valentina Tereshkova works at the CITO as an orthopedic surgeon.
Valentina Vladimirovna celebrated her 80th birthday on March 6, 2017. She is a retired major general, spends a lot of time with her family, and also continues to pursue a political career. So, in 2016, during the next parliamentary elections, Tereshkova was elected to the State Duma. The first female cosmonaut loves her native region very much, strives to help the Yaroslavl orphanage, her native school, improve the city and help open new educational, industrial, and infrastructure institutions in it.
Despite her retirement age, Valentina Tereshkova can boast of good health. In 2004, she underwent complex heart surgery because otherwise she would have suffered a heart attack. Since then, no serious health problems have been reported about Valentina Vladimirovna, and based on her active work activity, we can conclude that they are absent.
- To increase the motivation of the five girls who were contenders for the role of the first female cosmonaut, Sergei Korolev promised that all of them, sooner or later, would fly into space. In reality this did not happen.
- Initially, it was planned to simultaneously send two women on different spacecraft, but in 1963 this plan was abandoned. Two days before Valentina Tereshkova’s flight, Valery Bykovsky went into space on the Vostok-5 spacecraft. He spent 5 days outside our planet. This is a single flight record that still stands to this day.
- The newsreels that were shown to the Soviet people and the whole world were staged. They were re-shot a day after Valentina Vladimirovna’s actual arrival on Earth, since in the first hours after her return she felt very bad and was hospitalized.
Personal life of daughter Tereshkova
"Santa Barbara" rests next to such passions!
Dear Sirs! The other day I watched the film on ORT “The Personal Life of Valentina Tereshkova.” The film is interesting. I was sincerely interested in the footage where a certain man, not identified by his first and last name, twirls Tereshkova’s grandson Alyosha by the arms. The footage was accompanied by the voice of Kirill Lavrov: “Tereshkova’s daughter has been happily married for a long time.” The question arises: how long ago is this? And why didn't you introduce your husband? Here’s why: in this very man, apparently meant as a husband, I recognized Andrei Rodionov, a man with whom I have known for more than a quarter of a century (since I was ten) and who was my sister’s husband for 20 years. Before his divorce from his sister, this is how he liked to have fun with his nephew, my son.
Unfortunately, my sister - Elena Rodionova - unwittingly crossed paths with Elena Mayorova (daughter of V. Tereshkova) in such a “Santa Barbara”, what’s wrong with the mentioned series! If I hadn’t witnessed what happened, I would never have believed it! Life, it turns out, presents stories that no screenwriter would ever dream of!
Therefore, I am breaking the story into series, keeping in mind a possible continuation of the film “The Personal Life of Valentina Tereshkova”, at least under the working title “The Personal Life of Tereshkova’s Daughter.”
Natalia Egorova
Episode 1 Happy Soviet childhood
A simple Soviet family lives (cosmonauts Tereshkova and Nikolaev), having given birth to a daughter, Elena, who eats poorly (still), but listens a lot and absorbs her mother’s model of behavior. After some time, the parents get divorced, and the mother tries to prevent the father from seeing his daughter - a common situation. Elena's parents have long been friends with the family of Professor Shaposhnikov, from where after some time V. Tereshkova takes the professor away (Tereshkova's daughter tells her ex-husband) and lives happily ever after with him. My daughter grows up and enters medical school. A certain Greek (but kind!) millionaire tried to rid medicine of future doctors by offering Elena as much as a million dollars for a transfer to MGIMO. But for some reason the deal fell through, Elena graduated from the institute. Mom got her daughter a job at CITO under the supervision of Shaposhnikov (where after a while Elena was forbidden to stay on night shifts and generally began to be brought to work in a company car and taken from work in the same car - just in case).
We show at the time Elena graduated from medical institute the life of another simple Soviet family - its head is the former chief of the 235th government aviation squadron, the former personal pilot of Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko and Gorbachev, Major General of Aviation Alexey Grigorievich Mayorov, who at that moment was the representative of Aeroflot in Stockholm. They say that without A.G. Mayorov at the helm, Raisa Maksimovna Gorbacheva refused to fly at all. Alexey Grigorievich and his wife Lidia Ivanovna Mayorov have an adult son, Igor, who graduated from an aviation institute and flight school and works as a pilot at Sheremetyevo. It should be noted that there was a certain social difference between the Tereshkova and Mayorov families. Well, Tereshkova’s biography is known - her merits are great, she is a universal idol, several generations were raised by her example. Elena, born into the family of the first female astronaut, was personally sent diapers by Queen Elizabeth II. Igor was born into the family of an IL-14 co-pilot; the Mayorov family received their first apartment when Igor entered 2nd grade. Alexey Grigorievich Mayorov spent many years achieving his position in aviation, so Igor did not acquire the habits of the “golden youth”.
One day Elena Tereshkova accidentally saw Igor Mayorov. This is where it started! It’s hard to say what motivated her - it happened in 1990, by that time the young lady was exactly 26 years old, it’s quite possible that she couldn’t bear to get married, and she might have liked Igor: a handsome pilot with a future, from a good family.
In any case, Elena launched an unprecedented attack on Igor. She began to look for mutual acquaintances - and, naturally, they were found. Igor knew that they were trying to get to know him, but he dodged as best he could, realizing that the family’s starting conditions were different. Once, when Igor, barely alive from fatigue, returned from a flight in the evening, a nice company of acquaintances was already waiting for him in the kitchen of his parents’ apartment, and at the entrance stood Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova’s black service Volga, bristling with antennas, in which sat a stranger who introduced herself as Elena, her daughter Valentina Tereshkova. Taking advantage of Igor’s stupor and fatigue, they shoved him into a Volga and took him to Star City for an excursion to the local museum, which was even opened at night for the occasion.
The siege of the younger Mayorov was carried out according to all the rules of fortification art. The next assault was followed by a lull, then a new onslaught followed. The situation was aggravated by the fact that Igor was 31 years old at that time, and being single at that age for a pilot of international flights is not good, as the detachment’s leadership increasingly reminded him of. And parents dreamed of grandchildren.
Igor, attacked from all sides, tried to warn the young lady that the attributes of “high life” (receptions at embassies, Mercedes, villas, etc.)
) are of little interest to him. The last straw was Elena’s complaints about the tyranny of her mother, who even allows herself to let go of her hands (“her mother hit her in the face so hard that the earrings flew out of her ears”). And in general, if Igor does not marry her, all she can do is hang herself.
In October 1992, Elena, taking only the necessary personal belongings, runs away from her mother to Igor, they hide in the dachas of friends - they wait for V. Tereshkova to cool down. The latter, in an attempt to return her daughter, calls A.G. Mayorov in Stockholm and rashly threatens to put Igor in prison, since he allegedly introduced her daughter to drugs and robbed her apartment.
Having decided that the young lady at the age of 28 is probably ripe for family life, tired of the attacks from her superiors and, in addition, feeling sorry for “Cinderella with her living mother,” Igor still marries Elena Tereshkova (now Mayorova). A modest wedding took place on November 28, 1992 in the apartment of Igor’s parents, only 12 people were present, including the newlyweds. Elena’s mother, V. Tereshkova, was not at the wedding.
Somehow, Elena, almost by mail, quits CITO (it is clear that her way there is now closed), sits without work for a year, until Alexey Grigorievich gets her a job at the Aeroflot medical center on Sokol as a flight squad doctor - a high salary plus 4 guaranteed business trips abroad per year (possibly with your husband).
Elena was lucky: Alexey Grigorievich, who had dreamed of a daughter all his life, gladly received her, at least in the form of a daughter-in-law. A young married couple has “the whole world in their pocket”: fur coats, cars, Australia, France, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Malta, Cyprus, Indonesia, UAE, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and a three-room apartment in the south-west of Moscow (carefully left young, like everything else, by Alexei Grigorievich Mayorov). At the same time, Igor also earns good money.
The young couple had already seen enough of the world, and in 1995 their son Alyosha was born, named after his pilot grandfather. Grandfather is happy. Now it’s not the Queen of England who sends diapers for Alyosha, but still the Swedish princess. Everything else (which the princess did not guess) necessary for her grandson is brought from Stockholm, where the grandfather was then working.
The relationship between Elena Mayorova (and her son-in-law too, this is understandable) with V. Tereshkova completely ceased - both parties did not want to know about each other for 7 years, and she did not see her now “adored” grandson Tereshkova until the latter was 4 years old.
The whole world in your pocket: Australia... |
True, Alexey Grigorievich insisted that Elena make peace with her mother, but she declared every time (especially after the birth of her son): “My mother will never see her grandson as well as her own ears.” However, this does not matter, because there is another loving grandmother - Lidia Ivanovna.
Tereshkova’s daughter, the recently modest Elena, who came to the Mayorov family, resumes her craving for jewelry, expensive fur coats and cars. Slowly, meanwhile, the newlyweds’ relationship is going wrong, Elena’s mother’s commanding nature awakens (in addition to greed), and Igor increasingly prefers to spend his free time in the garage, for which he is severely criticized by his wife.
End of the first episode.
Episode 2. Hungry Soviet childhood and stone toys
Moscow, 60s, Sretenka, apartment not in need of renovation. Andrei Rodionov and his mother grow up in it and dream about the future. Andrey's dad left his family for another woman when his son was 5 years old. Then he returned several times, so Andrei did not particularly notice his absence. When the boy was 15 years old, his parents remarried, giving birth to another son. Then the pattern repeated itself - when Rodion, Andrei’s younger brother, was 5 years old, his parents separated again. Andrei's father married a young lady who bore him two children, but fate was not kind to the young lady - Andrei's father died in a car accident. The fate of Andrei’s mother also did not work out. At the age of about 38, she got together with a former family friend and gave birth to a daughter, Anya, who is a year younger than my niece. They live very poorly.
Andrei knows that in this life he can only count on himself, so he enters the Aktobe Flight School, graduates from it and receives an assignment to Lipetsk. But since school he has been friends with my sister Elena, whom he marries. Here, naturally, our dad, who at that time served in the Main Personnel Directorate of the Ministry of Defense in a considerable rank, makes a couple of calls, and his son-in-law immediately turns out to be a pilot of a geodetic aviation squad based in Myachkovo, near Moscow. Then he becomes a civil aviation pilot at Domodedovo. The young couple gives birth to a daughter, Ira. Everyone is happy.
November 28, 1992 Registry office on the corner of Leninsky Prospect and st. Lobachevsky. Wedding of Igor Mayorov and Elena, daughter of Tereshkova |
But difficult times are coming, Andrey is simultaneously trying to do business to feed his family. However, the business ends, and all that remains for Andrei is a used BMW and a garage. True, Andrei’s mother, who at one time worked in the housing office on Sretenka, helps with the apartment, having carried out some kind of operation, so the newlyweds are doing well with housing - a three-room apartment on Sokol. They lived like that for twenty years. It happened differently. In recent years, pilots have been paid little, so my sister received a significant portion of the earnings. Andrey, we must give him his due, tried: he became the commander of the ship at Domodedovo, and then (albeit with a demotion) made his way to co-pilot at Sheremetyevo. As usual, my whole family helped him with this, and this time it’s hard to say whether he got there himself or whether requests helped him, or maybe both.
And Igor Mayorov and Andrei Rodionov did not know not only that their destinies would intersect, but they simply did not know each other - there were still many pilots at Sheremetyevo.
End of the second series.
Ending in the next issue.
Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova. Born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo, Tutaevsky district, Yaroslavl region. Soviet cosmonaut No. 6, 10th cosmonaut in the world, the world's first female cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union (1963).
Valentina Tereshkova was born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo, Tutaevsky district, Yaroslavl region, into a peasant family.
Father - Vladimir Aksenovich Tereshkov (1912-1940), born in the village of Vyylovo, Belynichi district, Mogilev region, tractor driver. In 1939 he was drafted into the Red Army and died in the Soviet-Finnish War.
Mother - Elena Fedorovna Tereshkova (nee Kruglova) (1913-1987), originally from the village of Eremeevshchina, Dubrovensky district, worked at a textile factory.
Older sister - Lyudmila. Younger brother - Vladimir.
Russian by nationality.
After the war, the family moved to Yaroslavl, where the mother began working as a weaver.
In 1945, Valentina entered secondary school No. 32 in the city of Yaroslavl (now named after Tereshkova).
Since childhood, she demonstrated a good ear for music and learned to play the domra.
In 1953, she graduated from seven classes of school and, to help her family, went to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant as a bracelet maker in the assembly and vulcanization shop in preparatory operations. There she operated a diagonal cutting machine. At the same time, she studied in evening classes at a school for working youth.
From April 1955, she worked for seven years as a weaver at the Krasny Perekop technical fabrics factory, where her mother and older sister also worked.
Since 1959, she has been involved in parachuting at the Yaroslavl flying club and performed 90 jumps.
Continuing to work at the Krasny Perekop textile mill, from 1955 to 1960 she completed correspondence studies at the Light Industry College. In 1957 she joined the Komsomol. Since August 11, 1960 - released secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Krasny Perekop plant.
After the first successful flights of Soviet cosmonauts, the idea came up to launch a female cosmonaut into space. At the beginning of 1962, a search began for applicants according to the following criteria: parachutist, under 30 years old, up to 170 cm tall and weighing up to 70 kg.
Out of hundreds of candidates, five were chosen: Zhanna Yorkina, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomareva, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova. Immediately after being accepted into the cosmonaut corps, Tereshkova, along with the other girls, was called up for compulsory military service with the rank of privates.
On March 12, 1962, Valentina Tereshkova was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps and began training as a student-cosmonaut of the 2nd detachment. On November 29, 1962, she passed her final exams in OKP with “excellent marks.” Since December 1, 1962, Tereshkova has been a cosmonaut of the 1st detachment of the 1st department. On June 16, 1963, that is, immediately after the flight, she became an instructor-cosmonaut of the 1st detachment and held this position until March 14, 1966.
During her training, she underwent training on the body’s resistance to the factors of space flight. The training included a thermal chamber, where she had to be in a flight suit at a temperature of +70 ° C and a humidity of 30%, and a soundproof chamber - a room isolated from sounds, where each candidate had to spend 10 days.
Zero-gravity training took place on the MiG-15. When performing a parabolic slide, weightlessness was established inside the plane for 40 seconds, and there were 3-4 such sessions per flight. During each session, it was necessary to complete the next task: write your first and last name, try to eat, talk on the radio.
Particular attention was paid to parachute training, since the astronaut ejected before landing and landed separately by parachute. Since there was always a risk of splashdown of the descent vehicle, training was also carried out on parachute jumps in the sea, in a technological, that is, not tailored to size, spacesuit.
Initially, it was planned for two female crews to fly simultaneously, but in March 1963 this plan was abandoned, and the task became to choose one of five candidates.
When choosing Tereshkova for the role of the first female cosmonaut, in addition to successfully completing training, political issues were also taken into account: Tereshkova was from the workers, while, for example, Ponomareva and Solovyova were from the employees. In addition, Tereshkova's father, Vladimir, died during the Soviet-Finnish War when she was two years old. After the flight, when Tereshkova was asked how the Soviet Union could thank her for her service, she asked to find the place where her father died.
Not the least selection criterion was the candidate’s ability to conduct active social activities - meeting people, speaking in public on numerous trips around the country and the world, demonstrating in every possible way the advantages of the Soviet system.
Other candidates, with no worse preparation (based on the results of a medical examination and theoretical preparedness of female cosmonaut candidates, Tereshkova was placed in last place), were noticeably inferior to Tereshkova in the qualities necessary for such social activities. Therefore, she was appointed as the main candidate for the flight, I.B. Solovyov as a backup, and V.L. Ponomarev as a reserve.
At the time of Tereshkova’s appointment as Vostok-6 pilot, she was 10 years younger than Gordon Cooper, the youngest of the first group of American astronauts.
Flight of Valentina Tereshkova on the Vostok-6 ship
Tereshkova made the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft. It lasted almost three days. The launch took place at Baikonur not from the “Gagarin” site, but from a duplicate one. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky, was in orbit.
On the day of her flight into space, she told her family that she was leaving for a parachute competition; they learned about the flight from the news on the radio.
“The preparation of the rocket, the ship and all maintenance operations went extremely smoothly. In terms of the clarity and coherence of the work of all services and systems, Tereshkova’s launch reminded me of Gagarin’s launch. Like April 12, 1961, on June 16, 1963, the flight was prepared and started perfectly. Everyone who saw During the preparation for the launch and the launch of the spacecraft into orbit, Tereshkova, who listened to her reports on the radio, was unanimously told: “She carried out the launch better than Popovich and Nikolaev.” Yes, I am very glad that I was not mistaken in choosing the first female cosmonaut."“,” Lieutenant General Nikolai Kamanin, who was involved in the selection and training of cosmonauts, described Tereshkova’s launch.
Tereshkova's call sign for the duration of the flight is "Gull".
The phrase she said before the start: "Hey! Sky! Take off your hat!(modified quote from V. Mayakovsky’s poem “A Cloud in Pants”).
During the flight, Tereshkova had problems with the orientation of the ship. “I talked to Tereshkova several times. I feel like she’s tired, but she doesn’t want to admit it. In the last communication session, she didn’t answer calls from the Leningrad IP. We turned on the television camera and saw that she was sleeping. We had to wake her up and talk to her both about the upcoming landing and about manual orientation. She tried twice to orient the ship and honestly admitted that she couldn’t get the pitch orientation. This circumstance worries us all very much: if we have to land manually, and she cannot orient the ship, then it will not will leave orbit", - Sergei Korolev wrote in the journal on June 16, 1963.
Later it turned out that the commands issued by the pilot were inverted to the direction of control movement in manual mode (the ship turned in the wrong direction as when trained on the simulator). According to Tereshkova, the problem was in the incorrect installation of the control wires: commands were given not to descend, but to raise the spacecraft’s orbit. In automatic mode, the polarity was correct, which made it possible to properly orient and land the ship. Valentina received new data from Earth and put it into the computer. Tereshkova remained silent about this case for more than forty years, because S.P. Korolev asked her not to tell anyone about this.
Valentina Tereshkova is the only woman in the world to have completed a solo space flight.
According to Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor V.I. Yazdovsky, who was responsible for the medical support of the Soviet space program at that time, women tolerate the extreme stress of space flight worse on the 14th-18th day of the monthly cycle. However, due to the fact that the launch of the carrier that put Tereshkova into orbit was delayed for a day, and also, obviously, due to the strong psycho-emotional load when putting the ship into orbit, the flight mode prescribed by the doctors could not be maintained.
Yazdovsky also notes that “Tereshkova, according to telemetry and television monitoring, endured the flight mostly satisfactorily. Negotiations with ground communication stations were sluggish. She sharply limited her movements. She sat almost motionless. She clearly showed changes in her health of a vegetative nature.”
Despite the nausea and physical discomfort, Tereshkova survived 48 revolutions around the Earth and spent almost three days in space, where she kept a logbook and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to detect aerosol layers in the atmosphere.
The Vostok-6 descent module landed safely in the Baevsky district of the Altai Territory.
After landing, Tereshkova violated the regime in the area of the landing site: she distributed food supplies from the astronauts’ diet to local residents, and she herself ate local food after three days of fasting. According to the testimony of pilot Marina Popovich, S.P. Tereshkova was with her after the flight. Korolev said: “As long as I’m alive, not a single woman will fly into space again.” As you know, the next flight of a woman into space (Svetlana Savitskaya) took place 19 years later, in August 1982 (Korolev died in 1966).
They called her “Miss Universe”, dedicated poems and songs, and presented her with awards. However, Tereshkova was able to walk on her own only after a month, and throughout her subsequent life she suffered from bleeding and brittle bones.
After completing the space flight, Tereshkova entered the Air Force Engineering Academy. NOT. Zhukovsky and, having graduated with honors, later became a candidate of technical sciences, professor, and author of more than 50 scientific papers. Tereshkova was ready for a one-way flight to Mars.
From April 30, 1969 to April 28, 1997, Valentina Tereshkova - instructor-cosmonaut of the cosmonaut detachment of the 1st department of the 1st directorate of the group of orbital ships and stations, instructor-cosmonaut-tester of the group of orbital manned complexes for general and special purposes, 1st group of the detachment astronauts.
In 1982, she could even be appointed commander of the female crew of the Soyuz spacecraft. On April 30, 1997, Tereshkova left the squad - the last of the female recruits of 1962 due to reaching the age limit.
Since 1997 - senior researcher at the Cosmonaut Training Center.
Social and political activities of Valentina Tereshkova
Since March 1962 - member of the CPSU. In 1966-1989 - deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the VII-XI convocations. In 1971-1990 - member of the CPSU Central Committee. Delegate to the XXIV, XXV, XXVI and XXVII Congresses of the CPSU. In 1974-1989 - deputy and member of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In 1968-1987 she headed the Soviet Women's Committee. In 1969 - vice-president of the International Democratic Federation of Women, member of the World Peace Council.
In 1987-1992, Chairman of the Presidium of the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries.
In 1989-1992 - People's Deputy of the USSR from the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries and the Rodina Society.
On January 22, 1969, she was in a car fired upon by officer Viktor Ilyin during an assassination attempt.
In 1992 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Russian Association for International Cooperation. In 1992-1995 - First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Agency for International Cooperation and Development.
In 1994-2004 - head of the Russian Center for International Scientific and Cultural Cooperation.
In 1995, she was awarded the rank of Major General ( Russia's first woman with the rank of major general).
On September 14, 2003, at the II Congress of the Russian Party of Life, she was nominated as a candidate for deputy in the Elections to the State Duma of the 4th convocation on the Federal party list at number 3, but the party bloc did not overcome the electoral threshold.
In 2008-2011 - deputy of the Yaroslavl Regional Duma from the United Russia party, deputy chairman.
On April 5, 2008, she was a torchbearer of the Russian leg of the torch relay of the Beijing Olympics in St. Petersburg.
In 2011, she was elected to the State Duma of Russia from the United Russia party on the Yaroslavl regional list. Together with Elena Mizulina, Irina Yarova and Andrei Skoch, she was a member of the inter-factional parliamentary group for the protection of Christian values. In this capacity, she supported amendments to the Russian Constitution, according to which “Orthodoxy is the basis of the national and cultural identity of Russia.”
She headed the party list in the elections to the Yaroslavl Regional Duma in 2013.
On February 7, 2014, at the Opening Ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia carried the Olympic flag among eight selected people.
With the assistance and participation of Tereshkova, a university was opened in Yaroslavl, a new building for a technical school of light industry, a river station, a planetarium were built, and the Volga embankment was landscaped. Throughout his life he provides assistance to his native school and the Yaroslavl orphanage.
Since 2015 - President of the non-profit charitable foundation "Memory of Generations".
In the parliamentary elections on September 18, 2016, she took second place in the regional group of United Russia, which includes the Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Kostroma and Tver regions.
Valentina Tereshkova. Seagull and Hawk
Personal life of Valentina Tereshkova:
First husband - Andriyan Grigorievich Nikolaev(1929-2004), USSR cosmonaut No. 3, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
Their wedding took place in a government mansion on the Lenin Hills on November 3, 1963. Among the guests was. After the marriage and until the divorce, Tereshkova bore the double surname Nikolaeva-Tereshkova.
On June 8, 1964, their daughter Elena was born - the first child in the world whose father and mother were both astronauts.
The marriage of Tereshkova and Nikolaev was officially dissolved in 1982, after the daughter came of age. “At work there is gold, at home there is a despot,” Tereshkova said about her ex-husband.
However, according to the stories of people close to the couple, the marriage broke up when Tereshkova had another man and the affair could no longer be hidden. Allegedly, she asked for a divorce personally from Brezhnev, who gave the go-ahead.
After breaking up with her husband, Valentina Vladimirovna forbade Nikolaev to see Elena and soon demanded that her daughter change Nikolaev’s last name to her own - Tereshkova.
Nikolaev never married again.
Second husband - Yuliy Shaposhnikov(1931-1999), Major General of Medical Service, Director of the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (CITO).
Daughter Elena Tereshkova- orthopedic surgeon, works at CITO. She was married twice.
The first husband is pilot Igor Alekseevich Mayorov (his father headed the Aeroflot representative office in Europe and was the personal pilot of the secretaries general - Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko and Gorbachev). The marriage gave birth to a son, Alexey, on October 20, 1995.
Tereshkova was against her daughter’s marriage to Igor Mayorov. During seven years of marriage, Igor never saw his mother-in-law. And Valentina Vladimirovna did not see her first grandson Alexei until she was five years old - until Elena divorced her first husband.
Elena - daughter of Valentina Tereshkova
The second husband is pilot Andrei Yuryevich Rodionov. We met when he came to her for a medical appointment. At that time, they were both married, Andrei also had a child (daughter). However, they filed for divorce and started a family. The marriage gave birth to a son, Andrei, on June 18, 2004.
Rodionov managed to establish relations with his famous mother-in-law; she gave her daughter’s new family a luxurious apartment in Granatny Lane, and communicates with her grandchildren. At the same time, Elena herself followed in her mother’s footsteps: she forbade her ex-husband Igor Mayorov to see her eldest son. Mayorov had to seek the right to communicate with the boy through the court.
Valentina Tereshkova with her daughter, son-in-law Andrei Rodionov and grandchildren
In 2004, Valentina Tereshkova underwent complex heart surgery, which prevented a heart attack.
He is an honorary citizen of the cities: Kaluga, Yaroslavl (Russia), Karaganda, Baikonur (until 1995 - Leninsk, Kazakhstan, 1977), Gyumri (until 1990 - Leninakan, Armenia, 1965), Vitebsk (Belarus, 1975), Montreux and Drancy (France) ), Montgomery (Great Britain), Polizzi-Generosa (Italy), Darkhan (Mongolia, 1965), Sofia, Burgas, Petrich, Stara Zagora, Pleven, Varna (Bulgaria, 1963), Bratislava (Slovakia, 1963).
In 1983, a commemorative coin with the image of V. Tereshkova was issued - she became the only Soviet citizen whose portrait was placed on a Soviet coin during her lifetime.
The following are named after Tereshkova:
crater on the Moon;
- minor planet 1671 Chaika (according to its call sign - “Chaika”);
- streets in different cities, including Balakhna, Balashikha, Vitebsk, Vladivostok, Dankov, Dzerzhinsk, Donetsk, Irkutsk, Ishimbay, Kemerovo, Klin, Korolev, Kostroma, Krasnoyarsk, Lipetsk, Mineralnye Vody, Mytishchi, Nizhny Novgorod, Nikolaev, Novosibirsk, Novocheboksarsk, Orenburg, Penza, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Ulan-Ude, Ulyanovsk, Yaroslavl, avenue in Gudermes, square in Tver, embankment in Evpatoria;
- schools in Yaroslavl (where she studied), in Novocheboksarsk, in Karaganda and in the city of Esik (Almaty region);
- Sports and fitness center in the city of Kursk (Solyanka tract, 16);
- Children's sports center for recreation and recreation of children and adolescents in the Kaliningrad region (45 km from Kaliningrad);
- the Cosmos Museum (not far from her village) and the planetarium in Yaroslavl.
Monument to Valentina Tereshkova in the Bayevsky district of the Altai Territory, not far from the landing site of the first female cosmonaut. Also, a monument to Tereshkova stands on the Alley of Cosmonauts in Moscow. One of the monuments was erected in the city of Lvov, but in Ukraine they propose to demolish it within the framework of the law on the so-called. decommunization.
The annual city athletics relay race for the prize of V.V. Tereshkova is held in Yaroslavl. The Yaroslavl DOSAAF military-patriotic education center bears her name.
The following songs are dedicated to Valentina Tereshkova: “The girl is called a seagull” (music by Alexander Dolukhanyan, lyrics by Mark Lisyansky, performer -), “Valentina” (in Moldavian, music by Dumitru Gheorghita, lyrics by Efim Krimerman, performer -).
Muslim Magomayev - The girl's name is a seagull
Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (March 6, 1937, Bolshoye Maslennikovo village, Tutaevsky district, Yaroslavl region) - Soviet cosmonaut, the first woman cosmonaut in the world. The only woman to fly solo into space.
Life before flight
Valentina was born into a family of peasants who came from Belarus. Her father was a tractor driver and died during the Soviet-Finnish war. Mother worked in a textile factory. Valentina had a good ear for music, so she learned to play the domra.
After graduating from 7th grade, she began working as a bracelet maker at the Yaroslavl Tire Factory. At the same time I studied at evening school. Then she worked for 7 years as an ordinary weaver at the Krasny Perekop plant. During this period, Valentina underwent correspondence studies at a light industry technical school. Then she started parachuting at a local flying club. It would seem that her life is developing according to an already written scenario. But then an event happened that changed the whole life of an ordinary factory worker.
Sergei Korolev decided to send a female cosmonaut into space. In 1962, a search began for applicants according to the following criteria: age up to 30 years, parachutist, weight up to 70 kg and height up to 170 cm. As a result, five were selected: T. Kuznetsova, Zh. Yorkina, I. Solovyova, V. Ponomareva and V. Tereshkova. All girls were called up for compulsory military service. What awaited Tereshkova next?
1962 – began training as an astronaut student. She passed the OKP exams with “excellent marks” and became a cosmonaut of the 1st detachment. During her training, Valentina underwent special training for body stability. For example, the candidate had to stay in a thermal chamber at a temperature of +70 °C, and the candidate had to stay in a chamber isolated from sounds for 10 days. Particular attention was paid to parachute jumping.
Flight
June 16, 1963 - made the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut. Tereshkova went into space on the Vostok-6 spacecraft. Her flight lasted almost three days. On the day of her first flight into space, Valentina Tereshkova told her family that she was going to a parachute competition. They learned about the current state of affairs from the radio news.
When choosing the first female cosmonaut, political issues were also taken into account. Tereshkova's advantage was that she was from the workers, and her father died in the war. When, after the flight, Valentina was asked how the SRSR could thank her, she asked to find her father’s grave. No less important was the candidate’s ability to conduct social activities - to speak in public, demonstrating the advantages of the Soviet system. Note that when Tereshkova was appointed as a spaceship pilot, she was 10 years younger than the youngest American astronaut of the first squad.
N. Kamanin, who was involved in the selection of cosmonauts, noted that Tereshkova had a better launch than Nikolaev and Popovich. Valentina's call sign for the duration of the flight is “Seagull”. Before the start she said: “Hey! Sky! Take off your hat! (quote from a poem by V. Mayakovsky). True, during the flight Tereshkova did not cope well with the orientation of the spacecraft. This was due to improper installation of the control wires. Therefore, Valentina had to put new data into the computer. She was silent about this incident for 40 years; Korolev himself asked her not to tell anyone anything.
The problems that Tereshkova encountered during the flight also had a physiological explanation. Note that according to the results of the medical examination, her indicators were the worst. But thanks to the intervention of Nikita Khrushchev, she was still determined to be an astronaut. Her social background played a decisive role.
Despite severe physical discomfort, Tereshkova survived as many as 48 revolutions around the planet. While in space, she kept a special logbook and also took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to detect aerosol layers in the earth's atmosphere.
Vostok-6 landed in the Baevsky district of the Altai Territory. True, Tereshkova was accused of violating the regime: she distributed food from the astronaut’s diet to local residents, and she herself ate local food. After Tereshkova’s flight, Sergei Korolev said: “As long as I’m alive, no more woman will fly into space!” There was some truth in these words, because the next flight of a Soviet woman into space took place 19 years later.
What happened after?
After the space flight, Valentina Vladimirovna entered the Air Force Engineering Academy, from which she graduated with honors. She later became a professor and wrote more than fifty scientific papers.
1966-1989 - Deputy of the Supreme Council.
1968-1987 - Head of the Soviet Women's Committee.
1969-1997 - worked as an astronaut instructor.
1969 – became a member of the World Peace Council.
1971-1989 - Member of the CPSU Central Committee.
1974-1989 - was a member of the Presidium of the Supreme Council.
1992 - headed the presidium of the Russian Association for International Cooperation.
1997 – becomes a senior researcher at the Cosmonaut Training Center.
1994-2004 - headed the Russian Center for International Scientific and Cultural Cooperation.
2008-2011 - Deputy from the United Russia party in the Yaroslavl Regional Duma.
2011 – elected to the State Duma. Tereshkova is part of a parliamentary group that defends Christian values. In particular, she advocates amending the Constitution, according to which “Orthodoxy is the basis of Russia’s national identity.” Let us note that with the assistance of Tereshkova, a university was opened in Yaroslavl, a river station and a planetarium were built. In addition, she constantly provides assistance to the Yaroslavl orphanage and her native school.
According to official data for 2012, Tereshkova owns a land plot of 1,500 m², a house with an area of 607 m², 1.5 apartments with an area of 175 m², and 2 cars.
Immediately after the flight into space, Valentina Vladimirovna married cosmonaut A. Nikolaev. The wedding was celebrated in a government mansion; even Khrushchev was among the guests. In 1964, the couple had a daughter, Elena. But in 1982 this marriage was dissolved. One day Tereshkova said that her first husband was a real despot. Valentina's second husband was Major General of the Medical Service Yuliy Shaposhnikov. He died in 1999.
As a reward for her flight, Tereshkova received a 3-room apartment in Yaroslavl, where she moved with her mother, aunt and niece. But she lived in this apartment for no more than three years, since she decided to settle in Moscow.
Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in Russia to receive the rank of major general. Tereshkova is the only Soviet citizen whose portrait was placed on a coin during his lifetime.
Valentina Vladimirovna's favorite planet is Mars. Having seen all the earth's continents from space, Tereshkova decided to visit Australia and not so long ago she realized this dream.
In 1969, Tereshkova was in a car that was fired upon during the assassination attempt on L. Brezhnev. She was not injured.
Valentina Vladimirovna has been friends with the famous singer Elena Obraztsova for almost 50 years.
Tereshkova was awarded the title of “The Greatest Woman of the 20th Century.” Named after her:
- minor planet 1671 Chaika;
- crater on the Moon;
- streets in Odessa, Ulan-Ude, Ulyanovsk, Novosibirsk, Gudermes;
- embankment in Evpatoria;
- square in Tver;
- schools in Yaroslavl, Novocheboksarsk, Karaganda;
- Museum "Cosmos";
- planetarium in Yaroslavl.
Songs by the Dutch group Stone Oak Cosmonaut, Sofia Rotaru, the English group Komputer and the Polish group Filipinki are dedicated to Tereshkova.
Loading...
