Relevance of the research topic

In the last decades of the 20th century. Complex and interconnected processes of large-scale social change have emerged in the world, largely related to the information technology revolution. Many researchers consider the formation of a new type of society - the information society - to be an integral consequence of these processes.

In our country, these global trends have overlapped with dramatic processes of internal transformation, further complicating the situation. In the socio-political sphere, transformations were marked by the establishment of a democratic form of statehood (albeit limited by economic or administrative-bureaucratic barriers), recognition of the right of citizens to freedom of speech, freedom to receive and disseminate information. In the economic sphere, Russia was faced with the task of developing the national economy on a market basis and integrating the country into the world economic space. In the sociocultural sphere, state pressure on the production and consumption of symbolic products has sharply decreased. In addition, the Russian cultural sphere turned out to be open to the processes taking place in the world. Thus, new opportunities have opened up for Russian society and the state and new challenges have arisen related to Russia’s integration into the emerging global information society.

The state's response to these challenges occurred largely through a natural mechanism for a state organization - legal regulation.

It is more difficult to talk about the reaction of society to the challenges of time and the actions of the state, primarily due to the lack of a single center representing the entire society. A variety of people, social groups and strata, organizations, and institutions adapted to new conditions, opportunities and challenges. Over the past decades, a culture of using the latest achievements of information and communication technologies (ICT) has developed in Russia, economic sectors and areas of business related to making a profit from the exploitation of ICT have emerged, and a layer of people has emerged, one way or another connected with information technology.

Mass media, being one of the means of self-observation of society, could not ignore the processes of informatization - thus, media appeared that were focused on an audience interested in ICT and related phenomena and processes. Mass media monitor the social world external to them, dividing events into worthy and unworthy publications and presenting the result of selection to the audience. At the same time, being, as a rule, commercial, profit-oriented enterprises, they are forced to take into account the information interests and needs of the audience. Thus, the media simultaneously form a picture of the world for the audience and are influenced by its preferences when forming its own selection scheme. The results of this selection, i.e. published materials can be considered as an integrated reaction of society to ongoing events, which include the actions of the state. More precisely, in this case, we are talking about the reaction of a social community grouped around ICT, but this social group includes, first of all, people who are most closely included in the system of social relations affected by the processes of informatization in Russia and who are more sensitive to the issues under study.

The above leads us to the possibility of using documents generated by the state and the press representing the Russian IT community as sources of information for a comprehensive description of the social content of the process of formation of the information society in Russia.

Degree of scientific development of the problem

The problems of the post-industrial/information society have been widely discussed in the social sciences since approximately the late 1950s - early 1960s. The range of approaches to the study of informatization problems is very wide, but it seems that two main trends can be identified.

Researchers working within the first trend, in their reasoning, start from the phenomenon of technology development and, to one degree or another, consider the social processes of our time to be determined by the spread of ICT.

The origins of the technology-oriented trend lie in the achievements of cybernetics as a science about the most general principles of control in nature and society, the emergence of which is associated with the name of N. Wiener, as well as information theory. Within the framework of the cybernetic approach, information was defined as a measure of order/negative entropy, and an idea of ​​information and control processes as universal for nature, man and society was obtained.

In the 1960s, with the spread of means of processing, storing and transmitting information based on the achievements of cybernetics and microelectronics, the actual sociological approach to the study of social changes associated with this process began to be used more and more widely. Following F. Webster, we can distinguish a group of approaches that postulate the emergence of a new type of society as a result of informatization: the theory of post-industrial society (associated with the name of D. Bell and his followers), the theory of post-Fordism and flexible specialization (M. Pryor and C. Sable, J1 Hirschhorn), informational method of development (M. Castells), postmodernist direction (J. Baudrillard).1.

In the works of D. Bell, the emphasis is on changes in the sphere of employment and related technological and economic spheres. The basis of the class

1 See: Webster F. Theories of the information society / F. Webster. - M., Aspect-press, 2004.-400 e., p. The 12th economic concept of post-industrial society is the division of the economy into primary (agriculture), secondary (industry) and tertiary (services) sectors, as well as the provision for accelerated growth of the tertiary sector compared to the primary and secondary both in the structure of employment and in the structure production. Post-industrialists see the leading role of scientific, theoretical knowledge as a determinant of technology development as the most important quality of a post-industrial society.

A characteristic feature of the concepts of post-industrialism is the periodization of human history over long periods (pre-industrial - industrial - post-industrial). This idea was developed very clearly by E. Toffler: in his work “The Third Wave” he identified three waves in the history of civilization: agricultural (before the 18th century), industrial (before the 1950s of the 20th century) and post- or super-industrial ( since the 1950s). Nowadays, according to Toffler, there is a collision of the second wave with the third one that is replacing it.1

M. McLuhan proposed his version of the periodization of history, based on the dominant form of culture, determined by the technology of broadcasting information. He identified three stages: primitive preliterate culture with oral forms of communication and transmission of information; written and printed culture (“Guttenberg Galaxy”), which replaced naturalness and collectivism with individualism; the modern stage (“global village”) reviving the natural audiovisual multidimensional perception of the world and collectivity, but on a new electronic basis through the replacement of written and printed languages ​​of communication with radio television and network means of mass communications.

In line with the technology-oriented tradition lies the most recent and large-scale attempt to systematically describe the current state and development trends of a society influenced by information and communication technologies - the theory of the information society

1 Toffler, E. The Third Wave / Alvin Toffler. - M.: ACT, 1999. 784 p.

M. Castells. Castells tried to answer the question of what exactly a post-industrial society will be like, in addition to the fact that it will replace the industrial one. Castells focuses on changes in the spatiotemporal mode of functioning of society, the economic structure, relations between the state and civil society, problems of inequality, coercion and violence in the information society.1

An alternative technology-oriented trend in the study of processes related to informatization is represented by the postmodernist direction of social thought. Unlike post-industrialists, who consider the influence of technology on society and culture, the starting point for the analysis of modern society for postmodernists is culture. The reason for changes in society is the exhaustion and decomposition of the system of basic values ​​characteristic of the New Age - freedom, progress, knowledge.

J. Baudrillard interprets the increase in the intensity of communication flows in the modern world as an increase in the flow of signs, already reflecting, but simulating and replacing social reality and, in turn, becoming the only social reality.2 Another author of the postmodernist movement is J.-F. Lyotard pays increased attention to changing the status of information and knowledge in society, namely the utilitarianization and commercialization of knowledge in the modern world.3

1 See: Castells, M. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture/ Vol. 1: The rise of the network society / Manuel Castells. - Blackwell Publishers, 1996.

Castells, M. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture/ Vol. 2: The power of identity / Manuel Castells. - Blackwell Publishers, 1997.

Castells, M. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture/ Vol. 3: End of Millennium / Manuel Castells. - Blackwell Publishers, 1998.

Castells M. Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture / M. Castells. - M.: Publishing house of the State University Higher School of Economics, 2000.

2 See: Baudrillard, J. In the shadow of the silent majority, or The End of the Social / J. Baudrillard. - Ekaterinburg: Ural University Publishing House, 2000. 95 p.

Lyotard, J.-F. The state of postmodernity. Per. from French ON THE. Shmatko / J.-F. Lyotard. - St. Petersburg: Aletheia, 1998. - 160 p.

It is impossible not to note the contribution to research into the process of informatization of society and domestic scientists.

The work of R. F. Abdeev lies within the framework of the cybernetic and information-theoretical approach. He substantiates the need and possibility of the emergence of an information civilization and gives its characteristics on the basis of cybernetics, synergetics, a system-theoretical approach, drawing on the provisions of Marxism on the transition of quantitative changes to qualitative ones, the spasmodic nature and the spiral trajectory of the development of technological and social systems.1

Works by A.I. Rakitov can be attributed to the post-industrial tradition. He examines the development of information and technological revolutions that define radical change and fundamental innovation in society. Following the approach characteristic of post-industrialists, Rakitov identifies three socio-technological revolutions - agrarian-craft, industrial and information-computer.

Among domestic researchers, the ideas of post-industrialism are most fully reflected in the works of B.JI. Inozemtseva. He systematizes the achievements of the post-industrialist tradition in their overlap with the provisions of the socio-economic paradigm of Marxism. Criticizing the theories of the information society and postmodernism, Inozemtsev emphasizes the importance of the fact that post-industrialism does not completely break with the industrial tradition and emphasizes the transitional nature of modern society.3

1 Abdeev, R.F. Philosophy of information civilization / R.F. Abdeev. - M.: VLADOS, 1994.336 p.

2 Rakitov A.I. Philosophy of the computer revolution / A.I. Rakitov. - M.: Politizdat, 1991.287 p.

3 See: Inozemtsev, V. JI. In ten years: towards the concept of a post-economic society / B.JI. Inozemtsev. - M.: Academy, 1998. - 576 e.; Inozemtsev, V. JI. Beyond economic society: post-industrial theories and post-economic trends in the modern world / BJI. Inozemtsev. - M.: Academy, 1998. - 640 e.; Inozemtsev, V. JI. Modern post-industrial society: nature, contradictions, prospects / B.JI. Inozemtsev. - M.: Logos. 2000. 304 p.

The work of another domestic researcher, D. V. Ivanov, who is developing the topic of virtualization of society and the simulation nature of social processes in the modern world, gravitates towards the postmodern tradition.1

In addition to theoretical approaches to the study of informatization, there are others in modern society, which often have no less, or even greater influence on mass consciousness.

American researcher R. Kling identified and described five genres, which are adhered to to one degree or another by all those who write about computerization. Among them: technological utopia, technological dystopia, social realism, social theory, analytical reduction.2

Various descriptions of social reality can be perceived not only directly, but also serve as material for research that generalizes the information reflected in them and aims to identify the general characteristics of the described social phenomena and processes.

An example of the application of this approach to the study of the informatization process is the large-scale series of studies “Megatrends”, conducted in the 1960-1980s in the USA under the leadership of J. Naisbit. One of the main methods of information analysis was content analysis, and the data sources were publications in the central and numerous local print media in the United States. As a result, ten of the most powerful trends (megatrends) of changes in American society were identified.3

When studying complex social phenomena and processes, the analysis of not only press reports, but also government documents that form the legal framework for their regulation is fruitfully used.

1 Ivanov D. Society as virtual reality / Dmitry Ivanov // Information society: Sat. M.: ACT. - 2004. 507 e., p. 355-427.

2 Kling, R. Reading "All About" Computerization How Genre Conventions Shape Non-fiction Social Analysis/ Rob Kling // The Information Society, 1994 11(4): 147-172. - Source: wvvvv.sl is. indiana.cdu/klinu/rcad94a.html

3 Naisbit, D. Megatrends / D. Naisbit. M.: ACT Publishing House LLC, 2003, p. 8-9 nia. The legislative framework of informatization processes in Russia was analyzed, in particular, by V.N. Monakhov (in relation to the regulation of media activities on the Internet), S.V. Petrovsky (in the aspect of legal regulation of Internet services), A. A. Chernov (in relation to the problem of information security).1

It is worth noting that these studies are characterized by a traditional approach to text analysis, which boils down to critical reading. An alternative to this approach may be the use of formalized content analysis techniques using a computer. A similar approach was used, in particular, to analyze the regulatory framework for privatization and the electoral programs of candidates.2 An example of the large-scale application of content analysis of government documents is the work of S. F. Grebenichenko “Dictatorship and Industrial Russia in the 1920s.”3

Thus, it can be stated that it is possible to apply the method of document analysis to the study of social processes, in particular the process of formation of the information society in Russia, and also that formalized content analysis methods have not yet been widely used in this area.

1 See: Media and the Internet: problems of legal regulation/Compiled by prof. V.N. Monakhov. - M.: ECOPRINT, 2003, - 320 e., Petrovsky S.V. Internet services in Russian law. / S. V. Petrovsky. - M.: Agency "Publishing Service", 2003. - 272 e., Chernov A. A. Formation of a global information society: problems and prospects / A. A. Chernov. - M.: Publishing and trading corporation "Dashkov and Co", 2003. - 232 p.

2 Nizhny Novgorod: normative space of economic reform/ I.P. Sklyarov, A.P. Meleshkin, V.I. Rybakov and others - Nizhny Novgorod: Publishing House of the Volga-Vyatka Academy of Public Administration, 1996. - 77 e., Ivashinenko N.N. Programs and candidates (Elections-98 of the mayor of Nizhny Novgorod) / N.N. Ivashinenko, A.A. Iudin, A.E. Soldatkin. - N. Novgorod: Publishing house NISOTS - Publishing house of the Volgo-Vyatka Academy of Public Administration, 1999, 24 p.

3 Grebenichenko S.F. Dictatorship and industrial Russia in the 1920s / Grebenichenko S.F.-M.: Bridges of Culture, 2000.-377p.

Goals and objectives of the study

The purpose of the study is to describe the social content of the process of formation of the information society in Russia in the 1990s - early 2000s; identify its main aspects and characterize them.

To achieve the goal of the research, the following tasks are set and solved in the dissertation:

1. systematize sociological approaches to the study of the phenomenon of the information society and the process of its formation (domestic and foreign);

2. identify the thematic structure of descriptions of the social aspects of the informatization of Russian society in government documents of the Russian Federation regulating the social aspects of the use of information technologies;

3. identify the thematic structure of descriptions of the social aspects of informatization of Russian society in publications of thematic media;

4. conduct a comparative analysis of the identified thematic structures, identify their dynamics, similarities and differences in approaches to covering informatization processes by government agencies and the information community;

5. identify aspects of interaction between the state and the information community in the area under study that cause social tensions and conflicts;

The object of the study is the social content of the process of formation of the information society in Russia.

The subject of the study is the characteristics of state influence on the process of formation of the information society in Russia, reflected in the regulatory documents regulating the use of ICT and the peculiarities of the perception of this process by the information community, reflected in publications of thematic press.

Theoretical and methodological basis of the study

The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the theory of the information society by M. Castells, as well as general sociological principles of system analysis and modeling of social processes.

As for the methodology of the empirical part of the study, thematic content analysis of texts was chosen as the main method. As R. Popping writes, “thematic text analysis is the definition of any text analysis, where variables indicate the occurrence (or frequency of occurrence) of certain concepts”1. Such an analysis is based on the recognition of “the existence of a relationship between the presence of a topic and the author of the text’s interest in this topic.” As part of the thematic strategy, a representative approach was chosen. It does not require predefined relationships between concepts and units of account. These relationships are established through a process of encoding depending on the context in which the units are searched. This approach allows you to associate concepts with search units specific to a particular text, find new units of counting, and define new concepts.

The empirical basis for the study was: state documents of the Russian Federation regulating the use of ICT for 1991-2004. (42 documents), as well as publications of the weekly Computerra for 1997-2004, devoted to the topic of interaction between ICT and society (1,797 publications).

Data analysis was carried out using Lekta 2.0 and STATISTICA software products.

The novelty of the results obtained:

1. a methodology for a comprehensive description of the social content of the informatization process has been created and tested, capable of giving

1 Popping, Roel. Computer-assisted Text Analysis/Roel Popping. London: SAGE Publications, 2000, p. 26

2 Ibid., p. 39 reasonable hypotheses regarding the reaction of society to new acts of governing influence of the state;

2. describes the structure of government measures to regulate the social aspects of the use of information technologies and its dynamics in 1991-2004;

3. the structure of descriptions of the social aspects of informatization in the thematic press in 1997-2004 has been identified;

4. the problematic aspects of interaction between the state and the information community in the process of informatization of Russia are characterized.

Provisions for defense

1. In recent decades, large-scale and complex processes of social change have taken place in the world, influenced by the spread of information and communication technologies. In our country, these global trends occurred in parallel and interconnected with dramatic processes of internal transformation. New opportunities have opened up for Russian society and the state and new challenges have arisen associated with Russia's integration into the emerging global information society.

2. The social content of the informatization process can be comprehensively described on the basis of content analysis of government documents regulating the ICT sector, as well as press publications.

3. The array of state documents of the Russian Federation concerning informatization processes structurally consists of:

Cores, which include texts that describe the value bases, priorities, goals and objectives of state policy in the area under consideration, as well as forming the organizational basis of this policy through definitions and classifications of the concepts used;

The bulk of documents, which can be structured along two axes - orientation (socio-political or socio-economic) and level of regulation (program-conceptual or infrastructural);

A group of documents devoted to the regulation of routine social, economic, and political processes taking place in social institutions that arose earlier than modern ICTs and were only partially affected by the information technology revolution.

The state's attention to various aspects of regulation during the period under study was heterogeneous:

At the initial stage (1991-1995), attention was largely focused on regulating routine activities;

At the second stage (1996-2000), the vector of attention shifted towards issues of ensuring security and control over the dissemination of information; At the same time, during the same period, the formation of value and conceptual foundations of state policy in the field of ICT intensified;

At the third stage (2001-2004), increased attention began to be paid to the socio-economic sphere, primarily to the formation of information economy infrastructures.

4. In contrast to state documents, priority attention in publications of thematic press in 1997-2004. was paid to the cultural, social and economic aspects of informatization, while the structure of the thematic space of the press was noticeably less subject to changes over time than the structure of state documents.

5. The activities of the state in the field of informatization attracted close attention from the press. The structure of the attention of the IT press to the political and socio-economic aspects of informatization was largely determined by the activities of the state in these areas.

The most tense relations between the state and the IT community revolved around the problems of controlling the dissemination of information in telecommunication networks, primarily on the Internet, and respecting the rights of citizens to the confidentiality of personal information and the secrecy of communications.

As for the informatization of the socio-economic sphere, the state has managed to achieve noticeable success both in terms of objective indicators and in forming a favorable opinion about its undertakings.

Theoretical and practical significance of the work

The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that it systematizes the main approaches to the problem of informatization in foreign and domestic literature. In addition, the results of the work can serve as a source of substantiated hypotheses regarding further interaction between the Russian state and society in the context of informatization. In methodological terms, the significance of this work lies in the application of the method of quantitative computerized content analysis of large amounts of text to the problems of the formation of the information society. In the practical aspect, the significance of the work lies in the development of a methodology for a comprehensive description of the informatization process using formalized quantitative text analysis. The results of the work can be applied in the development and teaching of courses on the topics of sociological research methods and the sociology of information technology.

Approbation of the main provisions of the study 1. The provisions of the dissertation were presented at conferences:

International scientific and practical conference “Sociology of social transformations”, October 17-19, 2002, Nizhny Novgorod;

International scientific and practical conference “Small social group: sociocultural and sociopsychological aspects” March 18-20, 2004, Nizhny Novgorod.

2. A methodological manual has been developed for the course “Methods of document analysis in sociology” (volume 1 pp - jointly with N.N. Ivashinenko, A.A. Iudin, Yu.Yu. Klemyatich);

3. The program of the course “Information Technologies and Society”, the course “Social Aspects of Information Security” was developed (together with Prof. A.A. Iudin);

4. The work was tested during consultations with professors from the University of Duisburg-Essen (Germany).

1. Soldatkin A. E. Information technologies and social time / A. E. Soldatkin // Perspectives: a collection of scientific articles by graduate students. Vol. 2 - N. Novgorod: NISOTS, 2003. p. 176 - 195. 0.8 p.l.

2. Soldatkin A. E. State and civil society in the information era: new problems and prospects for relationships / A. E. Soldatkin // Perspectives: a collection of scientific articles by graduate students. Vol. 3 - N. Novgorod: NISOTS, 2003. p. 217-227. 0.6 p.l.

3. Soldatkin A. E. Reflection of changes in social structure in media reports / A. E. Soldatkin // Perspectives: a collection of scientific articles by graduate students. Vol. 3 - N. Novgorod: NISOTS, 2003. p. 228-232. 0.3 p.l.

4. Soldatkin A. E. Informatization as a factor in the innovative development of Russian society / A. E. Soldatkin // Bulletin of UNN, series “Social Sciences”, Vol. 1(3). - N. Novgorod: UNN Publishing House, 2004. p. 292-298. 0.4 p.l.

5. Soldatkin A. E. Text communication in virtual communities / A. E. Soldatkin // Small social group: sociocultural and sociopsychological aspects: in 2 volumes. Volume 1 / Generally edited by prof. Z.H. Saralieva. - Nizhny Novgorod: NI-SOC, 2004 - P. 453-455; 0.2 p.l. 6. Soldatkin A. E. Formation of the information society in Russia: dialogue between the state and the IT community / A. Soldatkin // Social transformations and social problems. Collection of scientific works (Issue 2). Nizhny Novgorod: NISOTS, 2005. - 144 e., pp. 93-99; 0.3 pp. Structure of the work

The work consists of an introduction, three chapters combining nine paragraphs, a conclusion, a list of sources and literature used, and an appendix.

CONCLUSIONS FOR CHAPTER 3

Compared to the thematic structure of government documents, the topics of Computerra gravitate more towards the socio-economic and cultural spheres.

Economic reforms in Russia made possible the emergence of large private enterprises that needed new ways of organizing activities. Informatization of the corporate sector developed through the introduction of computerized systems to support enterprise activities - electronic document management systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), as well as electronic payment systems. Typical barriers to the effective implementation of such systems are:

Incorrect assessment by entrepreneurs of the economic feasibility of their use;

Conflicts in relationships within the organization and between the organization and its counterparties due to the inconsistency of existing business processes and the need to reorganize them in accordance with the logic of computerized systems;

Lack of legislative regulation of the use of electronic signatures (the beginning of solving this problem was laid in 2000 with the adoption of the Federal Law “On Electronic Digital Signature”).

In the socio-political sphere, the state was inclined not to the liberal American, but to the statist Asian strategy, which provided for restrictions on human rights to receive and disseminate information. The computer press focuses attention, first of all, on the activities of the state to control the dissemination of information on the Internet (using the SORM-1 and SORM-2 systems), both criticizing the ideological motives of this activity and trying to reveal the economic interest of government bodies and individual officials have control mechanisms in place.

CONCLUSION

Informatization as a process of social change generated by the spread of information and communication technologies is of a worldwide nature, but we can talk about the formation of several models of informatization specific to individual regions and countries. The North American approach is neoliberal and based on the assumption that government regulation is ineffective. Priority in the field of informatization is given to private competition. Within the framework of the Asian approach, the state plays a leading role in the formation of a new economy, using it as a means of implementing national-state projects. The Finnish strategy consists of a combination of innovative economics and the principles of the “welfare state”.

In Russia, the process of informatization of society takes place in close connection with large-scale processes of social, economic and political transformations. In this regard, the problem of Russia’s choice of its path to the information society is important and relevant. One of the significant aspects of the formation of the information society in Russia is the discussion between the IT community and the state. In this work, we made an attempt to analyze the specifics of the social aspects of informatization in Russia, reflected, firstly, in the regulatory framework of informatization, and secondly, in publications of thematic media.

The state plays a very noticeable role in the process of informatization of Russian society. Throughout the 1990s - early 2000s. The vector of state attention to various aspects of informatization has shifted several times. At the initial stage (1991-1995), attention was largely focused on maintaining balance and regulating routine activities. At the second stage (1996-2000), the vector of attention shifted towards issues of ensuring security and control over the dissemination of information; At the same time, during the same period, the formation of value and conceptual foundations of state policy in the field of ICT intensified. At the third stage (2001-2004), increased attention began to be paid to the formation of infrastructures of state power and management in the field of ICT, as well as infrastructures of the information economy.

At the value-conceptual level, state documents of the Russian Federation declare the need for Russia to move towards building an information society in a way that is different from the European or North American one. A legal framework is proposed as the main means of state regulation and control over the process of transition to the information society.

At the same time, the community that has developed in Russia around information technology has a very ambivalent attitude towards both the programmatic statements of the state and the everyday practice of state regulation of the ICT sector. Problems of interaction between the state and society in this area were actively discussed on the pages of the Russian computer press, in particular, the weekly Computerra. Compared to the thematic structure of government documents, the topics of Computerra gravitate more towards the socio-economic and cultural spheres.

The cultural situation emerging in connection with the spread of ICT is interpreted as a humanitarian revolution, the essence of which is the transition from a hierarchical and distributive society to a network one. A fundamental cultural shift is the virtualization of social reality, and in Russia in the mid-1990s social virtualization is described in terms of an emerging market economy, as a way for a business agent to escape state pressure.

In the mid-to-late 1990s, the Russian IT press discussed new opportunities and new risks that the spread of information technology brings with it. Social risks include, first of all, the growth of opportunities for total control of human behavior in an information-rich environment. As for the risks to the human psyche, the discussion was built around the problems of computer dependence and the possibilities of modifying the psyche using a computer directly or as a metaphor (as in NLP).

Socio-economic transformations, combined with the spread of ICT, have led to a modification of the spatial structure in Russia towards a structure characteristic of the information society, i.e. consisting of a space of places and a space of flows. Moscow has become the largest concentration hub of financial, commodity, and human flows.

The spread of ICT, which has made it possible to copy any information recorded in digital form with unprecedented ease, has raised the question of whether it is advisable to try to preserve the traditional regime of protecting exclusive copyrights or create new models for extracting profit from the results of creative work. In addition, models of economic activity based on the illegal use of intellectual property (piracy) have emerged and spread.

Unlike the state, which legislates only one model for regulating copyright relations (copyright), the IT press talks in detail about both alternative approaches to legal regulation in the computer field (for example, the open source movement), and about the economic and social aspects of piracy. It can be noted that some journalists do not unequivocally condemn the activities of Russian computer pirates. One of the positive effects of pirates’ activities is often cited as the high pace of computerization in Russia due to the exclusion of software costs from the cost of computer systems (primarily home ones).

Economic reforms in Russia made possible the emergence of large private enterprises that needed new ways of organizing activities. Informatization of the corporate sector developed through the introduction of computerized systems to support enterprise activities - electronic document management systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), as well as electronic payment systems.

The development of an innovative economy in Russia is hampered by the insufficiency of the existing infrastructure of connections between technology developers and potential investors, as well as the insufficient activity of the state, which in the economic sphere rather follows the American model of informatization, assigning a significant role to private initiative and limiting itself to legislative regulation.

The government's activities in building a regulatory framework for the information society attract close attention from the computer press. The tone of publications covering rulemaking in the IT field tends to be restrained and critical.

At the same time, in the socio-political sphere, the state was inclined not to the liberal American, but to the statist Asian strategy, which provided for restrictions on human rights to receive and disseminate information. The computer press focuses attention, first of all, on the activities of the state to control the dissemination of information on the Internet (using the SORM-1 and SORM-2 systems), both criticizing the ideological motives of this activity and trying to reveal the economic interest of government bodies and individual officials in availability of control mechanisms.

The analysis of the provisions of the regulatory framework and the reflection of the social aspects of informatization in thematic media allows us to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the emerging information society in Russia (see diagram).

Strengths Weaknesses

Established industrial culture; high level of education; stabilization of the economic situation, the presence of a locomotive of the economy in the form of the raw materials sector; high rates of spread of ICT both in everyday life and in the economy; formation of the IT industry of the national economy; consensus of the state and society regarding the need for informatization; the emerging system of informatization of government activities, interaction between the state and society. contradictions in the cultural orientations of the state and parts of the IT community; sociocultural gap, difference in space-time regimes between the center and the periphery, Moscow and the provinces; poverty of a significant part of the population, which constrains the demand for ICT goods and services; criminalization of part of the IT sector (piracy); contradictions between established business practices and the need to inform the economy; insufficient infrastructure for connections between technology developers and potential investors, contradictions between the state’s liberal approach in the economic sphere and statism in the political sphere; departmental contradictions in the implementation of state informatization programs; insufficient quality of the state's human resources; insufficient quality of the legislative framework.

The formation of the information society in Russia

Prospects Risks

Widespread use of IT, the formation of a household culture of their use; further development of the IT industry; formation of an innovative economy based on an information-integrated socio-economic environment; formation of a system of effective interaction between the state and civil society using ICT. the spread of psychological dependence on the use of ICT; consolidation of the raw material nature of the economy, marginalization of the IT industry; author: itarization of the state, the use of ICT for total control of the behavior of citizens and the activities of non-governmental organizations.

Scheme. Features of the formation of the information society in Russia

1. Official documents

2. Laws of the Russian Federation, Federal laws, codes of the Russian Federation

3. Law of the Russian Federation No. 2124-1 “On the Mass Media” (as amended by Federal Law No. 112-FZ of July 25, 2002).

4. Law of the Russian Federation No. 3523-1 of September 23, 1992 “On the legal protection of programs for electronic computers and databases” (as amended by Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 177-FZ of December 21, 2002).

5. Law of the Russian Federation No. 4524-1 of February 19, 1993 “On federal bodies of government communications and information” (As amended on December 24, 1993. As of April 1, 1994).

8. Federal Law of February 16, 1995 No. 15-FZ “On Communications” (as amended on January 6, July 17, 1999).

9. Federal Law No. 24-FZ February 20, 1995 “On information, informatization and information protection.”

10. Federal Law No. 85-FZ of July 4, 1996 “On participation in international information exchange.”

12. Customs Code of the Russian Federation (approved by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on June 18, 1993 No. 5221-1) (as amended on June 30, 2002).

13. Civil Code (Part I) from ZOL 1.1994 No. 55-FZ (as amended on March 21, 2002).

14. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of June 13, 1996 No. 63-F3 (as amended on July 25, 2002).

15. Labor Code of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2001 No. 197-FZ (as amended on July 25, 2002)

16. Tax Code of the Russian Federation (parts I and II) (extracts).

17. Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2002 No. 95-FZ.1. Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation

18. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 334 On measures to comply with the law in the field of development, production, sale and operation of encryption tools, as well as the provision of services in the field of information encryption.

19. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 891 On streamlining the organization and conduct of operational-search activities using technical means.

20. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 611 On measures to ensure information security of the Russian Federation in the field of international information exchange (as amended on March 22, 2005).

21. Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation

22. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2002 N 691 “Approval of provisions on licensing of certain types of activities related to encryption (cryptographic) means.”

23. Regulations on licensing activities for the distribution of encryption (cryptographic) tools (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2002 N 691).

24. Regulations on licensing activities for the maintenance of encryption (cryptographic) means (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2002 N 691)

25. Regulations on licensing the provision of services in the field of information encryption (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 23, 2002 N691).

26. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation On ensuring access to information about the activities of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal executive authorities.

27. Regulations on the Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications of the Russian Federation (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 26, 2004 N311).

28. Regulations on the Federal Service for Supervision in the Sphere of Communications (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 N 318).

29. Regulations on the Federal Communications Agency (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 N 320).

30. Federal and interdepartmental target programs, conventions, doctrines

31. The concept of forming an information society in Russia.

32. Interdepartmental program “Digital Libraries of Russia”.

34. Federal target program “Development of a unified educational information environment for 2002-2005.”

35. Federal target program “Electronic Russia” for 2002-20101. Supreme Court decision

36. The decision of the Supreme Court of Russia in the case of September 25, 2000 declaring paragraphs illegal. 1.4. and 2.6. Order of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation N 130 on the complaint of P.I. Netupsky.

37. Departmental documents (by-laws, official explanations, agreements)

38. Letter of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated August 19, 1994 No. S1-7/OP-587 “On certain recommendations adopted at meetings on judicial arbitration practice.”

39. Letter of the State Customs Committee No. 01-15/16497 dated 06/10/99 On control of the results of intellectual activity.

40. Agreement between the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation on the implementation of technical means of the system of operational investigative measures on Russian telecommunication networks.

41. Letter of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market dated January 20, 2000 No. IB-02/229 “On possible fraudulent schemes when trading securities using the Internet.”

42. Letter of the Ministry of Taxes and Taxes of the Russian Federation dated May 11, 2000 No. VG-6-02/361@ “On the procedure for taxation of organizations posting periodicals on the Internet.”

43. Order of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation No. 130 “On the procedure for introducing a system of technical means to ensure operational investigative measures on telephone, mobile and wireless communication networks and public personal radio calls.”

44. Abdeev, R.F. Philosophy of information civilization / R.F. Ab-deev. M.: VLADOS, 1994. 336 p. - ISBN 5-87065-012-7.

45. Bell. D. Social framework of the information society / D. Bell // New technocratic wave in the West. M., 1986