Making valentines with your own hands presentation. Postcard for Valentine's Day Master class on making a greeting card - “Valentine”. Trace on paper or cardboard

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Human heart

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The heart was and remains an organ that indicates the entire state of a person. Study questions: What is the structure of the heart? What are heart phases? What is a cardiac cycle? What happens to the heart during various physical activities? Didactic goals of the project: Methodological tasks: Is human life possible with an artificial heart? - Human heart.ppt

Structure of the heart

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Structure of the heart. Aristotle. William Harvey. The structure of the heart of fish. The structure of the heart of amphibians. The structure of the heart of reptiles. The structure of the heart of birds. The structure of the mammalian heart. Human circulatory system. Find the top of the heart. Determine the size of the heart. What is the heart covered with? What is the significance of the fluid secreted by the mass covering the heart? Identify the right and left sides of the heart. Name the chambers of the heart. Find the aorta, the largest artery, and the pulmonary artery. Find the vessels flowing into the right and left halves of the heart. Locate the flapper valves in the pictures. - Structure of the heart.ppt

Work of the heart

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The structure and work of the heart. What is a heart? Is the stone hard? An apple with crimson red skin? Structure of the heart. The heart has four chambers - two atria and two ventricles. The muscular wall of the ventricles is much thicker than the wall of the atria. The middle layer (myocardium) is a powerful muscle layer. The inner layer (endocardium) is the inner epithelial layer. The heart is located almost in the center of the chest cavity and is slightly shifted to the left. Label the parts of the heart with numbers on the diagram. Interesting to know... Cardiac cycle. Blood from the atria enters the ventricles. Blood from the ventricles enters the pulmonary artery and aorta. - Work of the heart.ppt

The work of the human heart

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Structure and function of the heart

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"Structure and work of the heart." Develop cardiovascular hygiene skills. What is a heart? Is the stone hard? An apple with crimson-red skin? E. Mezhelaitis. Remember the structural features of the heart of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals? Location of the heart in the chest. Cardiac cycle - 0.8 s Atrial contraction - 0.1 s Ventricular contraction - 0.3 s Relaxation of the ventricles and atria - 0.4 s. Blood Vessels Arteries are vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Veins are vessels that carry blood to the heart. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels, 50 times thinner than a human hair. - Structure and function of the heart.ppt

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Hygiene of the cardiovascular system. Learn to substantiate the harmful effects of alcohol, nicotine, physical inactivity on the cardiovascular system. Major diseases of the cardiovascular system. Hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, etc. The influence of smoking: vasospasm, impaired blood supply to organs, gangrene of the legs, etc. Physical inactivity is insufficient physical activity. Quitting smoking and alcohol abuse. Avoiding stress, overwork and other negative situations. Rational and balanced nutrition. - Cardiac system.ppt

The cardiovascular system

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Introduction. Using the data obtained, we find the step test index. Harvard step test. Heart. It is located retrosternally in the chest. Provides blood flow through blood vessels. The work of the heart is described by mechanical phenomena (suction and expulsion). It is automatic. The heart wall consists of three layers - the epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. Location of the heart. The shape is determined by age, gender, physique, health, and other factors. The mass of the heart is approximately 220-300 g. Human cardiovascular system. Blood vessels are divided into: Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins. - Cardiovascular system.ppt

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Condition of the cardiovascular system

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Hygiene. Quality of the cardiovascular system. Performance value. The mechanism of blood movement through vessels. Biological shootout. Movement of blood through vessels. Blood pressure. Hygiene of the cardiovascular system. Arrhythmia. Condition of the cardiovascular system. Active lifestyle. Heart mass. The effect of smoking on the heart. The heart is forced to work harder. The effect of alcohol on the heart. Cough. Knowledge about the effects of alcohol. The effect of drugs on the cardiovascular system. Decreased functions of the cardiovascular system. Myocardial infarction. - Condition of the cardiovascular system.ppt

The structure of the human heart

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Heart. Phases of the cardiac cycle. Formation of knowledge and concepts about the structure of the heart. Knowledge about the circulatory system. The engine of human life. Human heart. High cardiac performance. The structure of the human heart. Cell walls. Systole. Heart contraction time. Heart performance. Experience of reviving an isolated heart. Automation. Adrenalin. Literature. - Structure of the human heart.ppt

Diagram of the structure of the heart

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The structure and work of the heart. Knowledge about the structure and functioning of the heart. Match. Mutual verification of task completion. Physician Claudius Galen. Renaissance scientist. William Harvey. Circulatory system. Location of the heart. External structure of the heart. The structure of the heart wall. Internal structure of the heart. Cardiac cycle. Phase of the cardiac cycle. The solution of the problem. Structure and functions of blood vessels. Capillaries. Circulation circles. Questions. Small circle. Monument to the heart. Homework. - Diagram of the structure of the heart.ppt

The structure and work of the human heart

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Presentation. On the topic: “Structure and work of the heart.” During an average life, approximately 5.7 million liters of blood are produced. The main function of the heart is to pump and circulate blood throughout the body. Movement must be ensured continuously. The heart muscles are supplied by the coronary (coronary) vessels. Phases of the cardiac cycle The duration of the cardiac cycle is 0.8 seconds. Regulation of heart function. - The structure and work of the human heart.pptx

Neurohumoral regulation of the heart

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Neurohumoral regulation of cardiac activity. Humoral regulation. Neurohumoral regulation of the heart. The mechanism of influence of catecholamines. Positive effects. The mechanism of action of acetylcholine. Negative effects. The influence of thyroid hormones. Effect of corticosteroids. Effect of changes in extracellular concentration of potassium ions. Effect of changes in extracellular calcium ion concentration. Endocrine function of the heart. Changes in intracellular metabolic processes. Frank-Starling law. The essence of the Frank-Starling law. The essence of the Anrep effect. The Boudici phenomenon. Influence on the activity of the heart of the cerebral cortex. -

GBOUREPUBLIC OF MARI EL

"Zvenigovskaya sanatorium boarding school"

BIOLOGY LESSON SUMMARY 8th grade

“STRUCTURE OF THE HEART AND ITS WORK”

/methodological development of a biology lesson8th grade/

Pprepared:

Rumyantseva Elena Vasilievna

biology teacher

GBOURME« ZSSHAND"

Zvenigovo,201 4

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This lesson was compiled on the basis of N.I. Sonin’s teaching materials for the biology course “Man and His Health”, grade 8. This is the 3rd lesson in the topic "Circulatory and Lymphatic systems", in form - combined. The notes reflect a creative approach to teaching biology to eighth-graders. The lesson material is a logical continuation of the previous one and a support for the subsequent one.

Due to the fact that modern educational goals orient teachers towards a competency-based approach to organizing the educational process, the lesson is expected to use elements of different technologies:

Technologies for the development of critical thinking (organization of students’ work with various sources of information; organization of collective, paired and individual, independent activities in the lesson; the stages of challenge, comprehension, reflection can be traced in the structure of the lesson);

- Andinformational (supporting lesson stages with a computer presentation);

Health-saving.

Thus, the methods and techniques used in the lesson contribute to the formation of the following competencies in students: educational and cognitive, general cultural, health-preserving, communication, information.

When preparing for the lesson, various sources were used: methodological and popular science literature, Internet resources.

BIOLOGY LESSON SUMMARY

Subject : “STRUCTURE OF THE HEART AND ITS WORK.” Slide 1.

Lesson type: learning new material.

Target: Study the structure of the heart and its work.

Tasks:

Educational: Study the structurehearts, its functions, its work,regulation.

Educational: Development of communication skills, the ability to analyze, draw conclusions, highlight the main thing during the teacher’s story.

Educational: formation of an ecological culture, the need for a healthy lifestyle.Slide 2.

Equipment: human heart models, human torso, computer, multimedia equipment.

Lesson steps:

1. Organizational moment.

2.Updating knowledge.

3. Studying new material.

5. Summing up the lesson.

5. Homework.

During the classes:

1. Organizing time.

“A hot heart and a cold one, disinterested and greedy, smart and stupid, sympathetic, kind and cruel, brave, proud and evil, stony, sensitive and generous, open and callous, deaf, black heart and golden, wounded, broken, mother’s heart and heart friend. What is my heart like?

This is what we will talk about in our lesson. Today in class we will find out what structure our heart has?

2. Updating knowledge.

In the last lesson, we studied the structure of the circulatory system and learned about the circulation circles. Let's review what you learned in the last lesson? Answer the questionsSlide 3.4.

3. Learning new material.

1. HEART POSITION .

The heart is located in the chest cavity."HEART" - means from lat.middle . Adjacent to the left lung. The apex of the heart faces down and to the left and reaches the 5th intercostal space. Base of the heartexpanded, facing up and to the right Slide 5.

2. STRUCTURE OF THE HEART

HEART- it is muscular,3-layer bag, consists of layers:

- OUTSIDE - connective tissue -EPICARD.

- AVERAGE – MYOCARDIUM- cardiac muscle tissue, thanks to which the heart contracts autonomously.

- INTERNAL – epithelial tissue –ENDOCARD.Slide 6.

Cardiac muscle -MYOCARDIUM – consists of cells –CARDIOCYTES- these are mononuclear cells, separated from each other by intercalary discs, which play an important role in the transmission of excitation throughout the myocardium.

Heart function: gives blood movement due to its contraction.

The heart is inCIRCARTICAL BAG – PERICARDIUM - connective tissue. It secretes a fluid that reduces the friction of the heart as it pumps.Slide 7.

3. THE HEART IS COMPOSED :

The heart is divided by a solid septum into 2 parts: left and right.

The heart consists of 4 chambers:

2 atria: left and right

2 ventricles: left and right.

2 right halves of the heart - contain oxygen-poor blood, but rich in carbon dioxide -DEOXYGENATED BLOOD– dark cherry color.

2 left halves of the heart - contain blood rich in oxygen, but poor in carbon dioxide -ARTERIAL BLOOD- it is scarlet in color.Slide 8.

The septum between the atria is THIN.

The septum between the ventricles is THICK.

1/10 of all blood ejected from the heart goes to supply the heart muscle. Because it needs a lot of force to contract.

An artery branches off from the aorta to the muscles of the heart. It encircles the heart in the form of a crown and is therefore calledCORONIAL artery. Slide 9.

4. Why can't blood flow in the opposite direction?

Between the atrium and ventricle are locatedvalves

In the right half betweenright atriumAndright ventricle- locatedTRICLEVELVE valve .

In the left half betweenleft atriumAndleft ventricle- locatedDOUBLE VALVE .

BetweenventriclesAndarteries – SEMILUNA VALVES.Slide 10.

Tendon threads connect the valve flaps topapillary muscles , they prevent the valve from everting from the ventricle into the atrium. When the ventricles contract, the blood presses on the valves from below, they rise and close with each other, and the blood flow is directed into the aorta from the left ventricle and into the pulmonary trunk from the right.Slide 11.

Fill out the Cardiac Cycle table.Slide 12.

Valve position

Direction of blood flow

Time, s.

Atrial contraction

SYSTOLE

Ventricular contraction

SYSTOLE

Relaxation

DIASTOLE

5. Cardiac cycle:

Atrial contraction - the leaflet valves open, blood enters the ventricle. Lasts 0.1s.

Ventricular contraction – leaflet valves close, semilunar valves open, blood is released into the aorta and arteries. Lasts 0.3 sec.

Relaxation – semilunar valves are closed, leaflet valves are open. The heart chambers are filled with a new portion of blood. Lasts 0.4s.Slide 13.

6. Regulation of heart function. Slide 14,15.

The cardiac cycle is regulated by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

Parasympathetic nervous system – slows down the heart.

Sympathetic nervous system – speeds up the heart.

4. Generalization and systematization of knowledge.

Answer the question. Slide 16, 17,18, 19.

1. What kind of blood is contained in the right half of the heart :

A. venous, b. arterial

2. What kind of blood is contained in the left half of the heart :

A. venous, b. arterial

3. What is ventricular systole, its duration?

4. What is ventricular diastole, its duration?

5. Establish a correspondence between the layers of the heart and their functions:

1. myocardium – muscle layer

2. pericardium - pericardial sac

3. endocardium - epithelial layer

4. epicardium – connective layer.

A. reducing friction during contraction

B. performs heart contraction

V. covers the organ from the outside

G. lines the organ from the inside.

6. Match which valves are located between :

1. left atrium and ventricle

2. right atrium and ventricle

3. ventricles and arteries.

A. semilunar

B. tricuspid

V. bivalve

7. Match:

1. The pulmonary circulation begins from

2. The systemic circulation begins from

3. The pulmonary circulation ends

4. The systemic circulation ends at

A. right atrium

B. left atrium

B. left ventricle

D. right ventricle

5. Summing up the lesson.

6. Homework.