Human character traits, good and bad. Properties and types of human character

Psychologists call character a combination of personality traits that determine its behavior. You can make many lists of human character traits. If two people are given the task of characterizing a third person, their lists will differ from each other. People don't think about how character affects their successes or failures. But, considering the individual qualities that make up character, it is easy to understand how they affect the personality as a whole. A person’s character traits develop depending on the type of nervous activity, heredity, and upbringing environment. They are formed throughout life. The predominance of certain traits determines a person’s lifestyle.

Human character traits: list

Many psychologists divide all character traits into 4 main groups:

• Attitude towards others;
• Attitude towards yourself;
• Attitude to material values;
• Attitude to work.

Within each group, many qualities can be identified.

For example, a list of traits of the “attitude towards others” group:

• compassion;

• respect;
• reliability;
• flexibility;
• politeness;
• the ability to forgive;
• generosity;
• Gratitude;
• hospitality;
• justice;
• meekness;
• obedience;
• loyalty;

• sincerity;
• tolerance;
• truthfulness.

Character traits: list of the “attitude towards oneself” group:

• Caution;
• Contentment (understanding that true happiness does not depend on material conditions);
• Creation;
• Determination;

• Courage;
• Attentiveness;
• Endurance;
• Faith;
• Honor;
• Initiative;
• Self-control.

“Attitude towards material values” can be characterized by the following qualities:

• Thrift;
• Organization;
• Generosity;
• Wisdom.

“Attitude to work” demonstrates the following character traits:

• Hard work;
• Enthusiasm;
• Initiative;
• Punctuality;

Psychologists also classify character traits according to volitional, emotional and intellectual characteristics. Personality properties appear in combinations. For example, kindness, generosity and hospitality are usually characteristic of the same person. When characterizing a person, others highlight leading features or a set of features. By saying, “He's a kind and sincere guy,” or “She's lazy and disorganized,” people make a point. This doesn't mean that a lazy girl can't be kind and honest. It’s just that these traits do not predominate in her behavior.

Positive and negative character traits

For harmonious interaction in all four areas (with society, material values, work and oneself), a person must demonstrate his best qualities and minimize his worst. It is traditional to highlight “pros” and “cons” in personality characteristics. Every positive trait has its opposite. Even children easily name antonyms: “good - evil”, “hardworking - lazy”, etc. It is difficult to define uniquely positive character traits. For example, for the professions of a teacher, salesperson, doctor, and waiter, such traits as goodwill, politeness, and tolerance are important. These qualities are not essential for the work of a programmer, accountant, or draftsman, who more require organization, punctuality, and responsibility.

There is a special concept of “professional character traits”. A clearly expressed quality suitable for a particular job helps a person achieve great professional success. At the same time, character is formed throughout life. The profession leaves its mark on the personality. Therefore, when they say “he is an exemplary policeman,” everyone understands that we are talking about a disciplined, courageous, fair person. The expression “teacher from God” means a kind, wise, tolerant person. A person who dreams of a good career must develop the best qualities of his profession.

Good character traits can also be controversial in the everyday sense. Being generous is good, but if, because of generosity, a person gives away necessary property, his family and himself suffer. Obedience, for which a child is praised at home and in kindergarten, can be detrimental to him and form a weak-willed, passive personality.

People understand negative character traits much easier. We can say that these qualities are universal. Anger, envy, deceit, laziness, and greed are included in the list of mortal sins of Christians. But such properties are perceived negatively by people of all faiths. Muslims consider hypocrisy to be the worst sin. Hypocrites are equally disliked in all countries and among all peoples. Negative character traits of a person, if they appear in combination, make the person very unattractive to others. Negative characters are quarrelsome neighbors, quarrelsome colleagues, evil relatives. These are people who have taken the negative aspects of their nature to the extreme.

Every person is to a certain extent deceitful, envious, and quick-tempered, but reasonable people try not to demonstrate their negative qualities to others. Negative aspects of character can be corrected. If others often say: “You are too rude,” “It’s difficult to communicate with you because of your arrogance,” you need to draw conclusions and start working on yourself. Psychologists advise writing down the negative qualities of your character on a piece of paper and working with each one individually. For example, you can remember among your friends a person who behaves exactly the opposite of you - not rude, but correct, not quick-tempered, but patient. You need to imagine yourself in a certain situation in the place of this person. At the same time, it is important to conjure up a real picture and real emotions. Such psycho-emotional training helps to reconfigure behavior and develop the desired quality in oneself.

Adaptation of character to society

Any culture, people and civilizations have certain frameworks of behavior. A person cannot exist outside of society. From childhood, a child has to adapt to the requirements of the environment - family, kindergarten, school. An adult is influenced by many social forces, from spouses to politics, religion, social class. A person’s character inevitably adapts to the demands of society. At the same time, many natural inclinations of the individual are put under pressure.

History knows many examples when brilliantly gifted people came into conflict with their environment due to the inability to lead the lifestyle that their nature required. At the same time, social norms allow a person to lead a safe life in the society around him. Such social character traits as loyalty, tolerance, and politeness allow painless contact with others. Rejection of social norms, primarily laws and morals, creates an asocial personality.

In modern psychology there is a term “national character traits”. Each nation develops certain common, typical behavior patterns among its representatives. For example:

• The peoples of Northern Europe and Americans are self-confident, honest, practical, persistent, and freedom-loving. The conservatism and subtle humor of the British, the punctuality of the Germans, and the taciturnity of the Scandinavians are well known.
• Residents of Southern Europe and Latin America are energetic, temperamental, emotional, cheerful, and sensual. A romantic Italian, a passionate Spanish woman, a charming French woman, restless Brazilians - there is a lot of reality in these stereotypes;

• Representatives of Eastern Europe (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles, Czechs) love constancy, are magnanimous, generous, selfless, sympathetic, prone to repentance and forgiveness. The widespread stereotype of the “mysterious Russian soul” has many foundations.
• The peoples of the East are much more respectful of parents and, in general, elders than Europeans. Eastern societies, much more than European ones, are characterized by hospitality, family honor, dignity, modesty, goodwill, and tolerance.

Traits of a social nature are inextricably linked with religious norms. The standards of Christian morality include the following qualities:

• Lack of envy;
• Chastity;
• Meekness;
• Generosity;
• Sociability;
• Compassion.

The influence of religious culture in the history of society is very strong. Even modern atheists in European countries consider the main Christian value - love for people - to be the best personal characteristic.

Islamic society creates the following traits in people:

• Respect for elders;
• Hospitality;
• Modesty;
• Courage;
• Humility.

Characteristics of men and women

A person’s gender plays a huge role in character formation. Not only gender characteristics develop certain qualities, but also public opinion. Standard character traits of a man:

• Leadership;
• Ability to protect;
• Inner strength;
• Reliability;
• Loyalty;

Women are guided more by intuition and feelings than by reason; they are more talkative, gentle in communication, and cunning. Of course, in most cases, women and men correspond to their gender characteristics. But it has not yet been studied in detail what influences the formation of gender traits more - nature or nurture. Often men and women have to fulfill the role that society imposes on them. For example, medieval society ordered a woman to be modest and obedient to her parents and husband. Modernity requires more independence from women.

The world is full of men and women who do not fit the accepted characteristics. Many girls have leadership and organizational skills. And, conversely, a large number of men are delicate, non-aggressive and emotional.

At what age is character formed?

Any mother who has raised several children will say that all her babies were completely different from infancy. Even infants react differently to food, bathing, and play. There are temperamental, noisy babies, and there are quiet and inactive ones. Heredity plays a role here, as well as natural temperament, which depends on physique, health and upbringing conditions.

A child's character traits develop under the influence, first of all, of the family. Responsible, loving parents already at the age of three or four years see what type of temperament the child has by nature: choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, or melancholic. Depending on innate qualities, a positive, socially acceptable character can be formed. If there is no love and attention for children in a family, they are less likely to grow up friendly and hardworking. On the other hand, the examples of many outstanding politicians, writers, and artists who grew up in disadvantaged conditions confirm the importance of innate character traits and self-education.

Was last modified: August 2nd, 2016 by Elena Pogodaeva

Every person is endowed with a unique, personal character from birth. A child can inherit certain traits from his parents, some show them to a greater extent, while others are completely different from any of the family members. But character is not the behavior of parents projected onto the child; it is a more complex mental phenomenon. The list of positive ones is very long. In this article we will try to highlight the main character traits.

person?

Translated from Greek, the word “character” means “distinctive feature, sign.” Depending on the type of their psychological organization, people find their soul mates, establish relationships, and build their entire lives. Human character is a unique set of mental characteristics, personality traits that play a decisive role in various aspects of a person’s life and are manifested through his activities.

To understand the character of an individual, it is necessary to analyze his actions en masse. Judgments about morality can be very subjective, because not every person acts as his heart tells him. However, it is possible to identify individual stable character traits by studying behavior for a long time. If a person makes the same decision in different situations, draws similar conclusions and demonstrates a similar reaction, then this indicates that he has one or another trait. For example, if someone is responsible, then his behavior both at work and at home will meet this criterion. If a person is cheerful by nature, a one-time manifestation of sadness against the background of general positive behavior will not become a separate character trait.

Character Formation

The process of character formation begins in early childhood, in the child’s first social contacts with his parents. For example, excessive love and care can later become the key to a stable characteristic of a person’s psyche and make him dependent or spoiled. That is why many parents are especially attentive to instilling positive character traits in their children. They get pets so that the baby can feel what responsibility is, assign him to do small chores around the house, teach him to put away his toys and explain that not all wishes and whims can be fulfilled.

The next stage is kindergarten and school. The child already has the basic character traits, but at this stage they can still be corrected: you can wean the little personality off greed and help get rid of excessive shyness. In the future, as a rule, the formation and change of character traits are possible only when working with a psychologist.

Character or temperament?

Very often these two concepts are confused with each other. Indeed, both character and temperament shape human behavior. But they have a fundamentally different nature. Character is a list of acquired mental properties, while temperament is of biological origin. Possessing the same temperament, people can have completely different characters.

There are 4 types of temperament: impetuous and unbalanced choleric, unhurried and imperturbable phlegmatic, easy and optimistic sanguine and emotionally vulnerable melancholic. At the same time, temperament can restrain certain character traits, and vice versa, character can compensate for temperament.

For example, a phlegmatic person with a good sense of humor will still be stingy in showing emotions, but this will not prevent him from demonstrating a sense of humor, laughing and having fun in the appropriate society.

List of positive human qualities

The list of positive and negative qualities of a person is huge. Initially, all definitions regarding the nature and essence of a person, his behavior are subjective. Society has established certain norms that allow us to determine how positive or negative a particular personality trait or action is. However, there are the highest qualities of a person that demonstrate his virtue and good intentions. Their list looks like this:

• altruism;
• reverence for elders;
• kindness;
• fulfillment of promises;
• moral;
• responsibility;
• loyalty;
• perseverance;
• moderation;
• responsiveness;
• honesty;
• sincerity;
• selflessness and others.

These qualities, along with their derivatives, constitute the nature of the true beauty of a person's character. They are laid down in the family; in the process of upbringing, children copy the behavior of their parents, and therefore a well-educated person will have all these highest qualities.

List of negative human qualities

The list of positive and negative qualities of a person can take a long time to form, since there are a lot of them. Attributing to a person the presence of a negative character quality based solely on his action or behavior will be completely wrong. You can't put labels on anyone, even the most well-mannered may actually believe that they are endowed with, say, greed or arrogance. However, if this behavior is a pattern, then the conclusion will be obvious.

The list of negative traits, as well as positive ones, is huge. The most basic and common ones look like this:

• lack of will;
• irresponsibility;
• harmfulness;
• greed;
• malice;
• deceit;
• hypocrisy;
• hatred;
• selfishness;
• intolerance;
• greed and others.

The presence of such character traits in a person is not a diagnosis; they can and should be dealt with even in adult, conscious age, and correct behavior.

Character traits that manifest themselves in relation to other people

We have compiled a list of positive and negative human qualities. Now we will talk about character traits that manifest themselves in relation to other people. The fact is that depending on in relation to whom or what a person performs an action or deed, a specific individual feature of him is revealed. In society, he can demonstrate the following qualities:

• communication skills;
• responsiveness;
• sensitivity to other people's moods;
• respect;
• arrogance;
• egocentrism;
• coarseness;
• isolation and others.

Of course, a lot depends on the conditions in which a person finds himself: even the most open and sociable person can experience problems communicating with a strict, closed and heartless person. But, as a rule, polite people endowed with positive qualities easily adapt to society and suppress their negative traits.

Character traits manifested in work

Building a person’s career directly depends on the qualities of his character. Even the most talented and gifted people can fail because they are not responsible enough for their work and their talent. By doing so, they only harm themselves and do not give themselves the opportunity to reach their full potential.

Or, on the contrary, there are cases where the lack of talent was more than compensated for by special diligence in work. A responsible and careful person will always achieve success. Here is a list of the main character traits:

• hard work;
• responsibility;
• initiative;
• accuracy;
• sloppiness;
• laziness;
• negligence;
• passivity and others.

These two groups of character traits actively overlap with each other, since work activity and communication between people are inseparably linked.

Character traits manifested in relation to oneself

These are the traits that characterize his self-perception in relation to himself. They look like this:

• feelings of self-worth or superiority;
• honor;
• arrogance;
• self-criticism;
• egocentrism;
• self-adoration and others.

Character traits manifested in relation to things

Attitude to things does not affect the building of a person’s social connections, but demonstrates and reveals the best or unsightly qualities of his nature. These are traits such as:

• accuracy;
• thrift;
• scrupulousness;
• sloppiness and others.

Mentality, qualities of a Russian person

Mentality is a very subjective concept, and it is based on stereotypical thinking. However, it cannot be denied that certain traits are inherent in one or another nationality. Russian people are famous for their cordiality and hospitality, and cheerful disposition. The Russian soul throughout the world is considered mysterious and incomprehensible, since Russians are not distinguished by the rationality and logic of their actions, and are often influenced by mood.

Another feature of the Russian people is sentimentality. A Russian person instantly adopts the feelings of another and is always ready to share emotions with him and lend a helping hand. One cannot help but mention another trait - compassion. Historically, Russia has helped its neighbors at all borders of the country, and today only a heartless person will ignore the misfortune of another.

He is kind-hearted, sympathetic, joyful. When talking about someone, we do not spare glorious words, but character is a multifaceted concept, and in order to give an accurate description of a person, it is a little easy to praise or scold him. Follow our instructions and your collation will be accurate and unbiased.

Instructions

1. First, determine the person’s character type. Lively and excitable, sociable people are usually classified as choleric; there are also melancholic and sanguine people (something in between the first two). The division is quite arbitrary, let this first collation become the starting point.

2. Next, you should realize how a person builds relationships with the outside world. People who need communication and are sociable are extroverts. Introverts are those who focus on their inner world and limit contact with the outside.

3. A person's character is manifested differently in his actions; they speak for themselves. It happens that a boy, who always considered himself a coward, acts like a hero in an extreme situation. Observe how the collation given by a person to himself comes into opposition with his behavior in life.

4. The identified objections will help you find not only obvious, but also character traits hidden from prying eyes. Let's say a girl who blames someone for immoral behavior starts an affair with a married man in front of everyone. Don't rush to write her down as a scoundrel. It is permissible that in this way her hidden character is revealed, the one that she persistently refutes.

5. There are also major discrepancies between how a person characterizes himself and how he is seen from the outside. Ask what everyone you know thinks about your neighbor Masha, and you will be amazed at the range of opinions. By carefully conducting follow-up surveys, you are likely to identify some recurring patterns. They will become a guide for you.

6. Use a clever trick. Ask the person to tell you what they think about others. When we describe others, we often describe ourselves. Notice what he condemns. Often we don’t like in others what we don’t accept in ourselves.

7. Bring all the information received together, add personal feelings. If possible, conduct testing according to the method of Smishek, Eysenck, or select psychological surveys from famous magazines. You will be able to compare the results of your own impromptu research with test data.

Describe girl allowed in prose, poetry, song, affectionately, tenderly, with epithets, superlatives. The main thing is to convey in the presentation her truthful disposition and the beauty of her soul.

Instructions

1. If you need to describe a girl, then you can approach this issue either pragmatically or creatively. In the first case, be truthful, conscientiously describe her character traits, appearance, preferences. Do not attribute unnecessary qualities if you are not sure of them. Don't underestimate her abilities, even if the girl is not attractive to you. Be honest with yourself.

2. If you approach the issue creatively, you will need to use your imagination. Feel free to use metaphors and a sense of humor. Even if the girl herself does not see your presentation, you should not use offensive words or unflattering comparisons. And under no circumstances invent something that doesn’t actually exist. And even more so, do not distort the facts, no matter from which side you see them. When a girl is nice to you, it won’t be difficult to describe her.

3. Follow the dictates of your heart and receive a sincere presentation. Use comparisons, metaphors, but never offensive ones. If a girl loves sports, then she is “swift, like a doe, “graceful, like an antelope. A creative figure is “subtly sensitive, “in harmony with the surrounding world. And so on, depending on the girl’s character and preferences.

Character– the community of mental traits that make up the figure person. It manifests itself in external actions person: actions, attitude towards surrounding people and objects. In fact, it is unthinkable to define character by any other criterion than behavior.

Instructions

1. The defining specificity of morality is character. Psychologists believe that this trait does not change throughout life, but its intensity may change. The character system is based on the doctrine of 2 types of behavior - introverted and extroverted. Character An introvert is defined by external isolation, a person shuns huge, loud companies, and limits his circle of friends to one or two people. An extrovert, on the contrary, is focused on the outside world and has a large number of contacts and acquaintances. The peculiarities of his character are expressed in behavior much stronger than that of an introvert, due to the fact that he is not used to hiding feelings and limiting external manifestations.

2. Recently, some psychologists have begun to identify the 3rd type of behavior - ambivert (Latin ambi - around). A person of this type feels equally comfortable in large and small companies, in front of people and in solitude. His personality may show traits of both an introvert and an extrovert.

3. An extroverted person is prone to impulsive behavior. Depending on the type of character (choleric or sanguine), it differs in a correspondingly higher or lower reaction speed. It is difficult for such people to concentrate on monotonous work. Sanguine people tend to scatter their energy on several things at once and end up giving up everything halfway. Cholerics, for their incontinence, often cause disapproval and irritation among introverts, especially phlegmatic people. The gesticulation of these 2 types is energetic and sweeping.

4. Introverts (phlegmatic and melancholic) at the first meeting create a feeling of calm and balance, because their external manifestations are cautious and almost invisible. Phlegmatic people can be identified by their slowness, even to the point of some lethargy, but for them such behavior is the norm, caused by the need to think about the entire step. In this regard, they feel such hostility towards choleric people, who react to every event instantly, without hesitation or regard to the future. Melancholic people are prone to self-pity, depression and melancholy, but they reveal their experiences only in extreme cases and only to very close friends.

In life, you basically meet new people all day long. This happens both at work and at home. Communication with an unknown person is invariably difficult; you don’t know how he might react to your words, how he will behave in a particular situation. According to psychologists, realize character person permitted based on certain external signs, including gait. We believe that knowledge is valued person by the way he walks, he will be suitable for you.

Instructions

1. Characteristic for person the way he moves can tell a lot, even about his sexual preferences. Successful, self-confident people move relaxed and freely. While walking, their body is relaxed, but the step itself is light and springy. Such a person walks with his shoulders straightened, his head slightly raised and his chin slightly forward. Once in bed with you, he will conquer you with his ardor and pressure.

2. A woman who is confident in herself and understands that she is being admired maintains her posture perfectly, with her shoulders slightly lowered, her shoulder blades pulled together and her chest turned out. At the same time, she tries not to turn her body in order to look at something, but limits herself to turning her head. Even if she walks in heels, she moves gracefully and quickly.

3. The gait of the absent-minded and forgetful person, be it a woman or a man, dancing a little. When you look at him, you get the feeling that music that only he can hear is playing in his head, and he is moving at its tempo. It is difficult for such a person to concentrate; he often forgets not only his promises, but also the information that he recently received from you. Traditionally, such people do not delve into the problems of others, choosing to immediately forget about them. In bed, they are busy only with their own experiences and pleasure.

4. A creeping, seemingly uncertain gait with emphasis on the toes can character ize person as modest and not like to draw attention to his person. He is often unsociable, withdrawn, sad, suspicious and taciturn. He is a misanthrope and does not flatter himself at anyone’s expense, is careful with connections and acquaintances, and chooses to begin communication only after receiving advance recommendations. His behavior in bed is rather monotonous and dreary.

5. A measured, unhurried, “floating” gait is characteristic of self-confident, peaceful people. They are intelligent and reasonable and apply these qualities by consistently making informed and thoughtful decisions. Impulsiveness is alien to them, and it is virtually impossible to piss them off. They are often overly conservative and choose a typical genre in both clothing and art. If he is truly in love, then he can be passionate in bed, although even here he will choose regular sex.

6. You yourself can continue this systematization, based on an overview of the behavior and moving habits of your friends. Using these skills, at the very first meeting you will be able to make a judgment about any person, his traits character and hobbies.

Video on the topic

The question of the influence of a person’s appearance on his character has been troubling people for a long time. One of the first to try to establish this connection was the German psychiatrist and psychologist Ernest Kretschmer. In accordance with its systematization, it is possible to distinguish three main body types, all of which correspond to a certain socio-psychological type.

Instructions

1. “Picnics” As usual, these are obese people of short stature, owners of short and plump limbs, a round head sitting on a short neck, and a wide face with soft features. Typically, people with this body type are cheerful, active, sociable and talkative. They have an excellent sense of humor and easily cope with life's adversities. Despite the fact that people of this type do not bother to gain authority and are indifferent to power, they easily defend their own position. Moreover, they do it calmly and without “losing face.” They are burdened to build their relationships with people according to a certain scheme that is comfortable for them, and they achieve this with ease.

2. “Athletes” These are people with well-developed muscles and skeleton. As usual - medium or tall height. They have a wide chest, strong shoulders, tight hips, long and dense limbs. The facial bones are convex. “Athletes” have assertiveness and determination. They are leaders and invariably have a desire to dominate. Very energetic and sociable. Athletics need to be in the spotlight. They persistently pursue their goals and do not actually take into account the judgment and feelings of other people. Quite unbalanced and impulsive.

3. “Asthenics” People of the asthenic type usually have a rather fragile physique. They have tight shoulders, long and thin limbs, and an elongated and flat chest. The face of “asthenics” is slightly elongated, and the skin is thin and pale. These people are reserved and uncommunicative. They are prone to contemplation and reflection. Traditionally, they have aristocratic habits. At the same time, “asthenics” are very ambitious and painfully proud. They yearn for recognition and have a hard time coping with failures. This type of people is characterized by such qualities as authority, egocentrism and sensitive coldness.

A person’s character is reflected in his behavior and communication with other people. And the sooner you realize it and consider it, the easier it will be to build a relationship with the figure that worries you.

Instructions

1. Determine your character type. Character is made up of the features of his figure; it influences a person’s behavior. And this is precisely the best indicator. People are divided into two main types - extroverts and introverts. They are easy to identify: an introvert is invariably withdrawn, refuses loud companies, and chooses loneliness. An extrovert is his complete opposite - he loves noise and crowds, is always the center of attention, and is not afraid to show emotions. Having decided on the type, pay attention to its behavior in small details to confirm the correctness of the choice.

2. Introverts are represented by melancholic and phlegmatic people. Both of them will seem at first glance to be peaceful, balanced people. Introverts are closed, closed from prying eyes, and do not show emotions. With subsequent acquaintance, you will notice in them sadness, a depressive mood, they constantly feel sorry for themselves, but will never tell you about it. All these signs belong to melancholic people. But, despite their similar sad state, they will never share their feelings with you. Phlegmatic people are somewhat similar to melancholic people, but they are distinguished by extreme slowness in actions, gait, reasoning and speech. They scrupulously think about the action they are going to take, and try to stay at home so as not to encounter overly energetic people with whom they easily cannot keep up.

3. Extroverts are sanguine and choleric. Both types are prone to activity and some impulsiveness, they are absent-minded, cannot concentrate on one thing and often refuse monotonous work. Their movements are energetic, somewhat steep. Cholerics are characterized by intemperance and harshness. Sanguine people are easy to consider in relation to business - they are zealous to take on as much as is allowed, they do all the things at once, but as a result they lack energy and they give up everything at once, without completing a single undertaking.

Video on the topic

A sanguine person is an attorney of one of the subtypes of character, characterized by sensitive stability, as well as extroversion of character in terms of communication skills.

Instructions

1. Take a closer look at the character of a sanguine person. If a person has this type of character, then you will certainly see that he is in a cool mood more often than anyone else. Such a positive attitude is provided to him by sensitive stability on one scale and extroversion of character on another. Extroversion influences mainly in the sense that it allows others to observe the inner optimism of a sanguine person.

2. Pay attention to the behavior of a sanguine person when he is among a large number of people. This person will never get lost in a crowd, even if it is a crowd of people unknown to him. Extroversion of character is also manifested in the fact that a sanguine person does not easily feel comfortable among a large number of people, but also strives to get close to everyone, strives to make a lot of acquaintances, to get to know the whole person, to make him his friend. You will never see a sanguine person alone at any party; he invariably communicates with someone, shares, and gets close to them.

3. Notice how a person with a sanguine disposition behaves in a stressful or conflict situation. The character of a sanguine person allows him to either avoid a conflict situation, or be able to perfectly smooth out corners, skillfully getting out of an arrangement. It is easier for a sanguine person to apologize than to enter into a heated argument, one that could lead to discord. However, this does not mean that a sanguine person is not ready to enter into an argument and retort. A person’s character has nothing to do with his mental abilities or interests. A sanguine person will gladly enter into an exciting conversation, however, while a melancholic person will, after losing an argument, become sad, say, the sanguine person will not even notice any trouble.

4. However, think about the fact that a sanguine person will almost never become a close friend to you if you yourself are not the same sanguine person. The fact is that a sanguine person has no need for deep close friendships. He moves from one friend to another, getting along well with all of them, but not becoming attached to any of them. This doesn't mean that if you are an introvert and need one exceptional soulmate, then you don't need to look for one among sanguine people. You just need to be prepared for the fact that the extroverted trait of people with this character will not allow them to limit themselves only to you. Thus, you will have to share your sanguine friend with other people, because his sociability is one of the main traits of his character.

Appearance is a person’s calling card. Some people don’t even suspect the feeling they make on others with their outfit. Behavior and the habit of presenting oneself are an integral part of the image of any figure.

It is difficult to answer this question unambiguously. It all depends on the time and place in which you met the person. Remember the film “Moscow Doesn’t Believe in Tears,” where the main character on the train paid attention first of all to the shoes of one of the characters, George. What has changed these days?

Appearance is a mirror of professions and hobbies

When we first see a person, we unconsciously or deliberately evaluate his knowledge of presenting himself with the support of appearance. Many people find it difficult to choose clothes, shoes and hairstyles according to their inner world. The profession leaves its mark on the appearance of the figure. If in front of us is a man in a strict classic suit or a lady dressed formally, then we can assume that these are office workers with their own dress code. This image makes others realize that they are responsible, meticulous experts. It is for this reason that psychologists advise those who are planning to get a job to choose their wardrobe wisely before appearing for an interview with the employer. And what can we say about the young creature, whose hair, makeup, shoes and clothes you see in permanently black, slightly sinister colors? Positively! Before us is an advocate of the Gothic movement. Clothes, before everyone else, are designed to express uniqueness. Therefore, it is with the color black that the attorney is ready to show others his passion and cordial attitude. This image is highlighted by a figure from the crowd and makes it clear that a person is in search, is ready to change and enter a different tier in his development. Creative figures more often than others use clothes in their wardrobe that differ from generally accepted norms in their originality. And if the outfit is also supplemented with various accessories, then the person looks completely strange. The owner of such an external image emphasizes his originality. Does the appearance truly help us characterize the figure? That's a moot point. If a person is dressed to the nines and has a presentable appearance, this does not mean that he is as thorough and confident as he is trying to express. It happens that such equipment hides a vulnerable, wavering figure. In a different situation, clothing that does not express anything can cause a false impression of a person. But in reality he will turn out to be an extremely extraordinary figure. By the way, many public people can hide from fans in this way.

Addition to appearance

Does the expression of the eyes, excellent posture and graceful gait relate to appearance? Unconditionally, yes. Have you noticed that sometimes a girl dressed in ordinary jeans and a T-shirt evokes an irresistible desire to follow her? A light gait, a straight back, an open face and eyes with a sparkle make her invisible. Gestures and facial expressions of people are wonderfully characterized by the figure, showing the inner qualities of a person. Dynamic and open people rarely sit on a chair with their legs crossed or their arms clasped across their chest. Closed people tend to isolate themselves from the outside world with such gestures as if signaling: “Stop! Access closed". It is also possible to place emphasis on what characterizes a person’s appearance. This is not only clothes, hairstyle, gait and facial expressions, but also laughter, intonations in the voice and a special look. The main thing is to know that on the subconscious level we tend to feel a person’s energy. If she is warm and friendly, then we will feel it without understanding why this or that person attracted us. It is the internal state of the figure that forces us to sympathize or feel indifference to this individual, regardless of whether he is dressed in the latest fashion or not. Clothes and other components of a person’s external image are significant, but they are assessed only at the initial stage. It happens that the first feeling is false, and a person will open up to us only when he feels sensitive comfort. And we, in turn, will excuse his unattractive jacket and worn-out sneakers.

A person’s character traits are what others use to form an opinion about him. Personality traits determine her behavior, attitude towards herself and others, motivation, and achievements. Knowing what motivates a person, on the basis of which he makes decisions, you can objectively evaluate him, figure out whether he is suitable for a relationship, friendship, or work.

Primary and secondary traits

Character properties are divided into primary and secondary. It is necessary to consider them exclusively comprehensively; this is the only way to form an objective opinion about a person.

Primary

Primary traits have a constant influence on a person, but are not always manifested. For example, if a person is sociable, this does not mean that in a new or large group of people he will be the life of the party.

The primary properties include the following:

• Presence of intelligence. A person cannot always show off his knowledge in any area, but at the same time he will remain an interesting interlocutor who knows how to maintain a conversation.
• Openness or restraint. These properties can be considered at the first meeting. Does the person start a conversation on a new topic first, ask questions, or make any suggestions. He himself may not show initiative, but if questions are asked to him, he answers openly and completely. All this indicates openness.
• Submission or dominance. Of course, these traits manifest themselves most clearly in situations where one can take on the role of a commander, but they are also easy to see in a normal environment. The dominant is not afraid to take responsibility, is full of enthusiasm, and is brimming with ideas. The subordinate waits for ideas from others, it is easier for him to take on the role of a performer, perhaps even a very conscientious one, but he just needs someone to tell him what exactly needs to be done.

The primary traits include the pairs “variability-conscientiousness”, “timidity-bravery”, “carelessness-seriousness”, “suspiciousness-gullibility”, etc. At the same time, the primary characteristics of a person do not always work. If there are doubts about the correctness of the assessment, it is necessary to repeat the session, date, interview to obtain secondary data.

Secondary

Secondary ones reflect a reaction to a specific situation. These include:

• practicality or a penchant for fantasy;
• openness or secrecy;
• confidence or anxiety;
• craving for experimentation or conservatism;
• dependence on other people's opinions or self-sufficiency;
• tension or relaxation.

Each person is individual, which is reflected in primary traits, habits, and reactions. Not all properties have the same value; only the most striking and repeating qualities should be the basis for evaluation.

Surface and deep properties

Psychologist Raymond Catell studied two such character traits - superficial and deep.

Superficial

According to Catell, these traits are determined by the environment. They seem to lie on the surface. But if an individual behaves in the same way in different situations, even a superficial quality should be used in the analysis.

For example, if a timid person suddenly stood up for a friend, this also means that another time or under other conditions he will do the same. His action suggests that he acted bravely, but he is not a brave man.

Deep

These are fundamental traits that are usually innate. Individuality is more often expressed precisely in deep qualities of character that remain unchanged in any situation. They are not influenced by cultural, religious or other factors.

3 planes of assessment

To describe a person’s character, you need to consider him in three planes:

• acceptability;
• constancy;
• uniqueness.

Eligibility

Acceptable are qualities of character that are usually liked by the majority and are considered positive in society. For example, generosity, honesty, responsiveness. Everyone will call self-centeredness, greed, and rudeness negative. These traits are unacceptable and condemned by society.

When describing a character, you need to take into account that negative and positive traits can easily coexist in him, often they come as a “set”:

• ambition and toughness;
• intelligence and arrogance;
• kindness and reliability;
• generosity and irresponsibility.

Uniqueness

It must be taken into account that despite the typology, similarities, attempts of psychologists to classify people by type, we are all unique. Personality traits can be combined in different ways to create individuality. Very often you can hear the phrases “all girls are the same”, “all men need only one thing”, “according to the horoscope, Scorpios are all the same.” This is fundamentally wrong; regardless of the similarities, every person has a chance to reveal himself.

Consistency and habits

Consistency is the same behavior in similar situations and conditions. You need to be able to distinguish it from habits. They are much narrower and more limited. If you combine several habits together, you can get one character trait. For example, if a person runs every morning, this does not indicate his strength of character, but if we add to this proper nutrition, the ability to give up alcohol and stick to a certain schedule, then all this can be combined, for example, into determination or pedantry.

Assessment methods

To evaluate a person, the following methods will help:

• Observation in the natural environment. For example, when a girl wants to get to know a guy better, she should spend his usual day with him - meet friends, do what he likes. This will allow her to immerse herself in his life, to see it from the inside.
• Setting problems and finding solutions. Another type of observation that is suitable for assessing employees or applicants. A classic interview does not always make it possible to identify the necessary character traits. To better assess a potential employee, you can verbally model a situation for him and ask him to live it - to find a way out of some situation, to make a difficult decision.
• Pros and cons analysis. This method of assessment is very primitive and cannot give an objective assessment, however, it is used very often. A sheet is taken, drawn in half, the positive traits of the person are written on one side, and the negative ones on the other. To make the analysis more accurate, you can describe not only the personality traits themselves, but also his actions.

How to describe a person's character?

This can be done from several positions:

• His attitude towards me, his attitude towards himself, his attitude towards the world. These are three points that can only be considered as a whole. For example, a person treats himself and his loved ones well, but he won’t care if his neighbor’s dog dies. A man can be kind in principle, and then his kindness towards a particular girl does not at all mean deep feelings, it is simply a trait of his character.
• Spiritual, material, physical. You can describe a person by assessing his spiritual values, attitude towards money, and physical characteristics. For example, a person who practices ballroom dancing knows how to demonstrate himself; athletes are characterized by determination and perseverance. In relation to money, we can conclude about commercialism, generosity, success, hoarding, squandering, and responsibility.
• Education, ability to transform. From this position, it is possible to determine which traits were cultivated in a person and which ones he acquired, whether he is able to change and what motivates him to do so.

Character traits are always individual. People with the same traits can evoke different emotions and impressions. When conducting an assessment, you need to remain casual and try not to turn the process into an inquiry.

To form an opinion about a person, it is enough to simply characterize him, that is, choose words that characterize the person. What words, arguments or beliefs are suitable for this? For example, the formulation of qualities: he is serious, attentive, responsive, skillful, dexterous. And the attitude towards a person is completely different from these words. Words define a lot. The content of words is important for a person, his true face and his perception of reality. How to characterize a person? So let's take a look:

What characterizes a person?

It is necessary to write down the individual qualities of a person, which undoubtedly characterize him as a person. What is he like?

• Creativity: a person is able to think creatively and find a way out of hopeless situations.
• Pedantry: a person is able to follow clear rules and instructions. He strictly adheres to their implementation.
• Neatness: a person is able to always be neat and clean.
• Workaholism: capable of working long hours.
• Diligence: a person is able to fulfill all requirements from above and all instructions.
• Organizer: able to organize the work process and any holiday.
• Skills to develop oral or written communication.
• What grades did you get?
• Selfishness: a person thinks only about himself and his desires.
• Altruism: a person thinks about others.
• His temperament. A person's temperament is characterized by his physiology.

Characterize the context and external environment

• Complete, single-parent or intelligent family
• Relationships with people are friendly or conflictual
• Personality temperament: choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic, sanguine
• Extrovert or introvert
• Compliance with personal goals and public interests in society
• Whether the employee is in the public interest.
• How he compares his goals socially.
• how his goals are achieved.
• Is the person expected to move up the career ladder, career growth?

Adjectives that characterize a person

What adjectives characterize a person? Let's give examples of adjectives. So:

• Adjectives of masculinity: dexterous, strong, strong, courageous.
• Adjectives of ability: resourceful, attentive, intelligent, quick-witted
• Adjectives of labor discipline: lazy, hardworking, active, proactive
• Personality adjectives: friendly, decent, attentive, caring, hyperactive, mercantile and so on.
• Adjectives that characterize character accentuation: hysteroid type, hyperthymic, asthenoneurotic, psychasthenic, schizoid, and so on.

Qualities that characterize a person

What characterizes a person as a person? Such qualities include, for example: business acumen, dedication, perseverance in achieving goals, in finding a way out of any conflict situations, natural intelligence and delicacy, intuition, adequate assessment of the situation.

Qualities that characterize a person must be used not only in a resume, interview, or for a special description, for career advancement - words that define personality qualities are necessary for all of us. Because we are people and because we have a need for them. What kind of words are these? Words are compliments, words that help to understand the essence of a person, his character, ambitions and temperament. Let's look at them. Traits that characterize a person:

Here, accentuations of a person’s character may be suitable, by which one can understand the dominant character of a person:

1. Hysterical or demonstrative type. Its features: egocentrism, selfishness, the need for recognition of actions and personal characteristics, thirst for attention.
2. Hyperthymic type. Its main features: sociability, mobility, independence.
3. Asthenoneurotic type – anxiety, fatigue when communicating, irritability
4. Psychosthenic type - indecision, love of introspection, and endless reasoning
5. Schizoid type - isolation, detachment from what is happening around, unsociability.
6. Sensitive - timidity, shyness, touchiness, sensitivity, impressionability.
7. Epileptoid or excitable – sad and angry mood. Low speed of thinking, emotional inertia, scrupulousness, conservatism.
8. Emotionally labile - constantly changing mood.
9. An infantile dependent is an eternal child who does not take responsibility for his actions and prefers to delegate them to others.
10. Unstable type - craving for entertainment, pleasure, idleness, lack of will, weakness, cowardice

The thing is that all words, traits, qualities, adjectives that characterize a person are conditional. Why? What does this mean? The following: firstly, everything is subjective. Who assesses that Vasya is weak and Petya is strong? Who are the judges? All opinions, all definitions and views on life are conditional. It is impossible to simply think according to a certain type. Because for one beloved or one boss, Vasya is the best husband or employee, the one who fits his psychotype, and for another boss with a different temperament, the same Vasya is an unsuitable employee, an inept organizer. Because there is no person on earth so objective as to label one person and not label another. Because, no matter how objective and philosophically thinking a person, a wise and understanding psychologist, he is not able to assess the situation with the degree of objectivity that this person possibly needs! And our task is to attract people who shine with us on the same wavelength.