Location
Krasnoyarsk region, Taimyr region
A country
Square
The largest in area of all reserves in Eurasia
Date of foundation
The purpose of creating the reserve
Preservation and study in their natural state of unique Arctic ecosystems, rare and endangered species of plants and animals of the northern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula and adjacent islands.
Polar bear
The king of the Arctic, the polar bear, is a relatively common species in the reserve. On the islands it is found all year round, on the mainland, mainly in winter, and more often in the very north. It is extremely rare for a bear to enter inland areas, far from the coast. What threatens polar bears: poaching, global warming (melting glaciers), environmental pollution.
Nature of the Great Arctic Reserve
Due to the severity of the climate, the main type of vegetation in the tundra is lichens, which can withstand the harsh conditions of the Arctic. For a number of higher plants, annual flowering turns out to be impossible. In this regard, there are no bulbous plants here, and there are practically no annuals. Arctic plants are low-growing, their branches are spread out on the ground, and their root systems grow mainly in the horizontal direction. Among the shrubs, the most striking representative is the polar willow. Herbaceous plants are represented by sedges, cotton grass, and cereals. The Arctic desert is practically devoid of vegetation: there are no shrubs, lichens and mosses do not form a continuous cover.
Animals of the Great Arctic Nature Reserve
One of the typical features of Arctic faunas are insects: spiders, beetles, bumblebees.
The bird fauna of the Great Arctic Nature Reserve includes 124 species. Typical inhabitants of the tundra are the snowy owl and the tundra partridge, which do not leave the harsh Taimyr region in winter. Birds such as the Siberian eider, ivory and pink gulls do not leave the Polar Basin almost all year round. Waterfowl are one of the main objects of protection in the reserve. Four species of geese, little swan and four species of ducks nest here. The red-breasted goose is a rare species, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The fauna of birds of prey in the reserve is not rich. The main nesting birds are peregrine falcon and white-tailed eagle; there are rare species of gulls: pink gull, fork-tailed gull, and white gull. The mammal fauna of the reserve includes 16 species, 4 of them are marine animals. Lemmings. The number of predators - arctic fox, woolly buzzard, skuas - depends on the number of lemmings. Wild reindeer are found throughout the reserve. The distribution of wolves in Northern Taimyr is focal.
“Kuril Nature Reserve” - Salmon species native to the Sea of Okhotsk live here. Yuzhno-Kurilsk (administrative center of the Yuzhno-Kuril region). On the slopes of the volcano (1819m) the altitudinal zonation of vegetation is most clearly represented. Volcano Tyatya. 7 species of bats have been recorded. Kuril Nature Reserve. There are 3 species of amphibians found on the island.
“Alakol Nature Reserve” - In the last 35 years, Sredny Island has gained the greatest international fame. People call the islands Stone. Onagash, Zhalykol, Pelikanya and Baklanya Kurya, and in the western part - between lakes. Climate. initially amounted to 12,520 hectares, then it was increased to 20,743 hectares. Animals. Alakol-Sasykkol lake system.
"Caucasian Reserve" - nents - soils and vegetation. Soils vary from subtropical yellow soils in the foothills to primitive mountain soils in the highlands. Among the birds, representatives of the orders Passeriformes and Falconiformes predominate. About 2% of the reserve's territory is covered by rivers and lakes. The Caucasus Nature Reserve is a rich treasure trove of biodiversity that has no analogues in Russia.
“Reserves of Belarus” - My country. Only certain types of economic activity are prohibited here. Polesie radiation-ecological reserve. Natural resources of Belarus. National Park “Braslav Lakes”. Environmental protection. Reserves and national parks of Belarus. Don’t say rude words, only give kind ones!
“Arctic desert zone” - Natural zones of Russia. Zone. Tundra and forest-tundra zone. Water. Red algae. The first Arctic explorers. Green ice floe. Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Peculiarities. Forest zone. The formation of natural zones is determined by climatic conditions, i.e. the ratio of heat and moisture. Arctic desert zone.
“Lesson Arctic Desert Zone” - Lichen. Dead ends. Moss. Auk. Vegetation. Animal world. Saxifrage. Polar bear. Guillemot. Arctic. Arctic gull. Arctic desert zone. Arctic desert. Natural areas of Russia. Arctic tundra. Seals. From Greek arktikos - northern, arctos - bear (according to the constellation Ursa Minor). Polar poppy.
Icebergs are rightfully considered a real miracle of nature in the Great Arctic Reserve - fragments of ice shelves that slide into the seas and oceans. Up to 90% of their volume can be under water. Why? This mystery was first revealed by the Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov. He indicated that the density of ice is 920 kg/m², and that of sea water is 1025 kg/m². There are icebergs that are more than 1000 years old (they have a characteristic dark blue color). Over time, the shape of these ice giants also changes, taking on more and more bizarre shapes. In the waters of the Arctic Ocean, the height of icebergs does not exceed 25 m, the length is 500 m. It is estimated that during just one year, an average of 26,000 icebergs break off from the Arctic ice cover.
general information
- Full name: State Nature Reserve "Big Arctic".
- IUCN category: la (strict natural reserve).
- Date of foundation: May 11, 1993.
- Region: Krasnoyarsk Territory, Taimyr District.
- Area: 4,169,222 hectares.
- Relief: mountainous.
- Climate: arctic.
- Official website: http://www.bigarctic.ru/.
- Email: [email protected].
History of creation
Recently, humanity has become increasingly concerned about the problems of melting ice and climate change at the North Pole. At the same time, many processes occurring in nature can be understood only by thoroughly studying the North. The Arctic, as one of the key territories of the Earth, is not only an important research site. Biological rhythms, flora and fauna, unique landscapes of the Far North - all this needs protection.
The idea of creating an Arctic reserve was born here, among the snow and ice, and not in the offices of government agencies. In 1989, a large Russian-German expedition was organized to the Far North, as a result of which Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Evgeniy Evgenievich Syroechkovsky and his colleagues formulated the rationale for creating a large reserve in the Arctic. Large-scale preparatory work has been carried out for more than 10 years.
As a result, the Government of the Russian Federation issued a decree of May 11, 1993 No. 431 “On the creation of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve.” The general results of preliminary research amounted to a report of 1000 pages. This is a huge book! Now it is planned to publish a monograph on the Great Arctic Reserve. it includes two reserves: Severozemelsky and Brekhovskie Islands.
Vegetable world
In the flora of the Great Arctic Reserve, 162 species of higher vascular plants, 89 mosses, 15 fungi and 70 lichens were identified.
Among the shrubs, the most common species is the polar willow (Salixpolaris). The average length of its branches is 3-5 cm. In the North, tea is made from the leaves of this plant.
Among the lichens, forest and deer cladonia (Cladina arbuscula and C. rangiferina), and Icelandic cetraria (Cetraria islandica) are most common. An interesting find was green coriscium viride. Do you think real flowers grow in the Arctic tundra? Yes, they are growing! Among them are Novosieversia glacialis, or Arctic rose, Armeria maritima, Papaver pulvinatum and Papaver radicatum. Flowers of the North are a real miracle! In the Arctic, many of them, including the polar poppy, have been preparing to bloom since the fall. Flower buds overwinter under a thick snow cover, which reliably protects them from severe frosts.
Animal world
The Great Arctic Nature Reserve is home to 18 species of mammals, 14 of which are marine animals, 124 species of birds, 55 of which nest on the territory of the reserve, as well as 29 species of fish.
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are a symbol of the kingdom of eternal winter. Today, these huge and strong animals have become rare and endangered. They are listed in the Red Book of Russia. Interestingly, under the white fur of animals hides dark, almost black skin. But this secret of theirs is revealed only by their nose and tongue.
The fur of polar bears is hollow inside. When kept in zoos in warmer climates, bears can suddenly turn yellow, even greenish. The fact is that microscopic algae settle inside the hollow hairs. Nature has taken good care of its creatures, protecting them from freezing: the paw pads of polar bears are covered with wool, so they are not cold even in the most severe frost.
Siberian and hoofed lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus and Dicrostonyx torquatus) are common here. These are small rodents of the vole family, which are the main food of predators such as blue foxes (Alopex lagopus).
The Lapland plantain (Calcarius lapponicus), dunlin (Calidris alpina), white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons), sandpiper (Calidris maritime), ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea) and other bird species nest in the reserve. The white gull is the only representative of its genus. It lives only within the Arctic Circle. Both parents incubate the eggs of seagulls, and a month later a wonderful chick (or several) appears, which is well protected from the cold by warm downy plumage. While white gulls are not listed in the Red Book of Russia, their numbers are small.
Surprisingly, insects live in the Arctic. One of these is the Arctic bumblebee (Bombus polaris), which pollinates most flowering plants, including the Arctic willow and Arctic poppy mentioned above.
Information for visitors
Reserve mode
Description of the presentation Reserves of Russia Great Arctic Reserve. Great Arctic Nature Reserve on slides
Nature reserves of Russia Great Arctic Nature Reserve Barguzinsky Nature Reserve Belogorye Nature Reserve Hello guys! My name is Pochemuchka. I want to introduce you to Russian nature reserves and their inhabitants. Nature reserves of Russia and their inhabitants Let's play?
There are more than 100 nature reserves in Russia. They cover... Next Forests Rivers Seas Steppes. Mountains
The Great Arctic Nature Reserve is the largest in Russia. It is located on the territory of the Taimyr Peninsula. And it covers a space of 1000 km from west to east, and 500 km from north to south. Its shores are washed by two seas of the Arctic Ocean: the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea (click on the text) Next
Of the listed species, the polar bear and walrus are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation Walrus Puffins Ermine Polar Owl More
Barguzinsky Nature Reserve is the first in Russia. It was created 100 years ago on January 11, 1917. To preserve the pristine nature of Baikal. Baikal is the largest freshwater lake in the world! Further The fauna of the reserve is typically taiga. It includes 41 species of mammals. And only 3 types of amphibians. Barguzinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve
Initially, the purpose of creating the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve was to preserve the sable population. Further. Sable Brown bear Kabaga
Capercaillie White-tailed eagle Black stork White-tailed eagle and black stork, nesting in the protected area of the Barguzinsky Nature Reserve, are included in the International Red Book More
Founded in May 1993, the Great Arctic Reserve is a state environmental center.
Its main goal is to protect and explore the unusual ecosystem of the Arctic. The reserve has an area of 4,169 thousand hectares. Of these, the sea area is 981 thousand hectares. The reserve is the third in size in the world and the first in Eurasia.
For tourists who come to see the beauty of the Arctic, the reserve offers excursions along such exciting routes as: “Taimyr Labyrinth”, “Medusa Bay” and “Khutuda Biga - River of Life”. Excursions provide an opportunity to better learn the culture and everyday life of the Nenets, the indigenous people of the North, and to see their camp.
The brent goose is a representative of the feathered world of the Great Arctic Nature Reserve. In addition, safaris are carried out: both zoological and ornithological. Rafting and, oddly enough, scuba diving are possible. A summer trip along the Hutuda Biga River, whose name means “river of life,” immediately confirms its correctness. Life is in full swing here: wild geese gather in numerous flocks on the banks to molt, arctic salmon go to spawn, and herds of wild reindeer graze along the river.
Getting to know the local people and their culture is an educational and interesting activity. The temperature regime in the protected area is quite severe, since it is located beyond the Arctic Circle. That is why arctic permafrost exists throughout the entire territory of the facility. The Arctic Nature Reserve is located on the islands and coast of the Arctic Ocean.
The coastal territories approach the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. In the Great Arctic Nature Reserve you can see an interesting phenomenon - polar day and night. The sun changes its height above the horizon significantly throughout the year. April sees the strongest sunshine.
The landscapes of this environmental center are very diverse. Clear and sunny days in the tundra are rare, but if you are lucky enough to see it, the impression remains forever. The sun transforms everything around, filling it with colors.
The main representatives of the plant world of this harsh land are lichens. Tolerating a harsh climate, they add color to the tundra - from yellow to black.
Reindeer is a local inhabitant. Herds of reindeer (reindeer) live throughout the reserve. A frequently encountered inhabitant is the polar bear. On island territories it can be seen all year round. On the mainland part of the environmental protection zone, this inhabitant usually appears in winter, and then in the very north. The lemmings living in the reserve are very numerous. The number of polar carnivores depends on how many there are.
Feathered inhabitants living all year round in the protected area: tundra partridge and snowy owl. Almost all months of the year you can see gulls (white, fork-tailed, pink), as well as eiders.
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