Hydnellum peckii
This exotic mushroom is found in North America, mainly in coniferous forests. Mushrooms are covered with red droplets. Bleeding, the Tooth-Mushroom has already been brought to Europe, and was recently discovered in Iran and Korea. At first glance, this mushroom looks like a piece of bone with drops of bright scarlet blood on it. When you look closely, it becomes clear that the mushroom secretes this liquid through the pores of its dense white cap. The toxicity of the mushroom is average. The liquid is also poisonous and can be used as an insecticide. It is not recommended to touch it; it is easily absorbed and causes discomfort.
Blue mushroom - Entoloma hochstetteri
This is probably the most unusual colored mushroom, single specimens of which have been found in New Zealand and India. This blue color is no longer found in nature. The mushroom is not all completely blue: the mushroom cap below has a reddish tint. The blue color of the mushroom body is created by three different pigments. Entoloma hochstetteri is not edible, but whether it is poisonous is also unknown. The mushroom quickly became a symbol of the country and was featured on the $50 note issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand in 1990. It was also one of six new species of mushrooms published in New Zealand in 2002.
Comb blackberry - Hericium Erinaceus
This mushroom looks like a piece of noodles or a pompom, known since ancient times as the "Lion's Mane Mushroom" or "Hedgehog Mushroom". Despite its strange appearance, it is an edible mushroom that tastes like honey mushrooms. In the wild, these mushrooms are common from late summer to late autumn, and grow abundantly on dead wood.
Clavaria Zollinger, or coral mushroom
Zollinger's Clavaria is very exotic - Clavaria zollingeri Lév., sometimes called coral mushroom, or purple coral. For Europe, this is a rare species, included in the red list of species in Denmark and Great Britain. And in Ireland it is used as an indicator species to assess the diversity of fungi in poor grassland substrates. It has been noted in the Netherlands in recent years and may apparently spread further. The mushroom is not considered edible.
Stinking octopus horn - Octopus stinkhorn
Sometimes, contemplating such creations, you begin to think about the sanity of the creator. Of course, there are cases when disgusting things turn out to be quite pleasant in taste and smell... but this is not the case: the mushroom, called the “stinking octopus horn”, not only looks disgusting, but also stinks so much that it’s impossible to describe words.
Side by side with it in Australia grows its brother in stench - the sea anemone mushroom, fragrant with carrion.
Bioluminescent mushroom - Mycena chlorophos
What you really see are bright green mushrooms with impressive color. These neon mushrooms, or Chlorophos Mycena (to use the technical term), appear during the rainy season in Japanese and Brazilian forests, lighting up the soil with flaming spores. They grow at the base of tree trunks, on windbreaks, piles of leaves and dug up soil. The glow of mushrooms occurs due to bioluminescence, one of the amazing reactions that occur in some plants and animals. The difference between the firefly mushroom is that the concentration of this substance in it is such that it can be used practically like a candle.
Clathrus red, or trellis
And here is another, simply alien clathrus - red clathrus, or, as it is also called, lattice. This is also a wood-destroying, inedible mushroom that can rarely be found in forests. It can be found in southern regions with mild climates.
Giant golovach
Another unusual mushroom is the giant bighead ( Calvatia gigantea(Batsch) Lloyd). The fruiting body reaches 50 cm. This mushroom is a source of valuable raw materials, which is studied for the production of antitumor drugs, and is also used in folk medicine.
bird's Nest
There is such a mushroom - it is Nidulariaceae. This mold is found mainly in New Zealand. The shape from which the mushroom gets its name is an ingenious solution for the spread of spores. Rainwater accumulates in the spore eggs; eventually, such an “egg” breaks through and shoots spores over distances of up to 1 meter.
- Higher mushrooms
- Belongs to the lower mushrooms
- Poisonous mushroom
- Edible mushroom
- Belongs to the lower mushrooms
- Type of relationship between tree and mushroom
- Edible mushroom, which was named due to its resemblance to the animal
- Edible mushroom
- The science of mushrooms
- These mushrooms are used in beer and wine production, they are involved in fermentation
- This kingdom does not include either animals or plants.
- The underground part of the mushroom
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Judging by the appearance of this mushroom, you might think that its habitat is the seabed. The fruit body is elongated, vertical, egg-colored with shades of ocher, sometimes slightly reddened. Kalocera adhesive reaches 5–6 cm in length and up to 1 cm in diameter. The fruiting bodies of the colony readily grow together at the base and continue to grow in a small “bush.” The fungus grows in large colonies, less often singly, on the remains of rotten wood. From the point of view of edibility, there are different opinions about Kalocera adhesive; some sources consider it edible, but are silent about its possible processing; others do not mention it at all in the lists of edible mushrooms. However, Kalocera also did not get poisonous. It is believed that due to its small size and rarity, the mushroom never received its place in the culinary ranks, and is considered inedible.
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Clavaria zollingeri (Clavaria zollingeri) A widespread species of mushroom. It has a tube-shaped purple or pinkish-lilac body that grows up to 10 cm tall and 7 cm wide. Scientists have determined that there are about 1,200 species of clavaria, which vary in shades ranging from white to bright orange and purple. These mushrooms grow in many places, mostly in tropical areas, and are considered inedible.
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Azure mushroom (Entoloma hochstetteri) Lives in the forests of New Zealand and India. These blue mushrooms can be poisonous, but their toxicity is poorly understood. It gets its distinctive blue color from the azuline pigment found in its fruiting body, which is also found in some marine invertebrates.
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Four-lobed star mushroom (Geastrum quadrifidum) Refers to puffball mushrooms that can be found in different places and elevations around the world. This unusual mushroom changes its appearance after it emerges from the ground. Its “rays” bend downwards, the round fruiting body rises and releases spores into the air. It grows mostly on sandy soil in deciduous, mixed and coniferous-pine, spruce, pine-spruce and spruce-deciduous forests (among fallen pine needles). It is considered inedible due to its bitter taste. In some Indian tribes, this mushroom is known for its medicinal properties, and according to legend it predicts upcoming celestial events.
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Elastic grasshopper (Helvella elastica) Grows in moist, sparse, mostly deciduous forests, from July to the end of September, singly or in groups. The cap is two-lobed, saddle-shaped, light yellowish or grayish-brown, whitish or pink below, 1.5-4 cm in width and height. The stalk is up to 7 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm thick, cylindrical, widened downward, with small and shallow longitudinal grooves, whitish or brownish, smooth. Elastic lobe is conditionally edible. Used dried. When boiled, it can be used only after boiling and removing the decoction.
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Bearded Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) This mushroom, which looks like a noodle or pom-pom, is known by many names: lion's mane mushroom, bearded tooth mushroom, hedgehog mushroom, etc. At first glance, it does not evoke any associations with a mushroom. This edible mushroom grows on both living and dead trees, and when cooked resembles seafood in color and texture. Not only does it taste good, but it is also used in traditional Chinese medicine for its antioxidant properties and lowering blood glucose levels.
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Bleeding mushroom (Hydnellum peckii) A rather original mushroom that can be found on sandy soils in coniferous forests. The surface of young fruiting bodies is velvety, white, with small tubercles, becoming brown with age. Drops of blood-red liquid appear on the upper surface of young specimens. It grows on the ground in autumn in coniferous (spruce and pine) forests. Inedible due to strong bitter taste. It can be called by different names, but whatever the name, it will definitely be associated with blood or juice. It can be found in North America and is most common in the Pacific Northwest and grows primarily in coniferous forests.
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Blue Milkweed (Lactarius indigo) A fairly common species of mushroom, it grows in eastern North America, East Asia and Central America. It grows on the ground in both deciduous and coniferous forests. The mushroom cap has a diameter of 5 to 15 cm, a denim-blue color, and a shape that changes over time from convex to funnel-shaped. Young mushrooms have a sticky surface layer. The leg, which has a height of 2 to 6 cm and a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm, is cylindrical in shape, thick, denim blue in color, and may have a silver-gray tint. There is a milky juice of denim blue color, changing to green, acrid in nature. The mushroom is edible and sold in rural markets in Mexico, Guatemala and China.
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Canine mutinus (lat. Mutinus caninus). The young mushroom is pinkish or white in color and oval or elongated in shape. It is not recommended to eat it, since it is still not known for sure whether this mushroom is edible or not. Interestingly, the dark top of the mushroom emits a specific smell, similar to cat excrement, to attract insects. When insects gnaw at the top of the mushroom, it turns orange, and then the entire fruiting body begins to decompose, and after 3-4 days nothing remains of the mushroom.
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Bird's nest (Nidulariaceae) Bird's nest is a mushroom belonging to the group of molds. The mushroom owes its name to its unusual appearance, reminiscent of a bird's nest with tiny eggs. This form contributes to the favorable spread of spores: under the pressure of rainwater entering the nest, the fungus sprays them out within a radius of a meter from itself, which allows it to occupy more and more new territories for reproduction. The Bird's Nest grows mainly in New Zealand on rotting wood, small branches of tree ferns, and sometimes on animal excrement.
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Panellus stipticus The cap is 2-4 cm in diameter, kidney-shaped, lateral, light brown, finely scaly or finely fluffy, with a hairy, slightly curved thin edge. The plates are narrow, frequent, the same color as the cap or darker. The pulp is thin, leathery, brownish. The stalk is 0.5-2 cm high, 0.2-0.6 cm wide, eccentric, thickened towards the top, solid, the same color as the cap, pubescent, then smooth. It grows in large groups, merging with the bases of the legs, on fallen trees and stumps. From April to November. European part of Russia, North Caucasus, Siberia, Primorsky Territory. Inedible.
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Rhodotus palmatus This mushroom is the only representative of the genus in the Physalacriaceae family. Not very common. It is found throughout the northern hemisphere: in eastern North America, northern Africa, Europe and Asia. In Europe it is included in many lists of endangered species. Grows on stumps and decaying wood. The fruiting body of mature mushrooms is a characteristic pink color with a mesh pattern on a dense cap. Size, shape and color vary depending on lighting.
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Orange tremella (Tremella mesenterica) Consists of smooth, shiny and sinuous lobes. The lobes are watery and shapeless in appearance, slightly reminiscent of intestines. The fruiting body is approximately 1-4 cm in height. The color of the fruiting body varies from almost white to bright yellow or orange. Due to the large number of spores located on the surface, the mushroom appears whitish. The pulp is gelatinous, but strong and odorless. Like all Tremellas, Tremella mesenterica tends to dry out, and after rain, it becomes the same again. Found from August to late autumn. Often the fungus persists in winter, forming fruiting bodies with the onset of spring. Grows on dead branches of deciduous trees. If conditions are favorable, it bears fruit very abundantly. It grows on both plains and mountains. In places with a mild climate, it can bear fruit throughout the mushroom period. The mushroom is edible, although tasteless, and even has some value, but not in our country. Our mushroom pickers have no idea how to collect this mushroom, how to carry it home and how to cook it so that it does not dissolve.
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Amber-Brown puffball Brown puffball (Lycoperdon umbrinum). This type of mushroom grows in China, Europe and North America. These mushrooms do not have an open cap with spores. Instead, the spores appear internally, in a spherical body. When mature, the spores form a gleba in the center of the body, which has a characteristic color and texture.
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Mushroom “earthen star” or starburst (lat. Geastrum). When ripe, this mushroom is shaped like a star with sharp rays downward, and in the center there is a small convex ball - its fruiting body, which contains a spore-bearing sac and releases spores into the air. The color of the “earth star” mushroom is not bright; it grows all over the world and belongs to the puffball mushrooms. Indian tribes used it for medicinal purposes, and they also believed that the “earth star” had the ability to predict celestial phenomena.
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False morel (lat. Gyromitra esculenta). In appearance, this mushroom resembles a brain. False morels occur naturally in brown and dark purple colors. When prepared correctly, they are a kind of delicacy. However, raw mushrooms are poisonous, so they require careful heat treatment when cooking. They should only be prepared by a knowledgeable and experienced person, otherwise death is possible.
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Bioluminescent mushroom (lat. Mycena Chlorophos). Glow is a distinctive feature of all bioluminescent mushrooms (71 species of such mushrooms have now been found). Mushrooms of the species Mycena Chlorophos glow yellow-green in the dark during rains. This picture of amazing beauty can be seen in Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Brazil and Puerto Rico.
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Red trellis (lat. Clathrus ruber). In appearance it looks more like a fancy flower than a mushroom representative. The mushroom acquires the appearance of a bright red lattice ball from an ovoid fruiting body, which can reach a height of 10 cm. Mature mushrooms have an unpleasant odor of excrement and rotten meat.
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The Sea Anemone mushroom (Aseroe rubra) is impressive only when mature. Young mushrooms of this species will not attract anyone with their whitish, inconspicuous appearance. However, with age, the mushroom cap is divided into 3-4 parts, forming something like petals, and it becomes clear why the mushroom is called a sea anemone. Interestingly, the brown mucus secreted by the fungus has the smell of decaying flesh, which attracts insects. The mushroom is widespread in Australia and the island of Tasmania.
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Devil's cigar (Chorioactis geaster). The devil's cigar is one of the rarest mushrooms in the world. This type of mushroom has been found in central Texas, two remote locations in Japan, and more recently it has been found in the Nara Mountains. In shape and color, this mushroom resembles a cigar, which is why it received its name. Once ripe, the mushroom splits, emitting a soft whistle, and releases a small cloud of spores into the air.
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A rare mushroom listed in the Red Book. Almost all dictyophorans live only in tropical countries. These mushrooms grow very quickly. For example, according to descriptions by German scientists, the Brazilian net mower rises half a meter in two hours, and also glows in the dark with some unearthly, fabulous color. In our literature, the mushroom is known as the “veiled lady” or “veiled lady.” A white mesh veil hangs from under the cap, covering the spongy stem.
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Cup mushrooms belong to the class of marsupial fungi or ascomycetes (related to them are morels and lines). In ascomycetes, the fruiting bodies look like glasses, cups or saucers, their inner surface is completely covered with bags with spores. In summer, such mushrooms can be found on rotten branches and stumps. In the spring, in very damp places, you can see quite large, bright red mushrooms - sarcoscyphae; such mushrooms cannot be eaten, but you can admire their unusual appearance.
There are many forms of mushrooms that are not similar to each other. We are accustomed to thinking that mushrooms are gifts of nature growing in the forest. In fact, you can walk past a mushroom without knowing it. The crust of the bread is covered in mold - these are mushrooms. Something green and unpleasant grew on the wall in a damp room - again mushrooms, an apple has spoiled - and this is the work of mushrooms.
8 Molds Aspergillus There are about 160 species of molds Aspergillus, mainly in the form of mold on food, in soil, on damp walls, etc. Some species cause diseases, others are used in the production of citric acid, antibiotics, and enzymes.
Baker's yeast Yeast is also a microscopically small fungus. They do not form myceliums, but grow as a mass of single cells. Yeast is used by humans to make dough, wine, and beer. Yeast cells are spherical in shape. Almost all yeasts have a real “sweet tooth.” Fruits and berries, flower nectar, sweet birch sap, succulent parts of plants are their favorite habitats.
These amazing Shiitake mushrooms (Japanese wood mushroom), the most medicinal of mushrooms, are widely used in medicine. Lowers cholesterol, reduces inflammation, heals ulcers, improves immunity and has many other beneficial properties. the most healing of mushrooms, widely used in medicine. Lowers cholesterol, reduces inflammation, heals ulcers, improves immunity and has many other beneficial properties.
These amazing mushrooms Star or earth star The most unusual looking mushroom. It is formed underground and has two shells. When the outer shell bursts, the mushroom comes to the surface, and fragments of the upper shell form a kind of “star” with 5 – 10 “rays”. The color of this mushroom can be different - yellow, white, pink, and other colors.
These amazing mushrooms Plasmodium The most amazing mushroom. This mushroom can walk! It moves through the forest slower than a snail, but in a few days it can climb onto a rotten stump and hide on it. You won’t notice Plasmodium right away; it looks either like a jellyfish or a piece of jelly. And he walks through the forest, waddling from side to side.
These amazing mushrooms Pale toadstool, the most poisonous mushroom in the world, Pale toadstool, contains 10 types of different poisons that affect the nervous and digestive, but most importantly, the hematopoietic system. There is no antidote. Toadstool is the most poisonous mushroom in the world, toadstool contains 10 types of different poisons that affect the nervous and digestive, but most importantly, the hematopoietic system. There is no antidote.
These amazing mushrooms Netkonoska Mushroom is listed in the Red Book. When the shell ruptures, a long, up to cm, spongy dirty-white leg, 2.5-4.5 cm thick, appears, and on it an olive-green, seemingly folded cap. From under the hat, an openwork white or yellowish mesh falls onto the leg. The smell is very unpleasant.
These amazing mushrooms Truffle Truffle The most expensive mushroom. It grows underground and is sought out by dogs and pigs by its smell. Gourmets appreciate these mushrooms for their unusual aroma. The most expensive truffle in the world was sold at auction for $. The average price of black truffle is euro per kg.
These amazing mushrooms Veselka Veselka The fastest growing mushroom. In 1 hour it can grow 30 cm! Common names: “upstart”, “devil’s egg”. The mushroom is edible when young and is considered tasty. In France it is consumed raw as radishes. The outer shell should be removed before use. It is used in folk medicine under the name “earth oil” for gout, rheumatism, and some stomach diseases.
These amazing red trellis mushrooms look like a round checkered ball. It looks nice, but smells disgusting. Flies love its smell. They pounce on him and eat him in a few hours. Grows on forest litter and on the remains of rotting wood
These amazing mushrooms are giant puffball mushroom. A spherical mushroom without a stem reaches a diameter of 50 cm and a weight of more than 10 kg! taste. The inner mass is first pure white, then greenish-yellow and finally brown, drying like a sponge. The smell is unpleasant. The remains of the fungus, resembling a washcloth, can last for several months without decomposing. An edible and high-quality mushroom, but not everyone likes it.
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Slide captions:
The Kingdom of Mushrooms The presentation was prepared by the teacher of 1st grade “A” of GBOU school 237 (SP242) N.N. Gronskaya.
Kingdom of Mushrooms Lesson No. 3 Amazing Mushrooms
Amazing puffball mushrooms A young white puffball mushroom can be applied to the wound. The blood will stop flowing, the pain will subside. White dung beetle A conditionally edible mushroom. It is eaten only by young people. The dung beetle is called the ink mushroom. Ink can be made from it. A signature made with such ink cannot be faked. Polypore If a polypore appears on a tree, it means the tree is sick. Its mycelium penetrates the wood and destroys it, turning it into dust.
Molds and yeasts Molds and yeasts are microscopic fungi. If there is moisture, warmth, nutrients, then they quickly multiply and become visible.
Molds
Penicillin In the early 40s of the last century, the English scientist Alexander Fleming made the famous medicine penicillin from a microscopic mold fungus.
Mushroom bakers, cheese makers, butter makers. . .
Interesting facts · There are a million known species of mushrooms, but only 10% of them are classified as edible or poisonous. · Fungal spores can retain their ability to germinate for a long time. They can wait for an opportunity not a year or two, but ten or more years - and as soon as the opportunity arises - begin to grow. Sometimes, in the most unexpected places. · It turns out that there are even predatory mushrooms! They feed on worms. · Some mushrooms glow in the dark. · In Switzerland they do not eat porcini mushrooms; they consider them inedible. · Mushrooms contain on average 90% water. · We eat mushrooms every day without even knowing it.
The most beautiful mushrooms in the world
Thank you for your attention!
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Trametes versicolor Trametes versicolor is a species of mushroom that is distributed throughout the world and grows mainly on the trunks of dead trees, and is notable for its colorful stripes. The mushroom itself is inedible in the usual sense, but it is often used in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, scientists have also discovered that a substance in this mushroom improves immunity and can be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of cancer.
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The Bleeding Tooth Mushroom, Hydnellum Peca, or as it is also called the Bleeding Tooth Mushroom, is commonly found in coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest and central Europe. It’s hard not to notice: the bright red liquid released from the pores of the mushroom is reminiscent of some kind of crime scene in nature. In fact, this mushroom is not poisonous, but it repels predators and people with its very bitter taste.
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Ground Star Mushroom Ground Star mushroom or triple star mushroom is a type of puffball mushroom that can be found in different locations and elevations around the world. This unusual mushroom changes its appearance after it emerges from the ground. Its “rays” bend downwards, the round fruiting body rises and releases spores into the air. In some Indian tribes, this mushroom is known for its medicinal properties, and according to legend, it predicts upcoming celestial phenomena.
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The combed hedgehog, which is also called “monkey’s head”, “bearded tooth” or “lion’s mane”, at first glance does not cause any associations with a mushroom. This edible mushroom grows on both living and dead trees, and when cooked resembles seafood in color and texture. Not only does it taste good, but it is also used in traditional Chinese medicine for its antioxidant properties and lowering blood glucose levels.
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Bioluminescent Mushroom Mycena mushroom is one of 71 species of bioluminescent mushrooms that glow green. Bioluminescent mushrooms grow in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico and Puerto Rico and have a soft yellow-green glow. Bioluminescence is due to a substance similar to that found in fireflies.
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Coral Mushroom Coral Mushroom looks like it should grow on a coral reef somewhere. Scientists have determined that there are about 1,200 species of clavaria mushrooms, which vary in shades ranging from white to bright orange and purple. These mushrooms grow in many places, mostly in tropical areas, and are considered inedible.
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