Human influence on nature. Back in the 19th century. Africa was presented as a continent of virgin nature. However, even then the nature of Africa was significantly changed by man. The area of forests, which had been uprooted and burned for arable land and pastures for centuries, has decreased. Especially great damage to the nature of Africa was caused by European colonialists. Hunting, carried out for profit, and often for sport, led to the mass extermination of animals.
Many animals were completely destroyed (for example, some species of antelope, zebra), and the number of others (elephants, rhinoceroses, gorillas, etc.) was greatly reduced. Europeans exported expensive wood to their countries. Therefore, in a number of states (Nigeria, etc.) there is a danger of complete disappearance of forests. The territories in place of cleared forests were occupied by plantations of cocoa, oil palm, peanuts, etc. Thus, savannas were formed in place of equatorial and variable-humid forests (Fig. 59). The nature of primary savannas has also changed significantly. There are huge areas of plowed land and pastures here.
Due to poor agricultural practices (burning, overgrazing, and cutting down trees and shrubs), savannas have been giving way to deserts for many centuries. Over the last half century alone, the Sahara has moved significantly south and increased its area by 650 thousand km 2. The loss of agricultural land leads to the death of livestock and crops, and to starvation of people.
To save savannas from the onset of deserts, a wide forest belt in the Sahara, 1,500 km long, is being created, which will shield agricultural areas from the dry winds of the desert. There are several projects for watering the Sahara. Great changes in natural complexes have occurred in connection with the development of mineral resources and the development of industry.
Rice. 59. Boundaries of natural zones in Africa: A - in the past, B - modern. Using the maps, determine how the area of each natural zone in Africa is changing. Which areas were hit the hardest?
Natural disasters. Natural disasters (earthquakes, droughts, floods, hurricanes, etc.) can bring enormous disasters to the population. One of Africa's most devastating natural disasters is recurrent droughts. This especially affects the population of savannas adjacent to the Sahara. As a result of droughts, people, livestock and other living organisms die. The cause of worsening droughts is the cutting down of bushes and trees, as well as excessive grazing.
Some countries suffer disasters from floods, plant diseases, and locust invasions, which can destroy the entire harvest of fields or plantations in a few hours.
Nature reserves and national parks. Currently, humanity increasingly understands the need to protect nature on Earth. For this purpose, nature reserves (territories where natural complexes are preserved in their natural state) and national parks are organized on all continents. Only people conducting research work are allowed in the reserves. National parks, unlike nature reserves, can be visited by tourists who are required to comply with the rules established there. In many African countries, the protection of wild animals and the most interesting natural complexes (forests, savannas, volcanic areas, etc.) is given great importance. Nature reserves and national parks on the mainland occupy large areas. There are especially many of them in Southern and Eastern Africa. A number of them are world famous, for example the Serengeti and Kruger national parks. Thanks to the measures taken, the numbers of many animals have now been restored.
- Why is it important to know the geographical location of the continent? What are the geographic features of Africa?
- Name the researchers of Africa and indicate what the role of each of them was in the study of the continent.
- Why are Africa dominated by plains?
- What are the features of the nature (terrain, climate, rivers, natural areas) of Africa?
- Why is latitudinal zonation clearly visible in Africa? How does it manifest itself?
- Based on the analysis of maps, indicate what relationship exists between climatic regions and natural zones.
- On a map of Africa, find nature reserves and national parks, indicate in which natural areas they are located and what the largest of them are called.
- What activities do you think should be done in Africa to reduce disasters caused by droughts?
- What changes have occurred in the nature of Africa due to human economic activity?
help me find the report. on the topic "human influence on the nature of Africa" or simply on nature and received the best answer
Answer from Dorji Lejiev[expert]
6. Human influence on nature. Reserves and parks
Back in the 19th century. Africa was presented as a continent of virgin nature. However, even then the nature of Africa was significantly changed by man. The area of forests, which had been uprooted and burned for arable land and pastures for centuries, has decreased. Especially great damage to the nature of Africa was caused by European colonialists. Hunting, carried out for profit, and often for sport, led to the mass extermination of animals. Many animals were completely destroyed (for example, some species of antelope, zebra), and the number of others (elephants, rhinoceroses, gorillas, etc.) was greatly reduced. Europeans exported expensive wood to their countries. Therefore, in a number of states (Nigeria, etc.) there is a danger of complete disappearance of forests. The territories in place of cleared forests were occupied by plantations of cocoa, oil palm, peanuts, etc. Thus, savannas were formed in place of equatorial and variable-humid forests. The nature of primary savannas has also changed significantly. There are huge areas of plowed land and pastures here.
Due to poor agricultural practices (burning, overgrazing, and cutting down trees and shrubs), savannas have been giving way to deserts for many centuries. Over the last half century alone, the Sahara has moved significantly southward and increased its area by 650 thousand km2. The loss of agricultural land leads to the death of livestock and crops, and to the hunger of people.
To save savannas from the onset of deserts, a wide forest belt in the Sahara, 1,500 km long, is being created, which will shield agricultural areas from the dry winds of the desert. There are several projects for watering the Sahara. Great changes in natural complexes have occurred in connection with the development of mineral resources and the development of industry.
Natural disasters (earthquakes, droughts, floods, hurricanes, etc.) can bring enormous disasters to the population. One of Africa's most devastating natural disasters is recurrent droughts. This especially affects the population of savannas adjacent to the Sahara. As a result of droughts, people, livestock and other living organisms die. The cause of worsening droughts is the cutting down of bushes and trees, as well as excessive grazing.
Some countries suffer disasters from floods, plant diseases, and locust invasions, which can destroy the entire harvest of fields or plantations in a few hours.
Currently, humanity increasingly understands the need to protect nature on Earth. For this purpose, nature reserves (territories where natural complexes are preserved in their natural state) and national parks are organized on all continents. Only people conducting research work are allowed in the reserves. National parks, unlike nature reserves, can be visited by tourists who are required to comply with the rules established there. In many African countries, the protection of wild animals and the most interesting natural complexes (forests, savannas, volcanic areas, etc.) is given great importance. Nature reserves and national parks on the mainland occupy large areas. There are especially many of them in Southern and Eastern Africa. A number of them are world famous, for example the Serengeti and Kruger national parks. Thanks to the measures taken, the numbers of many animals have now been restored.
Answer from Evgeniy Fomichev[newbie]
Malamute, so what?
Answer from Alexander Rodnov[newbie]
Answer from Galina Steglenko[newbie]
Read the text of the textbook and the result will be the same.
help me find the report. on the topic "human influence on the nature of Africa" or simply on nature and received the best answer
Answer from Dorji Lejiev[expert]
6. Human influence on nature. Reserves and parks
Back in the 19th century. Africa was presented as a continent of virgin nature. However, even then the nature of Africa was significantly changed by man. The area of forests, which had been uprooted and burned for arable land and pastures for centuries, has decreased. Especially great damage to the nature of Africa was caused by European colonialists. Hunting, carried out for profit, and often for sport, led to the mass extermination of animals. Many animals were completely destroyed (for example, some species of antelope, zebra), and the number of others (elephants, rhinoceroses, gorillas, etc.) was greatly reduced. Europeans exported expensive wood to their countries. Therefore, in a number of states (Nigeria, etc.) there is a danger of complete disappearance of forests. The territories in place of cleared forests were occupied by plantations of cocoa, oil palm, peanuts, etc. Thus, savannas were formed in place of equatorial and variable-humid forests. The nature of primary savannas has also changed significantly. There are huge areas of plowed land and pastures here.
Due to poor agricultural practices (burning, overgrazing, and cutting down trees and shrubs), savannas have been giving way to deserts for many centuries. Over the last half century alone, the Sahara has moved significantly southward and increased its area by 650 thousand km2. The loss of agricultural land leads to the death of livestock and crops, and to the hunger of people.
To save savannas from the onset of deserts, a wide forest belt in the Sahara, 1,500 km long, is being created, which will shield agricultural areas from the dry winds of the desert. There are several projects for watering the Sahara. Great changes in natural complexes have occurred in connection with the development of mineral resources and the development of industry.
Natural disasters (earthquakes, droughts, floods, hurricanes, etc.) can bring enormous disasters to the population. One of Africa's most devastating natural disasters is recurrent droughts. This especially affects the population of savannas adjacent to the Sahara. As a result of droughts, people, livestock and other living organisms die. The cause of worsening droughts is the cutting down of bushes and trees, as well as excessive grazing.
Some countries suffer disasters from floods, plant diseases, and locust invasions, which can destroy the entire harvest of fields or plantations in a few hours.
Currently, humanity increasingly understands the need to protect nature on Earth. For this purpose, nature reserves (territories where natural complexes are preserved in their natural state) and national parks are organized on all continents. Only people conducting research work are allowed in the reserves. National parks, unlike nature reserves, can be visited by tourists who are required to comply with the rules established there. In many African countries, the protection of wild animals and the most interesting natural complexes (forests, savannas, volcanic areas, etc.) is given great importance. Nature reserves and national parks on the mainland occupy large areas. There are especially many of them in Southern and Eastern Africa. A number of them are world famous, for example the Serengeti and Kruger national parks. Thanks to the measures taken, the numbers of many animals have now been restored.
Answer from Evgeniy Fomichev[newbie]
Malamute, so what?
Answer from Alexander Rodnov[newbie]
Answer from Galina Steglenko[newbie]
Read the text of the textbook and the result will be the same.
Africa is of great importance to the whole world because it is the second largest continent and its population exceeds 1 billion inhabitants. The population density averages 31 people per square kilometer.
Scale
Africa's environmental problems affect 55 countries, in which there are 37 cities with a population of more than a million. It is on the planet because it is located in the tropics. However, due to the size of the territory, zones with different climate regimes can be distinguished.
Territories in Africa that require solutions to environmental problems are deserts, tropical forests and much more. Basically, plains prevail here, with occasional highlands and mountains. The highest point is Kilimanjaro, a volcano rising 5895 meters above sea level.
Neglect
The continent's governments do not pay much attention to Africa's environmental problems and ways to solve them. Few people care about reducing harmful impacts on nature. Modern technologies are not being implemented. Africa's environmental problems in reducing or eliminating waste are not being addressed.
Considerable attention needs to be paid to such industries as heavy and light industry, metal processing, animal breeding, and the agricultural sector as well as mechanical engineering.
Environmental problems in African countries are caused by the fact that safety precautions are neglected in the production of certain goods, harmful emissions are not purified and enter the atmosphere untreated, and large amounts of waste water go into water bodies.
Main negative factors
Chemical waste enters the natural environment, polluting and damaging it. Africa's environmental problems arise because resources are spent chaotically, rather than rationally and thoughtfully.
The land is being exploited, the cities are too crowded with people who live in poverty. Unemployment in populated areas sometimes reaches 75%, which is a critical level. Specialists are poorly trained. So the environment is degrading, just as humans are an integral part of it.
In fact, this continent has a unique fauna and vegetation. In the local savanna you can find beautiful shrubs, small trees such as terminalia and bush, as well as many other beautiful species. The same can be said about animals. However, lions, cheetahs, gorgeous leopards and other residents of local territories suffer greatly from poachers, whose criminal activities are not suppressed by the state at the proper level.
Many representatives of wildlife are already threatened with extinction, and some have completely disappeared from the face of the earth. For example, earlier you could find a quagga here, which is a close relative of the zebra, also an equid creature. Now it has been completely destroyed. At first, people domesticated this animal, but then they abused its trust so much that they drove it to extinction. In the wild, the last such individual was killed in 1878. They tried to preserve them in a zoo, but even there their line was interrupted in 1883.
Dying nature
The environmental problems of North Africa mainly consist of desertification, which is associated with uncontrolled deforestation, which is spreading to more and more territories, devastating them. Thus, soils become degraded and susceptible to erosion.
This is where deserts appear, of which there are already enough on the continent. There are fewer forests, which are oxygen creators.
The environmental problems of the center largely lie in the destruction of tracts of the tropical sector. Also a dangerous and environmentally damaging place is a peculiar city that has formed on the continent, acting as a landfill, called Agbogbloshi.
It was created in the northwestern part of the continent near the capital of Ghana - Accra. It is the final resting place for electronic waste collected from around the globe. Here you can see old TVs and parts of computers, phones, scanners and other similar devices.
From such garbage, mercury, harmful hydrochloric acid, poisonous arsenic, various metals, lead dust and other types of chemical compounds enter the ground in terrifying quantities, exceeding any holes and concentration doses by several hundred times.
All the fish in the local water have long since died, birds do not dare to fly in the local air, and there is no grass on the soil. People living nearby die very early.
Betrayal from within
Another negative factor is that the heads of local countries have signed agreements according to which chemical industry waste is imported onto this land and buried there.
This is either an unwillingness to understand the dangers of the consequences, or a simple greedy impulse to profit from the destruction caused to the nature of one’s own region. In any case, all this has a monstrous impact on the environment and people's lives.
Toxic substances and radioactive compounds formed during the production process are brought here from developed industrial countries, since their processing will be much more expensive. Thus, for selfish purposes, not only representatives of other countries are destroyed, but also those who should patronize this territory and take care of it.
Depletion of fauna
Otter numbers declined throughout the 18th century as their fur became so popular. For the sake of “soft gold” people committed this crime against nature. In 1984, the dam's floodgates were opened, killing 10,000 migrating caribou. Tigers, wolves and many other animals were also affected.
In the west of the continent, black rhinoceroses are rapidly becoming extinct. Experts believe that this is due to the uncontrolled actions of poachers, who are very attracted to the horns of these animals, which are sold at a high price on the black market.
White representatives of the species, which can be found in the north, also suffer. About a quarter of the mammal species inhabiting the continent are close to total extinction. Amphibians are disappearing even faster. Statistics are constantly updated, but they do not bring good news.
Unless governments get serious about protecting the environment, the list of problems can only grow, so making positive changes is essential now.
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AFRICA. Human influence on nature. Nature reserves and national parks. Presentation for interactive whiteboard. Zgibay T.N., geography teacher, Lyceum No. 82, Petrograd district of St. Petersburg
The African continent has the highest concentration of national parks, 335 as of 2014, protecting more than 1,100 species of mammals, 100,000 species of insects, 2,600 species of birds and 3,000 species of fish. In addition, there are hundreds of game reserves, forest reserves, marine reserves, national reserves and nature parks. The largest number of protected areas are in Kenya, Gabon and Tanzania. There are especially many nature reserves and national parks in Southern and Eastern Africa. 3
No. Country Name of the national park Area, km² 1 Algeria Ahaggar 3800 2 Algeria Belezma 262.5 3 Algeria Shrea 260 4 Algeria Jurjura 82.25 5 Algeria El-Kala 800 6 Algeria Gurey 20.8 7 Algeria Tassil-Adjer 120000 8 Algeria Taza 37.2 9 Algeria Teniet El Had 34.25 10 Algeria Tlemcen 82.25
Masai Mara National Reserve The Masai Mara is a national reserve in Kenya and is named after the Maasai people who inhabit these regions. It is famous for its lions, leopards and cheetahs, as well as the annual migration of zebra, Thomson's gazelle, and wildebeest. The Maasai Mara is relatively small, but has an amazing concentration of wildlife. The park is home to 95 species of mammals, amphibians and reptiles and more than 400 species of birds.
Bwindi National Park Bwindi National Park is located in southwestern Uganda in East Africa. The park includes 331 square kilometers of jungle forests and can only be reached on foot. Situated on the eastern edge of the Rift Valley, the park has a rich ecosystem. It also has a wide variety of fauna, including a number of endemic butterflies and one of the richest assemblages of mammals in Africa. The park is home to almost half of the world's mountain gorillas, of which, unfortunately, there are only 340 individuals.
Central Kalahari The Central Kalahari Game Reserve in the Kalahari Desert of Botswana covers an area of 52,800 km², approximately twice the size of Massachusetts, making it the second largest game reserve in the world. The park contains wild animals such as giraffes, brown hyena, warthog, cheetah, wild dogs, leopards, lions, blue wildebeest. Bushmen inhabited the Kalahari for thousands of years. These tribes still live here and roam the area as nomadic hunters.
Ngorongoro Ngorongoro is located in northwestern Tanzania. This is actually the spectacular Ngorongoro Crater, an extinct volcano that left behind a crater. The steep slopes of the crater provide habitat for a wide variety of wildlife. The area is also of great importance in the study of human origins, because it is here that some of the earliest human remains have been found, including traces of his presence here 3.5 million years ago.
Thank you for your attention!
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Subject. Human influence on the nature of Africa. Nature reserves and national parks.
Detailed lesson summary. The main goal of the lesson is the environmental problems of Africa, establishing cause-and-effect relationships....
Lesson “The influence of human economic activity on nature. Reserves, national parks of Australia" Objectives: to continue studying the topic of the interrelationships and relationships of organisms...
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