In nature, everything is interconnected with each other. Animals and plants living in one form a certain food chain. It represents the absorption of sunlight, water, and some elements of inanimate nature by plants and their transformation into. Then these substances and the plants themselves become food for representatives of the animal world. The smaller ones are eaten by predators. Scavengers follow, feeding on decay products. This entire sequence constitutes the food chain or food chain.
Each zone of the earth is characterized by a certain one. It depends on the representatives of the flora and fauna that are represented in this area. The food chain also includes microorganisms. Typically, the food chain begins with smaller representatives of the zone. For example, in water it originates from algae or small single-celled organisms. Then come the herbivores: crabs, crayfish, mussels, oysters. Plankton plays a huge role in water bodies, as it is the main source of the food chain.
For sushi, the primary source of the food chain is plants. Next come herbivores and insects: ungulates, rodents, birds, reptiles. Herbivores feed on carnivores and carrion eaters.
The steppe is a territory located on the plain, in the subtropical and temperate zones of both hemispheres. The steppe is characterized by grassy, low-growing vegetation and a small number of trees.
The food chain in the steppe is determined by the presence of representatives of the flora and fauna characteristic of it. Among the plants, feather grass, wormwood and other steppe grasses predominate. They tolerate drought well and do not require much water. Their vegetative system is designed in such a way that the main peak of their development occurs in the spring. It is at this time that the most favorable conditions are created. The fauna of the steppe is represented by ungulates, rodents, reptiles and insects. Gophers, jerboas, and marmots are very common. The bird family is represented by steppe eagles, bustards, larks, etc.
The food chain of the steppe zone may look like this: blackberry - lemming - arctic fox. This is a small, three-link power chain. The longer one can be represented as follows: snake - spider - praying mantis - grasshopper - grass. There are many food chains in the steppe. They involve all the animals and plants that live in this area. It is a bond that cannot be broken or broken. The destruction of at least one link will lead to the disappearance or extinction of other animals.
Recently, the situation with the extermination of flora and fauna has become catastrophic. People with particular cruelty deal with innocent inhabitants not only of the steppes, but also of other natural areas of the planet. Poaching is suppressed by law, but continues to flourish. Conservationists in all countries are sounding the alarm. Unfortunately, it is no longer possible to return some species of animals and plants. They are irretrievably lost. Urgent action is needed to prevent the extinction of some endangered species.
Man is one of the links in the food chain. He became the main predator. Therefore, by destroying animals and plants, humanity first of all endangers its existence. By disturbing the ecological balance in nature, we put our future at risk. Nature is capable of self-regulation through natural selection. But if a person interferes in this process, then it is not able to recover without his help. This is the irreplaceable wealth of the earth.
2. (p. 53) Our inquisitive Parrot knows something about the steppes. Here are some of his statements. Are they true? Circle "yes" or "no". If not, correct mistakes verbally.
a) The steppe zone is located south of the forest zones. (Yes)
b) The steppe zone has cold, rainy summers. (No)
c) The soils in the steppe zone are very fertile. (Yes)
d) Tulips bloom in the steppe at the height of summer. (No)
e) The bustard, one of the smallest birds in our country, is found in the steppe. (No)
3. (p. 54) Seryozha and Nadya’s mother asks if you know steppe plants. Cut out the pictures from the Appendix and place them in the appropriate boxes. Test yourself using the textbook. After self-test, paste the pictures.
4. (p. 54) And this task was prepared for you by Seryozha and Nadya’s dad. Find out the animals of the steppe from fragments. Write the names of the animals. Ask the student sitting next to you to check on you.
5. (p. 55) Make a diagram of the food chain characteristic of the steppe zone. Compare it with the diagram proposed by your desk neighbor. Using these diagrams, talk about the ecological connections in the steppe zone.
Feather grass - hamster - steppe eagle.
6. (p. 55) Think about what environmental problems of the steppe zone are expressed by these signs. Formulate and write down.
1) Plowing the steppes.
2) Long grazing.
3) Poaching.
7. (p. 55) Continue filling out the poster “The Red Book of Russia”, which was drawn by Seryozha and Nadya’s dad. Find the plants and animals of the steppe zone on the poster and write their names.
Plants and animals of the steppe zone: steppe eagle, steppe rack, thin-leaved peony.
8. (p. 56) According to the instructions in the textbook (p. 117), draw the steppe.
9. (p. 56) According to the instructions of the textbook (p. 117), prepare a report about the plants and animals of the steppe that particularly interested you.
Post subject: Bustard
Message plan:
1) External description of the bustard.
3) Where is the bird found?
Important message information:
Dudak (or bustard) is the largest representative of birds in the fauna of Russia. She has a fairly massive build, somewhat reminiscent of a turkey: a wide chest, a thick neck. The difference in size between females and males is very clearly expressed. The first ones are much smaller, reaching a weight of 4-8 kg and a length of up to 80 centimeters. At the same time, males are real giants. The total body length is on average about a meter, and the weight reaches 16 kilograms. Therefore, it is not surprising that this steppe bird once became an object of hunting. A distinctive feature is the powerful legs with three toes without feathers - a device for rapid movement on the ground. This is another distinctive feature by which you can easily recognize this bird. The plumage is very variegated. Nature has chosen a beautiful combination of discreet colors for her. Where does this beauty live? This is a steppe bird; it prefers places rich in dense, but not very tall vegetation (fescue, feather grass steppes), meadows. Initially, the bustard inhabited only virgin semi-deserts and steppes, but now its habitat has expanded, and human economic activity played a significant role in this.
Source of information: Internet.
- Steppe polecat
- Steppe Buzzard Eagle
- Kestrel
- Steppe viper.
We know that the climate in the steppe is usually arid and hot, and cold winters with winds; accordingly, animals and plants are somewhat different from those in the forest. Let's take these steppe inhabitants and create such interesting food chains. Here they are, let's look:) simpler) blackberries lemming (this is a rodent) serves as food for the arctic fox.
More complicated: the snake is a hunter of spiders, which in turn feed on praying mantises, and he, in turn, eats grass.
And one more thing: grain that serves as food for the volk mouse, which is caught by the eagle owl, a bird of prey. There are many examples where everyone eats someone, yes.
The steppe is a place where there is little vegetation and trees, since they need to endure long-term drought. The peak of their development occurs in the spring.
A short chain is, for example, blackberry-lemming-arctic fox.
Longer: snake-spider-mantis-grasshopper-grass.
In this picture you can see several food chains, for example, feather grass-gopher-fox, butterfly-lizard-falcon, buzzard.
The climatic conditions of the steppe are not the most comfortable - in summer the earth is dried out by the scorching rays of the sun, in winter it is very frosty, and winds blow across the plain, but, nevertheless, the flora and fauna of the steppe zone are quite diverse. As for food preferences, each inhabitant of the steppe has their own; it is impossible to create a single nutrition plan. Looking at the picture, let's try to create several food chains:
Cereals and sedges - vole - fox;
Grass (plants) - saiga - wolf;
Grass - butterflies and larvae - lizard - buzzard (falcon);
Plants - mouse (gopher, mole rat, marmot) - steppe eagle;
Grasses and sedges - gopher - ferret, etc.
The first link in such a chain will be plants. Next will come herbivores and insects, the next and last link are predators and animals that feed on carrion.
Examples of such chains that are characteristic of the steppe are:
blackberry lemming arctic fox (this is a small chain that consists of only three links).
snake spider mantis grasshopper grass (this is a larger chain, it consists of five links).
To do this you need to know what grows in the steppe. And what animals live in this area. Among the plants there are shrubs; trees do not grow in the steppe. There are many cereals. Many birds fly. Saiga antelopes and steppe wolves run.
Here's an example of a chain like this: cereals - mouse vole - ferret - steppe eagle. Look at the animals and determine your patterns. There are a lot of them, you can even build a chain of five links.
Draw up a diagram of the food chain for the steppe zone You can study the flora and fauna characteristic of the steppe. Who lives in the steppe? These are the golden eagle, steppe wolf, steppe hare, steppe eagle, steppe fox, saiga, bustard, lizard, kestrel, skylark, jerboa, long-eared hare, ground squirrel, yellow-bellied snake.
Animals must be poisoned in such a way that at the first level there are producers (plants, insects, worms), at the second level there are consumers of the 3rd order (herbivores), then consumers of the 2nd order (small carnivores) and the typical consumers of the steppe zone must complete the food chain 1 order (carnivores that feed on small carnivores).
To create a food chain for a particular natural area, you need to know what animals live in it and what plants grow.
For the steppe zone, you can create, for example, the following food chains:
grass - saiga - wolf
cereals - vole - owl
insects - hamster - steppe wolf
All animals and plants that live and grow in the steppe participate in food chains. Each of them is a link in the food chain. Therefore, the destruction of at least one link leads to the disappearance (extinction) of other animals. This is how ecological connections in the food chain manifest themselves. For example, in relation to the steppe zone: if for one reason or another (for example, drought) the vegetation in the steppe disappears, saigas, voles, hares and other herbivores will have nothing to eat. Accordingly, the population of these animals will decrease. Following the herbivores, the number of predators will decrease, since they will also lack food.
It all starts because the first chain element will be the strongest and oldest.
After all, in the steppe zone the weakest will be the smallest animal or insect.
The complete item can be seen in the picture.
The steppe is not very rich in flora and fauna, however, it is possible to create more than one food chain.
Vegetation - hare - fox.
Insects - marmots - wolf.
Vegetation: steppe moths - steppe polecat.
Locusts - multi-colored foot-and-mouth disease - steppe viper.
First, let's look at what climate and what vegetation grows in the steppes.
1) In the steppes in summer it is very hot, summer is dry. In winter it is very cold. But nevertheless, the steppes are home to quite a few animals, birds and all kinds of insects.
2) There are no trees in the steppes, but there are many different shrubs and cereals growing.
And each creature has significantly different food preferences and therefore there is no unambiguous food chain for the steppe.
I found a plausible power circuit on the Internet, here it is:
It follows from this that at the head of the food chain for the steppe zone are the following animals, birds and even reptiles:
A food chain is a sequence of interactions between living organisms during which matter and energy are transferred. Simply put, it tells who eats whom in what order.
Who eats whom in the steppe
Steppes are open, treeless, arid spaces; It is hot and dry in summer and cold and windy in winter. The predominant plants here are herbs, primarily cereals; They are at the base of the local food chain (like almost any other, however), since only they can create organic substances from minerals using sunlight (energy). They are eaten by herbivores; in the steppes these are both invertebrates (primarily insects, but also other arthropods, mollusks, etc.) and vertebrates (rodents, ungulates, some birds, etc.). Those, in turn, are hunted by predatory steppe vertebrates and invertebrates. It happens that one predator becomes the prey of another. In this case, the length of the power circuit increases.
What are the food chains in the steppe?
Taking into account the above, let us consider specific examples of what the following food chains may be like in the steppe:
- grass - locust - falcon kestrel. This is a short power circuit;
- grass - brown hare - fox - golden eagle. This food chain already includes two predators;
- grass - ground squirrel - yellow-bellied snake - steppe eagle;
- grass - green grasshopper - steppe viper;
- grass - locust - gray grasshopper - praying mantis - long-eared hedgehog - steppe fox corsac - steppe eagle.
In the latter case, we see as many as seven elements in the food chain (the gray grasshopper here also acts as a predator, since it is able to feed on insects). In reality, power chains can be even longer.
The food chain in the steppe may include humans. Then it could look, for example, like this:
grass - saiga - man.
In the past, in prehistoric times, it happened that a person himself could get into the food chain not only as a predator, but also as prey.
Any species of steppe animals and plants is a component of at least one, and usually several food chains.
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