Presentation on history on the topic: Global problems of humanity Completed by: Alina Moshkarina Group 126
The global problems of our time are a set of socio-natural problems, the solution of which determines the social progress of mankind and the preservation of civilization as a whole.
At the moment, the following global problems are identified in the world: 1) global warming; 2) terrorism; 3) drug addiction; 4) the problem of cancer and AIDS; 5) ozone holes; 6) catastrophic environmental pollution; 7) decrease in biodiversity, etc.
1. Global warming is the process of a gradual increase in the average annual temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and the World Ocean.
Causes of global warming: loss of tropical forests; air pollution; ozone layer destruction; increase in greenhouse gas concentrations.
2. Terrorism is the achievement of political goals through sabotage, blackmail with the lives of hostages and inciting fear in society.
To combat terrorism, the following strategies are distinguished: conservative - this strategy implies partial concessions to the demands of terrorists (payment of ransom, territorial and moral concessions); a progressive strategy means the unconditional destruction of terrorists and their supporters.
3. Drug addiction is a painful attraction or addiction to narcotic substances used in various ways (swallowing, inhalation, intravenous injection) in order to achieve a stupefying state or relieve pain.
Types of drugs: opiates; n hemp preparations; a methamphetamines; cocaine; g allucinogens; sleeping pills; inhalants.
Treatment of drug addiction is a method aimed at ridding the drug addict of physical and psychological cravings for drugs, as well as reducing the doses taken by the drug addict.
4. Oncological diseases. Oncology is a branch of medicine that studies tumors, their etymology and pathogenesis, mechanisms and patterns of occurrence and development, methods of prevention and treatment.
Types of cancer: sarcoma; to arcinoid; h malignant tumor of the thyroid gland; h malignant tumors of the pancreas; cancer diseases, etc.
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a condition that develops against the background of HIV infection and is characterized by a decrease in the number of CD4+ lymphocytes, multiple opportunistic infections, non-infectious and tumor diseases.
Symptoms of AIDS: enlarged lymph nodes; influenza-like illnesses; temperature; loss of appetite; body aches; chronic fatigue; dark red tumor-like formations on the skin, in the mouth and nose; respiratory infections.
Prevention of AIDS: do not have sexual contact with casual acquaintances; study of social conditions; compliance with sterility rules; cessation of drug use.
5. Ozone holes are a local drop in ozone concentration in the Earth's ozone layer.
Causes of ozone holes: environmental pollution; release of freons into the atmosphere; a sharp drop or rise in temperature; emissions of volcanic gases; change in the area of polar holes.
6. Environmental pollution is the introduction into the environment or the emergence in it of new, usually unusual physical, chemical, informational or biological agents, as well as their natural average long-term level in various environments, leading to negative impacts.
Types of contamination: microbiological; mechanical; chemical; aerosol; thermal; light; noise; electromagnetic; radioactive.
7. Decline in biodiversity. Biodiversity is the variety of life in all its manifestations.
Reasons for the decline in biodiversity: increased human migration, increased trade and tourism; nature pollution; insufficient attention to the long-term consequences of actions that exploit natural resources; the inability to estimate the true cost of biological diversity and its losses; rapid population growth and economic development, bringing enormous changes to the living conditions of all organisms.
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Lesson topic: Global problems Presentation prepared by: Meshcheryakova E.V. MBOU VSOSH No. 3 of Lipetsk
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Plan 1. The concept of “global problems” 2. Causes of global problems 3. Environmental problems 4. Nuclear threat 5. Demographic problem 6. Energy problem 7. What awaits humanity in the future?
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Global problems of humanity are problems that concern all of humanity. No state is able to cope with these problems.
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Causes of global problems 1. The huge scale of human activity, which has radically changed nature, society, and people’s way of life. 2. The inability of humanity to rationally manage the powerful force of progress.
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Features Are planetary in nature Threaten with the death of all humanity Require collective efforts of the world community
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Classification of global problems Political Ecological Social Economic Emergence of local conflicts “Greenhouse effect” Demographic situation Food problem Danger of nuclear war Pollution of the atmosphere and waters of the World Ocean Contradictions between the “north” and “south” Economic crises Differences in political systems “Ozone hole” Terrorism Depletion of resources
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Environmental problems Thinning of the ozone layer and an increase in the influx of ultraviolet radiation. Atmospheric pollution with carbon dioxide and other waste from human activities. Soil erosion, salinization and waterlogging. Deforestation, especially in equatorial regions. Pollution of the hydrosphere (waters of the world's oceans)
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Nuclear threat Over the last 5.5 thousand. There have been 14,500 wars over the years, in which 4 billion people have died. The nuclear threat to humanity arose in the mid-twentieth century. During these years, the USA and the USSR launched a nuclear arms race, balancing on the brink of war. This danger has decreased, but has not completely disappeared, because at the beginning of the 21st century, the possibility of using nuclear weapons arose. There are several groups of potential sources of challenges and threats: – officially recognized nuclear states (USA, Russia, France, UK and China); – unrecognized nuclear states that have openly declared the presence of nuclear weapons (India and Pakistan); – states that have nuclear weapons, but do not officially admit it (Israel); – states without nuclear status, but with the motivation to possess nuclear weapons and the necessary scientific and technological potential for this (DPRK, Iran); .
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Demographic problem Back at the end of the 18th century. The English priest Malthus put forward a theory (Malthusianism). According to this theory, the welfare of workers under capitalism is determined by the “natural law of population,” which is determined by the fact that the world population grows in geometric progression, but the growth of production only in arithmetic progression. The number of earthlings has already exceeded 7 billion. The population is increasing in the “third world” countries (India, China, Brazil, Mexico, etc.)
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Demographic problem Demographics records the decline of the indigenous population in developed Western countries due to a sharp decline in the birth rate. The birth rate in Europe has fallen to 1.34 children per woman. The fertility level required for simple population reproduction is 2.1 births per woman. In the press you can read the following forecasts: “Europe is disappearing as a sociocultural organism; by 2050 it will shrink by 100 million people” (excluding immigration - by 120 million).” All Western countries are trying to make up for the decline in fertility through replacement migration - “importing people.” The European record is held by Switzerland, where every fifth resident is a foreigner. There are 10 million Turks living in Germany, but, according to UN demographers, by 2050 the country's population will decrease from 82 to 58.8 million people.
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Energy problem The history of civilization is the history of the invention of more and more new methods of energy conversion. The first leap in the growth of energy consumption occurred when people learned to make fire and use it for cooking and heating their homes. The sources of energy during this period were firewood and human muscle power. The next important stage is associated with the invention of the wheel, the creation of various tools, and the development of blacksmithing. By the 15th century, medieval man, using draft animals, water and wind power, firewood and a small amount of coal, already consumed approximately 10 times more than primitive man. In modern society I use nuclear energy, gas, oil. Today, the production of oil, gas and other minerals is increasing every year. According to scientists, at the current rate of mining, there will only be enough for a hundred years.
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Ways to resolve global problems Solving problems is an urgent task for all humanity. The following ways to solve global problems of our time are identified: 1. Curb the arms race, ban the creation and use of weapons systems of mass destruction, human and material resources, the elimination of nuclear weapons, etc.; 2. Economical use of natural resources and reduction of pollution from waste material production of soil, water and air; 3.Reducing the rate of population growth in developing countries and overcoming the demographic crisis in developed capitalist countries; 4. To solve the food problem, it is necessary to use biotechnology, new high-yielding varieties, and further development of mechanization, chemicalization and land reclamation.
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Conclusion - Global problems are a challenge to the human mind. It is impossible to escape them. They can only be overcome through the efforts of all countries through cooperation. - Every person must realize that Humanity is on the verge of destruction, and whether we survive or not depends on each of us.
Prevention of World War 3,
Overcoming the environmental crisis,
Reducing the difference in the level of development between devel-
ty states and countries of the “3rd world”,
Stabilization of the demographic situation. ,
The fight against drug addiction, AIDS, etc. ,
The fight against international terrorism,
Revival of cultural and moral values.
The concept of "global problems".
single house
But! Low level:
Public organization
Political muscle
morality,
ecological mouse
Destructive
forces of nature
Activity
person
Violation of environmental
equilibrium
Exhaustion
natural
resources(40 years)
Exhaustion
fertile
Threat of environmental crisis.
Violation of environmental
equilibrium
Pollution
atmosphere
Pollution
waters of the world
ecological alternative.
Violation of environmental
equilibrium
Closing
industrial
objects
Scientific and technological progress and ecological alternative.
Violation of environmental
equilibrium
Development
restorative
technologies
Ecologically
saving
technologies
Zero waste
technologies
Closed
Wars are a constant companion
humanity
Problems of war and peace in modern conditions.
Recognition of the priority of universal human values
Refusal of war as a means of resolving conflicts
Recognition of the law of peoples independently and
free to choose your destiny,
Understanding the interconnectedness of modern
North-South problem.
50-60-liberation,
70-fast economic
80-deceleration, external
borrowing.
North-South problem.
Rapid population growth in the South,
The policy of the North is “The South is a raw material appendage.”
Reasonable demographic policy,
Reducing the arms race and
transferring funds to countries
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Global problems of our time
- problems affecting all people on Earth
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Ecological problems
“The road of civilization is paved with tin cans” (Alberto Moravia, writer)
1.Atmospheric pollution with harmful gases (the problem of large cities)
2. Man-made disasters as a result of human activity: - accidents at gas stations - oil spills - explosions in warehouses with chemicals, etc.
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3. Invasion of nature has the following negative consequences: - droughts - landslides - floods - global warming - soil depletion
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Waste - substances (or mixtures of substances) recognized as unsuitable for further use within the framework of existing technologies, or after domestic use of products. The amount of waste people produce is growing exponentially.
Waste
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Humanity has been cutting down forests for a long time, reclaiming land from the forest for agriculture and simply for obtaining firewood. Later, people developed a need to create infrastructure (cities, roads) and extract minerals, which spurred the process of deforestation of the territories. However, the main reason for deforestation is the increase in the need for food, that is, areas for grazing livestock and sowing crops, both permanent and replacement.
Deforestation
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Rapid growth of the world's population. Reduction and scarcity of natural resources
We are already almost 7 billion people!
There is a real threat of depletion of many important types of raw materials (oil, gas). A resource famine may occur. 2. Lack of drinking water is one of the most dangerous problems.
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The growth of the Earth's population
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Scientists have proven that the Earth's biosphere can only support 1 billion people. Every day the population of the earth increases by 200,000 people, which leads to an increase in the consumption of resources and aggravates the problem of employment, housing, and food. The circle closes: The amount of waste, environmental pollution, and deforestation increases. The lack of jobs leads to poverty and the development of bad habits.
Law of Hyperbolic Growth of the Earth's Population
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International security
August 6, 9, 1945. Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Weapons of mass destruction
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Nuclear weapons pose a danger to all humanity. Large states that own nuclear weapons are forced to confirm their strength by increasing their number, although the explosion of even one bomb instantly destroys hundreds of thousands of people, and pollutes a vast territory with radioactive emissions, making it uninhabitable, changes the human genome, causing mutations and deformities in newborns children tens of years after the explosion, which could lead to the degeneration of humanity.
Nuclear weapon
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Terrorism (Latin terror - fear, horror), is aimed at the mass destruction of civilians, creating an atmosphere of fear in society.
Terrorism
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Poverty in the modern world
Millions of people in Asia and Africa exist on the brink of survival
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Poverty is a fundamental global problem facing the world community. It has a detrimental effect on the economy, social relations, politics, and culture. Poverty and backwardness are characteristic primarily of the third world, but this does not make the problem less relevant in relation to highly developed countries. The inability of most of the poorest countries to escape poverty on their own has made the problem of poverty universal.
The connection between poverty and other global threats and risks – illegal migration, international terrorism, and the growth of transnational crime – is becoming stronger. Poverty living, unsanitary conditions, and chronic diseases also pose a danger to residents of rich countries (HIV, Ebola, SARS and other pandemics).
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Drugs cause both physical and psychological dependence. An irresistible attraction is associated with mental (psychological) and sometimes physical (physiological) dependence on drugs. Physical dependence means painful and even painful sensations, a painful state during a break from constant drug use (the so-called withdrawal syndrome, withdrawal). These sensations can be temporarily relieved by resuming drug use.
Addiction
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