Presentation on the science of the human body. Biological and social nature of man. Sciences about the human body. Biological essence of Homo sapiens

Lesson Plan1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Safety precautions.
Rules for working in the classroom.
Introduction to the textbook apparatus.
Human Sciences.
History of the development of anatomy.

Man as a link in a series of living beings:

A.) commonality in the manifestation of the main
biological functions (birth,
dies, eats, breathes,
reproduces);
B.) cellular structure;
C.) similarity in the body plan
humans and mammals

Specific human characteristics:

Upright walking
Most advanced brain development
Ability to work
Creation of social and technogenic environment,
making it possible to expand food and
energetic resources
Ability to speak and write,
allowing you to connect with members
society, transfer knowledge and experience
previous generations
Reflection and control
own behavior.

HUMAN SCIENCES
ANATO
MIA
(from lat.
anatome–
dissection)
PHYSIO
LOGIA
(from Latin fisis
- nature
PSYCHO
LOGIA
(from Greek
"psycho" soul
HYGIENE
ON
(from Greek
"hygienic"
s"healthy

ANATOMY

- the science of the internal structure of man.
* Latin language
METHODS
Opening
deceased
of people
X-ray
Ultrasound

PHYSIOLOGY

- the science of human functions
body and its organs.
Observation
behind
healthy and
sick
people
Experiments on
animals
METHODS
Laboratory methods
Functional
samples
Usage
electronics

PSYCHOLOGY

the science of general patterns of mental
processes and individual personal properties
person.
the science of people's mental life.
METHODS
Observation
Introspection
Experiment
Measurement

HYGIENE

- Branch of medicine that studies the effects
natural environment, work and everyday life on the body
people in order to develop measures for
protecting people's health.
METHODS
Studying
factors
natural environment:
-physical,
-chemical,
-biological
Observations:
-physiological;
-clinical
Sanitary
examination

F. Felini

"Of all the adventures,
life has prepared for us,
the most important and interesting thing is -
go inside yourself
yourself, explore the unknown
part of yourself."
F. Felini

HISTORY OF SCIENCE

№
Scientist
Years
life
Main ideas.
Contribution to science

HERACLITUS (late 6th – early 5th centuries)

Organisms
develop according to
laws of nature.
The world is continuous
is changing

ARISTOTLE (384 – 322 BC)

Comparison of organs
animals and humans.
Introduced terms
"organism", "aorta"
sincere
activity
man exists
while the body lives.

HIPPOCRATES (about 466 - about 377 BC)

Description of the bones of the body
Description of organs
animal analogies
essay on
traumatology (about
dressings, wound treatment,
fractures)
Treatises on hygiene (about
healthy lifestyle, oh
influence of water, air and
areas for health)
Rejected the divine
Human Origins

CLAUDIUS GALEN (130-200 AD)

Conducted experiments on animals
I experienced the effect of lek.
substances
Proved that during his lifetime
animals flows through the arteries
blood (before this it was believed that
air)
Studied the structure in detail
monkey organs and did
erroneous conclusions that a person
arranged in a similar way
For 14 centuries it
work was the basis of medical
knowledge in Europe and Middle East.

Abu Ali Ibn Sin (Avicenna) (980 – 1037)

Studied physiology and
anatomy
Diseases are caused
invisible
organisms
"The Canon of Medicine"
science" for 5
centuries - the most important
medical
management

Leonardo da Vinci (1452 – 1519)

In my drawings
FIRST TIME portrayed
various organs
Described the structure
human skeleton
Classified
muscles

Raphael Santi (1483-1520)

Studied, described and
sketched
body structure
person

Paracelsus (1493-1541)

Every disease has
your pathogen.
I used simple
medicines
instead of doubtful
drugs
Recommended
natural methods
treatment: diet,
mineral water,
peace, fresh air

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

Founder of modern
anatomy
Produced at lectures
dissection of corpses
Identified Galen's errors
Exactly described and
depicted the internal
organs of the human body
and skeleton
Described the heart valves
For the first time I brought all the knowledge
into the system

Ambroise Pare (1516-1590)

Founder
modern
surgery
Suggested a method
dressings of large
vessels with
operations.
Developed methods
treatment
gunshot wounds

William Harvey (1587-1657)

William Harvey
Founder of birth and
development of modern
physiology
Opening 2 circles
blood circulation
Study
physiological
functions using
experimental
methods
(1587-1657)

Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)

Identified the presence
electrical
living phenomena
fabrics
Founder
electrophysiology

Edward Jenner (1743-1823)

FIRST time started
vaccinate against smallpox

William Morton (1819-1868)

FIRST
used for
pain relief and
anesthesia couples
broadcast on
dentistry

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Founder
microbiology
Proved that diseases
caused by microbes
Developed methods
precautionary
vaccinations against
infectious diseases
(anthrax,
rabies, rubella)

Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915)

Studied immunity
Described the forms
leukocytes in
person
Founder
anti-infective
chemotherapy

Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943)

Discovered blood groups
Detected antigens
Discovered the Rh factor

Alexander Flemming (1881-1955)

Discovered lysozyme
Discovered penicillin

Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich (1810-1881)

Founder
experimental
anatomy and military field
surgery
Sawing
defrosted corpses (for
precise definition
location of internal
organs and tissues)
First used ethereal
anesthesia, plaster casts in
field conditions and
I used alcohol and iodine
against suppuration of wounds

Founder
scientific system
physical
education and
medical and pedagogical
control in
physical culture

Ukhtomsky Alexey Alekseevich (1875-1942)

Created a doctrine
about the dominant

Burdenko Nikolai Nilovich (1876-1946)

Founder
neurosurgery
Developed by
operations on
spinal cord

Homework:

Introduction,
§1,§2.
Creative task: presentation about
scientist, thinker, doctor.

1. How do they study the structure and functions of the human body? 2. Why animal experiments provide a better understanding of function

Frontal survey:
1. How to study the structure and functions of the human
body?
2. Why experiments on animals lead to better results.
understand the functions of the human body?
3. What is psychology?
4. What is health? How to save it?
5. What sciences are studied:
A) the structure of a person and his organs;
B) functions of the human body;
C) human mental activity;
D) the influence of the natural environment, life and work on
human health for the purpose of health protection
population?

“Human Organism Class 3” - Humpbacked, pale, frail, short. Neck. The organ of vision is the eye. Lungs. Story. Muscles. Kidneys. The circulatory organ is the heart. Which line contains words that describe a healthy person? Head. 6.Which organ does a person breathe with? Torso. To harden, I eat hot and cold at the same time. Anatomy.

“The human body and its structure” - Lesson summary. Anatomy Structure of the human body Physiology of the work of internal organs. Breathing and blood circulation. Organ systems. Body support and movement. Homework. What organs does the digestive system consist of? It was interesting. Provides blood movement in the body - blood circulation. Torso. The musculoskeletal system consists of the skeleton and muscles.

“Iodine in the human body” - The liquid and gaseous iodine molecule consists of two atoms (I2). Let the liquid cool and settle for a couple of hours. Elemental iodine is an oxidizing agent, less powerful than chlorine and bromine. Per 100 g of product iodine content: cow's milk - 16 mg, kefir - 14 mg, cream - 9 mg, sour cream - 8 mg. Millet groats – 4.5 mg, buckwheat groats – 3.3 mg, wheat groats – 1.5 mg, rice groats – 1.3 mg.

“Human Organism” - Digestive system. Nervous system Musculoskeletal system Respiratory system Circulatory system Digestive system. Expand knowledge about the structure of the human body. Wishing you exciting discoveries in exploring the world around you! Find out how the work of internal organs is structured. Tasks: Respiratory system.

“Iodine in the human body” - Results of an experiment by students of grade 3 “A”. What can a lack of iodine lead to in the body? We check for iodine deficiency. What is iodine? Results of educational work. Trips to the sea are an excellent prevention of iodine deficiency. I found out which foods contain the most iodine.

“The human body around the world” - The skin is the “border guard” of a person. Independent work in a notebook, p. 3-5. From internal organs, skeleton, skin. In the sun, the skin darkens from tanning, making the skin opaque. What is the smallest part of a living organism called? In winter, with a lack of sun, the tan disappears. How do the covers of amphibians, reptiles, birds and animals differ?

HIPPOCRATES (about 466 - about 377 BC) Description of the bones of the body Description of organs by analogy with animals essay on traumatology (on dressings, treatment of wounds, fractures) Treatises on hygiene (on a healthy lifestyle, on the influence of water, air and terrain to health) Rejected the divine origin of man

CLAUDIUS GALEN (AD) Conducted experiments on animals Tested the effects of medications. substances He proved that during life animals have blood flowing through their arteries (before that it was believed that it was air) He studied in detail the structure of monkey organs and made erroneous conclusions that humans are structured in a similar way. For 14 centuries, his work was the basis of medical science. knowledge in Europe and Middle East.

Rafael Santi () Studied, described and sketched the structure of the human body

Paracelsus () Each disease has its own pathogen. Used simple medicines instead of dubious drugs. Recommended natural methods of treatment: diet, mineral waters, rest, fresh air.

Andreas Vesalius () Founder of modern anatomy At lectures he dissected corpses Identified Galen's mistakes Accurately described and depicted the internal organs of the human body and skeleton Described the heart valves For the first time he brought all knowledge into a system

Ambroise Pare () Founder of modern surgery. He proposed a method of ligating large vessels during operations. Developed methods for treating gunshot wounds

William Harvey () Founder of the birth and development of modern physiology Discovery of 2 circles of blood circulation Study of physiological functions using experimental methods

Luigi Galvani () Revealed the presence of electrical phenomena in living tissues Founder of electrophysiology

Edward Jenner () FIRST began to vaccinate against smallpox

William Morton () FIRST used ether vapor for anesthesia and anesthesia in dentistry

Louis Pasteur () Founder of microbiology Proved that diseases are caused by microbes Developed methods of preventive vaccinations against infectious diseases (anthrax, rabies, rubella)

Paul Ehrlich () Studied immunity Described the forms of leukocytes in humans Founder of anti-infective chemotherapy

Karl Landsteiner () Discovered blood groups Discovered antigens Discovered the Rh factor

Alexander Flemming () Discovered lysozyme Discovered penicillin

Pirogov Nikolai Ivanovich () Founder of experimental anatomy and military field surgery Sawing thawed corpses (to accurately determine the location of internal organs and tissues) First used ether anesthesia, plaster casts in the field and used alcohol and iodine against suppuration of wounds

Sechenov Ivan Mikhailovich () Founder of Russian physiology Brain reflexes. Explanations of human mental activity

Pavlov Ivan Petrovich () Identified the mechanisms of the occurrence of conditioned reflexes Experimentally confirmed Sechenov’s theory Physiology of digestion

Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich () Discovered phagocytosis

Sergei Petrovich Botkin () Created the doctrine according to which the body is a single whole, and the nervous system plays the leading role in it

Lesgaft Petr Frantsevich () Founder of the scientific system of physical education and medical and pedagogical control in physical culture

Ukhtomsky Alexey Alekseevich () Created the doctrine of the dominant

Burdenko Nikolai Nilovich () Founder of neurosurgery Developed operations on the spinal cord

Specific characteristics of a person: Walking upright The most advanced brain development Ability to work Creation of a social and technogenic environment that makes it possible to expand food and energy resources Ability to speak and write, allowing you to establish connections with members of society, transfer the knowledge and experience of previous generations Reflection and opportunity control your own behavior. 35

HYGIENE for the protection of human health - A branch of medicine that studies the influence of the natural environment, work and everyday life on the human body in order to develop measures to protect human health. Study of environmental factors: -f-f-f-physical, -x-x-x-chemical, -b-b-b-biological Observations: -f-f-f-physiological; -k-k-k-clinical Sanitary examination METHODS
1. How do they study the structure and functions of the human body? 2. Why do experiments on animals allow us to better understand the functions of the human body? 3. What is psychology? 4. What is health? How to save it? 5. What sciences study: A) the structure of man and his organs; B) functions of the human body; C) human mental activity; D) the influence of the natural environment, life and work on human health in order to protect public health? Frontal survey:

Lesson topic: Sciences that study the human body. The place of man in the taxonomy of the living world. Lesson objectives: 1. To become familiar with the variety of sciences that study the human body. 2. Familiarize yourself with the methods of studying the human body. 3. Find out the place of man in the taxonomy of living organisms.

Sciences that study the human body: (name - what it studies) 1. Human anatomy - external and internal structure. 2. Physiology – life processes. 3. Medicine - human diseases, their treatment. 4.Hygiene – the influence of various factors on human health and the development of health measures. 5.Psychology - mental processes and characteristics of human behavior. 6. Genetics – human heredity. 7.Human ecology – the relationship between man and the environment. 8. Anthropology - the process of human evolution

Methods for studying the human body 1. External examination 2. Listening and tapping 3. Observation 4. Biochemical analysis of cells, tissues, blood, etc. 5. Surgery 6. X-ray 7. Ultrasound (ultrasound) 8. Using electrical appliances, etc. .

Man's place in the system of the organic world Kingdom Animals Subkingdom Multicellular animals Type Chordata Subtype Cranial or Vertebrates Class Mammals or Animals Order Primates Family Hominids (apes) Genus Species Human Homo sapiens

1. WRITE THE REQUIRED NAMES OF SCIENCES: (Option 1 – odd numbers, option 2 – even numbers) 1. human diseases, their treatment is studied by science…. 2.external and internal structure is studied by science…. 3.science studies the influence of various factors on human health…. 4.features of human behavior are studied by science…. 5.science studies the process of human evolution…. 6.life processes are studied by science…. 7.human heredity is studied by science... 8.the relationship between man and the environment is studied by science.... 2. LIST THE METHODS OF STUDYING MAN (simple and modern) 3. TO WHICH SYSTEMATIC GROUPS DOES MAN BELONG?