When not used with nouns, adjectives, and adverbs in -o (-e), it can be both a particle and a prefix. If there is an opposition in the sentence, it is not a particle and is written separately with these parts of speech:
1) He was not telling the truth. - Not truth on his side, but strength.
2) We started a sad song. - This song is not funny, but sad.
3) They sang not - loudly. - They sang not loudly, but very quietly.
In order for students to clearly imagine this structure, the simplest cases are introduced into the exercises.
Choose antonyms for adjectives.
The task is not difficult, but…. Summer is not cold, but…. The path is not close, but…. The day is not sunny, but…. The book is not boring, but…. The person is not evil, but…. The dress is not light, but….
Then the attention of students should be drawn to the fact that the presence of a union a or but does not mean opposition. Examples are analyzed.
In the sentence, the river is not deep, but shallow, one sign (deep) is denied, another sign (shallow) is approved. Deep and shallow are the opposite. Not deep can not be replaced by a synonym shallow, as the result is nonsense: "The river is shallow, but shallow."
Let's take another example: The river is shallow, but fast. Here both signs are attributed to the river: it is shallow, that is, shallow, and fast. Shallow and fast are not antonyms. Therefore, the word shallow can be replaced with a synonym shallow and the sentence will not lose its meaning: The river is shallow, but fast.
Another example:
1) They speak not loudly, but quietly. There is an opposition here, since it is impossible to replace a synonym not loudly, and the word quiet is the antonym of the adverb loud.
2) Speak softly, but clearly. Here you can replace quietly with the synonym quietly; distinctly is not the opposite of loud. There are no concepts opposite to each other, in which one is denied and the other is affirmed.
So, it is not written separately with nouns, adjectives and adverbs in -o, if in the sentence one concept is denied, and another, opposite to it, is affirmed.
We consolidate this material by analyzing the following sentences.
1) Matter is dim, but beautiful. - The matter is not bright, but faded.
2) The guys ate not ripe, but completely green apples. - The apples are unripe, but already delicious. - We ate unripe, almost green apples.
1) The road is uneven, but the shortest.
2) The face is ugly, but pleasant.
3) His knowledge is not deep, but very superficial.
4) Raspberries this year are medium-sized, but sweet.
In some cases, opposition can only be implied. Then the spelling not with adjectives depends on the meaning put into the word: the river is small (that is, small); the river is not big (here the speaker seems to argue with the statement that the river is big).
Thus, if, in the absence of opposition, the presence of a feature is asserted, it is not written together with the adjective; if the feature is denied and the opposite is emphasized, it is not written separately.
He (was) not rich. - He was not (was) rich. He (was) insane. - He was not (was) smart. He (was) unskillful. -He was not (was) cunning. He (was) not happy. -He was not (was) cheerful.
For consolidation, you can invite students to compose (orally) several sentences, so that not with the adjective it is written either together or separately.
It is written separately not with possessive adjectives (not a cat breed, not a hunting rifle), with adjectives and adverbs in a comparative degree (no higher, no more beautiful, no more, no longer) and with short adjectives that are either not used in full form, or get a different meaning, or do not have a complete form at all: should not, do not have to, do not intend, wrong, not visible, not ready, disagree, not inclined, not happy, not necessary, not necessary, not averse.
In other cases, it is not a prefix and is written together.
We offer material for training works.
1) He was neither handsome nor ugly, neither tall nor short (Gonch.).
2) I am not rich, not bureaucratic, and by his age he is not at all a match (L.).
3) I was immediately seized by an unpleasant, motionless dampness (T.).
4) Although they were poor people, they were educated (T.).
5) Her joyless and rainy day has long passed (T.).
6) Not a plowman, not a carpenter, not a carpenter, but the first worker in the village.
7) Yellow, not oil, with a tail, not a mouse.
The moon is not dull, not pale, thoughtless, not hazy, like ours, but pure, transparent, like crystal (Gonch.).
9) The expression of this look was very vague, but not mocking (L.).
10) Day and night a gentle, but persistent wind prowled (M.G.).
11) Your sweet image is unforgettable, it is in front of me everywhere, always unattainable, unchanging, like a star in the sky at night (Tyutch.).
12) Now in front of us were not high inaccessible mountains, but small hills with inconspicuous, nondescript vegetation.
13) Distant and incomprehensible stars quietly froze in the immense heights and, it seems, look with envy at the restless life on earth.
Define a sentence in which NOT with a word is written LITTLE. Expand the parentheses and write out this word.
Some exercises are (not) completed.
You can take on the organization of the show of a still (not) written, but ingeniously conceived picture.
The dovecote is (not) painted.
Vyvolochnov was one of Tolstoy's followers, in whose minds the thoughts of a genius (not) knowing peace were irreparably shallow.
The ice crust will crack, covering the (not) deep but wide swamp, and again quietly.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here's the correct spelling:
Some exercises have not been completed.
You can take upon yourself the organization of the display of a still unwritten, but brilliantly conceived picture.
The dovecote is not painted.
Vyvolochnov was one of Tolstoy's followers, in whose minds the thoughts of a genius who knew no rest were irreparably shallow.
The ice crust will crack, covering the shallow but wide swamp, and again it will be quiet.
Answer: SMALL.
Answer: shallow
Rule: Task 13. Consolidated and separate spelling of NOT and NO with different parts of speech
Spelling NOT and NOR.
According to the specification in the task of this type, the following is checked:
- the ability to distinguish a NOT particle from a NI particle;
- the ability to distinguish the prefix NOT from the prefix NI;
- the ability to write together or separately NOT with all parts of speech.
In this regard, we draw attention to the fact that the condition of the tasks, depending on its goals, can differ significantly. At the same time, we note that in the typical tasks of the exam (authors Tsybulko I.P., Lvov, Egoraeva), only the ability to write together or separately NOT with different parts of speech is tested, but in the tasks of other authors, including Senina, MMIO (StatGrad) there are also tasks to choose from NOT or NOR. The RESHUEEGE editors also consider it necessary to expand the types of this task within the specification of the current year.
We also draw attention to the fact that a number of rules by which the spelling is checked are not studied in the school course. Such rules are marked with a *.
12.1 Merged and separate spelling of particles NOT and NO.
The particle is not written separately:
| 1) If there is or implies opposition with names, adverbs and participles. A distinction should be made between a direct opposition, in which one of the two features called adjectives is denied, and the second is affirmed, and an opposition with a concessive connotation of meaning, in which both features called adjectives are attributed to the subject, that is, there is an opposition, but without denial ... Wed: The lake is not deep, but shallow (the feature "deep" is denied and the feature "shallow" is approved). - The lake is shallow, but wide (both features are approved: "both shallow and wide"; "although shallow, but wide e") ... | 1) This is not happiness, but grief. The river is not shallow (deep). You are not my friend. We walked slowly, not fast. Not a dying, but a growing rumble. |
| 2) * With adjectives, adverbs in -o and participles, words in -m, if opposition is implied and negation is reinforced with the words:
a) not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, not at all; b) negative pronouns: not at all, not at all, no one, no one, no one, never, nowhere, no, nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, etc. For convenience of explanation, we call them reference and amplifiers. | a) This is not true at all; This case is not at all unique; This is by no means obvious; She is far from being brave; He is not in the least stupid man; It's no fun to talk about it; Not in the least embarrassed; She is not at all more educated than her husband; b) The case is in no way suitable; A worthless project; He's not my friend; not at all envious, not needed by anyone, in no way useless, not good for anything, not capable of anything, not interesting in any way; He is no more beautiful than his sister; |
| 3) * With short adjectives that are not used in full. | 3) not happy, should not, not right, not visible, not intending, not disposed, not ready, not obligated, not needed, disagree. |
| 4) With full participles in the presence of dependent words (except for words of power amplifiers, see the list) or opposition (as a general rule) | 4) There were fields of rye that had not yet been harvested. Not a laughing child, but a crying child. |
| 4) * With verbal adjectives formed from transitive imperfective verbs using the suffixes -em-, -im- only if there is a dependent word in the instrumental case. | 4) The subject I did not like was to be taken this year. This case requires additional clarification. It is necessary to distinguish spelling not with words in -my, formed from transitive imperfective verbs: such words can be both passive present participles and adjectives (in the first case, the spelling is not separate, in the second - continuous). They are participles if, with them, the instrumental case of the character is used as an explanatory word, less often the instrumental instrument (the so-called instrumental); in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives (they lose the meaning of passivity and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Wed: a child not loved by a mother - games that are unloved in childhood (in the second case, the word unloved indicates a constant sign, means approximately the same as “unpleasant”, “undesirable”); motion not impeded by air is the side of the Moon invisible from the Earth. Adjectives of this type include: invisible, irresponsible, unflamenable, unquenchable, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, invisible, unchangeable, unloved, inconceivable, untaxable, unalienable, untranslatable, indescribable, unknowable, untestable, unconjugated, intolerant other Wed their spelling in the presence of explanatory words: indivisible by three, unforgettable meetings for us, through tears invisible to the world, records inconceivable in the recent past, feelings indescribable in simple words, unverifiable accounts for a long time, dirt impenetrable in the springtime, nouns unbending in Russian , behavior intolerable in our society, etc. |
| 5) With verbs, gerunds, short participles, with numerals, conjunctions, particles, prepositions: | 5) was not, could not, not recognizing, not ordered, not removed, not one, not five, not that ... not that, not only, not above us. |
| 6) * With adverbs and words of the category of state a) comparatively b) in the role of an impersonal predicate predicate | 6) did not move louder, spoke no faster I don't need, she doesn't need |
| 7) in negative pronouns with a preposition with stress | 7) not with anyone, not in anything, not about anyone |
| 7) in negative pronouns with a preposition without stress | 7) with no one, nothing, no one |
12.2 Conjoint spelling of NOT and NOR.
The particle is not written together:
| 1) If the word without NOT is not used. | a) Nouns: fiction, tumbler, ignorance, ignorance, adversity, unseen, invisible, slave, villain, touchy, ailment, forget-me-not, hatred, bad weather, malfunction, fidget, slovenliness, unintentional, loser, infidel; b) adjectives and adverbs derived from them: careless, inconspicuous, irreversible, unharmed, inevitable, unchanging, ridiculous, necessary, invincible, unceasing, inseparable, unspeakable, endless, incessant, undoubted, incomparable, awkward, unhappy, awkward, unbearable, unshakable, undeniable, irrepressible; carelessly, absurdly, necessary, undoubtedly; v) Verbs: dislike, dislike, resent, be ill, uncomfortable, hate, unwell, feel unwell, bewildered, absent, itch; G) adverbs and other unchangeable words: unbearable, unbearable, unbearable, incomprehensible, by chance, overwhelming, impossible, by accident, really, reluctantly; despite, regardless of (prepositions) |
| 2) * is NOT part of the NEDO prefix, which gives verbs the meaning of incompleteness, insufficiency in comparison with any norm. " The same rule works in participles formed from verbs with the prefix NEDO. The NEDO-prefix is often the opposite of the PER- prefix: undersalt - oversalt, underfulfill - overfulfill, underfill - overflow, underfill - transfer. | 2) The child was very lacking in parental care. During the war, children were UNEATED and UNEATED. Rozhdestvensky believed too much in his own strength, considering himself a genius, but UNDERLY appreciated the abilities of his opponent. |
| 3) With nouns, adjectives, adverbs in -o, -e, when a new word, a new concept is formed, often with a negative quality. | 3) misfortune (trouble), not easy (difficult), not easy, ugly, not far (close), nearby |
| 4) * In combination with adjectives and adverbs, words denoting the degree of quality: very, extremely, very, extremely, clearly, quite (quite), enough, blatantly, exclusively, extremely do not affect the continuous or separate spelling, therefore it is NOT written together. For convenience of explanation, we call them y s and l and t eles and degrees. | 4) A very unpleasant incident. A completely uninteresting game was invented. He spoke rather incomprehensibly. |
| 5) With full participles in the absence of dependent words or * when the dependent words are power amplifiers | 5) We walked along the unlit streets of the town. I made a completely ill-considered decision. |
| 6) * In verbal adjectives formed from intransitive verbs or transitive perfective verbs using the suffixes -em-, -im-. These are not participles, since participles with the suffixes -em, -im should only be of an imperfect form, they are the present tense. | 6) unfading, inexhaustible, irreconcilable, irresistible, indomitable, inexhaustible, indestructible. |
| 7) in negative and indefinite pronouns and adverbs, depending on the stress, E or I, but together. | 7) no-no-one, no-no-nothing, no-no-no, no-nothing, nowhere-nowhere, nowhere-nowhere, nothing-nothing, once-never. |
12.3. Particles NOT and NOR differ in meaning:
For the correct choice of particles, NOT and NOR, their semantic differences should be taken into account. Let's reflect them in tables.
The main uses of negative particles
| Particle NOT used | NI particle is used |
|---|---|
| 1) to express negation: There were no letters or telegrams. The brother does not look like a deceiver. Not the moon, not the stars interest me, but only meteorites. | 1) to strengthen the negation expressed by the particle NOT There were no letters or telegrams. The brother does not look like a deceiver or a joker. I'm not interested in the stars or the moon. |
| 2) to express a statement with a shade of obligation (double negation): He could not help but call. We couldn't help but notice. | 2) to express quantitative negation: The sky is clear. Not a dewdrop in my mouth. |
| 3) to express impossibility in impersonal sentences: You can't catch up with the mad three! There will be no war-fire! | 3) for the emotional expression of a prohibition, order, obligation: Not one step back! Not a sound! Not a day without a line! |
| 4) when expressing uncertainty, fear or admiration: Are you not my guest? No matter how frost hits! Why not a hero! | 4) to express uncertainty: He is neither old nor young, neither fat nor thin (compare: He is either old or young). In phraseological units: Neither this nor that, neither fish nor meat. |
| 5) in interrogative-exclamation sentences when expressing an underlined statement: Who did not curse the station keepers, who did not curse them! (A. Pushkin) Isn't it true that we have grown wiser? How not to marry with your condition? (L. Tolstoy) | 5) in subordinate clauses with a generalized amplifying meaning (with union words: whoever .., whatever .., wherever .. etc.). Whatever the child is amused with, as long as it does not cry. Whenever you ask him, he won't go into his pocket for a word. |
Difficult cases of distinguishing between NO and NOT
| 1. In subordinate clauses. Compare: | |
| DOES NOT express negation: When the brother did not come, everyone felt bored. There are no wars where soldiers do not die. | NI expresses a statement with a tinge of generalization: Whenever a brother came, he always brought animation and joy. Wherever soldiers die, they should be remembered and honored. |
| 2. In turnover not one and not one; not once and not once... Compare: | |
| Doesn't express denial: Not one of us (i.e. many) was ready for the ascent. More than once (that is, many times) I had to meet a wild beast. | Neither expresses the intensification of denial: None of us (i.e., none) have been to the ascent. Not once (that is, never) had I met a wild beast. |
| 3. In pronouns. Compare: | |
| Highlights with DO NOT contain the meaning of latent opposition and are used in affirmative sentences (compare: none other, but ..) None other than a woodpecker knocked dully in the forest. Before us was nothing more than an ancient cave. | These phrases are used in negative sentences and serve to strengthen the negation: no one ... not; nothing is not: No one else would lead us on the right path. Nothing other than music fascinated me so much. |
Remember!
Composite amplification turns with particle neither:
no matter what, no matter what, no matter where, no matter where, as if nothing had happened, etc.
Spelling differs not with verbal adjectives in th and with participles on -my; in the presence of explanatory words, the first are written together (as well as abusive adjectives), the second - separately, for example:
a) uninhabited for a long time an island, insoluble crystals in water, indistinguishable figures of people in the dark;
b) reserves not visited by hunters, not readable non-specialist magazines, not loved mother child.
To adjectives in th includes words formed from intransitive verbs (for example: independent, waterproof, fireproof) or from perfective verbs (for example: incorrigible, impracticable, indestructible). These words are subject to the general rules of writing not with adjectives, that is, they are written together and in the presence of explanatory words (see examples above), as well as in a short form (for example: island uninhabited, disease incurable, these countries are economically independent). However, the rule of separate spelling of adjectives with not, if pronouns and adverbs starting with nor, or a combination far from, not at all, not at all(see above, clause 6, note. 1. subparagraph 2), for example: with nothing incomparable impression, independent countries, by no means insoluble crystals; this phenomenon is neither from life nor from art not removable... The exception is words that without not not used, for example: by anyone invincible army, for no one incomprehensible case, under no circumstances unique experiment.
Note.
A distinction should be made between the spelling not with words on th, formed from transitive imperfective verbs: such words can be both passive present participles and adjectives (in the first case, spelling with not separate, in the second - solid). They are participles if, with them, the instrumental case of the character is used as an explanatory word, less often the instrumental instrument (the so-called instrumental); in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives (they lose the meaning of passivity and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Wed: not loved mother child - unloved in childhood games (in the second case, the word unloved indicates a constant sign, means approximately the same as “unpleasant”, “undesirable”); motion, not inhibited by air - invisible from the earth side of the moon.
Adjectives of this type include: invisible, deranged, non-flammable, non-extinguishing, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, invisible, unchangeable, unloved, unthinkable, non-taxable, inalienable, untranslatable, indescribable, unknowable, untestable, unconjugated, intolerant and others. their spelling in the presence of explanatory words: indivisible by three number, unforgettable meetings for us, through invisible to the world of tears, unthinkable records in the recent past, non-transferable in simple words, feelings, unverifiable for a long time accounts, impassable in the springtime, dirt, unwilling in Russian, nouns, intolerable behavior in our society, etc.
| Parts of speech | conditions for separate writing | Examples of | Notes (edit) |
| Nouns. Adjectives. Adverbs in -o. | 1. Opposition 2. Reinforcing particles: not at all .., far from .., by no means .. 3. Pronouns or adverbs with NOR or None as part of a union | The river is not deep, but shallow. The film is not interesting at all. Not interesting to anyone. Not an interesting topic for either you or me. | 1. Do not confuse opposition and juxtaposition. * Shallow but fast river. (Although small, but fast). 2. It is NOT written with short adjectives in the same way as with full ones. * the hillock is not high, the road is not wide, but narrow, the song is not new. |
| Communion | 1. Short form 2. Dependent words 3. Opposition. 4. Reinforcing particles | The suit is not sewn. The answer is not thought out by the student. Not a collapsed building, but a preserved building. Not a book read at all. | Adverbs of measure and degree do not affect spelling. A completely ill-considered answer. BUT! The answer is not thought out by the student at all. |
Conclusion. Words are written together if there are no conditions for separate spelling. For such words, you can choose a synonym without NOT or an adverb of measure and degree. * not true (false), too low (low).
Table No. 2-10
NOT - NOR in pronouns and adverbs
particle discrimination not and nor
| particle location | NOT | NO | |
| Before the predicate | In a simple (= main) sentence | Is always * There was no rain. He couldn't help but know Wherever he turned to! | _______ |
| In the clause | 1) there was no action * When I don't go to him, he worries... (Do I go in? => No => not) 2) with the union "bye" * He wrote until it was completely dark. | the action was * Whenever I go to him, he is always busy(Am I going? => Yes => nor) | |
| With other members of the proposal | if the predicate is affirmative (without not) * To remember not an hour, not a year, I will give you, my friend, a comb. | if the predicate is negative (with not) * There was not a soul on the street. | |
| With homogeneous members in unions. | not only Oh, but also Oh not that Oh, not that O * He is known not only in our country, but also abroad. | no Oh, nor O, nor O No houses or trees are visible in the fog. | |
| With particles | not at all ... not at all ... not at all ... not ... almost ... really ... * Almost all of the acquaintances responded to this request. | ________ | |
| With phraseological units | Out of place ... Out of nowhere ... By all means ... As if nothing had happened ... | ||
| In steady turnover | Not who slime like * His teacher was none other than the artist Surikov | Nothing else is ... * Nothing else attracted his attention. |
Table No. 2-11
Difficult words
General rules for writing compound words
Together are written
1. Compound With fishing of all types * university, chief physician, pomer.
2. Words formed with connecting vowel, which we choose.
If the stem is a solid consonant => O * forest-steppe.
· If on soft, hissing and "c" => E *earthquake
If the 1st part of the verb => AND * daredevil BUT! Tumbleweed.
· 1st part of the numeral in Genus. n. => * five days, fortieth anniversary
!! centipede, one-day, ninety-hour, millennium, quarter-finals.
3. Words formed merger* time reckoning, pastime, annals, seed stalk, crazy, insane, forward looking, nitrogen-containing.
4. Words with a root floor-
Compound nouns
What are the elements of a word?
| Together | Hyphenated |
| in the composition there are truncated bases 1. air, auto, bicycle, hydro, meteo, micro, motorcycle, cinema, radio, stereo, electro, board .. * airbase, stereo system, hydromassage, aerial photography; boat mechanic !! TV and radio journalists. 2. .. meter, .. count, .. city voltmeter, topographer, Volgograd | there are two independent words in the composition 1. common + special name * carriage - restaurant, house - museum. 2. position, rank, profession, party membership. vice - governor, ex - champion, physicist - nuclear scientist, liberal - democrat. 3.technical terms with vacuum, diesel, press, stop-block, alpha, beta, gamma vacuum - pump, diesel - motor, CD, press - center, stop - tap, alpha - radiation, block - system (BUT! checkpoint). 4.units of measure * gram - molecule, kilowatt - hour BUT! workday. 5. cardinal points * south-west, north-east 6. plant names * leek, mother-and-stepmother 7. geographical names * Rostov-on-Don 8. synonyms, antonyms, evaluative words * sadness-longing, buying and selling, miracle tree |
DO NOT confuse!
Compound words and words with foreign language prefixes (anti-, arch-, inter-, counter-, counter-, super-, trans-, ultra-, sub-, extra-.feld-) * subtropics, paramount.
Compare : counterattack - rear - admiral.
Complex adjectives
What is the origin of the word?
DO NOT confuse!
Adjectives and phrases adverb. + Adj., Which are written separately (indicate the degree of the feature, determine the feature by assimilation) * impeccably polite, socially useful (for society), comradely sensitive (like a comrade).
Table No. 2-12
Spelling of adverbs
| hyphen | together | apart |
| 1. in + -th, -ki, -ki, -i * in my opinion, friendly, bearish 2.bo-, b- + -th, -th * firstly, thirdly. !! in Latin, on-mountain. 3. some-; -something -something * somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere 4.repeated adverbs * barely, long ago, out of the blue, little by little, at the very least, willy-nilly, criss-cross, exactly Do not confuse Adverbs and nouns in TV. P. Compare: everything will be our way(how?) walked our way(on what?) | 1. Adverbs that include obsolete forms. * enough, to smithereens, locked up, by surprise, to the ground 2. Adverbs formed from all parts speech, except for nouns from adverbs * tomorrow, for nothing !! at random, with a bang, no. from numerals with B-, HA- * twice, in two. !! twos from short adjectives * tightly, in vain, on the sly from adjectives and pronouns in Vin.p. * outright, with might and main !! openly, back down 3. Adverbs formed from nouns with the meaning of place and time * into the distance, into the depths, at first. Do not confuse Adverbs and nouns that carry dependent words. * looked into the distance - looked into the distance of the sea put on top - put on top of the cabinet read first - read from the beginning of the novel | 1. Adverbs formed from nouns with a preposition, retaining case forms * abroad (abroad), by force (by force); point to point, business by business Tet-a-tet. Adverbs derived from other nouns with prepositions * without restraint, tirelessly, indiscriminately; to the bone, to death, to the drop; on the run, galloping, on the move; match, under the force. Remember! in general - in general alone - alone |
Vowels at the end of adverbs
From-, to-, s- + a* long ago, dry, left= / from window /
B-, na-, za- + o *left, left= / to the window /
Table No. 2-13
Service parts of speech
Particles
Prepositions
Alliances
1 ... Compound unions are written separately.
1. Particles whether (b), same (f), whether (e) are written separately, for example: did would, if would, if b, but the same, but f, here the same f what are you, barely whether, always eh.
2. Particles are written separately after all, here, they say and some others.
§64. Hyphenated Particles
1. Particles are hyphenated -T oh, -or, -which- (coy-), -ka, -de, -s, -tka, -that, For example: who -then, what -or, whose something, something which(as part of indefinite pronouns; for the spelling of these particles with adverbs, see §57, item 3), tell -ka, on the -ka, on the -ka here you are -ka, here you are -ka smile, he -de, Yes -With;on the -tka, on the -tka oh, well -ka, Well -ka oh, well -tco, look -tco.
2. Particle -T O is added with a hyphen to pronouns and adverbs not only to express ambiguity, but also to give them a touch of emotionality, for example: Flies high, but where -then will sit down? Let's see how -then he cares about me(Turgenev).
The word is also spelled with a hyphen somehow before listing homogeneous members of the sentence, for example: Redwood includes conifers like -then: pine, spruce, fir.
3. Particle some- (coy-), torn from the pronoun by a preposition, it is written separately, for example: something at whom, something v how, coy With what.
4. Particle -T like hyphenated:
a) after adverbs, for example: right -so, enough -so, again -so, straight -so, So -so;
b) after particles, for example: all -so, really -so, really -so;
c) after verbs, for example: insisted -so, gone -so.
In other cases still written separately, for example: old man still got it, she still abandoned a large family still we have built a dacha for ourselves. Wed:. ..but still pack your friend(Gogol) ;. ..I am still locked her up this time too(Dostoevsky).
5. If a particle that is written with a hyphen comes after another particle, then the hyphen is omitted, for example: all the same still, we would de they didn’t do it... Wed: Such -then de old man ... and angry and mean(Pushkin); To whom the same sometime I have to say it!(Turgenev). But: Would you buy -With? (Danilevsky); how -With (particle -With is appended with a hyphen also to the preceding particle).
SPELLING NOT AND NOR
§65. Spelling not with nouns
1. Are written together with not nouns without not are not used, for example: not vezhda, not believe not vzgoda.
2. Are written together with not nouns that are combined with not acquire the opposite meaning; usually such words can be replaced with synonyms without not, For example: not truth(cf .: Lying), not Buddy(cf .: enemy), not happiness(cf .: trouble).
3. Are written together with not nouns denoting persons and expressing a qualitative shade; in combination with not words with the meaning of opposition are formed. For instance: not democrat, not Russian, not specialist. Wed: Metaphors are widely used by writers and not writers(M. Isakovsky); It's about the reader – not linguist, not etymologist(Lev Uspensky); Arise, tortured children, seek among people not people(Evgeny Yevtushenko).
4. Written separately from not nouns, if there is or implied opposition, for example: This not caution, and cowardice; No it is not confidence self-righteous human; Middle Ages not many added to this list metals (an adjective that has passed into the category of nouns).
5. Written separately not with a noun in an interrogative sentence if the negation is logically emphasized, for example: Is it not the truth is felt in his words?
§66. Spelling not with adjectives
1. Are written together with not adjectives without not are not used, for example: not brezhny, not mature, not affectionate.
2. Are written together with not adjectives that are combined with not acquire the opposite meaning; usually such words can be replaced with synonyms without not. For instance: not big(cf .: little), not married(cf .: idle), not real(cf .: false, feigned).
3. Written separately from not adjectives, if there is or implied opposition, for example: problem not simple but complex; relationship not hostile, light not harsh, milk not sour, meat not fresh, look not kind, assignment not urgent; not many attendees supported the speaker(thought:. ..and some ).
4. Usually, not is written separately with relative adjectives, giving negation to the sign they express, for example: clock not golden, honey not linden, the sky is here not southern. Of the quality adjectives, this includes adjectives that denote color and which, in combination with not do not form words with the opposite meaning, for example: dye not blue, binding not yellow, tint not grey.
In this case, the syntactic function of the adjective is taken into account: the rule usually applies to adjectives in the role of a predicate, since the alleged opposition gives the statement the character of a generally negative judgment expressed by a particle not, but may not apply to adjectives as definitions. Wed: these people not local - shine alien beauty; paper not white – non-white citizens(colored); logics not female - the girl reasoned with non-feminine logic; form not round - account for not round the amount of 119 rubles(figurative meaning of the word).
5. Distinguishes the opposition expressed by the union a, and opposition expressed by the union but. In the first, one of the two opposite signs is denied, and the other is affirmed, for example: river not deep, but small; with the second, there are no concepts opposite to each other, they are completely compatible, i.e. two attributes are simultaneously attributed to an object without negating one of them, for example: river shallow, but cold. In the first case not is written separately, in the second - together.
6. The presence of explanatory words, as a rule, does not affect the continuous spelling not with adjectives (compare: spelling not with participles, §70, item 2), for example: not an author familiar to us, not facts known to science, not an appropriate remark in the given conditions, n an error that is not noticeable at first glance, not words understandable to the student, not details necessary for the case, not conclusions that are correct in many respects; happening, not similar to others; behavior, not worthy of a decent person; area, not suitable for construction; Lake, not visible behind the forest(everywhere a negative sign is affirmed, and not a positive one is denied).
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Note 1. Separate spelling not with an adjective that has explanatory words with it, it occurs: 1) with adjectives that have different meanings in full and short forms (see p. 8 below), for example: not ready-to-go actor, not a child prone to colds; 2) if there are negative pronouns and adverbs (starting with nor ) or combinations far from, not at all, not at all, For example: anybody not known address, nor in what not guilty people not at all not understandable expression, not at all not harmful drink long away not a simple solution, at all not fruitless searches, by no means not new plot; Wed: unknown my ways– nobody led ways; but.: There is nothing in life impossible; What my neighbor is accused of is nothing illegal (negative pronoun nothing is depends on adjectives, and is explained by them); 3) sometimes, when stating an adjective with dependent words after the noun being defined, for example: enterprises not under the jurisdiction of the trust (in conditions of isolation, the structure with the adjective approaches the participle in meaning); Wed: chess player played uncharacteristic his style–features, not peculiar our youth. Note 2. If the adverb of measure and degree acts as an explanatory word ( very, extremely, very, almost, adverbial expression supremely etc.), then not with an adjective is written together, for example: very ugly deed, extremely irrelevant lunge, very unfortunate performance, almost unfamiliar text, supremely illegible handwriting. Note 3. If there is an adverb as an explanatory word at all both continuous and separate spelling is possible not with adjectives, which is associated with two meanings in which the specified adverb is used: 1) "Absolutely, very" ; 2) "By no means", "by no means" ; Wed: at all unnecessary meeting(completely unnecessary, unnecessary) - at all not accidental meeting(by no means accidental, there is no logical emphasis). In some cases, both interpretations are possible and, as a result, both spellings, for example: at all small achievements(small, modest) - at all not big achievements(by no means big). In these cases, to resolve the issue of writing not a broader context is needed (see also note to item 4). Continuous writing is typical for informative texts, separate - for polemical ones. The adverb also admits a double interpretation: 1) "Not at all" ; 2) "Absolutely, completely" - in a conversational style of speech; Wed: Against revival, he spoke incoherently, confused, led at all not convincing arguments. – The authors of these works are less popular or even unknown scientists. As with at all, the final decision depends on the nature of the text. |
7. With short adjectives negation not is written basically in the same way as with full ones: together in the absence of opposition and separately if there is one, for example: room low - room not high, incomprehensible question - question incomprehensible,invalid deal – invalid a transaction in violation of the law; novel not interesting rather boring; bay shallow but comfortable for sailing on a powerboat.
Wed spelling in the presence of various explanatory words: Searches for materials on a selected topic for him uncomplicated; Too much not sure there were people in the future; He is completely do not know with the latest advances in zootechnics. - No control here already not possible; They are in nothing not alike Each other. Wed also: This river is always restless. –This river will never not calm.
8. Written separately from not short adjectives that are not used in full or have a different meaning in full, for example: not ready to departure, should not to do so do not intend be silent is not obliged to to help, not happy meeting, not inclined believe, not located to the conversation.
Separate spelling in pairs is more common: not needed – unnecessary, wrong – wrong, disagree – disagree, unable – not able to (usually in these cases, the denial of a positive sign is felt more than the affirmation of a negative one).
9. Double spelling is also found in combinations not with comparative adjectives, for example: This screensaver uglier toy(more ugly). - This screensaver not prettier toy(does not have more beauty); That night the patient's dream was more restless than in the past(was even more restless). - That night the patient's dream was not calmer than in the past(was no more calm).
It is written separately: not lower, not higher, not better, not worse, not closer, not poorer etc. (private form of writing not with the comparative degree of adjectives).
Written separately not with forms more ,less, better, worse, For example: With not less success, with not the best chances.
10. Spelling differs not with verbal adjectives in -m th and with participles on -my; in the presence of explanatory words, the first are written together (as well as abusive adjectives), the second - separately, for example:
a) uninhabited for a long time an island, insoluble crystals in water, indistinguishable figures of people in the dark;
b) not visited hunters reserves, not readable non-specialist magazines, not loved mother child.
To adjectives in -m th includes words formed from intransitive verbs (for example: independent, waterproof, fireproof ) or from perfective verbs (for example: incorrigible, impracticable, indestructible ). These words are subject to the general rules of writing not with adjectives, i.e. they are written together and in the presence of explanatory words (see examples above), as well as in a short form (for example: Island uninhabited, disease incurable, these countries are economically independent). However, the rule of separate spelling of adjectives with not, if pronouns and adverbs starting with nor, or combination (see above, clause 6, note. 1. subparagraph 2), for example: with nothing incomparable impression from no one not dependent countries, by no means insoluble crystals; this phenomenon is neither from life nor from art not removable. The exception is words that without not are not used, for example: nobody invincible army, for no one incomprehensible case, under no circumstances unique experiment.
| Note. A distinction should be made between the spelling not with words on -m th , formed from transitive imperfective verbs: such words can be both passive present participles and adjectives (in the first case, spelling with not separate, in the second - solid). They are participles if, with them, the instrumental case of the character is used as an explanatory word, less often the instrumental instrument (the so-called instrumental); in the presence of other explanatory words, they become adjectives (they lose the meaning of passivity and the meaning of time and acquire a qualitative meaning). Wed: not loved mother child– unloved childhood games(in the second case, the word unloved indicates a constant sign, means approximately the same as "Unpleasant", "undesirable");motion, not inhibited by air – invisible from the earth side of the moon. |
Adjectives of this type include: invisible, irresponsible, non-flammable, indestructible, immovable, indivisible, unforgettable, invisible, unchangeable, unloved, inconceivable, non-taxable, inalienable, untranslatable, indescribable, unknowable, untestable, unbound, intolerant and others. Cf. their spelling in the presence of explanatory words: indivisible by three number, unforgettable meetings for us, through invisible to the world of tears, unthinkable records in the recent past, non-transferable in simple words, feelings, unverifiable for a long time accounts, impassable in the springtime, dirt, unwilling in Russian, nouns, intolerable in our society behavior etc.
11. Written separately not with an adjective in an interrogative sentence if the negation is logically emphasized, for example: Dont clear is this thesis without any evidence? To whom not known the names of our astronauts?
§67. Spelling not with numeral names
With names numerals negation not written separately, for example: not two, not three, fifth and not fifth grade, here is not Prime Meridian.
§68. Spelling not with pronouns
With pronouns (except for negative ones used without a preposition, see §47) negation not written separately, For example: not me and not you not myself, not everyone, lives in not our home.
§69. Spelling not with verbs
1. Negation not with verbs (in personal form, in the infinitive, in the form of a participle) is written separately, for example: not take, not was, not knowing not hurrying.
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Note 1. Are written together with not verbs that are without not are not used, for example: not one year old, not see not harass, not to understand, not flavor, not see the light not to fall in love with a stepdaughter; something today not greets(the verb greet you is obsolete and colloquial and is rarely used: How are you doing? Not good greets); but according to the general rule: will not be good. Note 2. Verb to grab in any meaning is written separately from not, For example: 1) The puppy has grown and more lacks the owner for the trousers; 2) In the book lacks multiple pages. Separate spelling differs do not reach in meaning "Out of reach" and continuous spelling to miss in meaning "To be in insufficient quantity", "to be needed", For example: 1) lacks hand to the window; 2) at the register lacking two rubles; lacking patience; only this lacked. Note 3. Particle not in complex prepositions in spite of and regardless of, as well as unions despite the fact that, despite the fact that is written together. It is necessary to distinguish the verbal participle looking combined with a particle not, which is written separately, for example: Answer the question not looking into the tutorial. |
2. Conjointly written verbs with a compound prefix under -, giving the verb the meaning of incompleteness, insufficient action (this prefix in meaning is often the opposite of the prefix re-; Wed: under to execute – per to execute, under salt – per salt). For instance: under take notebooks, under boil potatoes, under return the nut, under weigh oils, under load the wagon, under assess your capabilities, under receive a part of the goods, under eat, under pour under watch, under hear, under take into account. The same goes for derivatives, for example: under Sol, under look, under weight.
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Note. It is necessary to distinguish between verbs with the prefix under - , denoting that the action was performed below the norm, and consonant verbs with the prefix before-, preceded by negation not and which, in combination with a particle, indicate that the action has not been completed. Wed: overlook for the child(allow oversight in supervision) - do not watch performance to the end(do not finish watching); unemployed constantly malnourished – children often didn't finish your soup at dinner; always underpaid –never did not pay extra. Wed also separate spelling based on the general rule: do not run to the finish line, do not bring to end, do not finish letters, something do not finish, to nothing did not argue; Citing these facts, the newspaper did not finish. |
§70. Spelling not with participles
1. Written together not with full participles, in which there are no explanatory words, for example: not proofread manuscript, not noticed typos, not verified quotes, not stopping pain.
2. Written separately not with participles that have explanatory words with them, for example: not the manuscript returned to the author, not typos noticed by the proofreader, not galley proofs delivered on time, not versions of individual chapters of the novel published during the writer's lifetime.
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Note 1. This rule also applies to those cases when a participle with explanatory words forms part of a compound predicate, for example: Many of the writer's letters remained unpublished during his lifetime; Mediocrity will leave the scene unnoticed in art. Wed in another syntax: It's hard to imagine him not participating active in public life. The participles used in the role of nouns also obey this, for example: Among absent Petrov and Sergeev were at the meeting. But when substantivating a participle (switching to the category of nouns), a continuous spelling is used, for example: number underperforming In Russian. Note 2. If there are adverbs of measure and degree as explanatory words not with participles is written together (cf. §66, item 6, note 2), for example: utterly unread manuscript, at all unverified numbers. But if, in addition to such adverbs, there are other explanatory words in the participle, then preference is given to a more general rule and not written separately, for example: utterly not prepared to the set manuscript, absolutely unsolved still a problem. Note 3. If the participle is used in the sense of an adjective, then in the presence of explanatory words not spelled together (cf. §66, item 6), for example: It's a general animation, shine, noise – all this, hitherto unprecedented and unheard of me, so amazed me that in the first days I was completely confused(Dostoevsky). Wed: unsuitable conditions for southern crops(i.e. unsuitable, in the sense of an adjective) - writing, not suitable under the rule(participial); on independent from the editor to the circumstances(phraseological turnover with an adjective) - reflexes, independent from the will of man(participial); over the centuries untouched land(in the sense of an adjective; compare: untouched food, untouched nature- in a figurative meaning) - Rowan, untouched autumn frosts(participial). The same distinction is made for short forms, cf .: the lies of politicians are so shameless, sometimes so undisguised (those. obvious, obvious, in the meaning of an adjective) - Door not covered (participle, see below, item 1); student unprepared (adjective) - report not prepared (participle). |
3. Written separately not with short participles, for example: manuscript not edited, quotes not verified, Work not executed .
4. Written separately not with participles in which there is or is supposed to be an opposition, for example: not finished ,but just the story started.
§71. Spelling not with adverbs
1. Written together not with adverbs that without not are not used, for example: not avoided, not lepo, not implicitly.
2. Are written together with not adverbs on O, which in combination with not acquire the opposite meaning; usually such words can be replaced with synonyms without not (cf. §65 para. 2 and §66 para. 2), for example: not bad (cf .: Okay), Little (cf .: few), unsuccessfully (cf .: unsuccessfully).
3. Written separately from not adverbs on O, if there is or implied opposition, for example: live not rich O rather poor; usually went not fast O and not slow O; not frequent O a similar situation arises; not fast O the river will still open; not occasional O he started this conversation; not forever O nature will keep its secrets from man; not sweet O the settlers lived at first. Wed: On the globe not many O places where this stone is found; When the greyhound got to the throat, the beast not many O remained to live; Honestly speaking, not many O there are people who do not have an unpleasant feeling at the sight of spiders.
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Note 1. In some cases, double interpretation is possible and, as a result, double spelling; Wed: near (claimed to be close) - to the nearest bus stop from here not far (it is denied that it is far away); editor left for a little while (for a short time) - editor left not for long (not for a long time). A broader context is needed to address the issue. Note 2. In writing not with adverbs in -O , as in the spelling of adjectives (see §66, clause 5), the opposition expressed by the union is different a, and opposition expressed by the union but. In the first case, two concepts are opposed, of which one is denied, and the other, opposite to it, is affirmed, for example: work is done not bad, Oh good; in the second case, both attributes are simultaneously attributed to the action without negating one of them, for example: work is done not bad, but late. In the first case, it is not written separately, in the second - together. |
4. Written separately from not adverbs on -O , if they have a negative adverb starting with nor, or combination far from, not at all, not at all (cf. §66 para. 6, note 1, subpara. 2), for example: the speaker spoke not at all not convincing, manuscript edited by no means not bad. But: no way impossible (in no way plays the role of an amplifying word; compare: absolutely impossible ).
5. Written together or separately with not so-called predicative adverbs on -O (status category words) type not difficult see – not difficult see: when affirmed, they are written together, when negated, they are written separately. For instance:
a) never mind ,what he thinks of us; wrong to consider the current situation so difficult; impossible to complete such a difficult job in a short time; unprofitable leave immediately; unknown how he will behave further; no wonder that she gave up an uninteresting job; impermissible treat elders this way; it is not clear why they have been absent for so long; unpleasant walking in wet weather; inexcusably deceive someone else's trust; today at sea restlessly; not surprising that constant exercise had improved his health; not good leave friends in trouble;
b) - And it's all? – Not rich; not fun to think that the holiday is already over; can not see so that the patient gets better; shouldn't persist in an erroneous opinion; not logical believe that events will repeat itself; not necessary to be answered immediately; not dangerous that there was a short break in treatment; not so easy carry out a complete reconstruction of a large enterprise; not modest overestimate your merits; not sweet live alone; not by chance that he turned to you for help; not weird that the victory went to the strongest; not essential for us, where to spend your vacation; not bad would take a trip south.
6. Written together not:
a) in negative adverbs, for example: not where, not where, not where, not why;
b) in abbreviated adverbs, for example: not in the distance, not at home, not get started not I can, not to be able, not in the wrong, not patiently, not for nothing(in meaning "not intentionally"; but: not for nothing- in meaning "Not for free"), not by the way, not casual; not although(verbal origin);
c) in combinations heaven knows who (what, what, where, where etc.).
7. Written separately not:
a) with pronouns and amplifying adverbs, for example: not here, not So, not quite, not fully, not at all;
b) with predicative adverbs that are not correlated with adjectives, for example: not necessary, not time, not it's a pity(but: lack of time, reluctance and etc.);
c) with a comparative degree of adverbs, for example: working not worse than others;
d) with adverbial adverbs, for example: not today, not otherwise and etc.;
e) with adverbs that are hyphenated, for example: not to my mind, not comradely;
f) in combinations of nominative origin, for example: not in offset, not in moderation not as an example, not good, not to haste, not taste, not under the force not on my gut not from the hand.
Negation not written separately from the following prepositions, conjunctions, particles, for example: not v field; not with friends; not that... not that; Not only ... In prepositional combinations despite, despite (see §69, item 1, note 3) not is written together.
§72. Spelling neither
1. Particle nor (unstressed) is part of negative pronouns nobody, nothing, no etc. (see §47) and negative adverbs nowhere, nowhere, never and etc.
Pronouns and Adverbs with Particle Prefix nor are used in sentences with a negative predicate (with a predicate there is a negation not ), and pronouns and adverbs with a prefix particle are not used in impersonal (infinitive) sentences with an affirmative predicate. Wed: to no one did not apply– no one apply, for nothing did not go there– no need go there; nowhere did not walk - nowhere take a walk. Derogations are found in separate expressions: stay with nothing, stay with nothing, count for nothing and others. Cf. also: there is nothing to argue (in meaning "Not for what", "there is no need") – medicine already useless (in meaning "no need", in the role of predicate).
A negative predicate may be absent in a sentence, but implied, for example: In the sky no month, no stars; No human housing, not alive souls in the distance(Chekhov).
2. Particle nor written separately, with the exception of negative pronouns (no preposition) and negative adverbs. Wed: nobody - from no one - out of nowhere.
3. Repeating particle nor has the meaning of the connecting union, for example: Down this road nor drive through nor pass the; No day, nor there was no news from him for a month; No quiet, nor the story flows loudly. In these combinations nor by value is equal to the combination and not, those. acts in the function of negation. Wed among the writers of the 19th century: Crow nor fried, nor boil(Krylov); He himself nor rich, nor noble nor clever(Turgenev); Elisha was an old man nor rich, nor poor(L. Tolstoy).
4. Single or repetitive nor is part of stable revolutions, for example: by all means, as if nothing had happened, out of nowhere, neither fish nor meat, neither alive nor dead, neither two nor one and a half, neither this nor this, neither give nor take, neither more nor less, nor more nothing less.
5. In independent exclamation and interrogative sentences (often with words only, already ) a negative particle is written not, and in subordinate clauses (with a concessive connotation) to strengthen the affirmative sense - the particle neither. Wed: Wherever he is not appealed!(general meaning: "Went to many places"). – Wherever he is nor addressed, met with indifferent attitude everywhere; What a mother not did for a sick son!–What is mother nor did for a sick son, as nor tried to help him, but could not save him. Wed also: What tricks only not a small person starts up, so as not to be lost, to get a handful of happiness, what kind of professions are not comes up with, but there is still no luck(with the help of the union a independent sentences are connected, in the first part there is no subordinate clause with a concessive connotation, therefore it is written not ). What is only not give, but he is not in any(a similar case).
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Note 1. It should be distinguished in the subordinate clauses of the combination whoever, whatever, wherever nor, adjacent to a relative word, and combinations whoever, whatever, wherever etc., which contain a particle not, related to the predicate. Wed He helped everyone with advice, whoever to him nor addressed. – There is probably no one in our area, whoever to him not sought advice; Wherever you nor were, remember your responsibilities. – There are few families in Belarus wherever there were victims of the Great Patriotic War. Note 2. In exclamation sentences with an affirmative meaning, the use of a particle is possible nor combined with the meaning "It doesn't matter who (what, what, etc.)", For example: – Who told you that? – And who would nor said! |
2. Non-adjectives are written together with a particle, which, in combination with this particle, acquire the opposite meaning (usually such a word can be replaced with a synonym without not): not big (compare small), not married (compare single), not real (cf. false, feigned).
Note. It is not always possible to find such a synonym, but the affirmative connotation of the meaning contained in the adjective serves as the basis for the continuous spelling: sitting on a stone in the chapel(J.); Gerwig had some non-male effeminacy (Hertz.); His youthful pranks ... were determined childish thoughtfulness (Leon.); This is one of those millions " non-white citizens ”of South Africa, who angrily condemned slavery.
3. Non-adjectives are written separately from the particle, if there is or is implied opposition: the problem is not simple but complex; relationship not hostile; light not sharp; milk is not sour; the meat is not fresh; the look is not kind; the task is not urgent; Not many (implied: but individual) those present supported the speaker.
There is a difference between the opposition expressed by the union a, and the opposition expressed by the union no.
When using the union a, one of the two opposite signs is denied, and the other is affirmed: the river is not deep, but shallow - the separate spelling of a negative particle.
When using the union, the concepts to be connected are not opposed to each other, since they are completely compatible, that is, two attributes are simultaneously attributed to the object without denying one of them: the river is shallow, but cold - a continuous spelling of a negative particle.
4. As a rule, the particle is not written separately from relative adjectives, expressing the negation of the sign they denote: the watch is not gold; honey not lime; the sky is here not southern.
5. The particle is not written separately and with qualitative adjectives that denote color and, in combination with non-words with the opposite meaning, do not form: the paint is not blue; binding is not yellow; the shade is not gray.
This takes into account the syntactic function of the adjective. The rule usually applies to adjectives that act as predicates, since the alleged opposition gives the statement the character of a general negative judgment expressed by the particle not, but may not apply to adjectives that perform the function of definition. Wed: these people are not from here - to shine from outside beauty; logics not female - the girl reasoned with non-feminine logic; shape is not round - counting on non-round the amount of 119 rubles(figurative meaning of the word).
Note. In some cases, a double interpretation of the text is possible and, as a result, a double spelling:
this task is not difficult("lightness" is approved)
this task is not difficult(denied "difficulty")
we have an unusual phenomenon (i.e. rare)
before us is not a common occurrence(the opposition is conceived: the phenomenon is not ordinary, but exceptional).
6. The presence of explanatory words, as a rule, does not affect the continuous spelling of a particle not with adjectives (cf. spelling not with participles): an unknown author; facts unknown to science; inappropriate in these conditions comment; inconspicuous at first sight error; words incomprehensible to the student; details unnecessary for the case; wrong IN many respects conclusions; a case unlike the others; conduct unworthy a decent person; site unsuitable for construction; a lake, invisible behind the forest (everywhere a negative sign is affirmed, and not a positive one is denied).
If the adverb of measure and degree acts as an explanatory word ( very, very, very, almost or adverbial expression supremely etc.), then the particle is not always written together with the adjective: a very ugly act; extremely inappropriate lunge; very unsuccessful performance; almost unfamiliar text; supremely illegible handwriting.
7. When an adverb is used as an explanatory word, it is quite possible to write a particle together or separately, not with adjectives, which is associated with different meanings in which the word is used at all. Wed: completely unnecessary meeting (‘completely unnecessary, unnecessary’) - not at all an accidental meeting (‘by no means accidental’). In some cases, two interpretations are possible and, as a consequence, two spellings are acceptable: very small achievements (‘small, modest’) - not at all great achievements (‘not great at all’).
The adverb also admits a double interpretation; Wed: The arguments were not at all convincing (‘not at all’). - The authors of these works are less popular or completely unknown authors (‘completely, completely’ - in the colloquial style of speech).
8. A separate spelling of a particle not with an adjective that has explanatory words with it occurs:
1) with adjectives that have different meanings in full and short forms: an actor who is not ready to go out; not inclined a child for a cold;
2) if available as explanatory words far, at all, by no means or negative pronouns and adverbs (starting with nor): far from simple solution; not at all sterile search; by no means a new plot; unknown address; innocent people; not at all understandable expression; not at all a harmful drink; paths unknown to anyone (cf. paths unknown to me). But: There is nothing in life impossible; What my neighbor is accused of is nothing illegal - a negative pronoun does not depend on the adjective, but explains itself to it;
3) when setting an adjective with dependent words after the noun being defined (sometimes): non-trust enterprises(when isolated, the structure with the adjective approaches in meaning to the participle turnover); Wed: The chess player played in uncharacteristic his style. - These are the features, not typical of our youth.
9.With short forms of adjectives, the particle is not written in the same way as with full:
1) together in the absence of opposition: the room is not high; question incomprehensible; invalida transaction in violation of the law; The bay shallow, but comfortable for sailing on a motor boat;
2) separately in the presence of opposition: the novel is not interesting, but boring.
Wed spelling not with a short form of an adjective in the presence of various explanatory words: Searches for material on a selected topic easy for him; Too insecure there were people in the future; He completely unfamiliar with the latest advances in zootechnics; This river always restless; No control here is no longer possible; They are nothing alike Each other; This river never calm.
10. Depending on the meaning, a particle not with short forms of adjectives can be written either together or separately; Wed: our family is not rich (‘poor’) - our family is not rich (‘average income’); this girl is ugly (a negative sign is approved) - this girl is not beautiful (a positive sign is denied); the address is unknown ("notoriety" is denied); Not a big problem - rain. - Not great, it would seem that this distance is for stayers.
Remember: continuous spelling is less common: unnecessary, wrong, disagree, incapable.
11. Not short forms of adjectives that are not used in full form or have a different meaning in full form are written separately with a particle: not ready to leave; shouldn't do that; does not intend to be silent; is not obliged to help; not happy to meet you; not inclined to believe; not inclined to talk, etc.
12. Double spelling is also found in combinations of the particle not with the form of the comparative degree of adjectives; Wed:
This screensaver is uglier than that (‘uglier’)
This screensaver is not prettier than the one. (‘Not more beautiful’).
That night the patient's dream was more restless than in the past (‘was even more restless’).
That night the patient's dream was not calmer than in the past (‘was not calmer’).
Particle not with shapes bigger, smaller, better, worst written separately: with no less success; with not the best chances.
Remember: not lower, not higher, not better, not worse, not closer, not poorer etc.
13. The spelling of the particle is not the same with verbal adjectives and participles in the th.
Adjectives ending in -my are usually formed from intransitive verbs ( independent, waterproof, fireproof etc.) or from perfective verbs ( incorrigible, impracticable, indestructible etc.). These words (including short forms) are subject to the general rules for writing not with adjectives, that is, they are written together and in the presence of explanatory words: an uninhabited island for a long time; water-insoluble crystals; figures of people indistinguishable in the dark, as well as: the island is uninhabited; the disease is incurable; these countries are economically independent.
However, the rule of the separate spelling of a particle not with adjectives remains in force if constructions with negation of neither act as explanatory words, in particular, pronouns and adverbs starting with nor, or words far away, at all or by no means: incomparable impression; not dependent on anyone country; not at all solublecrystals; this phenomenon it is not removable neither from life nor from art.
The exception is words that are not used without: invinciblearmy; for nobody incomprehensible happening; no way a unique experiment.
14. It should be remembered that words in -my, formed from transitive imperfective verbs, can be both present tense passive participles (the particle is not written separately with them), and adjectives (the particle is not written together with them).
They are participles if, with them, an instrumental character is used as an explanatory word, less often an instrumental instrument: not beloved by the mother child; motion, not braked by air.
In the presence of other explanatory words, we are dealing with adjectives on the th (they lose the meaning of passivity and acquire a qualitative meaning): unloved games in childhood (the word unloved indicates a constant sign and means about the same as unpleasant, unwanted); reserves not visited by hunters; not readable non-specialists magazines; side of the Moon invisible from the Earth; indivisible by three; unforgettable meetings for us; non-transferable in simple words, feelings; impassable in the springtime, dirt; intolerable behavior in society.
Adjectives of this type include:
invisible
irresponsible
non-flammable
unquenchable
real
indivisible
unforgettable
invisible
immutable
unsociable
unthinkable
non-taxable
inalienable
untranslatable
untransferable
unknowable
unverifiable
indeclinable
unconjugated
intolerant, etc.
15. The particle is written separately not with adjectives in an interrogative sentence, if the negation is logically emphasized: Not clear is this thesis without any evidence ?; To whom not known the names of our astronauts?
But if the negation is not emphasized, then the particle is not written with adjectives together: Is this position dont clear ?; Is this a statement wrong? (replacement is possible: Is this statement wrong?).
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