The system of studying adjectives involves a gradual complication and expansion of the material, both from vocabulary and grammar. The methodology for studying adjectives is determined, first of all, by their linguistic features.
Work on the topic “Adjective” is a purposeful process that involves a strictly defined sequence of studying grammatical features and the generalized lexical meaning of a given part of speech.
Practical mastery of the Russian language is impossible without mastering lexical and grammatical categories and forms of adjectives.
The assimilation by Dagestani students of the name of the adjective and its grammatical features and categories, the development of the ability to isolate adjectives in the text is associated with a number of difficulties. They are determined not only by the presence of certain differences between the systems of adjectives in Russian and the students’ native languages, but also by the peculiarities of the declension of words of a given part of speech, since there is a complex system for coordinating and checking unstressed endings.
Particular attention should be paid to identifying the uniqueness of the declension of adjectives, given that in the students’ native language this part of speech does not change when associated with nouns by case.
Dagestani students often do not change adjectives used together with nouns, and thus make mistakes in oral and written speech (to a neighboring village, in a summer garden, about a brave soldier). They do not always distinguish between hard and soft stems, inflections of words such as “blue - strong”, “late - idle”, they perceive them by ear in the same way.
Children find it difficult to differentiate the category of gender, which is distinguished by its immutability in nouns and the ability (depending on the word being defined) to change in adjectives. As a result, in the minds of students, the distinctive features of the gender category of two unequal parts of speech are identified, which gives rise to linguistic speech confusion. That is why, when teaching adjectives, the most serious attention should be paid to the features of their agreement with nouns.
At the same time, it is necessary that students not only become interested in adjectives, but also deeply understand that, functioning in a sentence or phrase with nouns as core words and being semantically dependent on them, adjectives are related to the words they define and grammatically.
In the first grade, students observe the lexical meaning of adjectives and learn to ask what questions about these words? which? which? which?; in grade II, changes in adjectives by gender and number are studied depending on nouns, in grade III - the declension of adjectives and the spelling of case endings. At the same time, during Russian language and reading lessons, new adjectives are introduced into children’s speech, and the meaning of previously known ones is clarified. The ability to correctly use them in coherent speech is developed.
To work more effectively when teaching adjectives and their categories, you can suggest completing the following tasks and exercises.
1. Read and determine what objects are we talking about? What do all these words have in common? What do they mean?
Coniferous dark light
Spreading starry grays
Pine gloomy lead
Dense creepy heap
Write down the words and write nouns next to them.
2. Read the text. Find words in it that denote the characteristics of objects. Signs of what objects do they represent? What gender are these nouns? In what number form are they used?
Today the last snowdrift melted in the yard. The earth became warmer, blue crocuses and yellow buttercups began to bloom. Flocks of cranes are returning from distant lands. The dense forest dresses in green attire. The long-awaited spring is coming. Spring thunderstorms will rustle.
3. Read. Watch the adjectives change. What will you write instead of dots? Write it off. Highlight the endings of adjectives.
Sweet blue marker...
Blue paint is sweet...
Blue water is sweet...
Blue umbrella sweet...
4. Select and write down as many adjectives as possible that name objects by size, color, shape, smell, taste.
Sample entry: Mandarin - large, small, huge, round, oblong, orange, fragrant, sweet, sour.
Cherry, rose, chocolate, raspberry.
5. Read. Make up and write combinations of words adjective + noun.
Newbie mood
Festive actress
Famous balls
Neat suit
Indicate the gender and number of nouns and adjectives. Why do you think the question is posed from noun to adjective, and not vice versa?
6. Complete combinations of words: instead of dots, write adjectives. Indicate the gender and number of nouns and adjectives. What conclusion can you draw?
Oak (what?) ...
Sky (what?) ...
Stepladder (what kind?) ...
Nightingales (which ones?) ...
Bench (what?) ...
Kitchens (what?) ...
Spellings (what?) ...
Bucket (what kind?) ...
Find and underline unstressed vowels that are not checked by stress.
7. What nouns will you write instead of dots? Write down combinations of words, indicate the gender and number of nouns and adjectives.
... (what?) cheerful
... (what?) raspberry
... (what?) famous
... (which ones?) round
Find and mark familiar spellings in adjectives.
8. Make up combinations of noun words. + adj., changing endings. Indicate the gender and number of nouns and adjectives.
Sweet currant
The neighbors are friendly
Friendship is strong
Human. Young
Sunday is a day off
Fine creativity
Indicate spelling patterns in words.
9. Read the text. Write it down. Label the spellings. Write down combinations of noun words. + adj. or adj. + noun Show graphically from which word the question is posed.
I see the golden domes of churches, the blue roofs of buildings. And in the distance you can see curly, lead-colored clouds. The sky is blue and transparent protruding low overhead.
10. Underline the spelling patterns in the words. Compose and write sentences with these word combinations (the endings can be changed).
Starry night, gentle frost, bumpy path, steel twine, written language, old garden.
11. Write it down. Insert appropriate adjectives. How to determine in what gender and number adjectives should be used?
Swept up, dusted with (what?) blizzard.
The songbirds whistled and purred (what?) sounds (what?). The (what?) inhabitants hid in (what?) hollows, in (what?) hollows, buried themselves in (what?) caves.
12. Read the text. Which part of speech words are missing? Guess which adjectives need to be inserted. Write down the text. What changed? What role do adjectives play in our speech?
Once upon a time there was a cat, ...whiskers, ...tummy, ...ears - almost like in the picture. The cat’s mouth... seems to be smiling. And he likes to eat sour cream! Our… cat plays and then sleeps until… evening.
Adjectives: long, soft, wonderful, affectionate, beloved, late.
13. Read the text. Find adjectives. Write them down along with the nouns they refer to. Show graphically from which word and to which the question is posed.
Forests and meadows covered in white snow sleep, the old ancient forest sleeps. Gentle stars are shining in the sky. Green beautiful spring will come soon. She will decorate trees and flowers in bright fragrant colors. Migratory birds will arrive from the south. A warm and gentle breeze will blow.
14. Highlight the endings of adjectives. How will you proceed?
Football field
Referee
Football goal
Football fan
Football equipment
Football shoes
gloomy morning
gloomy man
Dark thoughts
gloomy mood
Gloomy friends
gloomy sky
Gloomy forest
A gloomy picture
15. Write it down. Highlight the endings. How many letters can they consist of?
Summer long nights
Summer warm thunderstorms
Summer quiet rain
Summer songbirds
Calm summer evenings
Snowy long winter
Snowy cold blizzards
Snow ice ball
Snowy winter woman
On snowy long nights
16. Read. Put emphasis on words. Which endings are stressed? And which ones are without accent? How do you think. Is it possible to make mistakes in writing the endings of adjectives? In which case?
Eye spring huge
Steam room colorful underwater
Colored dark friendly
17. Read. Find adjectives. Write down a couple of words adj. + noun Indicate the spelling of the endings of adjectives.
A long time ago, in the language of the ancient Slavs, a table was a place covered with a carpet or a piece of cloth. This noun is formed from the verb stlat (to lay).
Then the word table began to be used to refer to the throne of the prince. From it the word throne was formed (the place where the prince sits on the throne). And the city where the prince’s table was located began to be called the “capital city.” Russian epics mention the “capital Kyiv-grad” (that is, the city).
From the word table the noun capital was formed.
18. Select and write down antonyms for these adjectives. Add the unstressed endings of the adjectives and indicate the spelling. Do not forget. What question? correspond to the endings ‑ой, -й, -й in the masculine gender.
With a new friend - with ... friend
Behind the big___ trees – behind… trees
On a high ___ fence – on… a fence
Fresh__ cucumber - ... cucumber
Fresh___ bread - ... bread
Because of a light ___ rain - because of ... rain
Through the small ___ stream - through ... stream
19. Write down the proverbs. Fill in the missing letters. Find and underline the adjectives. Are there antonyms in these proverbs?
Listen more, and g..v..ri less..she.
The brave one barks, but the cowardly one bites.
The smart guy blames himself, the stupid guy blames his friend.
All work should be done both in terms of vocabulary and in terms of morphology and syntax. Consistently completed tasks and exercises to familiarize yourself with adjectives and their forms contribute to the complete assimilation of this part of speech.
The gradual complication of exercises determines the achievement of the final goal in the formation of skills in the accurate use of adjectives in speech and their correct spelling.
Bibliography:
- Aitberov A.M. Basics of teaching Russian morphology in the Dagestan national school. Tutorial. – Makhachkala, 1995.
- Aitberov A.M. Specific features of teaching Russian to primary school students in the multi-ethnic environment of Dagestan. Part 1. – Makhachkala, 2009.
- Burzhunov G.G. Methods of teaching the Russian language in the Dagestan national school. – Makhachkala, 2004.
The proposed didactic materials are designed both for schoolchildren studying the Russian language textbook for the 5th grade of general education institutions (authors - T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, M.T. Baranov, L.A. Trostentsova, etc.), and for those schoolchildren , which work according to the textbook for 5th grades edited by M.M. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. In the manual, the topic “Adjective” is given somewhat more broadly than in the textbook indicated above (for example, fifth-graders become familiar with categories, degrees of comparison of adjectives, etc.). Exercises and assignments for these materials are given with the “++” symbol.
The teaching materials offered are of varying degrees of complexity. The teacher can use them taking into account the level of preparedness of his students in the subject. Many tasks for the exercises are identical to the questions included in the unified state exam in the Russian language (for example, about the means of expressiveness of the language, types of speech, etc.).
The materials focus on the development of students' speech, improving the ability to accurately, appropriately and expressively use adjectives in oral and written speech.
Exercise 1. The name of the part of speech - the adjective - already contains a hint: it is “attached” to some words. These words are nouns, and adjectives denote their characteristics.
Remember the heroes of the book by the famous Finnish writer Tove Janson “In the Happy Valley of the Moomins” Shnyrk and Juksare, who gathered to play buttons.
Shnyrek, who was collecting shells in the coastal water, jumped out onto the shore like a bullet and began to empty the contents of his pockets onto the rock.
- One button is enough!
- Please! – Shnyrek was happy. -Which one is better? Bone, plush, wood, glass, metal, mother-of-pearl? Plain, speckled, striped or checkered? Round, oval, concave, convex, octagonal or...
“You can use an ordinary trouser button,” said Yuksare.
What characteristics of an object are indicated by adjectives in the text? From what angles is this object characterized with their help?
Exercise 2. First read the text with adjectives, then without them. Is it possible to imagine this particular dog without adjectives, to learn about its characteristics?
It was a small but very smart dog. She had large black eyes and long, princess-like eyelashes and a neat ponytail, which she fanned herself with like a fan.
(A. Usachev)
Exercise 3. Read the texts. Words of which part of speech carry the main semantic load?
Determine the type of speech. Which phrases - verbal or noun - are used more often in texts of this type?
a) The jay is the most colorful of our resident birds. How can any other overseas parrot compare to her! There are up to seven colors in one wing - white, gray, and silver. The head with a strong, stone beak, the bird's chest is almost fiery, the back and belly are covered in soft ashen down, there is a rainbow around the eyes and on the cheeks.
(According to V. Astafiev)
b) How beautiful he was, all illuminated by the sun, against the white background of the birch forest! And what a unique appearance this forest giant has! A long hook-nosed muzzle, huge inverted roots - horns. He himself is so heavy, bulky, and his legs are high, slender, like those of a racehorse. And what a color the fur is - all dark brown, and the legs look like white, tightly pulled stockings.
(G. Skrebitsky)
What animal are we talking about?
Write down 2-3 phrases in which adjectives denote the characteristics of an object: 1) in shape, size; 2) by color.
Exercise 4. Read the texts. Determine the role of adjectives in them.
a) On hot summer days it’s good to wander in a birch grove. A warm wind rustles green leaves overhead. It smells like mushrooms and ripe fragrant strawberries. The sun's rays break through the dense foliage. It’s good to lie in the clean grass, with your hands under your head, looking into the heights, where high clouds float and float across the blue summer sky like white swans above the tops of the birches.
(I. Sokolov-Mikitov)
b) Spring morning in the forest. The dew has not dried yet. Tiny drops of water hung on the leaves, on the flowers, on the stems of the grass. The sun peeked out from behind the treetops, and at the same moment bright lanterns seemed to light up in the dew drops. They were different - blue, pink and light blue. But most of all pink. The entire forest was glowing pink.
(According to G. Skrebitsky)
Exercise 5. Describe (in 5-6 sentences) a place that you visited for the first time and that struck you with something. Can you do without adjectives?
Exercise 6. Read an excerpt from A.P.’s story. Chekhov "Boys". For what purpose are adjectives used in it?
Volodya's three sisters sat at the table and did not take their eyes off their new acquaintance. Chechevitsyn was the same age and height as Volodya, but not so plump and white, but thin, dark, covered with freckles. His hair was bristly, his eyes were narrow, his lips were thick. He was very ugly. In appearance, he could have been mistaken for the cook's son, if he had not been wearing a school jacket.
(According to A.P. Chekhov)
Determine the type of speech.
Exercise 7. Which adjectives in combination with these nouns can be used to describe a person’s appearance, and which ones to reflect his inner world?
Face
: narrow, angry, pleasant, intelligent, ruddy, tanned, dark-skinned, good-natured, wide-cheeked.
Eyes
: brown, crafty, sad, round, expressive, angry, empty, sad, gray, huge.
Old man
: gray-haired, kind, short, thin.
Write down the phrases you have created in two columns:
Write (orally) 3-4 sentences describing the person who caught your attention.
Exercise 8. Write down which animals a person is usually compared to
according to its external qualities:
clumsy as ___________;
thick as ______________;
long-legged, like __________;
hardy, like ___________;
healthy as _____________;
according to its internal qualities:
brave as _____________;
cunning as ______________;
insidious, like _____________;
cowardly as ____________;
faithful as _______________.
Exercise 9. Read the text. Find in it cognate words of various parts of speech, with the help of which the color of an autumn day is conveyed. Write them down, indicate which parts of speech they belong to.
Sometimes at the beginning of autumn there is a rare day. It looks like it's all made of blue glass. The distant forest turns transparent blue, and the birches on the slope stand thin and straight, like white candles. The blue of the sky, the blue distance, the shine of the sun and the colorful decoration of the forests - all this looks like some kind of fabulous holiday, like the last greeting of the passing summer.
(According to G. Skrebitsky)
Do only adjectives convey the brightness and multicolor of the world?
Exercise 10. Read the text, prepare to retell it.
In Russian there are different ways to indicate color. Compare: turn white(verb), white(noun), white(adjective). And yet, most often, adjectives are used for this. Many of them give an idea of color through the object that is the bearer of this color: crimson
– raspberry color, salad
– lettuce color, cherry
– cherry blossom, turquoise
– turquoise color, sand
– color of sand. Similar adjectives appeared in our language in the mid-18th - early 19th centuries.
But blue, red, yellow
– adjectives with their own color meaning. Among the Slavs red
meant "beautiful, good" (red maiden, red sun) and symbolized joy, beauty, love. On holidays, guys usually wore red shirts, and girls wore red sundresses. White
the color symbolized purity, virtue (remember the bride’s white dress), yellow
– infidelity.
Many adjectives denoting color come to us from other languages. So, from French - orange
(orange- orange), pale yellow
(pale– pale, pale yellow, with a pink tint), lilac
(lilas- lilac), violet
(from the name of the flower - violette– violet).
Exercise 11. Read the text.
Adjectives seem to color the world around us. As a rule, the concept of “color and its shades” can be represented by many adjectives. Let's take for example blue - This cornflower blue, blue, sky blue, turquoise, sapphire, azure; grey – this and smoky , And ashen , And mousey .
Choose adjectives that mean green color and its shades, write them down along with the nouns. Make up and write down sentences with 2–3 word combinations.
Exercise 12. Read the text, determine its main idea.
One day, several nouns gathered on a bright, sunny lawn: Sky, Road, Fairy Tale, Song. They began to express their grievances against the schoolchildren because they gave them constant adjectives as friends, which no one could get rid of.
– I’m in all my works blue And cloudless, - Heaven sighed.
- And the word stuck with me flat, - Doroga almost cried.
- Eh, friend! Nothing for you yet. At least sometimes you winding they call me names, but I always interesting, - Fairy Tale said hopelessly.
- And I just ringing, - said the Song.
-What are you going to do here? - everyone sighed together.
(I. Podgaetskaya)
Choose adjectives for the nouns discussed in the text, as well as for the words grass, forest, friend, sun. Write them down.
Exercise 13. Add 5–7 adjectives each denoting: color (white, orange, ...), taste (salty, tart, ...), temperature (cold, ...), character qualities (generous, smart, ...).
Exercise 14. Write down 3-4 nouns for these adjectives: round, sweet, cheerful, brave, sad .
Exercise 15. Make up phrases with the nouns given in brackets and write them in two columns:
direct meaning figurative meaning
stale (bread, person), cold (day, look), slippery (floor, person), bright (fire, example), high (thoughts, pine trees), sweet (tea, dream), oblique (seam, look), golden (character, bracelet), lazy (girl, pose), narrow (interests, paths), pale (boy, story), iron (grid, discipline), hard (ground, character), hot (days, disputes), fresh ( thought, bun).
Exercise 16. Write down nouns with adjectives, arranging synonyms in order of increasing or decreasing degree of attribute.
Smell (fragrant, pleasant, fragrant), sunset (scarlet, crimson, pink, crimson, red, crimson), answer (excellent, good, beautiful), fighter (brave, courageous, fearless, courageous), pianist (capable, brilliant, talented), construction site (large, grandiose, huge), water (icy, cold, cool), rays (hot, warm, sultry, hot), step (quick, hasty, impetuous, hasty).
Exercise 17. Add constant epithets to these nouns, which are often found in works of oral folk art. What part of speech words are used in this?
Sample: tight bow, ...
Well done, field, sea, horse, falcon, steppes, springs, forest, sun, girl, water, harp.
Exercise 18. Remember and write down the names of fairy tales in which adjectives occur.
Exercise 19. Complete a number of phraseological units that include adjectives. Explain the meanings of these phraseological units.
Augean stables, __________ heel, __________ sword, _________ tears, ________ labor
Exercise 20. Make up phrases “adjective + noun”: a) that can be used in a weather report report; b) where adjectives denote a feature of an object perceived by sight or hearing; c) where adjectives are epithets.
Wind:
mournful, hurricane, squally, impetuous, northern, sleepy, affectionate, furious, angry, furious.
Rain:
silent, continuous, lively, sluggish, stormy, short-term, protracted, annoying, torrential, quiet, swift, noisy, dull, gloomy, chatty, monotonous, sonorous, abundant, lazy, dreary.
Snow:
white, sparkling, clean, bright, wet, diamond, fresh, yesterday, early.
Compose a text of 5–6 sentences about snow or rain, using phrases containing epithets.
Exercise 21. Replace the adjective in the phrase with a suitable synonym.
Fresh air, fresh shirt, fresh thought, fresh greens, fresh bread, fresh face.
Tall house, tall man, high harvest, high voice, distinguished guests.
Exercise 22. Read the poem by N. Rubtsov expressively.
Autumn! Flying along the roads
Autumn is cold and groaning!
Croaks near a haystack
Pack chilled crow.
Slippery uneven path
In the thickets of cloudy willows
The horse comes from the watering hole,
Head down.
Small, drowsy, without measure,
As if from many sieves,
The rain is chilling and gray
Everything is drizzling and drizzling.
Write out two phrases “adjective + noun” from the poem, in which the adjectives are epithets.
Find a comparison. What other combinations of words seemed unusual to you? What do you think the author uses them for?
Write down the highlighted words, explain the choice of spelling - consonants in their roots.
Make a phonetic analysis of words a flock of chilled
.
Exercise 23. (Orally.) Prepare a coherent story on the topic “The role of adjectives in speech.” Give your own examples to prove your points.
Exercise 24. Make up phrases using the given nouns according to the example. Indicate the gender, number, case of the main and dependent words.
Sample:
Rose, snow, books, field, clouds, pencils, to the village.
What do adjectives mean? What questions do they answer? What determines the gender, number, and case of adjectives?
Exercise 25 Underline the adjectives as parts of the sentence.
a) 1. We went fishing early in the summer morning ( D. Mamin-Sibiryak). 2. The quiet wind rustled through the grass ( B. Oleynik). 3. The hare’s shu_ka is white. 4. The hare's white fur matches the snow.
b) The black stork is a secretive, unsociable bird. She's very careful. The stork is similar to its white counterpart. In high flight they are almost identical.
(According to G. Korolkov)
Draw a conclusion about the syntactic role of full and short adjectives in a sentence.
Highlight the endings in the adjectives. What are they pointing to? How do short adjectives differ from full adjectives?
Exercise 26. Remember and write down expressions from folk tales that prove that in the Old Russian language short adjectives changed according to cases.
Around the world, from young to old, __________.
Exercise 27. Copy, insert missing punctuation marks, letters. Underline the adjectives as parts of the sentence.
In winter, the garden is white and sleepy. But under the spring sun (h, s) the snow will run and then the garden will burst into flames with pink fire. The bees will buzz in the flower wilderness. By summer there will be a swirling floral snowfall so that by autumn there will be a miracle on every branch!
(A. Vasilyeva-Gangnus)
Parse the word according to its composition pink. Write out an adjective with the same composition from the text. Write down words with the same root and different forms of one word.
Make diagrams of the second and last sentences.
Exercise 28++. Write out the adjectives from the text in three columns:
quality | relative | possessive
Indicate their grammatical features. Add 2-3 of your own examples.
WINTER WINTER
Blowed cold
winds. The trees stood bare in the forest, waiting for winter clothes. The spruce and pine trees became even greener.
At the first powder, the hunters went hunting, and for days on end the loud barking of dogs could be heard throughout the forest.
(I. Sokolov-Mikitov)
Prove that the highlighted word is an adjective.
Exercise 29. Decline. Highlight the endings in the question and in the adjective.
A thin long twig, a difficult long road, a quiet foggy morning.
Exercise 30. Indicate what grammatical features are expressed by the following endings of adjectives. Prove with examples.
Exercise 31. Copy the text by inserting the missing letters.
I was walking along a narrow path. Shaggy white tree branches hung over it from all sides. Occasionally the snow fell off them and fell to the ground in heavy flakes. For a long time the snow dust lingered in the frosty air.
(According to G. Skrebitsky)
Create a sentence diagram with a conjunction And.
Exercise 32. Write down, insert the missing letters.
By evening it began to snow. Large_shaggy_ snowflakes
spun into the air_. Every minute they became bigger and bigger. Finally the snow began to fall in flakes and covered the surroundings with a cloudy veil. In an instant, the porch of the forest guardhouse and the branches of the old pine trees (s, h) became white and fluffy. The air was clean and fresh_. There was such a silence that only happens in winter in an old, deep forest before nightfall.
From the hazy evening sky the white fluff of winter fell and fell onto the ground.
(According to G. Skrebitsky)
Find a sentence with short adjectives. Determine their syntactic role in the sentence.
Make up phrases with the highlighted word in which adjectives would act as epithets.
Exercise 33
a) About quiet spring nights; spreading_ tall_ oak tree; winter_ clear_ day; light_blue_ sky; fresh_autumn_morning; in the old pine forest; in the forest_mysterious_ wilderness; through the deep_dense_taiga; in the warm_summer_rain; in Russian folk song; beautiful_melody; on a long journey; in the blue sea; under low trees; for a morning walk; by a calm river.
Write down two qualitative adjectives. What characteristics of an object do they represent?
b) Early walk through the autumn forest; frosty_ January_ day; young_beautiful_oak tree; in clean, light water; in yellow_fragrant_ acacia; near the white-trunked birch tree; in a blue haze; through last year's leaves; quiet evenings; spring_ sometimes; late_autumn; from the dense forest; on long voyages; about autumn_rainy_ weather; clear evening dawn; quiet_ thoughtful_ nature; about a long_pleasant_walk; in a dense_shady_alley; after yesterday_rain; into a hot oven; long_autumn_night.
Write down two relative adjectives. What features of the object do they indicate?
c) ++Dog_smell; dog_sense; wolf_trace; wolf_mouth; fox_ cunning; in a foxhole; on the fox's trail; childish voices; bear's den; deer_fur; on deer fur; fisherman_ village; boat fisherman; seal_ pasture; in a landowner's estate; disservice.
Find phrases in which the same adjective in one case acts as a possessive, and in another it takes on the meaning of a qualitative one. Make up and write down sentences with them.
Exercise 34. Copy, insert the missing letters, highlight the endings of the adjectives.
1. A hare quietly creeps along the soft snow ( D. Mamin-Sibiryak). 2. There are two species of bats in New Zealand (I. Akimushkin). 3. The forest was still good_ (D. Mamin-Sibiryak). 4. The huge dog looked like a mighty lion. He was limping on his hind leg. 5. The blue snow turned white. 6. The dozing river reflects the sky, the quiet, pale arch of heaven, the quiet, dark, sleepy forest (K. Balmont). 7. A vague hum is heard from the sea. 8 . The sun smells of herbs, fresh baths, awakened spring and resinous pine (K. Balmont). 9. The calf was small, yellow, with big ears, like a donkey’s. (V. Chaplin). 10. The birds, one after another, rose in large circles above the mountain range towards the morning wind (N. Sladkov). 11. A flock of sheep went to the mountainside for the spring_ curly_ region.
++ Write down two phrases each with relative and qualitative adjectives.
++ Underline the main clauses in the second sentence.
Exercise 35
1. Behind the lightly foggy haze we made out the hilly distant shore. 2. The forest began behind the last huts, shaded the village and did not allow heavy winds to roam through the backyards. 3. In late autumn the first frosts began to whiten the withered grass. 4. In the silence of the winter forest, something suddenly rustles very nearby. 5. A cooing sound came from the crown of a neighboring alder tree. 6. The spring forest is permeated with the trills of finches.
(According to G. Korolkov)
Re-read the third sentence. What means of expressive language did the author use?
Exercise 36. Write down, insert the missing letters, open the brackets.
The lake is dark_rock_, free_, gloomy_ in (bad) weather_, as if lead _, and on clear_ days it is tender_ and hi_in_ . The lake region is reflected in the transparent depths, and wooded islands overturned in the coastal waters.
Read expressively the description of Lake Onega, compiled from the book “100 Wonders of the World” by N. Ionina. Find semantic synonyms and antonyms in the text.
Indicate the adjectives used figuratively. What other means of expressive language does the author use to vividly and figuratively describe the lake?
++ Write down two qualitative and relative adjectives each. Prove (orally) that they belong to this category.
Sort out the highlighted words according to their composition. Give examples of 2-3 adjectives with the same suffixes (in writing).
Exercise 37. Write down, insert the missing letters.
The Church of the Transfiguration in Kizhi is crumbling. The scaly clothing of its domes was made by Russian craftsmen from aspen plates. Silky to the touch, over time they become gray, acquire a glossy gloss and a sort of mirror-like properties. This wooden church has something of a fairy-tale tower , and at the same time, it exudes the heroic, epic strength and amazing simplicity of peasant buildings.
(According to N. Ionina)
Read the text expressively. Determine the type and style of speech.
++ Find “new” and “given” in the text. What are the features of the “given”?
++ Write down adjectives with meanings: a) “a little, slightly”; b) “accessories”. Add 2-3 similar adjectives, highlight the suffixes in them.
Exercise 38. Compare two texts based on the story “Vaska” by O. Perovskaya.
1) We took a good look at Vaska. It was a clumsy little tiger cub. The tiger cub had a large, wide head with round green eyes, a wide forehead and short ears. The front legs were thick and strong, while the hind legs were thinner and weaker. The tiger cub's body was thin and puny, and its tail was long, like a snake.
2) We took a good look at Vaska. It was a clumsy little tiger cub with a large, wide head, round green eyes, a wide forehead and short ears. His front legs are thick and strong, his hind legs are weaker and thinner. Vaska’s body is thin and puny, his tail is long, like a snake.
Which text do you think is more successful? Re-read it and answer the following questions.
Determine the type of speech. Indicate the features characteristic of this type of speech.
++ Which of the editing methods made the text better: 1) replacing it with a word synonymous for the given text; 2) exclusion of repetition of the word in “given”; 3) replacing a noun with a pronoun?
++ Write down the adjectives in the comparative degree. Form and write the superlative degree of these adjectives.
Exercise 39. Copy, insert missing letters, missing punctuation marks, open the brackets.
Researchers talk about the existence of an unusual species of brown bear in Kenya - the kerite.
Kerith is the most mysterious monster in Africa. He is larger than a brown bear, thick_
dark fur covers the shoulders and paws of the beast.
It is believed that it lives in dense forests and is nocturnal. He always attacks people and animals at night. When attacked, it (doesn’t) jump over fences, but pokes holes in them. Thorn bushes and hedges are not a hindrance for him.
Scientists have not yet (not) given an answer to the question of what kerite is - an unknown predator or just a myth?
(Based on the book by I. Akimushkin “Traces of Unseen Beasts”)
++ Form comparative and superlative forms from the highlighted adjective. If it is impossible to form a simple shape, form a compound one.
++ Find comparative and superlative adjectives in the text and underline them as parts of the sentence.
Exercise 40.
In what parts of speech is an ending possible? -ies
? Write down 3-4 examples.
What parts of speech are possible in writing? -ii
at the end of words? Give 4–5 examples.
Exercise 41++. Copy, insert missing letters, missing punctuation marks.
1. Common squirrel food: seeds of coniferous trees. 2. I followed the wolf's trail. 3. Now I don’t see any hare tracks near our house. 4. I have more than once admired the miracles of bird tracks. 5. Black grouse is the most beautiful of hunting birds. 6. On cold winter nights we often heard a hungry wolf howl. 7. Among the cat_ and dog_ tracks on the outskirts_ of the city on the boulevards you can also see fox_ and tracks. 8. Experienced hunters know that in bear hunting, first of all, order is needed. 9. The fox’s trail stretches out in a long line. 10. Hare_fox_bird_footprints are painted on the white_ tablecloth of snow. 11. A fishing boat splashes by the bridge.
(According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)
++ Find the superlative adjective in the sentences, write it down, analyze it by composition; give 2–3 examples of adjectives with the same composition.
Exercise 42. Copy, insert missing letters, missing punctuation marks.
1. The forest path turned and I came out onto a sloping cape. 2. The autumn wind was blowing and raindrops were falling (A. Apukhtin). 3. In the lower_ hollow lived a redstart and the upper_ floors were occupied by bats (G. Korolkov). 4. In the summer the weasel was in summer clothes, and in the fall she changed her clothes and dressed in a white coat. 5. India is the ancient homeland of bluebirds (N. Sladkov). 6. Barn owls are huge birds of mountain heights (N. Sladkov). 7. Golden eagle is the largest eagle (N. Sladkov).
Write down two phrases “adjective + noun” and analyze them.
Make diagrams of the first two sentences.
++ Write out the superlative adjective. Write down the comparative degree of this adjective.
Exercise 43. Copy, insert the missing letters, highlight the endings of the adjectives.
1. Through tight_ I squeezed through a wall of alder bushes towards the water. 2. In a spruce forest that woke up from its winter slumber, I met a squirrel. 3. I love listening to nightingales on clear May days. 4. Morning dawn appears in early spring. 5. Even at midnight the summer forest is completely quiet. b. The night dissolved in the stream of dawn. 7. In the dim light, visions appeared dilapidated_ a barn, a low_ fence and a young_ maple with carved_ leaves.
(According to G. Korolkov)
Find synonyms for the highlighted words.
Write down the adjective with a diminutive suffix.
Exercise 44. Write down, insert the missing letters.
1. After a gloomy night bright_ The late autumn dawn flared up with colors. 2. A thin_water_dust_wet_and_cold_layer lay over the sodden ground (L. Andreev). 3. Behind the snowy fields, a blue strip of spruce separated the gray sky from the white fields (A. Chapygin). 4. The fog was silver with prickly sparks (A. Chapygin). 5. The ants lined up under the old pine tree huge_ forest palace
Choose antonyms for the highlighted word in the first sentence.
Select synonyms for the highlighted word in the last sentence, arranging them in order of strengthening of the feature.
Parse the last sentence.
Exercise 45. Write down, insert the missing letters.
In the winter fog there is a cold, dim sun. The snowy forest sleeps. It seems as if everything has frozen due to this cold.
I go out into the forest clearing. I see a thick old spruce forest. All the trees are full of large cones.
Suddenly, as if a spring breeze rustled over the forest. This flock of crossbills flew over the clearing. The birds grabbed the cones tenacious_
claws and pull out delicious seeds from them.
(According to G. Skrebitsky)
Make a morphological analysis of the highlighted word.
Outline the last sentence.
Exercise 46. Write down, insert the missing letters. Highlight the endings of the adjectives.
1. Unfriendly_in_ , cloudy day with multi-colored glass glaring (A. Apukhtin). 2. A cool leaf flies from the tree with a light whistle (N. Rubtsov). 3. Size_m in_em quiet flax color_tet (B. Oleynik). 4. Chains iceman_ the obedient pond is bound and the blue mirror is equal to the banks (P. Vyazemsky). 5. In the serene silence, the songs of the talkative birds unfurl in the heights (Ya. Polonsky). 6. Already above the spruce forest, from behind the tops of the thorny trees, the gold of the evening clouds shone (Ya. Polonsky). 8. Albatrosses fly above the leaden clouds, watching the seething waves from the sky (K. Balmont). 9. A clean breeze rushes along the narrow streets (N. Rubtsov). 10. White lily flowers, silvery, grow from the deep bottom, where golden rays do not shine (K. Balmont). 11. River crystal sleeps behind the coastal bushes (S. Klochkov).
What means of expressive language are used in excerpts from poems by different authors?
Sort out the highlighted words according to their composition. Write out adjectives with the same suffixes from the sentences.
Parse the 2nd sentence.
Make an outline of the 10th sentence.
++ Write down two phrases “adjective + noun” with qualitative and relative adjectives. Sort out these phrases.
Exercise 47. Write down, insert the missing letters. Indicate the conditions for choosing a spelling.
The bear is clumsy_; bread smells_; lily of the valley_fresh_; the frost is crackling_; hedgehog_thorn_; dense boron_; borsch_hot_; nice day_; looks_ like a brother; terrible sushi_.
Exercise 48++. Copy the text by inserting the missing letters.
The obez_ik loosened the drawstring of the bag and took it out of it small_nk_ trembling lump. It was a little fox. Very tiny, with a fluffy tail and a pair of pointy ears. The body is small, puny and very light.+ Neck thin_nk_+. The head is large, with a pointed nose. Cheerful_, round_, like buttons, little eyes and the black_wet_tip_of the nose. The skin is greyish-yellow, and the cheeks, throat and belly are white.
(According to O. Perovskaya)
Read the text expressively. Determine the type and style of speech. Name the characteristics of this style.
++ How did the author of the text manage to avoid repetition - a defect in the “given”?
++ Write down two adjectives and nouns each, the suffixes of which have a diminutive meaning.
In those marked with "+»
In sentences, underline the adjectives as parts of the sentence.
Find in the text a synonym and antonym for the highlighted word.
Exercise 49. Copy, insert missing letters, missing punctuation marks.
I got to Svetl_ Lake already late in the autumn when the first snow fell. Here and there a yellow leaf still remained on the birch trees. The dry autumn grass looked like a yellow brush from under the snow. Dead silence reigned all around. Transparent_n_ the water darkened and heavy autumn water rushed noisily into the shore.
(According to D. Mamin-Sibiryak)
Make a morphological analysis of any adjective.
++ Write down two phrases “adjective + noun”, in which one adjective is qualitative, the other is relative.
Choose antonyms and synonyms for the highlighted word.
Make diagrams of the first and last sentences. Parse the last sentence.
Exercise 50. Write down, insert the missing letters.
There was a hut in the dense forest. Various flowers smiled around her: red, blue, yellow. The blue grass gravitated toward the sun. + On the silver bushes the red squirrels were clicking nuts.
Near the porch of the hut stood a very old pine tree. Her top has grown to the sky. At night little stars played hide and seek in it, and in the mornings a tired cloud slept on it. In the evening, big-eared Uncle Owl looked out from the black oak tree and told fairy tales to the forest people.
(L. Vasilyeva-Gangnus)
Outline the second sentence.
Parse the sentence marked with the “+” sign.
From the last sentence, write down the functional parts of speech. Write down their names and 2-3 of your own examples next to them.
Find in the text words whose structure corresponds to the diagrams:
Write down 2-3 examples with the same composition of words.
Exercise 51++. Match the nouns with adjectives that denote shades of color.
Sample: dark golden ear, fiery red spark, blue-blue snow.
Frost, sky, grass, dawn, star, smell, sunset, smoke, sea, water, fog.
Exercise 52++. Copy, open the brackets, insert the missing letters.
1. In the (white) bluish flashes of lightning, a gloomy ridge appeared from the darkness every now and then as a flying vision. 2. The (dark) blue_ sea burns with changeable colors (M. Gorky). 3. The stone glowed with a (bluish) bluish flicker. 4. The shine of the river is (bluish) bright where it flows out into the length covered with (thick) blue fog.
Write down two adjectives whose structure matches the diagram What meaning do these suffixes give to adjectives?
Exercise 53++. Copy, open the brackets, insert the missing letters, missing punctuation marks.
Amber is the hardened resin of coniferous trees. People have noticed it since ancient times. This solar stone comes in different shades: from (light) transparent to (dark) yellow. Sometimes there are pieces of clouds of amber with quirky_ patterns that resemble either a cumulus cloud or tongues of flame. Amber can be (radiantly) transparent, (yellow) brown, (light) lemon. The walls of the famous Amber Room, which the Nazis took from the territory of Russia, were made from this gem. She has been missing since then. Now it is being restored by Russian craftsmen.
(Based on materials from the book “100 Wonders of the World”)
Find synonyms for the highlighted word.
Exercise 54. (Orally.) Prepare a coherent story on the topic “Adjective as a part of speech.”
TEST ON THE TOPIC “ADJECTIVE NAME”
I. Find the correct wording:
A. An adjective is a part of speech that means:
1) a sign, but as an object;
2) a sign of an object;
3) condition of the item;
4) the action of the object.
B. The adjective answers questions:
1) Which? What?
2) Who? What?
3) Which? whose?
4) whose? How?
B. Adjective:
1) in full form agrees with the noun in gender, number and case;
2) belongs to one of three genera;
3) in a sentence in full form it can be a predicate or a definition;
4) in short form it changes by numbers.
D. Short adjectives:
1) change by gender, number, case;
2) decline, change according to gender;
3) do not decline, change by number, in the singular - by gender;
4) in a sentence they are usually a definition or a predicate.
II. Which part of the sentence is the highlighted word?
A. Winter this year cold .
B. Autumn days Briefly speaking summer
1) Subject; 2) predicate; 3) definition; 4) circumstance.
III. Specify adjectives with endings:
V. Find words with a soft sign at the end:
1) because of the clouds_; 2) birth_; 3) hear_; 4) good_.
V. Find adjectives whose structure corresponds to the following schemes:
VI. Find errors in the formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives:
1) the most beautiful of all; 2) thinner; 3) least successful; 4) the most beautiful of all; 5) excellent.
Training for teachers “The Path to Success”
Target: development of communicative competence, self-knowledge skills, emotional stability, increased self-esteem, self-confidence.
The training motivates teachers to self-improvement, mastering knowledge, techniques, and mechanisms of communicative competence.
Equipment: ball, chairs according to the number of participants in the shape of a circle, tables, sheets of paper, ballpoint pens, colored pencils for each, musical accompaniment (calm, light, slow composition), marker board.
Progress:
Greeting from the psychologist, introduction to the rules of work.
Rules for practicing a psychologist.
We are talking here and now.
There are no right or wrong answers. The correct answer is the one that expresses your opinion.
Confidentiality of what is heard.
Exercise “Name – adjective”
In a circle, participants say the name and the adjective starting with the first letter of the name. Positively characterizes him.
Game exercise “Good - bad”
Participants sit in a circle. The presenter begins. - I'm a teacher, and that's good... because I love children. - I am a teacher, and this is bad... Then, in turn, all the teachers express what is good and what is bad. It is important to finish the exercise with a “good” mark.
Next, teachers are asked to classify the qualities as the most important. Sheets with three positive qualities written on them need to highlight “which quality is more important” for the teaching profession. Then you should say which of the participants has all three of these qualities. Sheets with qualities: wisdom, reliability, perseverance; activity, selflessness, politeness; willpower, modesty, courage; selflessness, tact, patience; pride, flexibility, goodwill; equanimity, charm, sociability.
Parable
Tree
There was a dead tree trunk by the road. At night a thief passed by him and got scared - he thought it was a policeman waiting for him. A young man in love passed by, and his heart beat joyfully: he mistook the tree for his beloved. A child, frightened by fairy tales, saw a tree and burst into tears: it seemed to him that it was a ghost. But in all cases the tree was just a tree.
We see the world as we ourselves are.
Psychologist:
“Very often, immersed in the routine of modern life, faced with daily stressful situations, we forget about our inner world, stop dreaming, seeing and appreciating our qualities and abilities. This contributes to a person’s internal burnout, which affects both a person’s personal and professional life.
Today we will try to stop, turn around and plunge into our inner world.”
Exercise “Unexpected Guest”
Situation “unexpected doorbell”:
1. Girlfriend
2. Mother-in-law
3. Police
4. Child's friends
5. Neighbor
6. The man has the wrong house
Participants describe their reactions to each case on the sheets. We saw that we all perceive what is happening differently and react differently to the same events. That’s why burnout occurs earlier in some, later in others, in some to a greater extent, in others to a lesser extent.
“Rose bush” technique
Purpose: to help express suppressed feelings, needs, aspirations and thoughts.
The psychologist asks you to close your eyes, take a few deep breaths and exhale and imagine. It's like they're turning into a rose bush: "You can become any flowering bush, like a rose bush." Then the psychologist asks questions to which the participants mentally answer, “Is this bush big or small? Strong or weak? Are there flowers on this bush? If so, what are they? What colour? Are there many or few? Have they fully blossomed or are there only buds? Are there leaves? How do they look? What do the shoots and branches look like? What kind of roots does this bush have, or does it perhaps have no roots at all? If there are, are they long and straight or curved? How deep do they penetrate into the ground? Does this bush have thorns? Where does this bush grow: in a clearing, in a forest, in a desert, in a field, under the moon or somewhere else? Does it stand in a pot or grow straight from the ground, or maybe make its way through the asphalt? What's around the bush? Are there any other rose bushes nearby or is he standing alone? Are there animals, trees, birds or people around? What does this bush live on? Who is looking after him? Is the weather good? Is there a fence around the bush, or maybe stones or rocks?
Then the psychologist asks you to open your eyes and draw a rose bush against the background of the surrounding landscape. Participants are given the opportunity to do a self-diagnosis based on the drawing.
Exercise "Strengths"
This exercise is aimed not only at self-discovery, but also at the ability to think about yourself in a positive way. When performing it, it is necessary to avoid statements about your shortcomings, mistakes and weaknesses, no attempts at self-criticism and self-condemnation.
Take a blank sheet of paper and write down all your strengths - what you love, value, accept in yourself, what gives you a sense of inner confidence and trust in yourself in different situations, note what is your fulcrum at different moments in life.
Geometric test "Soul squared".
Look at the proposed figures and choose from them the one that you think most fully represents you as a person. In other words, you can say for sure: this figure is I. Arrange the remaining figures in order of preference. So, in the first place is YOU, in the last place is a figure symbolizing the person with whom interaction will present the greatest difficulties for you. Well, the most interesting thing is the characteristics of those who chose:
SQUARE is a tireless worker. He has hard work, diligence, and perseverance, which allows him to always achieve completion of the work. Patience and methodicality make a highly qualified specialist from a square. The square, as it were, collects information, and it is laid out strictly on the shelves, so he is able to quickly retrieve the necessary information and is deservedly known as an erudite in his field. Refers to left-hemisphere thinkers, who are characterized by logical thinking and mathematical analysis. The square calculates the result rather than guesses it. The ideal of a square is a planned, measured life, where everything is predictable. He doesn't like surprises. In the business sphere, such people often become good administrators and performers, but rarely achieve success as managers due to the constant need for additional information to make decisions - this deprives them of efficiency. In addition, rationality and coldness prevent squares from quickly establishing contacts with others.
TRIANGLE – This shape symbolizes leadership. The main ability is to concentrate on the intended goal, deeply and quickly analyze the situation. Triangle is a very self-confident person who wants to be right in everything. He has great difficulty admitting his mistakes, is easy to teach, and absorbs information like a sponge. The meaning of life is to make a career. Negative quality – excessive egocentrism. He perfectly knows how to present to higher management the significance of his own work, sensing a profitable business a mile away, and in the fight for it he can “push heads” against his opponents.
A RECTANGLE is like a transitional shape from one figure to another. People who are not satisfied with their life and therefore are busy looking for a better position perceive themselves as a rectangle. The main mental state of the rectangle is a conscious feeling of confusion, entanglement in problems, uncertainty. The most significant traits are inconsistency, unpredictability of actions, and low self-esteem. Positive qualities - curiosity, inquisitiveness, keen interest in everything that happens, courage. He tries to do things that he has sometimes never done before, asks questions that he didn’t have the courage to answer before.
CIRCLE is a symbol of harmony. The one who chose this figure is interested in good interpersonal relationships. The highest value for the circle is people and their well-being. This is the most benevolent of the five figures. The circle serves as a kind of glue that holds the team, family together, stabilizes the group, and has a high capacity for sympathy and empathy. The circle feels someone else's joy and someone else's pain as its own. This is a right-hemisphere type of thinking, not logical, but figurative, more emotionally charged. The processing of information in such people is not sequential, but mosaic. The main feature of their thinking style is their focus on the subjective factors of the problem.
ZIGZAG is a symbol of creativity. He is characterized by imagery. The right-hemisphere thinking of a zigzag is not fixed on details, therefore, by simplifying the picture of the world in some ways, it allows you to build holistic, harmonious concepts and images, and see beauty. Zigzag cannot work in one place for a long time - it’s very boring, but there are so many interesting things around! The main purpose of the zigzag is the generation of new ideas and methods, and not their actual implementation. He is focused on the future and is more interested in possibility than reality.
Psychologist: The difficult work of a teacher requires a special attitude towards the inner world, since the profession belongs to the category of “risk group” for emotional burnout. It is necessary to know and use techniques for relieving emotional and muscle tension. These include: relaxation, auto-training, breathing exercises, muscle relaxation exercises.
Exercise "Autotraining"
Psychologist: “Close your eyes. Take a deep breath, exhale. Today is another perfect day on Earth. We will live it with joy. Repeat after me".
I live in love and harmony with everyone...
I love myself... I love life... I am in harmony with life...
I radiate the harmony I created to all those with whom I come into contact….
I bring peace... I bring love to my world...
I feel calm... I feel good in our world...
We took a deep breath and exhaled slowly.
Psychologist: “At the end of our meeting, listen to a parable.”
Brook
Once upon a time there lived in the world a small Brook. He descended from the mountains into a beautiful green valley. And then one day he reached the desert. Then he stopped and thought: “Where to run next.” There was a lot of new and unknown ahead, so Brook was scared.
But Brook continued to stand. He really wanted to become a big, full-flowing river, but he was afraid of change and did not want to take risks.
And Brook made up his mind. He ran through the desert. He felt very bad. Unfamiliar places and sweltering heat took away his strength every day. And after a few days it dried up.
But then the evaporated small droplets met high in the sky. They united into one large cloud and floated further over the desert.
The cloud floated over the desert for a long time until it reached the sea. And so the stream spilled into the sea with numerous small drops of rain. Now he has merged with the vast sea. Rocking gently on the waves, he smiled to himself. Previously, when he lived in the valley, he could not even dream of such a thing. Brook thought: “I changed my form several times and only now it seems to me that I have finally become myself!”
Don't be afraid of change and never stop there! Life is so multifaceted that you never know what may lie ahead. The main thing is to be confident in yourself and not be afraid to make decisions!
Game "Five Minutes of Love"
Participants are invited to hug themselves tightly and confess their love to themselves.
Thank you for your attention!!!
Adjective.Change them. adjectives by gender.
1. Write down the answers to the questions. Emphasize the endings. adjectives.
1.What is the weather like?
2.What kind of rain is it?
3. What kind of sky?
4. What kind of leaves are on the trees?
2. Write down the names of stores by the types of goods they sell. Highlight the endings and indicate the gender.
Books, bread, food, vegetables, furniture, dishes.
3. Agree adjectives with nouns of the same gender. Write it down. Indicate the gender, highlight the ending.
Native (city, country, village)
Lesnoy (edge, clearing, lake)
Blue (flower, ribbon, sky)
4. Form adjectives from these nouns and explain the spelling of consonants.
Place (resident), forest (clearing), region (center), sadness (day), joy (news), interest (business), taste (apple)
5. Replace the highlighted adjectives with similar ones in meaning. Write down suggestions.
Brave The border guard brought the spy to the outpost. In autumn, near fields and meadows especially sad view. Still standing beautiful weather.
6. Choose antonyms for these adjectives. Write it down.
Cloudy-..., sad-..., hard-..., heavy-..., brave-....
7 * . Using appropriate adjectives, make the description of the thunderstorm brighter and more beautiful.
A thunderstorm broke out. Clouds covered the sky and obscured the sun. Lightning flashed among the clouds. A crash was heard behind her. A crash echoed across the sky and died out somewhere in the distance.
8 * . Choose suitable adjectives for the highlighted nouns. Write down the text.
Autumn.
It passed unnoticed..... summer . The days have become shorter. Sky ....., ..., .... . .... cloud covers it. As if through a sieve, he sows from it...., ...., ....... rain.
9. Selective dictation.(First write down the adjective + masculine noun, then the adjective + neuter noun. Add four to five adjectives + feminine nouns).
A rubber ball, a steel feather, a wide field, a large forest, a slender poplar, fresh milk, a native village, autumn rain.
10. Test cheating.(Copy down to determine the gender of adjectives)
Pine.
The tree is green all year round and is beautiful... Straight... slender... its trunk reaches a height of forty meters. This is pine.
Pine is a very valuable tree. Strong... pine wood is used in industry. And the yellow... fragrant... resin is used to make medicines.
Changing adjectives by number.
1.Pluralize these adjectives and nouns. Highlight the endings of the adjectives.
High harvest -......, native village -...., blue sea -...., wide river -....., distant grove -.... .
2. Indicate the number, highlight the endings of the adjectives.
Healthy... air, shady... alleys, morning... fog, healthy... business, space... rocket, rich... harvest, birch... groves.
3. Write it down. Underline the adjectives, indicate their gender and number.
Water is a powerful worker. She digs deep ravines in the steppes. In river beds it creates sandbanks and builds large and small islands.
4. Name the number and endings of adjectives in phrasesruddy apple, ruddy apples; gold medal, gold medals.
Compose and write sentences using these phrases.
5. Vocabulary dictation with the task of putting adjectives + nouns in the plural.
An excellent grade, a diligent student, a distant village, a marshy swamp, a blue ribbon, a new ruler.
6 * . Write down what the students saw that was beautiful in nature. Name and underline adjectives, determine gender and number.
Changing adjectives by case.
1. Write it down. Underline the adjectives and ask questions about them. Indicate the case of the adjective, highlight the ending.
On the fabulous land of Zhideli Baysyn there once lived a noble man named Baybori. After visiting holy places, his son was born.
The happy father arranged an unprecedented one. The endless steppe was buzzing with a huge number of guests.
2. Write down adjectives + nouns. Put a question in parentheses and determine the case.
1) In ancient times, the mighty king Ushinara lived on earth. 2) Strong and brave Targyn always came to the aid of the weak and offended, he was kind and fair. 3) After a hot day, the evening cool descended on the earth.
3. Determine gender, number, case of adjectives in a sentence.
A cold wind drives shaggy gray clouds across the sky.
Declension of singular adjectives.
Nominative and accusative cases.
1. Determine the case of the noun and adjective.
There was a large house on the outskirts of the city. The guys planted a large garden in a vacant lot.
2. Write down the answers to the questions. Indicate the case of adjectives, highlight the endings.
1. Where did the red-headed boletus grow?
- Who found the red-headed boletus?
- Who saw the white mushroom?
- Where is the porcini mushroom hiding?
3. Match adjectives to nouns branch, bird cherry, grove. Make up sentences using these adjectives and nouns in I.p.
4.Spread the text, matching the highlighted nouns with adjectives zh.r. Write it down. Highlight the ending, determine the case.
I once went to... grove. I accidentally saw it there... squirrel. She jumped on... pine tree then I jumped to... birch I came closer and was surprised. After all, not even a minute had passed, and the squirrel had already managed to attach it to... branch.... chanterelle. That's how clever she is!
Genitive.
1. Put the adjective in the correct case. Write it down. Select ending.
Tanned under the rays (hot July) Sun. We reached ( distant forest ) lake. Woke up from ( long winter) sleep.
2. Make up sentences with each pair of words, using these nouns and adjectives in R.p., with or without prepositions.
Early morning, new home, brave hero.
3. Insert the missing endings of adjectives and explain their spelling. Make a sentence and write it down.
Clean... cold... water. Red... nimble... squirrels.
Dative.
1. Form adjectives from singular nounspine, river, autumn, letter, house, classput them in D.p. Write it down.
2. Proverbs.
1. There is no price for a true friend. 2. A big ship has a long voyage. 3. The cowardly hare is scared everywhere. 4. Do not sail on a small boat on a large lake. 5. A wolf that agrees with the herd is not afraid. 6. Great patience will come with skill.
Instrumental case.
1. Explain the spelling of missing adjective endings. Write down from memory.
The day will warm up - near the house
It smells like late... grass,
Yarov... dry... straw
And potato tops. (A. Tvardovsky).
2.Write down the answers to the questions using these words in brackets. ABOUT indicate the case, highlight the ending.
- When did father and son go fishing?(early sunny morning)
- Behind which island did anglers catch perch?(small sandy)
Prepositional.
1. Select single-root adjectives for these nouns and put them in pp.
Sea-sea-about the sea, sun-..., peace-..., happiness-..., book-..., magazine-..., door-....
2. Write down five adjectives with unpronounceable consonants. Write down the sentences where they will appear in the pp.
Declension of plural adjectives.
1. Put these nouns and adjectives in the indicated cases. Highlight the endings of the adjectives.
Warm days (R.p.), deep rivers (D.p.), high mountains (T.p.), huge forests (P.p.).
2. Write it down. Underline plural adjectives and insert endings. Indicate their case.
An airplane is flying over the wide fields. There is some kind of white trail behind him. This chemistry came to help people fight weeds... plants. Chemical plants made poisonous powders and liquids. If they scatter such powder over a field, all the weeds will die.
3. Put these nouns and adjectives in the plural.
The sea is blue.. -....., the village is nearby...- ....., the city is large...-..., the forest is beautiful..- ...., new... apartment-. .., city... square-.... .
4. Complete the sentences using adjectives together with nouns. Explain the placement of punctuation marks when listing.
Mighty oaks grow in the forests, ..., ....., ....., ...... . The meadows are full of red poppies,.... , ...., ..... .
5. Form plural adjectives of the same root from these nouns.
Forest - forest, road-...., sea-...., garden-..., city-...., field-...., rain-..., night-..., school-.. .. .
6. Choose suitable adjectives for the highlighted nouns. Write it down. Determine case.
After... days the mushrooms started growing again. They peek out from under the stems... grass, from under... leaves. Here are... boletus mushrooms , and boletuses with orange round heads, and... waves, and... saffron milk caps.
(according to G. Skrebitsky)
7 * . Compose and write down riddlesabout chamomile, about carrots, about apples, about starlings, about pencil cases.Use adjectives.
8 * . After observing a bird, write a story about it based on these questions.
- What is the name of the bird you are watching?
- Where do you often meet her?
- Is this a big bird or a small one?
- What color are her feathers?
- What kind of head, eyes, beak does it have?
- What kind of tail, legs, wings does the bird have?
- What does she eat?
Exercise 1.
Complete the sentences with adjectives.
1. One winter we went to the forest. It was quiet in (...) the forest. Everything is covered (...) with snow. There were (...) (...) fluffs in the (...) air. The branches were decorated with (...)frost. In this (...) (...) outfit, every branch seemed (...).
2. The view (...) of the forest is magnificent. Everything is covered (...) with snow. (...) the air is thin and burning. The snow covered (...) the trees and bushes. (...) (...) rays slide over them and sprinkle them (...) with shine. But now the frost begins to subside, and the brightness (...) of the sky fades. (...) a cloud covered the horizon.
Exercise 2.
Determine the category of the adjective.
Hare character; blue lampshade; wooden cornice; stone object; great character; yesterday's newspaper; Bear Den; voracious appetite; sad look; dangerous competition; goose feeder; Golden ring; beautiful evening; inclement weather; clear sky; favorite hero; talented artist; ringing voice; winter morning; fresh snow. Exercise 3.
Write out the phrases “Noun + adjective” from the text. Determine the category of adjectives. perform a morphological analysis of three adjectives.
Master Russian speech
You speak natively and speak smartly.
You don’t know Russian well, my baby!
Therefore listen to the poet, be diligent in future,
So that you can master the mighty Russian speech well.
This speech is full of grandeur, proud simplicity,
In her beautiful words there is wealth, the power of beauty.
Let’s say you travel to foreign countries by sea,
Do you want to show off your knowledge in front of your companions?
In conversations or arguments with friend or enemy
You will use the bold Russian language!
Therefore, you, frisky schoolboy, be more diligent in future!
You must speak Russian well.
(I. Grishashvili)
Exercise 4.
Read the text and complete the tasks.
The greatest3 wealth of a people is its language!<...>The apt and figurative Russian language is especially rich in proverbs. There are thousands, tens of thousands of them! As if on wings, they fly from century to century, from one generation to another, and the boundless distance to which this winged wisdom directs its flight is not visible...
The eras that gave rise to proverbs are different. The diversity of human relations is immeasurable, which are imprinted in well-known folk sayings and aphorisms. From the abyss of time, human joy and suffering, laughter and tears, love and anger, faith and unbelief, truth and falsehood, honesty and deception, hard work and laziness, the beauty of truths and the ugliness of prejudices have come to us in these clots of reason.<...>The publication of Russian proverbs, collected over several decades of the last century by dialectologist and writer V.I. Dahl, will serve the great and noble cause of studying the inexhaustible riches of our national3 culture, our great and mighty language. (According to M. A. Sholokhov)
Find adjectives in the text that belong to different categories.
From the first paragraph, write down the phrases “adj. + noun”, indicate the gender, number and case of the adjective.
Find cases of using an adjective as a modifier and as a predicate (determine the type of predicate).
Make a morphological analysis of the indicated words.
Exercises on the topic “Adjectives”
1. Write it down. Determine the category of adjectives.
Swan's pillow, swan's down, silver spoon, porcini mushroom, white handkerchief, old gramophone, old woman's cough, Pushkin's lyrics, pork fat, veal chop, veal skin, roast lamb, sheep's sheepskin coat, ram's horn, buttery pancake, oily rags, bear footprint , disservice, bear fur coat, bay horse, fawn color, red color, beige kimono, air mattress, brown sofa. 2. Copy by inserting the missing letters. Underline the adjectives and determine their category.
The whiteness of the snow made the paws turn even more green. The steam of the uneasy lowlands rose to the level of the tree peaks and crumbled on the birch branches. Countless showers of tiny beads sparkled on the sun. The frost slowly began to silver everything that had even a small amount of moisture. The forest river, which just yesterday was rushing towards the snowstorms, began to be crushed by silver teeth. Transparent ice confidently poured into the middle of the stream, compressing the current with an unbreakable armor. And everything around shone noisily, sparkled, sparkled. But, barely having time to warm up, our great luminary began to turn red and fall to the distant treetops. Purple dawn wings, moving into the depths of the darkening expanse, descended lower and lower. In the constellation Gemini, the awakened Mars, the god of the Roman pagans, the patron of wars and conflagrations, flashed its red eye. But this shine immediately disappeared, lost in the twinkling of countless stars. And now, near and distant clusters of stars hung over the world. Only the month, glowing brightly yellow, but still not (with, from) this light, seemed very close to the frosty forest ground. (According to V. Belov)
3. a) Indicate suffixes and endings in words. Use adjectives in the form R. p. unit. and many more h. as part of phrases.
Hot, veal, girlish, colonel, fresh, official, spring, bird, robber, blue, fish, badger, loud. b) Form possessive adjectives. Highlight the suffixes and endings in them. Write down words that cannot be formed into possessive adjectives.
Gardener, cabman, old woman, carpenter, carrier, boy, hunter, river, forester, turkey, landowner, cat, shoemaker, frog, cuckoo, mushroom picker, rags, depth, captain, hawthorn, blueberry. 4. Form adjectives from these nouns using the suffixes -chat-, -at-. Highlight the suffixes.
Freckle, shimmer, log, crumble, eyelash, cage, comb, paw, step, tile, explosion, bubble, knee, mesh, board, tooth, beam, oilcloth, pattern, mound. 5. Insert, where necessary, the suffixes -k- or -sk- and the missing letters. Explain the spelling of adjectives.
Kuban_iy, rebel_ii, flat, burglaz_iy, carpentry_iyi, June, bosya_i, San Franci_i, Kalmi_iy, candle_i, men, fish, near_y, Belarusian, Greziy Nut, Old Palace, Decembrist_Ie, Nationalist_Ian. Pilaf in the Caucasus_i, conspirators_ view, propaganda speech, nasty trick, slippery path, bumpy ride, knitted clay, tourist route, narrow path, sailor's cap, Hindu customs, rare shoes, speaks French, lyceum traditions, typesetter, Kyrgyz, lawyer, detective, Finnish , Nepalese, cadet, avant-garde, farm laborer, warrior, German, Turkish, Tungus, Russian, colonel, bureaucrat, journalist, Caspian, janitor, well done, archer, palace, savage, reformist, muzhik, Tajik, kulak.
6. From these words, form adjectives with the suffixes -k- or -sk-. Make up phrases.
Brother, Siberia, dare, Gomel, Slovak, Cossack, plane, Kazan, secretary, Circassian, hero, Dobrush, angel, healer, tramp, January, Yelets, miner, Prague, Czech, huntsman, post office, December, Yelsk, lieutenant, Ural, weaver, archer, amateur, knight, Zhitkovichi, Frenchman, adjutant, Tajik, military registration and enlistment office, fleet, slide, Volga region, Polesie, Los Angeles, man, Voznesensk, tourist, artist, Zalesye. 7. From these nouns, form the phrase “adjective + noun”. Highlight the suffixes of the adjectives. Sample: sailor's cap - sailor's cap.
Workers of Petrograd; uprising of the Streltsy; Poor People's Committee; aunt from Ryazan; King of Prussia; fortress in Brest; Gomel enterprises; ship from Kronstadt; decision of the deputy; schools in Khoiniki and Miloslavichy; sailor's cap; nuts from Greece; goods from Turkey; the situation that fools find themselves in; the labor of a barge hauler; bibliophiles club; solitude in a monastery; holidays in January; coachman's song; frosts in December; Arctic fox collar; spring water; suede gloves; loop route; red flag; brocade dress; walrus tusk; pear and plum jam; reed thickets; cherry plum compote; sealing wax seal; aluminum wire; shopping for pennies; cuckoo cry; old lady's step; lieutenant's shoulder straps; pacifist appeal; exclamation of an amateur; duties of an adjutant; courier from the post office; the publication; Circassian hat; Eskimo boat; the arrival of the abbot; pale face; Council under the President. 8. Form adjectives based on the combinations “preposition + noun”. Example: without joy - joyless.
Without initiative, without taste, without mercy, without impulse, without language, without counting, without wind, without seam, without bone, without consciousness, without alcohol, without compromise, without power, not without interest, without appeal, without meaning, without passions, before exams, before July, before an anniversary, between institutions. 9. Insert the missing letters, highlight the suffixes of the adjectives.
Buckwheat, field, industry; merciful, aluminum, raincoat, enamel, tulle, ensemble, envious, holy fool, beige, monastic, sweet, ardent, boyish, florid, goosey, enterprising, talkative, restless, helpful, thoughtful _vyy, involved; verbal, suede, appetizing, neat, wet, lilac; long, narrow, scarred, dapper, cautious, intricate, plump, gutta-percha, yeasty, ring-shaped, cheerful.
10. Insert the missing letters, highlight the suffixes of the adjectives.
Well done, log, furrowed, scaly, changeable, quartz, warty, accommodating, long, greek, gentle, stepped, passionate, folded, owl, quick-witted, bluish, matchy, foolish vyy, tentacle_vyy, suede_vyy, picky_vyy, ugly, stupid, thin, trout, calico, false, obsequious, bluish, fine, short, heavy, dapper, red, reddish, scarred, thoughtful, deceptive, shy, star-shaped, lamellar, cottony, helpful, annoying, merciful, satchel, stooped , publishing, carpentry, lattice, tiled, Transcaucasian, cabby, sapling, obsessive, shy, chunky, reddish, plush.
Exercises on the topic “Adjectives”
1. Write down the adjectives.
Explain your choice. wall, steel, grandfather, white, red, paint, mother, affectionate, warm, dear, steppe.
2. Determine the grammatical features of adjectives. Draw a conclusion: gender, number and case of an adjective depend on……. Big lump - …ch., ….genus,……p. big family - ...ch., ....genus,......p. big cat - ...ch., ....genus,......p. from a large cup - ...ch., ....genus,......p.
3. Compare the endings of adjectives. Explain the spelling of the endings of adjectives. summer (days) - summer (dress) days (which?) summer - dress (what?) summer
4. Write down the phrases. Highlight the endings. Determine the number, gender and case of the adjective. Blue.. (...) sky, blue.. (...) flowers, spring.. (...) sun, spring.. (...) days, autumn.. (...) leaves, autumn.. (...) bad weather, hot. (...) milk, hot.. (...) pies, top.. (...) place, top.. (...) branches, senior.. (...) brothers, senior.. (...) generation. 5. Write down the sentences. For adjectives, determine number, gender, case. Winter... the sun shines, but does not warm. But we still love these winter days. On the first floor of the school, young schoolchildren study. The younger generation of students is proud of their school. Vitya has a prickly... muffler and prickly... mittens. In the theater, our class got the back rows. Vasya sat in the very back seat.
6. Compare the endings of adjectives. Explain the spelling of the endings of adjectives. late (evening) - about a late visit in the evening (what?) late - about a visit (what?) late
7. Write down the phrases. Highlight the endings. Determine the number, gender and case of the adjective. Under the front.. (...) chair, in the front.. (...) corner, behind the next.. (...) house, about the next.. (...) store, best... (...) students, about the best.. (...) friend, on a long.. (...) hike, with a distant.. (...) relative, early.. (...) in the morning, in early.. (...) childhood, evening.. (...) by train, on an evening.. ( ...) session.
8. Write down the sentences. For adjectives, determine number, gender, case. In the evening it is useful to take a walk in the fresh air. The air smelled of fresh... bread. Kolya came in a New Year's suit and left with a New Year's gift.
9. Write down the sentences by inserting an adjective. Indicate its signs. …… (…………) tea should be drunk carefully. The patient had ………(……) cheeks. The mittens dried quickly on the ……….. (……) battery. Kolya didn’t like………. (……) milk. Words for reference: hot, hot, hot, hot.
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