Find out why so many people make the same mistake in search of their calling. If you know about this, then you will avoid a lot of unnecessary trouble and will not waste a lot of time and effort.
How to find your calling? A mega-popular topic these days. Many try to find it, but not everyone succeeds. What is the problem? Let's figure it out.
The first thing to learn: most books and seminars on finding a calling are purely motivational products. They are created specifically for inspiration and use the appropriate tricks and chips. Otherwise, these books and seminars would be of no interest to anyone.
Those who read such books get the impression that the vocation must be oh so cool and mega inspiring. At a minimum, it is a matter of a lifetime, and in some, special cases, a task of almost a global scale. It is not for nothing that vocation is synonymous with such pathos words as: purpose or even mission.
But calling can be quite small, quiet and inconspicuous. Or maybe not at all.
For example, if in this incarnation a person came to earth just to relax (hello, hippies and rastamans!). Although ... such a lifestyle can also be called a kind of vocation. The vocation of "nothing-do-not-do-and-just-live." Well, why not?
A person may not have a calling! Rather, his vocation is simply to live. And that's okay.
Causes of Difficulties in Finding a Calling
The first and main reason is the initially incorrect formulation of the question. It is wrong to try to find your specific role in society (profession, specialty, position, etc.), but to answer the question correctly: “What do I want from this life?”.
That is, in priority search your true desires. And it is difficult to find them because we have never been taught this.
Before looking for your calling, you should answer the question: “What do I want from this life?”
The second reason is incorrect prioritization. Many people think that they will be happy when they find their calling. In fact, everything is exactly the opposite: a person first becomes happy, and already on this wave he finds his calling. No options!
“Vocation is a consequence of success!”
That is, you first achieve success in something, this success inspires and pleases you. And this inspiration and joy is your calling at this moment in time (read below about the importance of the current moment). You enjoy, you are happy and you feel that it is yours.
The third reason is templates. A typical template of a modern person looking for his vocation: the desire for freedom and independence (including financial, preferably dimensionless), the desire to live an interesting and fulfilling life (vaguely imagining what it really is), the desire to travel and explore the world (general delusion , because the abstraction is 100%).
This implies the presence of a hassle-free and uncomplicated work of 2-4 hours a day, preferably on the Internet, so as not to be tied to a place, as well as a lot of free time for all sorts of entertainment (again, a complete abstraction, because there is no such experience available).
It certainly sounds beautiful and tempting. But all this is from the same opera as the absolutely abstract desires to have a villa, a Rolls-Royce, a yacht, an airplane, a beautiful wife and a tidy sum in a Swiss bank.
The absence of financial difficulties does not automatically make a person free and independent. It is a myth!
The problem is that many people simply don't understand what it really means to be "free and independent."
The absence of financial difficulties does not automatically make a person free and independent. It is a myth! And smart people understand this, or at least feel it. If this were the case, then all millionaires, by default, would be free and independent. All as one! But this is far from true.
The fourth reason is that most people grow up with no interest in anything at all! This interest, a priori inherent in every toddler, is consistently destroyed by a kindergarten, school, university, etc.
Education all over the world does not strive to grow a unique child out of every child, but gives out an average person capable of doing any kind of work.
Fifth reason - lack of energy. This does not allow you to correctly identify your true desires, and even if you define them, you do not have inspiration, strength and desire to follow them, since you have a low level of your own energy.
How to replenish your energy, read.
Misconceptions about the uniqueness of the vocation
The main prerequisite for the success of the search for one's vocation is identifying your true desires(see the first reason above).
A simple conclusion follows from the main premise:
The vocation cannot be the only one and for the rest of your life!
Firstly, a person, as a rule, has more than one single desire. There are hundreds and thousands of them, and they are constantly changing, new ones appear, old ones disappear, becoming irrelevant over time. We are constantly changing ourselves, becoming wiser, our priorities are changing, our outlook on life, etc.
Secondly, true desires do not have to be global at all. If my heel suddenly itches, then my current true desire is to scratch it well. At the moment this is my calling, no matter how stupid it may sound
Why is it really stupid? Maybe I'm getting a certain buzz? Moreover, I suddenly find that I have scratched some active point on my heel, and this unexpectedly gave me a burst of energy. Cool! I can repeat this experience and get high again. And then teach it to other people and make money from it! Well, why not a calling? :)
And each person can have hundreds and thousands of such vocations at any given time. Not without reason, among almost all the gurus who write books and conduct seminars on the topic of finding a calling, the same concept appears: be "here and now".
Because it is the awareness of yourself in the current moment that allows you to understand that any of your desires in this state is true, and following it is your calling at this moment in time.
Once again: awareness of yourself in the current moment allows you to understand that any desire you have in this state is true, and following it is your calling at this moment in time.
Thirdly, calling cannot be one thing "for the rest of your life."
We live in other times. Just a couple of centuries ago, a person was born almost immediately with a “vocation”, which was determined by his family, status and social origin. Born in a family of bakers - be a baker for you, born in a military family - be a soldier for you, born a king - go ahead, reign to your health.
Many people don't have these restrictions now. Be whoever you want, if you can.
In addition, the world is changing very quickly. New professions and interests arise, old ones go into oblivion. A person simply will not be able to do one thing for the next 30 - 40 years, unless he settles in the village and begins to sculpt clay pots. Well, you get the idea.
As you can see, there are enough problems with finding your calling. Otherwise, we would all have been in chocolate for a long time.
How to solve all these problems, read the following articles. I am sure you will find a lot of useful things for yourself, and not just incendiary phrases, which are enough for no more than a couple of days.
The school curriculum has different tasks and requirements. “The problem of choosing a profession”, an essay (USE), may become necessary for the performance of work for children of different ages. The task of parents is to tell their son or daughter how to express their thoughts correctly and in what order in order to receive high marks and praise from the teacher.
How to plan an essay
“The problem of choosing a profession” (essay, USE) can be written according to the following plan:
- Introductory part. It should briefly describe the essence of the essay and tell what will be discussed in the assignment.
- In the main part, describe in detail the reason for the problem of choosing your vocation and state your thoughts on how to choose your future profession.
- The conclusion of the essay should be conclusions, which will tell you how not to make a mistake with the choice of position, so as not to regret later.
Such a plan will help to reveal such a topic as “The problem of choosing a profession” (essay, USE). By adhering to the correct order of writing, the student will not miss important points and fully express his thoughts.
"The problem of choosing a profession" - essay (USE), short version
It is not necessary to express your thoughts in lengthy sayings. You can briefly describe thoughts without missing the main idea of the essay. When a teacher teaching Russian asks the essay "The problem of choosing a profession" to be written home (as homework, not an essay for the exam), it can be as follows:
"Today, one can often hear how difficult it is to choose the right position for a full-fledged future. I believe that the main problem is the influence of third parties on the choice. Parents most often choose faculties that are prestigious and in demand. At the same time, the opinion of the applicant himself is not always taken into account .
To choose the profession that will really bring pleasure, you need to understand yourself. First of all, you need to consider what position you would like to devote your life to. Work, as you know, should please and inspire. That is why you should consider where the heart lies. No profession will bring the desired if the duties are performed through force, without zeal and enthusiasm.
Personally, when I choose my profession, I plan to discuss my interests with my parents. I am sure that mom and dad will gladly take my side and support my desire."
Such an essay, despite its brevity, conveys the main idea that needs to be stated in the story. Such work can be written not only as homework, but also as an essay for the exam.
Detailed essay-reasoning "The problem of choosing a profession" for schoolchildren
There are students who prefer to express their thoughts in detail. For them, the “Problem of choosing a profession” (essay, USE) may be as follows:
"It is very important to choose the right vocation for yourself. Sometimes a person cannot decide what business he wants to devote his life to. It is misunderstanding of oneself that is the main reason for the problem of choosing a profession among the inhabitants of the globe.
I have a living example when, due to the wrong choice of position, a person wasted a significant period of his life. Our neighbor all his life, starting from the school desk, was very fond of drawing. Talent was noticeable at an early age. For some reason, when it came time to go to college, his parents chose the Faculty of Economics for him. To find a decent job, the neighbor decided to become an accountant. Figures, calculations, reports - all this was a heavy burden on the shoulders of a man. He did not see himself in this area, so he often encountered problems in the process of activity. In the evenings he continued to paint.
One day, an incident happened that changed his life. The company where he worked as an accountant announced a talent competition. Without hesitation, the man brought his best work. Every single employee was shocked by the magnificent creations. One of my colleagues had a friend who worked in a framing workshop and was just looking for a good artist to promote and hold exhibitions around the world. It was then that the finest hour of our flatmate came. The man has changed. He smiles all the time, his eyes show inspiration and zeal to achieve goals. It is not surprising, because a person should do what he loves, only then he will achieve heights.
Inspired by his story, I realized that I don’t need to follow the lead of my parents and grandparents. They certainly want the best for us. However, our opinion must be decisive. If there are talents and hobbies, then, starting from them, you need to choose a future profession. Betting on prestigious faculties will not lead to anything good if a person does not like to do what the profession requires.
This essay is suitable for children of school age. Expanded, with live examples, it will allow you to get a good assessment and fully express your thoughts.
In the text proposed for analysis by V.V. Shahidzhanyan raises the problem of finding a calling. That's what he's thinking about.
This problem of a social nature cannot but excite modern man.
The writer reveals this problem, reflecting on the fact that each person needs to choose not just a profession, but a vocation that will inspire him to do work with his soul, that is, a person will be passionate about his work, and will not complain to others about how hard it is for him to cope with his official duties and how he hates his work: "The main thing is to love, know your business and treat it with enthusiasm. Then recognition comes to the vocation. Three conditions for good work: love, know and be fond of business."
And the writer also talks about the fact that it is not so easy to find the work of your life and get recognition in it: for this you need to try, make efforts, achieve goals, because not everything works out the first time, so you need to try to make attempts, even if they bring errors: "Not everything and not everyone succeeds at once.
The famous clown Leonid Yengibarov has been looking for himself for more than ten years. Trial and error, error and trial. Achieved! Yes, you need to be able to achieve, be able to defend yourself.
The author's position is clear: V.V. Shakhidzhanyan comes to the conclusion that if each person finds his calling, then many problems of modern society will be solved, people's lives will improve. Shakhidzhanyan also believes that it is better to spend your time looking for your own business, making mistakes and correcting them, helping others find their calling, than to remain dissatisfied with an unloved job until the end of old age.
I fully agree with the position of the author and also believe that the time spent searching for oneself will never become wasted time, it will definitely pay off, on the contrary, the time spent on an unloved but well-paid job, an unloved business, shortens a person’s life, brings nothing but discontent.
One example is the statement of Maxim Gorky, with which it is impossible not to agree: "You need to love what you do. Then labor, even the roughest, rises to creativity." If you choose your profession correctly, find a calling, then work will not be a burden, will not become a heavy burden, but will bring inspiration and joy.
This problem is reflected in the literature. Another example is the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" Before meeting Woland at the Patriarch's Ponds, Ivan Bezdomny was a member of MASSOLIT and a poet who wrote poems on given topics. Once in the psychiatric clinic of Dr. Stravinsky, he meets the Master and understands his mediocrity, understands that his poems are terrible. Ivan Bezdomny refuses to write poetry. Then he becomes Ivan Nikolaevich Ponyrev - an employee of the Institute of History and Philosophy, a professor.
Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: it is not easy to find your calling, so you need to look for the work that you like.
Updated: 2017-02-23
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The vocation is determined by the following components:
- Talent and ability- this is what a person has a natural predisposition to. The more opportunities you had for all-round development as a child, the more likely you were to bring out your core talents. The system is designed so that with age we have less and less opportunities for development: we are given a fixed period to find ourselves, and then we move in the cycle of study and work. If you did not have time to identify your talents earlier, you will have to spend time and energy on it now. Each person has a set of abilities, but the problem is that not everyone knows about their talents and not all talents can be turned into a favorite thing.
- Interests and hobbies This is what a person likes to do the most. As a rule, our hobbies are closely related to talents and abilities: we love to do exactly what we are good at, and it gets better precisely because we train more and more in an interesting business for us. Gradually, we become noticeably better than others in an interesting business and love to do it more and more. But it happens in another way: we do something for which there is no natural predisposition, but we train so much that we develop our abilities and competencies in this area.
- Skills, knowledge and skills- this is education, work experience, personal characteristics of a person - in a word, everything that can be used in work in the relevant field to achieve results. If you went to university for the first specialty that came across and work in an unloved job, your knowledge, skills and abilities are not related to your vocation. At the same time, you can know and be able to do quite a lot in areas of interest to you, and it is worth looking for a calling there.
- What is demanded by the market- these are current topics, specialties and areas of activity. If you followed the advice of your parents, then most likely you chose a popular, in-demand specialty, however, if it is not close to you, you are unlikely to succeed in it. There are exceptions: people achieve success in areas that are not interesting to them, but they feel miserable. As a rule, in almost every field there are ways to monetize talent, you just have to set yourself such a goal.
The intersection of two or three circles is not capable of giving a result sufficient to find a vocation, and only the sphere of the intersection of all four circles - the combination of natural abilities, interest, knowledge and skills, as well as the possibility of commercializing your activity - will ensure success. It is not necessary to become the best in your field: you can create a unique market in which you have no competitors yet, and succeed in it.
How to find a calling?
Since success lies at the intersection of the four components of the vocation, development within each of them is the key to achieving results.
1. Reveal talents and abilities
To find your calling, you first need to determine what talents and abilities you have. What can be done for this?
- Remember what you most liked to do as a child, what you were praised for and in what area you felt most confident in yourself;
- Think about how you preferred to spend your free time as a student;
- Find out from friends and acquaintances why they communicate with you and what, from their point of view, are your main advantages.
Be attentive to everything that you remember and what your loved ones say: perhaps it is in the little things that the key to your vocation lies. Analyze the information received and determine your strengths in terms of natural talents. If you are having problems at this stage, you may not have been able to identify them as a child, and you need to start developing now.
2. Determine the range of interests
Talents and interests often overlap, because people like to do exactly what they are good at. However, it happens differently: a person does not have outstanding abilities for anything, however, due to the fact that he develops enthusiastically in some area, his abilities grow. How to define the circle of interests? Answer the following questions.
- What activities do you prefer to spend your free time on?
- Literature on what topics do you prefer to read?
- If your financial issues were resolved, how would you spend your free time after the first euphoria of idleness and idleness has passed?
- What do you like to buy and are ready to choose in stores for hours?
- What are you dreaming about?
- Without what 10 goals would your life be in vain?
Write down the results and try to correlate with the talents and abilities that were recorded at the previous stage. Try the most unexpected and different combinations. Have you always had an innate taste and love children? - Consider opening a children's clothing store. Did you do well at school essays, do you love fiction and can't go a day without a line? - Consider writing your own book, etc.
3. Get skills, knowledge and skills
It’s great if you studied at a university in the same specialty in which you work and feel that this is your calling. But it doesn't happen that often. If you have identified your core talent and interest, but do not have deep enough knowledge and skills, you are unlikely to succeed. Determine what kind of education and work experience you need in your field of interest and make a plan that will allow you to become a true professional in your field.
4. Determine market needs
In the modern world, there is no longer a clear division into professions and specialties, as it once was. Each profession has many facets, and in order to find a calling, you need to meet the needs of the market, otherwise your work, even if it is talented, will not be in demand. Within the identified abilities and interests, having the necessary knowledge and skills, determine how you can meet the needs of the market.
If you find a balance between all four elements - talent, interests, knowledge and the market - you can find your calling and become much happier.
Every kind of labor consists of special combinations of reactions inherent in it. If one profession differs from another in some way, it is not by the general character of its psychological composition, but by the quality and sequence of individual reactions included in it. Therefore, it is extremely easy to decompose any professional work into some initial constituent elements, i.e. reduce all labor activity to a series of reactions of known types and to their combination.
It is extremely important to establish the suitability of a person for the relevant profession. This is required in the interests not only of the cause, but also of the proper development of the personality; from both points of view and began to approach the resolution of this issue. Initially, psychotechnics arose from the interests of the correct organization of the enterprise and put forward the practical tasks of the so-called negative selection.
Her task was to select, through a psychological test, out of all candidates for a job, those who were definitely unsuitable, those who would not be able to cope with it and would only slow down the enterprise. Depending on this, all the attention of psychotechnics was directed at first to the development of such minimum requirements, the non-observance of which would be tantamount to the unsuitability of the given subject for this work. Then the range of interests of this scientific area expanded: they began to engage not only in negative, but also in positive selection, i.e. such psychological tests that made it possible to judge not only about worthlessness, but also about the positive degree of giftedness and vocation for the profession. Depending on this, instead of working out a minimum of necessary and sufficient requirements, psychology had to draw up a detailed psychogram of each type of work, i.e. a comprehensive psychological analysis of the components of this type of labor. Such a psychological analysis of the most diverse types of professional /284/ labor can be based on the general typical range of labor processes, i.e. the establishment of some basic types under which the whole variety of different professions can be summed up.
In the range of labor reactions, according to Kornilov's scheme, several types of labor processes are distinguished.
In the foreground is the natural type of labor processes, which corresponds to such professions that do not require either intensive physical work or intensive mental labor. Such are the professions of domestic servants, technical servants, porters, watchmen, cleaners, and so on. In all these professions, labor reactions are made up of a series of movements more or less familiar to each of us in our daily life. The working conditions are such that all of it proceeds more or less routinely and automatically, without requiring increased attention. Finally, the most important thing is that professional work almost always proceeds in a more or less unconstrained and natural state, requiring no special exertion of strength and no special speed from the worker. To such natural types of labor processes, of course, it is easiest to make a psychotechnical selection, since although each of the workers exhibits a certain natural inclination to one type of reaction or another, he can easily cope with the tasks of work.
More difficult is the work of the second type, the so-called muscular-labor processes, which require concentrated attention not on the object of work, but mainly on one's own movements. This work requires huge muscular tension and a significant “peripheral energy expenditure from the performers. Such, for example, is the profession of quarries, blacksmiths, miners, hammerers, woodcutters, etc.
Already here, the psychotechnical requirements quite accurately and clearly point to such temperaments that would contribute to the manifestation of a muscular and energetic type of reaction. In other words, phlegmatic and sanguine people are people who are accustomed to a weak reaction, i.e. to a slight release of energy during their actions, they will find themselves out of place in the role of such workers, and more importantly, in a serious conflict with the basic inclinations of their own organism, if, according to the conditions of life, they still have to perform such work.
The most suitable of the two remaining types will have to be recognized as a melancholy type of behavior and temperament, since the slowness of his perceptions guarantees a certain accuracy, indefatigability, calmness and emphasis in work. And the enormous force of each movement guarantees the desired effect. On the other hand, choleric people, who extinguish as quickly as they ignite, work less hard and with restraint in this respect.
The third type of labor processes can be conditionally designated as sensory and characterized by opposite features than the previous one. Here attention is concentrated mainly on /285/ the object of work, and the reaction is required as an indispensable condition for a minimum external release of energy, but an extremely slow and complex perception of external stimuli. Such professions cover the work of watchmakers, mechanics, turners, tailors, etc.
Again, it is obvious that the type of temperament that is most suitable for this type of work is characterized by precisely these traits, i.e. response is slow and weak. Phlegmatic people can be good watchmakers and good tailors with a much greater right to success than everyone else.
For this type of profession, as was established long before psychotechnics by simple observation, people with an unsuitable warehouse of reaction turn out to be especially disastrous. Thus, there are people who are so accustomed to energetic, strong movement that, with a generally completely sufficient intellectual development, they are not able to master, for example, the art of repairing watches for a number of years: they will certainly bend or not bend the spring, they will not be able to moderate their movement and to give it that graceful and subtle weakness that makes it the only thing useful and effective in work. In this sense, ordinary observation coincides with psychotechnical data. There are people who cannot be entrusted with washing a glass, because they generally do not know how to hold anything fragile and brittle in their hands.
The fourth type of labor processes should be called those that require a reaction of a complex type, the so-called discrimination reaction. Such is the work of a typesetter in a printing house: before making a working movement, he must make an exact distinction between a number of stimuli on the type sheet and in the type box, and react no sooner than this distinction is made accurately and reliably. It is obvious that suitability for this type of labor processes cannot be unambiguously determined by one sign of a temperamental warehouse alone, as we did above for all professions of a simpler kind.
The reaction is complicated here due to the central process, so much so that in order to take into account the effect of work, a much greater role than the elementary properties of the reaction found in temperament is played by the flow of such complex central processes as thinking, attention, etc. Depending on the variety of people and their different suitability in relation to these professions, they must be characterized by a much more complex scheme than that temperamental four-tail, with the help of which the most rude psychotechnical selection is made. Here we enter into the sphere of action of such complex mechanisms, the work of which belongs rather to the sphere of character than temperament, i.e. educated and acquired reactions, rather than hereditary.
Therefore, as a general rule, equally applicable to all subsequent types, the position can be taken: persons of all temperaments / 286 / are able to be equally suitable for this kind of profession, depending on the work of more complex mechanisms that make up the character.
However, even here it is possible to indicate the greatest probability of professional suitability, all other things being equal, for those persons whose reaction proceeds slowly and weakened, since the sensory moment undoubtedly undergoes a significant increase in such professions, and the motor moment is relatively indifferent to the final effect of the work. Yet usually the reaction in a weak flow is more closely associated with increased thought and directed attention than otherwise.
By the way, this rule, in general, expresses the tendency of human labor, which more and more passes from the forms of a huge and wasteful release of psychic energy to weak, but complex and intelligent reactions. Therefore, the general pedagogical rule says: if you want to teach a child the proper reactions for higher forms of labor, teach him weak movements, because weak movements are the most “smart”, this remains true for this case.
In fifth place are labor processes of the type of choice, which require the distinction of stimuli in the process of not only perception, but also the response movement. In work of this type, before performing any action, it is necessary to make an accurate account and distinction of two moments: irritation and response.
Such professions include the work of a driver, a machinist, a carriage driver, a copyist on a typewriter, a pilot, etc. The driver needs to accurately perceive the objects in front of him in the path of the car, but it is even more important to make the right unmistakable choice between turning the motor handle to the right and to the left between braking and boosting movement. Here we get, as it were, a double distinction, or reaction of choice in its purest form.
At the same time, the moment of quick response acquires significant importance, since it is far from indifferent at what speed braking or disengagement occurs at the sight of danger, at what speed the typist will keep up with the text dictated to her, at what instant the pilot will react by turning the steering wheel to the slightest tilting of the device.
When analyzing elementary temperamental properties, we will not get a sufficiently clear answer to the question of the suitability of this or that person, but again we must postpone this decision until a more accurate analysis of complex behavioral reactions. However, here is outlined the general path along which we must arrive at a correct solution of the problem. This path consists in an experimental study of the type of reactions required for a given profession. In other words, if we are dealing with the reaction of a car driver or a pilot, the essence of whose work lies in the reaction of choice, we must each time test how the choice reaction proceeds, with what speed /287/ and intensity, in a given subject. And it is quite clear that if we have two persons in front of us who are equal in all other respects, but one of them produces a reaction of choice quickly, i.e. responds with the necessary and correct movement to a correctly understood irritation in 0.12-0.13 s, and the other in 0.16-0.18 s, the first is more suitable for this work.
In sixth place are labor processes of the type of recognition, which require as a preliminary condition for the reaction of recognition of one or another stimulus unknown to the worker in advance. The difference of this type from simple discrimination lies only in the fact that discrimination presupposes the entire group of possible stimuli known in advance, while recognition deals with an indefinite and enormous number of stimuli that cannot be taken into account in advance. Such, for example, is the work of a proofreader who has to make a move not earlier than he notices and recognizes this or that error in the printed text. At the same time, it is clear that this work will differ from the work of a compositor only in that the compositor deals with a predetermined number of letter elements, the proofreader can never foresee what kind of error he will encounter.
Finally, in last place should be placed the most complex labor processes of the type of associations, to which the intellectual professions are closest, where the most diverse operations are required from the worker on a given material with the help of free or limited associations, or when it is necessary to carry out the work of mental selection in the direction of once accepted tasks. These types of processes are among the most complex and, naturally, the most complex method of psychotechnical research is needed to determine suitability for them.
The general result of such psychotechnical research can be reduced to one rule, which is formulated by Kornilov approximately as follows: any transition from the peripheral expenditure of energy to the central one takes place with greater difficulty than the reverse process. Or otherwise, the transition from mental work to physical work is always much easier than the reverse process - the transition from physical work to mental work.
The pedagogical significance of psychotechnics is not exhausted, of course, by the elementary analysis given above; however, it is completely sufficient to get a general idea of the psychotechnical problem in pedagogy and of the main methods of its solution.
It must be borne in mind that the content of this problem is not limited to the definition of professional suitability, but plays a much more significant role in the process of training and education. This approach allows us to monitor how successfully the reactions of our students are developing and nurturing in the /288/ direction that we have chosen as the goal of influences. Thus, in psychotechnics, we have a preliminary adviser and an authoritative judge at the beginning and end of the educational process, which allow us to answer not only the question of whether it is worth teaching a given student a given profession, but also the question of whether a given student has learned this profession.
In addition, psychotechnics is a constant companion and leader in our educational process, which every day can show with objective accuracy in what position the reactions we educate are, what has already been achieved and what should be achieved, which aspects of these reactions, in what sequence should serve subject of our care and our educational care.
It should be noted that in the usual sense, the psychotechnical problem acquires a rather narrow and limited meaning, because, they say, life is far from being exhausted by the choice of profession. Education has broader tasks than the development of a professional. In the end, it often turns out to be indifferent what profession a given person chooses, as long as he represents a developed and complete personality.
Such a view, since it proceeds from a low assessment of the choice of labor, is the most harmful legacy of the old school, which directed the main goals of education "somewhere far away", to the ideals of a harmoniously developed and perfect personality that are not feasible anywhere on earth, beat past labor and, depending on this organized life here, close by, in the most ugly and mediocre way.
This predetermined and sanctioned the fundamental failure of each pupil, who was not being prepared for the life that he actually lived, and for him the real life was declared indifferent, and no other life turned out to be impossible and inaccessible. This fundamental failure in life usually took the form of a life drama, dissatisfaction with one's own work, loss of the meaning of life and all those features that characterized the mental make-up of a Russian intellectual of the recent past, a typical student of such a school.
The emptiness and lack of content of distant and abstract ideals were associated with the shame and limitations of petty-bourgeois existence, and labor, which determines the most important aspects of personal existence, was doomed to the most humiliating, inhuman and slavish forms. Therefore, from the point of view of labor education, it is necessary to regard the question of professional suitability in a completely different way. From a secondary and secondary question of a purely practical nature, one has to make of paramount importance the general theoretical question of those individual concrete goals that can be set in the education of each individual student.
When we move from general pedagogical reasoning and views to the thought of a particular student, to concern for a single /289/ personality, we will certainly move from purely pedagogical problems to psychotechnical problems. Thus, the problem of psychotechnics covers almost completely the problem of individual pedagogy, but it will have to be discussed separately in the chapter on the study of giftedness and taking into account the individual characteristics of each of the students.
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