Agriculture and industry are the two main types of material production. The main tasks of agricultural production are the cultivation of cultivated plants and the breeding of animals in order to obtain food and raw materials for industry. To solve these problems, the most important natural resources are used: land, water, electricity, plants and animals, as well as agricultural machinery. Agriculture is divided into two sectors: crop production and livestock production.
Crop production provides the country's population with food, animals with plant feed, and many industries with raw materials. Plant growing includes field growing, vegetable growing, fruit growing, viticulture, meadow growing, forestry and floriculture.
Livestock farming provides the population with food and livestock, light industry with raw materials, and crop production with organic fertilizers. The livestock industry is divided into cattle breeding, pig farming, poultry farming, sheep farming, horse breeding, beekeeping, fish farming and other sectors.
Crop production and livestock production as branches of agriculture are closely related. They comprehensively (jointly) solve the problems of increasing the quality and quantity of the harvest, increasing milk production, animal weight gain, etc. The use of certain technological operations, modern technology, and scientific achievements makes it possible to solve these problems more successfully.
Agricultural technologies are otherwise called agricultural (from the Latin “agrarius” - land).
Agricultural technologies are a set of techniques in crop and livestock production aimed at increasing plant productivity, increasing livestock production, and also improving the quality of all agricultural products. Agricultural technologies include technological operations for preparing seeds for planting and sowing, caring for plants, a system for protecting them from pests and diseases, methods of harvesting, storing them, etc.
Agricultural technologies provide for the widespread use of agricultural machinery and a reduction in the share of manual labor in production. For this purpose, various agricultural equipment is used in the fields: tractors, surface tillage tools (ploughs, harrows, cultivators), seeding and harvesting combines, sprayers, etc. Small-sized equipment can be used on personal plots, summer cottages and school plots.
Leading specialists in agricultural production are agronomists, animal engineers, veterinarians and mechanical engineers. They are helped to carry out work in crop production by master field growers, gardeners, vegetable growers, flower growers, and in livestock farming by masters of machine milking. All technical operations in the fields and livestock farms are performed by machinists of various profiles and other workers and agricultural specialists.
New concepts
Plant growing: field growing, vegetable growing, fruit growing, viticulture and meadow growing, forestry and floriculture; livestock farming: cattle breeding, pig farming, poultry farming, sheep farming, horse breeding, beekeeping, fish farming; agricultural technologies.
Control questions
- What does agricultural production provide for people?
- What types of crop production are divided into? Animal husbandry?
- How are crop production and livestock production related?
- What is agricultural technology?
Heat or, conversely, excessively heavy and prolonged rains in summer, abnormal snowfalls or lack of minimal snow cover in winter - such phenomena are now far from uncommon. But these natural anomalies directly affect the cultivation and production of food necessary to provide for the population of our country.
Only accurate knowledge and effective use of modern food manufacturing technologies will increase the production of quality food, while categorically excluding the use of dangerous gene mutations.
Fundamentals of agricultural technology
Agricultural (agricultural) technologies represent the interrelation of methods and techniques in animal husbandry and crop production that increase the productivity of agricultural crops, increase the number of livestock while maintaining and improving the quality of the products produced.
Special technological procedures for preparing seeds for sowing, optimal methods of caring for plants, their maximum protection from diseases and various pests, effective methods of harvesting and storing crops - all this is agricultural technology.
Agricultural industrial construction: technologies and machines
The development strategy for agro-industrial construction provides for the expansion of component production, large-scale investments in technology and R&D. Particular attention is paid to improving the technical level of agricultural machinery and equipment.
In construction, preference is given to creating complex structures of a full cycle from cultivation to delivery of the finished product. This is done by introducing modern high-tech equipment for the production and processing of vegetables and fruits, meat of large animals and poultry, grain and vegetable oil, pasta, dairy products and juices.
Modern agricultural technologies
Modern and progressive agricultural technologies require a constant reduction in the percentage of manual labor and extensive use of various types of agricultural machinery. This can be large-sized equipment - sprayers, tractors, cultivators, plows, combine harvesters, harrows.
In small cultivated areas (dacha and garden plots), small-sized devices can also be used.
Agricultural production specialists - livestock specialists, veterinarians, mechanics, field growers, gardeners, vegetable growers, driver-mechanizers.
New agricultural technologies
Today, agriculture strives to use innovative technologies, which include the creation of new improved varieties of seeds, methods of raising domestic animals, the invention of innovative methods for processing and disposal of agricultural waste, and the production of effective and safe fertilizers.
It is very important that the state, agricultural universities, institutions for the development and improvement of agriculture, and finally business, jointly create such conditions for the growth of the agricultural sector so that all the latest achievements in this area would ensure the country’s competitive ability.
Agricultural technologies of the future
Nowadays, genomic analysis technologies, used for plant and animal breeding and for quality control of grown products, have deservedly received effective development. Therefore, the development of domestic breeding centers in crop and livestock production is of great importance.
In our country there has been a huge breakthrough in the field of precision farming (a strict relationship between the level of soil fertility and the amount of fertilizer applied), because we have the latest developments in the field of space and satellite technologies. This is a huge advantage for our country.
In addition, the soil analysis carried out by scientists over the past 7 years clearly presented the dynamics of improvement and deterioration of fertility in different areas.
Of course, there are enough problems in the agricultural sector, but their solution is seen in a more rational and careful use of natural resources and in improving the culture of land use.
The development of:
- genetic engineering;
- soil conservation treatment;
- organic and precision farming;
- homobiotic turnover;
- chemicalization.
Currently, research is actively continuing to create new, improved in all respects, species of plants and animals, to optimize and improve forms of farming.
Agricultural technologies at the exhibition
The Agroprodmash exhibition of promising technologies and equipment in the field of agriculture shows the achievements of hundreds of companies from dozens of countries around the world.
The exhibition provides a real opportunity to communicate and interact with representatives and managers of leading enterprises.
In addition, each participant can familiarize himself with clearly presented information on the implementation of specific specialized solutions at enterprises.