Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
MKOU Kalacheevskaya Gymnasium No. 1 Project work on the topic: “Diversity of the nature of the native land” Completed by: students of 3 “B” class Supervisor: Kotlyarova T.P. 2014-2015 school year. year
2 slide
Slide description:
The goals of the project: - to form in students ideas about the diversity of the nature of their native land, - to introduce them to the characteristics of groups of animals and plants, - to foster a sense of responsibility for all living things that surround us, - to develop logical thinking, imagination, observation, - to promote a caring attitude towards the surrounding world, the development of moral and aesthetic qualities
3 slide
Slide description:
Objectives: - to study the flora and fauna of our native land, - to systematize knowledge about medicinal plants, - to cultivate a sense of responsibility for all living things that surrounds us, a sense of love for nature, - to raise the level of consciousness among students towards purity in nature, - to cultivate a sense of pride for our beloved Motherland, - to develop attention and intelligence
4 slide
Slide description:
Native land The city of Kalach is located at the place where two small rivers of the Don basin - Podgornaya and Tolucheevka - merge. The lands of the Kalacheevsky district are located on the Kalacheevskaya Upland in the southeastern part of the Voronezh region. The climate is temperate, with an average annual temperature of + 6.2 C. The average annual precipitation is 350-400 millimeters. This is one and a half times less than the regional average. The area belongs to the steppe zone. The soils are represented by ordinary chernozems interspersed with solonchaks.
5 slide
Slide description:
6 slide
Slide description:
7 slide
Slide description:
Hedgehog Approximately fifteen million years ago, hedgehogs appeared on our planet. Most of them have tails. It is short - only three centimeters, and is invisible because it hides under the needles. A hedgehog has approximately ten thousand spines. They are gradually updated every three years. The needles take a long time to grow, about a year. By nature, hedgehogs are blind, although they are able to distinguish colors. However, they have a keen sense of smell and incredibly acute hearing. There are thirty-six teeth in the mouth, and like humans, they can fall out as we age.
8 slide
Slide description:
Crayfish Crayfish have 6 pairs of limbs. It moves in such a way that it always rests on four pairs of legs. Crayfish claws are formidable weapons. The captured victim will no longer escape from the claw. Crayfish can shed. They shed their chitinous cover, renew their gills and internal organs. The female carries crustaceans on her belly (in the form of eggs) for 8 months. Crayfish breathe through their skin gills (other crustaceans breathe over the entire surface of their body). The eyes of crayfish consist of many individual ocelli. Their vision is mosaic (mosaic). Cancer can move its eyes, but not its head.
Slide 9
Slide description:
Cabbage butterfly This beautiful light butterfly can be seen on the edges, meadows, and gardens. These light creatures of nature rise into the sky to a height of 20 - 70 meters, and can reach a decent speed of 20 - 30 km/h. Body length 30 mm, covered with fine hairs, consists of head, chest and abdomen. She has 6 legs, each leg has two sharp claws. The jaws are a proboscis twisted into a spiral. When she drinks flower nectar, her proboscis straightens and her eyes are large. The long pair of antennae are very sensitive. Vision and smell are well developed. Cabbage has two pairs of wings covered with scales. It feeds on the nectar of flowers, no harm to our nature. But its offspring are a disaster for gardeners. During the season, the female lays eggs 2-3 times. She will lay about 100 eggs and fly away, no longer thinking or caring about the offspring. After a week, caterpillars emerge from the eggs. They eat the juicy pulp of the leaves. It will remain in caterpillar state for 2–4 weeks. Birds are reluctant to peck cabbage caterpillars because they secrete a poisonous secretion for protection.
10 slide
Slide description:
Woodpecker Woodpeckers are black birds with red spots on the head and belly. They have a flexible tongue almost the same length as the beak. At the beginning of March, the woodpecker starts knocking on a tree and attracts a female. They do not build nests, but hollow out hollows. They lay from 2 to 8 eggs in them, which will lie on the dust at the bottom of the hollow. The parents take turns sitting on the eggs. The chicks are fed very often. They quickly fly from tree to tree and take out food from under the bark, using their beaks to reach the passages in which larvae and insects are located. With a long tongue covered with brushes and soaked in sticky saliva, the woodpecker easily takes prey out of these passages. In winter it feeds on seeds of coniferous trees. To extract seeds, a woodpecker hollows out a small depression in a tree trunk, places a plucked cone in it, then peels it, removing the seeds, and throws the empty one away. It is believed that he removes 100 cones per day, and over the winter several thousand cones will lie near this place. In the spring, they hollow out birch trees and drink the sap. At the end of summer they feed on ripened berries.
11 slide
Slide description:
Toad It is the largest toad found in Europe. The body is wide, the eyes are orange, the pupils are horizontal. The skin glands secrete a small amount of poison, which is not at all dangerous to humans. They feed on invertebrates, including insects and their larvae. It grabs prey with its sticky tongue. When in danger, the gray toad rises on its paws and takes on a threatening appearance. However, the movement of the toad on the surface of the earth occurs by walking, and not by jumping. The toad uses jumping only in a discouraged state, when, in its opinion, danger is present and is active towards it. For example, in a calm state, a toad moves through the mowing or through the fallow area exclusively by walking. Seeing a larger animal, the toad freezes. When you try to touch it, it starts jumping.
12 slide
Slide description:
HORSE HARE The brown hare is quite large, its body is up to 70 cm long, and it weighs from 4 to 7 kg. Its summer color is gray, slightly brownish, its coat is shiny and silky. Winter fur is slightly lighter than summer fur. The hare sheds in spring and autumn. The hare loves open spaces: fields, meadows, edges, clearings, clearings. Rarely lives in coniferous forests. It is found near rivers, in ravines near grain fields and near villages (especially in winter). Hares are usually active at dusk and at night. During the day it lies in shallow holes under a bush, behind a fallen tree or in a haystack. It can rest in abandoned burrows of badgers, foxes and marmots. The hare runs fast, its speed is up to 50 km/h on a straight road. Confuses tracks. He can swim quite well. Like all hares, hare are quiet animals: they only utter a piercing cry when they are caught or wounded. The female calls the hares, making quiet sounds. And the hare beats his paws like a drum. They feed on shoots, bark of trees and shrubs, seeds, grass, and in the fields - sunflowers, buckwheat, vegetables, and watermelons. Brown hares live 5-7 years, some up to 10. Hares are hunted by foxes, wolves, lynxes, eagles and, of course, people. Hunters exterminate hares in large numbers, so now there are not as many brown hares as before. Hares also die because they eat crops in the fields treated with pest poisons. Scientists call for more careful treatment of these animals.
Slide 13
Slide description:
Grasshopper Grasshoppers are among the most ancient orders of insects, they evolved approximately 300 million years ago. A distinctive feature of grasshoppers is their very long antennae, exceeding the length of the body. The front pair of wings are transformed into leathery elytra. The left elytra is on top of the right. Females have an ovipositor, elongated and laterally flattened. And male grasshoppers are able to chirp by rubbing their raised wing covers against each other. The bases of the elytra contain elements of the sound apparatus. Raising its elytra, the grasshopper quickly vibrates them, increasing the sound power of the chirping. When a grasshopper raises its wings higher, its chirping sounds lower in tone, but louder. The sounds produced by males indicate that the territory is occupied or serve to attract females. Grasshoppers are predators; they feed on other small insects, such as the Colorado potato beetle and butterfly caterpillars, which makes them useful to humans. However, they can also cause some harm, since they also consume plant foods and eat the buds and young leaves of cultivated plants. They overwinter in the soil in the egg phase, laid in small groups or singly. In spring, larvae hatch from the eggs. They develop in 50-70 days, passing through 5-7 instars. Grasshoppers inhabit inconvenient areas overgrown with weeds and shrubs, usually the slopes of foothills and ravines.
Slide 14
Slide description:
Mole Moles are small underground animals with a body length from 4 to 20 cm. Their coat color ranges from black to dark gray. Moles' fur grows straight, which allows them to move freely underground in any direction. They weigh from 8 to 160 grams. Vision is weak, in some species the eyes are completely covered with skin, but the sense of touch and smell is very well developed. The mole digs the ground with its front paws and, unlike mice and other rodents, does not gnaw the ground with its front incisors, so it lives in places with soft soil. Moles feed on earthworms, chafers, and pupae of various butterflies. In search of food, they make long passages in the ground (at a depth of 0.5 to 2 meters) and can dig up to 60 meters of underground galleries in a day. In search of food, moles damage the roots of trees and various crops, in connection with this people try to fight them with chemical means, thereby killing these cute and useful animals (the benefit of moles is that they loosen the soil, promoting its moistening and aeration , and also destroy a large number of pests).
15 slide
Slide description:
Mosquito Mosquitoes are insects with a thin body, long legs and narrow transparent wings. None of the groups of dipterans has such a perfect blood-sucking weapon as mosquitoes. In total, there are about 2000 species in the mosquito family. In swampy areas, these insects chase animals and humans in clouds, inflicting painful injections with their long proboscis, from which even the fabric of clothing does not protect a person if it is not thick enough. However, not all types of mosquitoes are aggressive. Many of them use their proboscis only to feed on nectar. In blood-sucking species, blood saturation is also obligatory only for females, while males are content with plant juices. A hungry female is capable of determining the location of large concentrations of warm-blooded animals and humans at a distance of up to 3 km and quickly covering this distance. In one act of sucking, the female absorbs an amount of blood that exceeds the initial weight of her body. Mosquitoes are of great importance as carriers of pathogens of such serious diseases as malaria.
16 slide
Slide description:
Elk Elk is a cloven-hoofed mammal, the largest species of the deer family. The body length of an elk can reach up to three meters, and the height at the withers can be up to 2.5 meters; the length of the animal’s tail can vary from 12-15 cm. This is a very calm and peaceful animal, even despite its formidable and intimidating appearance. Moose's favorite foods are shoots of fir, pine, willow, rowan, raspberry, bird cherry, rose hip, lingonberry, and blueberry. It is estimated that elk eat approximately five tons of vegetation per year. Moose shed their antlers in December, and new ones grow by August. The most dangerous enemies for moose are: wolves in packs, bears. Moose can reach speeds of up to 56 kilometers per hour. They are excellent swimmers, and can swim at speeds of up to 10 kilometers per hour. Moose can even dive and hold their breath for up to 30 seconds. Moose have extremely sensitive noses. Wolves know about this property, so when attacking they can sometimes grab the animal by the nose. The elk is paralyzed by severe pain and cannot resist the predator. Moose can be domesticated.
Slide 17
Slide description:
Mole cricket A large insect with a body length of up to 5 centimeters. The body color is dark brown. The chest shell is hard, the head can be partially retracted under its protection. Two large eyes, long antennae and two pairs of tentacles are clearly visible on the head. The front pair of limbs of a mole cricket is for digging the ground. Mole crickets fly. Lives in sandy, sunlit soils, on warm plains. Although it avoids dry places. The insect leads an underground lifestyle. It rarely comes to the surface, mainly at night. The mole cricket overwinters in the ground at a depth of 2 meters or more. It feeds mainly on plant roots, earthworms and insects. The female mole cricket makes a nest in the ground and lays hundreds of eggs, from which larvae emerge. The mole cricket, breaking holes in the soil, improves it. However, it can be a pest because it often gnaws plant roots when digging tunnels.
18 slide
Slide description:
chafer The chafer is one of the most famous insects. And not from the best side. Beetle larvae are terrible pests. They live in the ground, eating the roots and stems of plants. The beetle larvae are unusually voracious, and a dozen of them can destroy all vegetation on one square meter. Adult beetles also like to eat. They gnaw off young leaves on trees. For almost all five years, the cockchafer lives underground. During the first summer it feeds on humus and grass roots. In winter, the larvae climb to a depth of one and a half meters, and in the spring they move again closer to the roots. In the second year, the larvae feed on the roots of young trees. In the third year, the larvae reach a size of 5-6 centimeters - and are able to gnaw the root of even an adult tree. In the fourth year of life, the larva turns into a pupa, and after a month or two - into a beetle. And these young beetles continue to live underground - until next spring. And closer to May, when it gets warm and leaves appear on the trees, May beetles begin their flights.
Slide 19
Slide description:
Wasp This insect has a striped abdomen and a pair of transparent wings. A wasp is a predatory insect. She feeds her larvae with protein foods. In each nest, the female places a living thing caught during the hunt (bee, fly, caterpillar, spider) and lays an egg in its body. Thus, the larva is provided with live food for the entire period of development. The entrance to the nest is tightly sealed, the wasp does not return to it, but immediately begins building a new nest and preparing a new insect for the next larva. The young wasp gets out on its own. Adult insects feed on flower nectar and ripe juicy fruits. Often we have to drive away these intrusive insects from jam, compotes, fruits, as well as watermelons and berries. During hot summers, wasps pose a serious threat not only to beekeepers, as they are capable of completely destroying a bee colony, but also to humans: they are aggressive and can attack without reason. The sting of wasps is not barbed; they can sting many times. Bites to the face and mouth are very dangerous. It is recommended to apply a lotion with ammonia diluted with water, lubricate the affected area with plantain and parsley juice, apply ice, apply any antihistamine and immediately hospitalize the victim in a medical facility
20 slide
Slide description:
Snakes are non-venomous snakes. Body length is 1-1.5 meters. The main difference between snakes and other snakes is the so-called “yellow ears” - pronounced markings on the head, most often yellow, but white or orange are also found. The color of the upper side of the body is gray, olive, black or brown. It feeds mainly on live frogs, rodents and, less often, fish. The enemies of snakes are storks, birds of prey and some mammals.
21 slides
Slide description:
Gray Heron Gray Heron is a bird of the order Storkidae. The appearance is very characteristic. This is a long-legged, long-necked bird, gray above and white below, with black inclusions, with a rather long sharp beak. The sizes are quite large, the weight of an adult male can reach 2 kg. Females are somewhat smaller than males, but in other respects they are almost no different from them. The gray heron is extremely widespread. The gray heron feeds exclusively on animal food. The basis of its diet is fish, but the heron also eats frogs, a variety of small mammals, reptiles, tadpoles, and insects.
22 slide
Slide description:
Snail Snails are mollusks. Their body consists of a shell, spirally twisted and expanding downward. Inside it is a soft body. Snails have a special “leg” - this is a flat, wide part of the body with which it moves. Most snails breathe atmospheric air. In this case, the snail attaches to the lower surface of the water film with the help of its “leg”, and then opens a special breathing hole and “inhales” air. It is stored in the pulmonary cavity, which is located under the skin of the cochlea. Snails reproduce mainly by eggs, which are covered with a transparent mass resembling jelly. Snails usually feed on algae, scraping them with their horny tongue from the surface of stones and from the stems of aquatic plants. This is why snails are often used in home aquariums to clean their walls of green algae. The favorite habitats of snails are deciduous forests, parks, and ravines overgrown with bushes. Snails overwinter in specially built wintering chambers, burrowing into the soil to a depth of 5 - 10 centimeters. In central Russia, the snail stays awake for 4.5 - 5 months, feeds on the leaves of wild strawberries, plantain, horse sorrel, dandelion, lungwort, burdock, nettle, horseradish, cabbage, radish
Slide 23
Slide description:
Leeches Leeches are a subclass of annelids. Most representatives live in fresh water bodies. . The body length of different representatives varies from several millimeters to tens of centimeters. The largest representative is up to 45 cm. All leeches are predators, feeding on the blood of most warm-blooded animals or mollusks, worms, etc.; , there are also species that do not feed on blood, but swallow prey whole (for example, a mosquito larva, an earthworm). In the intestines of a leech, blood is digested slowly, and therefore, having had enough, the leech can remain without food for a long time - about one and a half years. They live mainly in fresh water or wet grass. The method of movement of leeches is interesting. There are suckers on both ends of the worm that can be used to attach it to underwater objects. The leech attaches itself to them with its front end, bends into an arc, and moves.
24 slide
Slide description:
Starling The starling is a small bird, 18-21cm long, with a short neck. . The beak is long, sharp and slightly curved downwards. The wings are short, wide at the base and tapered at the tip. The plumage of the back, chest and back of the neck in females and males of adult birds does not differ from each other: black feathers with a metallic sheen. Starlings arrive in March-April and rush to populate empty birdhouses to hatch their chicks. The female lays 4 to 6 eggs, incubates it herself for 14 days, and is fed by both parents. Already in the summer you can see young starlings trying to keep up with their parents. Birds feed on both plant and animal foods: earthworms, insect larvae, seeds and fruits of plants.
25 slide
Slide description:
Ants Ants, as representatives of a group of insects, are familiar to every person. They are distributed everywhere except Antarctica and the Far North. About 10 thousand species of these insects are known. Their body sizes range from 8 to 30 mm. Color ranges from light yellow to black. Most species have developed poisonous glands that secrete formic acid. Their communities are more complex than those of bees; families number up to 1 million individuals in an anthill. They also have their own pastures. They hatch aphids and milk them. These insects feed on invertebrate animals, flower nectar, mushrooms, plant seeds and aphids.
26 slide
Slide description:
Bumblebee Bumblebees are large, densely pubescent bees. These beneficial insects scurry tirelessly from flower to flower and are therefore valuable pollinators. Bumblebees have a very long proboscis, and with its help they easily reach the nectar of flowers with narrow and deep corollas. Bumblebees make nests in the ground or in another convenient place. An abandoned mouse hole, a moss hummock, a hollow, a squirrel's nest, a birdhouse - everything is suitable for this purpose. Working bumblebees have a pollen-collecting apparatus on their hind legs; it consists of a “basket” and a “brush”. By getting dirty with flower pollen, bumblebees carry it from flower to flower and pollinate plants. Bumblebees sting less painfully than wasps and bees. In addition, they are less agile and much more peaceful. Therefore, their nests are often attacked by mice, badgers, and foxes and eaten by bumblebee honey, larvae and pupae. For bumblebees, plowing and treating land with pesticides turned out to be critical factors. Flowering meadows are disappearing, fertilizers are being used - and the tireless toiling bumblebees are buzzing less and less in the spring. The number of this type of insect is at a critically low level due to intensive grazing and haymaking - both of which lead to the death of nests.
Slide 27
Slide description:
Stag beetle The stag beetle is considered the largest beetle, males reach an average of 70-74 mm, and females 25-57 mm in length. It is found in oak forests and deciduous forests with an admixture of oak, artificial plantings - parks, gardens. It belongs to the species whose habitat is shrinking, therefore it is listed in the Red Book as a species declining in number. The reasons that lead to a massive reduction in the stag beetle population are massive deforestation, primarily oak forests, clearing forests of rotten and rotten stumps and snags in which the larvae develop over the course of 6-7 years. In recent years, there has also been an unlimited collection of beetles in collections, and natural predators of birds significantly reduce the population size by feeding on beetle larvae
28 slide
Slide description:
PIKE Pike is common in fresh waters, lives in aquatic thickets, stagnant or weakly flowing waters. The length of the fish is up to 1.5 meters, weight up to 35 kg. The head is large, the mouth is wide. The color is variable, depending on the environment: depending on the nature and degree of development of the vegetation, it can be gray-green, gray-yellow, the back is darker, the sides have large brown spots. It feeds mainly on fish. Female pike begin to reproduce in the fourth, or less often the third, year of life. Spawning occurs at a temperature of +3-6 degrees immediately after the ice melts. The fish are in shallow water and splashing noisily. Depending on the water temperature, the development of eggs takes 8-14 days, the larvae that hatch from them are 6-7 mm in length. In a reservoir, the pike stays in thickets of aquatic vegetation; usually it stays there motionless and, hiding, suddenly rushes at its prey. Once caught, it is almost always swallowed from the head - if the pike grabs it across the body, then, before swallowing, it quickly turns its head into the throat. Pike is quite widely bred in pond farms. This fish is also an important target for sport and recreational fishing.
Slide 29
Slide description:
Hornet Hornets live in families - they are a social insect. They make paper from the bark of young twigs and build a nest from it. It is usually found in wooden buildings: birdhouses, hollow trees, stumps, etc. Hornets cause irreparable harm to our beekeepers, because hornets are like wolves, only insects, they destroy the bees that are bred in the apiary. Under no circumstances should you go close to hornet nests. After all, they may decide that their nest is in danger and attack the troublemaker. And they sting very painfully. And since their sting is not serrated, one hornet can sting several times in a row. Hornet “bites” cause pain at the site of the bite, swelling, and inflammation. With multiple bites, the temperature may rise, dizziness and headache may begin. If you experience such symptoms, you should definitely seek medical help.
30 slide
Slide description:
Lilac Shrub up to 6m high. Blooms at the end of May. The leaves are bright green, the roots are powerful. The flowers appear along with the leaves, with a strong aroma. In autumn, lilac leaves do not turn yellow and fall green. Grows well in open sunny places with low groundwater. Tolerates poor soils, but blooms profusely and forms a beautiful bush on fertile and medium-rich soils. In dry summers, young plants need to be watered. On poor soils it is necessary to feed. Regular pruning in early spring maintains the shape of the bush, and cutting off part of the flowering shoots promotes abundant flowering the following year. Leaves and flowers are used medicinally.
31 slides
Slide description:
Oak Oak is a symbol of physical strength. Powerful tree up to 40 meters high. It blooms in May, the fruit is an acorn. Oak acorns were the first bread for primitive man. Oak bark is used as a medicine. Doctors prescribe decoctions for sore throats (gargles) and burns (lotions). Oak barrels are still used as containers for the production of cognacs and wines. Its wood is very strong and durable, with a beautiful pattern, and is used in shipbuilding and furniture production.
32 slide
Slide description:
Birch The word birch means “light, clear.” A genus of deciduous trees and shrubs. Birch is the most common of our deciduous species and is the most important tree species growing in forests. The bark is usually smooth, covered with a layer of cork tissue, birch bark, peeling off in thin plates, most often white, yellowish or pink, in some it is gray, brown and even black. The leaves are entire, toothed, with pinnate veins. Flowers are collected in earrings. They reproduce by seeds. The age of most representatives of the genus does not exceed 100-120 years, some trees reach 300 years. Most species are frost-resistant, undemanding to soil and light-loving. Widely used in carpentry, plywood production, the paper industry, and is used for interior decoration and all kinds of products. Tar is driven from birch bark, baskets and artistic carvings are made.
Slide 33
Slide description:
Rowan Common rowan is a tree up to 20 m high. It grows in coniferous-small-leaved forests, along forest edges and clearings, as well as in thickets of bushes along the banks of rivers and lakes. Often grown as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens. In spring it is covered with white, cream or fragrant flowers, in summer they are attractive because of their shiny, leathery bright green leaves, which in September-October take on a stunning purple hue, going through stages of yellow and orange. And finally, in late fall and winter, they are decorated with gorgeous clusters of shiny berries ranging in color from pink, orange, bright red and brown. Rowan fruits are unusually rich in vitamin C and have long been used in home cooking to make wine, beer, jams, preserves, jellies, jelly, desserts and sauces. They taste sour and bitter, so it is recommended to consume them ready-made with added sugar. They say that rowan berries taste sweeter after the first frost, but if you plan to use them - leaving them on the branches in anticipation of these very frosts, you risk being left without berries at all, because they are a favorite delicacy of birds.
Slide 34
Slide description:
St. John's wort St. John's wort is a widely known plant with bright yellow flowers and a specific but pleasant smell. The plant is perennial, herbaceous, the flowers are collected in paniculate inflorescences. The herb St. John's wort has long been popularly considered one of the main medicinal herbs, curing 99 diseases; it is part of many herbal preparations. St. John's wort is a slightly toxic plant for humans, while it can cause serious poisoning in animals. Sheep, horses, cattle, especially young white animals are sensitive to St. John's wort. This is where the name came from - St. John's wort. It blooms in June-August, and it is at this time that the flowering tops with a stem, approximately 25-30 cm long, without rough leafless parts, are collected and dried in the shade. Some herbalists “thresh” dried grass in their hands. Leaves, flowers and small twigs are easily separated, leaving only the rough stems. Then these raw materials are placed in a box or paper bag for storage. This herb can be used for up to 3 years, but it is still better to harvest fresh raw materials every year.
35 slide
Slide description:
Maple Maple is a large and fast-growing tree, reaching a height of 30 meters and a crown diameter of up to 15 meters. At a young age, the plant has a smooth, gray-reddish bark, which, as the tree matures, becomes almost black and covered with deep cracks. The leaves have a rich green color. The inflorescences are yellow-lemon, fragrant. Maple is a moisture-loving tree and therefore needs frequent watering, the norm of which is about 15 liters in dry and hot summers. Maple does not like compacted soil; after watering and weeding, the soil must be loosened. As a rule, the maple tree is not subject to crown pruning, with the exception of some species, so only dry and diseased branches are removed.
36 slide
Slide description:
Strawberry Wild strawberry grows in meadows, among bushes and in cleared forests, on the edges and clearings. In our area it is especially large and juicy. The rhizome of strawberry is short, the shoots are creeping, rooting at the nodes (whiskers). Blooms in late May - early June, blooms all summer. The fruits ripen in late June - August. Strawberry leaves below are covered with silky hairs. Nature has endowed them with the ability to regulate moisture reserves in the bush. Wild strawberries are a valuable plant. This wild berry is a treasure trove of vitamins. The fruits contain substances beneficial to the human body: vitamin C, carotene, acids (malic, citric, salicylic), tannins, essential oils and trace elements: copper, manganese, chromium. There is especially a lot of iron, which is found in seeds. The leaves are rich in vitamin C and tannins. Wild strawberries are eaten fresh and also used to prepare juices, decoctions, compotes, preserves, syrups, and infusions. Medicinal raw materials are berries and leaves in fresh and dried form. Strawberries have long been used in folk medicine for almost all diseases. Strawberries are called the “queen” of the plant world because they have a very rich chemical composition. It is believed that this berry contains many substances that have not yet been studied, which, perhaps, make it so healing.
Slide 37
Slide description:
Celandine Celandine, or Warthog - Perennial herbaceous plant. Translated from Greek, the name of the plant “celandine” means large swallow. Since ancient times, the coincidence of the flowering of celandine with the arrival of swallows has been noted. There is a belief that swallows collect celandine juice and fly with it to children born blind to restore their sight. That's why it is called swallow grass. It is also called warthog, warthog, since the milky juice of this plant removes warts. A perennial herbaceous plant 80-100 cm high with a multi-headed short rhizome and a thick branched taproot, red-brown on the outside, yellow on the inside. Celandine grass is widely used in folk medicine. It blooms in May - June. The fruits ripen in June - July. Attention! All parts of the plant are poisonous.
Slide 38
Slide description:
Nettle There are a great many medicinal plants on the planet, but perhaps one can be called a real leader that has received universal recognition - nettle. This is a truly unique herb, in which areas of life it is not used by humans. So, in the past, bast fibers obtained from nettles were used to make threads, ropes, fishing nets, and also made very durable fabrics. In the 19th century, Europeans strained honey through a nettle sieve and sifted flour. Nettle increases milk yield in cattle, as well as egg production in geese and chickens. Currently, nettle is successfully used in medicine and cooking - it is part of many pharmaceutical preparations. Nettle is used for cosmetic purposes; it stops bleeding well. Delicious green borscht is prepared from nettles. In the hungry war and post-war 50s, nettle, along with quinoa and sorrel, was almost the main food of barefoot children. They ate it from early spring until late autumn, and their mothers managed to prepare many dishes from this plant - cabbage soup, salads and thin flat cakes. In our more satisfying life, nettle faded into the background and was almost completely forgotten about. But in vain, it contains so many vitamins (A, C, K, B1, B2, B3) and all kinds of microelements (copper, iron, calcium) that this plant alone can significantly replenish the daily need of the human body for them.
Slide 39
Slide description:
Rosehip This prickly shrub gets its name from the word “thorn”. The ancient Greeks strewn the newlyweds' path with rosehip flower petals all the way to the Temple of Aphrodite. Rosehip claims to be the champion in vitamin C content; it confidently outperforms lemons, apples, and black currants. The fruits, flowers and roots of this plant are popular in folk medicine. Rosehip has the following beneficial effects on our body: it is an excellent immunomodulator. Fruits are a general strengthening, tonic, blood purifying, source of iron, other minerals and vitamins. Choleretic and diuretic properties. Improves appetite and blood composition, improves metabolism. The flowers are endowed with anti-inflammatory and calming effects. The oil has an anti-ulcer, regenerating effect on tissue. Destroys stones in both the bladder and gallstones.
40 slide
Slide description:
CHAMOMILE Chamomile is an annual herbaceous plant. The stem is erect, branched, from 20 to 60 cm in height. The root is thin, taprooted, slightly branched. Leaves are alternate, sessile, 2-5 cm long. Flower baskets with white petals, with yellow flowers in the middle. Blooms from May to September. It grows along the edges of fields, roadsides, wastelands and meadows. The plant is widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. . Chamomile has excellent anti-inflammatory properties; chamomile preparations are indicated for insomnia and nervous tension. Chamomile is an antiviral agent and is used for colds and flu. Chamomile has a very beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract, relieves spasms and inflammation. Helps heal wounds and cracks. Contains: copper, selenium, zinc, malic, salicylic, nicotinic acid. Widely used in cosmetology. Relieves inflammation, redness and skin irritation
41 slides
Slide description:
Pine Translated from Latin, the word “pine” means “rock”. Pines are tall trees, up to 35 m, live up to 150-200 years. The trunk is slender, with red-brown, cracking bark. Pine is a light-loving plant. Pine is unpretentious to soils and can grow both on dry sand and in conditions of high humidity. In pine forests there are never trees blown down by the wind, because their roots go very deep into the soil. Pine is a medicinal plant. The entire tree is rich in resin. Resin heals wounds on wood. Mature pine cones are dull. Birds feed on pine seeds. Moose feed on young pine shoots.
42 slide
43 slide
Slide description:
Bird cherry A deciduous tree, sometimes bushy, about 10-17 m high, with simple toothed leaves. Blooms in April-June. The flowers are white, collected in long loose drooping racemes. Fruits in July. The fruit is a round drupe, green at first, black when ripe, 8-10 mm, sweet, highly astringent.
44 slide
Slide description:
Cherena Cherela is an annual plant with yellow or gray-yellow flowers forming single baskets. The series blooms from mid-summer to early autumn. Fruits in the form of achenes are formed in October. The string often settles in damp meadows, swamps, ditches, and is also found along the coasts of rivers, reservoirs and lakes. The string grass has diaphoretic, choleretic and diuretic effects, improves digestion, has a positive effect on metabolism, and promotes rapid healing of wounds. However, it is not only used in medicine, but also in industry. In particular, a natural and fairly durable dye for silk and wool fabrics is obtained from this plant. Young shoots of the string are perfectly eaten by pigs, i.e. it is also a forage plant. And also a series of supporting honey plants, bees collect nectar on these flowers.
45 slide
Slide description:
Burdock Burdock (burdock) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a straight, hard, elastic, tomentose stem. In the first year, very large basal leaves are formed on long, straight, succulent petioles. In the second year - a tall (up to 3 m) straight stem with small red-violet baskets of inflorescences located at the tops of the peduncles. Burdock blooms in June-August. It grows everywhere: in forests and bushes, near housing, in ditches, in wet wastelands, along roads, etc. The roots, leaves and tops of burdock are used for medicinal purposes. Burdock preparations have wound-healing, diuretic and diaphoretic properties. They are used for certain skin diseases, for inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract.
46 slide
Slide description:
Scilla Scilla is the earliest perennial bulbous plant. It is also often called blue snowdrop. It got its name from the plant’s ability to break out of the ground and bloom with the first warm spring rays of the sun, when the snow melts a little. The bulb of the scilla is broadly ovoid, 2-3 cm in diameter. The leaves are broadly linear, basal. Flower shoots 10-15 cm high with two or three drooping blue-blue or azure flowers with a diameter of 2 cm; anthers small, blue. Scilla blooms in mid-April.
Slide 47
Slide description:
Wormwood Wormwood is a silver-colored plant with a strong aromatic odor. It is considered the most bitter plant of the Russian flora. One of the oldest medicinal plants. It grows along roads, near houses, in weedy meadows, vegetable gardens, and along forest edges. Plant height 50-125. Propagated by seeds. The plant is resistant to drought and frost. Wormwood is sometimes used in cooking as a seasoning. In medicine, the plant is used as a hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound-healing, and anthelmintic agent. The smell of the plant repels clothes moths, ants, fleas, and cockroaches. Beekeepers use this property to combat bee theft. Readily eaten by cows and sheep. In small doses, it increases appetite and improves digestion.
48 slide
Slide description:
Plantain Plantain grows along roadsides - hence its name. Plantains are a food plant for many butterflies. Plantain seeds are loved by small birds. The herb and seeds of the plant are used for medicinal purposes. In folk medicine, plantain leaves are used externally for long-term non-healing wounds or ulcers. The leaves of the plant are used for cuts, abscesses, bruises, and toothache. The juice from the leaves has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory effect against the bites of bees, wasps, bumblebees and even snakes. This plant is used in the treatment of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, and also as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory agent for diseases of the bronchopulmonary system. The seeds, which contain a lot of mucus, are used as a strong enveloping and soothing agent for inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes and intestines.
Slide 49
Slide description:
Viburnum Viburnum Viburnum is a shrub 2-4 m high. It received its name “Viburnum” for the color of the fruit, similar to the color of red-hot iron (to heat - to heat until red). Viburnum blooms from late May to July, the fruits ripen in August-September. Viburnum is a fast-growing tree. Its annual growth reaches 30-70 cm. Viburnum lives up to fifty years of age. Viburnum grows in mixed and deciduous forests, in wet meadows, along the banks of rivers, swamps, in thickets of bushes, along forest edges, lake shores, and in forest clearings with moist soil. Does not like dry soils or direct light. It is considered an unpretentious plant. In 1948, it was found that Viburnum bark can serve as a medicinal raw material for obtaining a hemostatic extract. The bark is harvested in early spring, when it is easier to remove. All parts of viburnum have beneficial properties: berries, seeds, bark, roots, flowers.
50 slide
Slide description:
Tansy Tansy is a perennial plant whose height reaches 150 centimeters. The rhizome of tansy is woody, long and branching. The plant has numerous stems that branch at the top, slightly pubescent or glabrous. The lowest leaves of the plant are petiolate, the rest are rigid and sessile. Tansy leaves are alternate, dark green on the upper side and glandular with dots on the lower side. Tansy's medicinal raw materials are flower baskets, which are collected during the period of full flowering. The inflorescences are cut off with flowering stems no more than 2 centimeters long. The collected raw materials are dried in a well-ventilated area or in the shade under a canopy. Dried raw materials are stored in fabric bags or cardboard boxes for no more than 2 years.
51 slides
Slide description:
Coltsfoot and stepmother Coltsfoot belongs to the perennial herbs of the Asteraceae family. In medicine, coltsfoot leaves are used in diaphoretic and thoracic infusions, and this herb can also be used as an expectorant. The color of the flowers is golden yellow. The leaves are basal and appear after the plant has flowered, they are rounded-heart-shaped, slightly angular, quite dense, there are uneven teeth on the edge, the leaves are white-felt below and above. When you touch the leaves, they seem warm, the upper surface is bare and cold. Achenes of a coltsfoot with a tuft. Coltsfoot usually grows on clay slopes, hills, over river cliffs, all sorts of embankments, in wastelands, and fields.
Slide 53
Slide description:
Fly agaric grows singly and in small groups from June until autumn frosts. Mushrooms are very poisonous. Moose eat them with pleasure. They are useful for forest giants. They grow in coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests. They say that the fly agaric got its name because the cap of old mushrooms bends upward at the edges, forming a saucer. Water gets into this saucer and becomes poisonous to flies. Fly agaric is a beautiful mushroom, Moose only eat it. Only it is very poisonous. And at the same time they say: - There is no more reliable texture! I ate it and no fever! Fly agaric is a medicinal mushroom; it is not poisonous to us.
54 slide
Slide description:
Honey mushrooms One of our wonderful mushrooms, honey mushrooms, has long been well known both to lovers of delicious food and to those who love to cook deliciously. Russian cuisine has quite a few different recipes related to honey mushrooms. They are fried, boiled, pickled, dried or salted. But when collecting honey mushrooms, you need to be careful. There is a false honey fungus that can grow with a real one even on the same stump. When picking mushrooms, if you doubt something, it is best not to take it. Honey mushrooms are very useful. They contain microelements that are very necessary for our body, such as copper and zinc, and they are involved in the process of hematopoiesis. That is why people who have problems with blood are recommended to eat honey mushrooms. This mushroom is quite widespread. It can be found both in the Siberian taiga and in the Crimean forests. It grows not only on stumps and fallen trees. Some of its species prefer to settle on living wood. There are honey mushrooms that are collected in the summer, and there are also honey mushrooms that are collected in autumn. It is the autumn ones that are considered real mushrooms.
Slide description:
Fauna of the Moscow Region The animal world of the region is rich.
Here you can meet squirrels, beavers, otters, raccoon dogs, hedgehogs, hares
(hares and hare), shrews, foxes, moles, gray and black rats, forest
martens, mice, etc.
Bat – extremely common in the region (more than 10 species
counted by observers)
city from all sides
surrounded by rivers and forests
arrays, there is
quite rich fauna,
which is the most
typical for latitudes
Moscow region.
Found in local rivers
pike, ruffe, roach, bream,
carp and crucian carp More than 170 species of birds are residents
areas. Hosts of woodpeckers,
blackbirds, hazel grouse, bullfinches,
nightingales, lapwings, storks,
seagulls, ducks and other birds
found in Moscow
areas. What can we say about
forty, sparrows, crows and
other common birds
Countless number of insects are full-fledged residents of the region
6 species of reptiles, 11 species of amphibians make the fauna of the region more diverse
Flora of the Moscow region
The nature of the Moscow region is truly beautiful and proudly holdsits strength and power even in conditions of active anthropogenic
impact. It is represented by a scattering of oak forests, coniferous forests,
raised bogs, protected ravines, fields, water meadows, deep
lakes, calm and imposing rivers
Coniferous plants of the Moscow region
PineSpruce
Cedar
Fir
Deciduous trees
MapleOak
Birch
Shrubs of our region
LilacRose hip
Elder
Herbs - have a soft green stem with leaves and flowers. They are almost always lower than trees and bushes
NettleClover
Chamomile
Mushrooms are a kingdom of living nature that combines some characteristics of both plants and animals.
Honey mushroomsButter
Saffron milk caps
Porcini
Champignon Love your native nature -
lakes, forests and fields! After all, this
ours is with you forever
motherland. On it we are
We were born with you, we live with you
with you on it. So let's do it
people, all together, we come to her
be kinder!
PROJECT
« Diversitynaturenativethe edges»
Completed by a student of class 3B
Antishkina Yuna
Natural resource potential
The nature of the Kursk region is rich and diverse. Here, in the forest-steppe zone, several tens of thousands of species of invertebrate animals and over three hundred vertebrates live; There are 265 species of birds, the “main” of which is the famous Kursk nightingale, whose unique trills are considered the highest achievement of bird vocals.
The nightingale sings
Badger Warbler - listed in the Red Book of the Kursk Territory
The steppes and forests of the Kursk region are home to 56 species of mammals: moose, hares, foxes, roe deer, wild boars, badgers, hedgehogs, ferrets, squirrels, and other animals.
About 30 species of fish live in the region's reservoirs. The most common species are perch, gudgeon, roach, bleak, crucian carp, and pike. Less numerous are bream, rudd, tench, ide, burbot, loach, pike perch, and catfish.
On the territory of the region there is the Central Black Earth State Nature Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhina. Since 1979, the Central Chernobyl Reserve has been part of the system of biosphere reserves of the UNESCO world network. Since 1998, CCHZ has been a holder of a diploma from the Council of Europe.
Plants growing in the reserve:
Leafless iris
To
Swimsuit
Photographs of insects taken in the Kursk State Nature Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhina.
Peacock eye
Stag beetle
Hawk Moth
Land resourcesFavorable climatic conditions and fertile soils of the Kursk region give special value to land resources. Nature has rewarded our region with unique wealth - the most fertile black soil. A sample of Kursk chernozem as a standard of fertile soil has been kept in the Soil Museum in Paris since the last century, as well as in the Natural History Museum in Amsterdam and the Soil Science Museum near Leipzig. Kursk chernozems are one of the main sources of economic development of the region.
Kursk chernozem
The diversity of soil and climatic features has made it possible for many centuries to intensively use land potential for growing various agricultural crops and obtain rich harvests that meet the needs of the population not only in our region, but also in other regions.
The land fund of the Kursk region is 2.999 million hectares. The total area of land used for agricultural production is 2.4 million hectares, including arable land - 1.9 million hectares.
Forest resourcesThe forests of the Kursk region are classified as protective forests and are of great protective, water protection, sanitary, hygienic and environment-forming importance.
Forest areas are distributed unevenly throughout the region. The western regions of the region are richest in forests, the least forests are in the extreme eastern part of the region. On average, forest cover is 8.2%, taking into account protective plantings - 10.1%.
The territory of the region is occupied mainly by deciduous forests. The most common are oak groves (oak forests), as well as birch, aspen, alder and willow forests.
"Khalinsky" forest
Water resourcesThe Kursk region is located in the basins of the Dnieper and Don rivers (78% and 22% of the region's territory, respectively). In total, there are 902 permanent and temporary watercourses in the region, of which 188 are more than 10 km long.
Of the most significant rivers in the Dnieper basin are the Seym (a tributary of the Desna) with its tributaries Tuskar and Svapa, as well as the Psel (a tributary of the Dnieper). The Don basin is represented by the upper reaches of the Tim, Kshen, Olym, and Oskol rivers. In addition, in the region there are 509 artificial reservoirs - ponds and reservoirs, of which 150 have a filling volume of more than one million cubic meters, including 4 reservoirs with a filling volume of more than thirty million cubic meters.
Seim River
Solid mineralsThe Kursk region has unique mineral natural resources in terms of volume and diversity, capable of meeting the needs of the region, as well as, for some types of raw materials, other regions.
Our region gained worldwide fame almost a century ago as a result of the discovery and research of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA), associated primarily with the world's largest reserves of iron ore. In 2013, it was 90 years since the day (April 7, 1923) of lifting the first iron ore core from well No. 1 OK KMA near the city of Shchigry. This event marked the beginning of the development of the KMA and lifted the curtain on the centuries-old mystery of magnetic field anomalies.
Iron ore quarry
The project on the surrounding world was prepared by the 3rd grade student of the Pikhtovsky Secondary School Zubkova, the 3rd grade student of the Pikhtovsky Secondary School Alena Zubkova, under the guidance of a primary teacher Alena, under the guidance of a primary teacher of the native land "native land" classes Zubkova L.V. classes of Zubkova L.V. "Diversity of nature" Diversity of nature
get to know the diversity of the animal world of Novosibirsk get to know the diversity of the animal world of Novosibirsk expanding ideas about the diversity of the animal world expanding ideas about the diversity of the animal world Hypothesis: I assume that if we know more about I assume that if we know more about Hypothesis: our native region, then we will be more careful about our native land, then we will be more careful about its Goal of the project: Goal of the project: region. areas. Project objectives: Project objectives: NSO. NSO. wealth. wealth.
Nature differs in different parts of the globe. In Russia, in different places, nature can be different, very different from the nature of other places. Therefore, native nature is different for each person. This is our Novosibirsk region.
In the Novosibirsk region, Kudryashovsky pine forest is famous for its beauty. Kudryashovsky pine forest is famous for its beauty.
There are beautiful deciduous forests in the Novosibirsk region and beautiful deciduous forests in the Novosibirsk region
The fauna of the Novosibirsk region The fauna of the Novosibirsk region is very rich and diverse very rich and diverse Here you can see various Here you can see various animals, hear birds singing. animals, hear birds singing. Many animals and birds are listed in the Red Book of the Novosibirsk region. Novosibirsk region. Red Book
Brown bear Brown bear Body length 130200 cm, weight Body length 130200 cm, weight 100350 kg. 100350 kg. In the fall, the weight of the bear mayIn the fall, the weight of the bear may increase. The feet of the brown legs increase. The feet of a brown bear are very wide, the bear's toes are very wide, and the toes are armed with long, curved claws. claws. The bear has 40 teeth. Wool A bear has 40 teeth. The coat is long, dense and coarse, usually long, dense and coarse, usually single-colored. Single-color painting. Color ranges from brownish-yellow to dark brownish-yellow to dark brown or completely black. Males are either completely black. Males are much larger than females. much larger than females. The brown bear is very sensitive and the Brown bear is very sensitive and careful, avoids people, careful, avoids people, so it’s possible to ambush him so it’s very rare to ambush him. very rarely.
Elk Elk Elk is a very large, strong and Elk is a very large, strong and beautiful animal. Body height is a beautiful animal. The body height of the elk is 235 centimeters, the elk is 235 centimeters, and the length is about 3 meters. This length is about 3 meters. This giant weighs from 350 to 550 giant weighs from 350 to 550 kilograms. Elk are characterized by a kilogram. Elk are characterized by large antlers. big horns. This is his realThis is his real pride and distinctive pride and distinctive feature. The weight of one horn is a dash. The weight of one horn is 25 kilograms. Po is 25 kilograms. The shape of a horn resembles a branch or the shape of a horn resembles a branch or a shovel. Horns are present only on the spade. Only males have horns. The legs of the animal are male. The animal's legs are long and strong. Elk are also long and strong. Elk are also excellent swimmers. knows how to swim very well.
Squirrel Squirrel The squirrel has a slender, small body. The squirrel has a slender, small body. Its length ranges from 20 to body. Its length ranges from 20 to 40 centimeters. The tail is fluffy and 40 centimeters long. The tail is fluffy, and its length is equal to the length of the body. Rarely is its length equal to the length of the body. It is rare to find squirrels weighing more than 1 kilogram. exceeds 1 kilogram. This animal has perfectly This animal has perfectly developed hind limbs, developed hind limbs, allowing it to make long allowing it to make long jumps of up to 4 meters. The tail helps jumping up to 4 meters. The tail helps maintain or change the balance of the body to maintain or change the balance of the body during a jump. during the jump. Color changes depending onThe color changes depending on the seasons. In summer their fur is red, according to the seasons. In summer their fur is red, and in winter it changes to gray, and in winter it changes to gray, with a bluish tint. bluish tint.
WolfWolf Common wolf (or gray wolf) – The common wolf (or gray wolf) is a large predatory animal. Body length is a large predatory animal. The body length of an adult wolf can reach 180; an adult wolf can reach 180 cm, and the height is 90 cm. The weight of the wolf is from 30 cm, and the height is 90 cm. The weight of the wolf is from 30 to 50 kg, some of the largest are up to 50 kg, some of the largest animals can weigh up to 80 animals can weigh up to 80 kilograms. Female wolves are usually. Female wolves are usually kilograms smaller than male wolves. The wolf's muzzle is smaller than that of male wolves. The wolf's muzzle is elongated, its teeth are sharp and strong. The paws are elongated, the teeth are sharp and strong. The paws are quite long, the claws are not very long, the claws are not very sharp, as they wear off during running. The coat is usually light grey, The coat is usually light grey, running. sometimes with a black, white or reddish tint, sometimes with a black, white or reddish tint. With age, the coat color changes. As a wolf ages, its coat color can change greatly. a wolf's appearance can change greatly.
Fox Fox The fox is one of the most beautiful The fox is one of the most beautiful predatory animals. She has a graceful carnivore. She has a graceful elongated body, slender legs, an elongated body, slender legs, a long fluffy tail. Head with a long fluffy tail. The head has a pointed muzzle and large pointed muzzle and large erect ears. The size of a fox with the size of a fox with erect ears. small dog. Body length of a small dog. The body length of an adult is from 60 to 90, the adult is from 60 to 90 cm, the tail length is from 40 to 60 cm. Weight is cm, the tail length is from 40 to 60 cm. The weight of a fox usually does not exceed 10 kg. foxes usually do not exceed 10 kg. The fox's fur is long and fluffy, but the fox's fur is long and fluffy, mostly colored red. Mostly colored red. The belly is often white, less often - The belly is often white, less often - black. During the year the fox is twice black. During the year, foxes molt twice, changing their fur to winter fur - they molt, changing their fur to winter fur - thick and long, then to summer fur - thick and long, then to summer fur - sparse and short. rare and short.
HareHare The body of the hare The body of the hare is slender, slightly compressed slender, slightly compressed laterally, its length in some species from the sides, its length in some species reaches 6870 cm. The weight of a hare can reach 6870 cm. The weight of a hare can exceed 7 kg. The ears reach more than 7 kg. The ears reach a length of 9 to 15 cm. Thanks to the ears, the length is from 9 to 15 cm. Thanks to the ears, the hare's hearing is better developed than the hare's hearing is better developed than the sense of smell and vision. Hind limbs Hind limbs sense of smell and vision. the hare has long feet and the hare has long feet and the front ones are more developed. The speed is more developed than the front ones. The speed of a hare can reach 80 km/h. And the hare can reach 80 km/h. And the ability to suddenly change the ability to suddenly change the direction of running and jump sharply in the direction of running and jump sharply to the side allows these animals to side allows these animals to get rid of the pursuit of enemies: get rid of the pursuit of enemies: wolves, foxes wolves run up the slopes, but down they run up along the slopes, but you have to go head over heels down. you have to go head over heels. foxes, owls. . Hares are good Hares are good
Loading...
