"Khrushchev's Policy" - ? Denomination? Housing reform? Pension reform. "?" "Interest Ask.". Group "Politicians". Virgin soil gives excellent results. Reforms N.S. Khrushchev: black or white? The country has taken first place in the world in terms of the pace of housing construction. Group Questions: 1956. During the war he was left without both legs.
“Cold War” - The USSR and the USA were equally responsible for starting the Cold War. Consequences of the Cold War for the USSR. 2nd point of view: the USSR is guilty. The beginning of the Cold War. The Cold War was accompanied by: The degree of guilt of the superpowers in starting the Cold War. Political ambitions of the leaders of the USSR (Joseph Stalin) and the USA (Harry Truman).
“USSR in 1953-1964” - The struggle for power after the death of Stalin. XX Congress of the CPSU Report by N.S. Khrushchev on the cult of personality. Exposing the cult of personality. 1953 - 1958 Results. N.S. Khrushchev, Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Arrest of L.P. Beria June 26, 1953, trial, execution. Chairman of the Council of Ministers, again headed the Ministry of Internal Affairs. USSR in 1953-1964. 1958 - 1964 Struggle Disagreements on economic and socio-political issues.
“Culture of the 20th century” - Simple genres: Comics; Tabloid literature; Melodrama. Material and not spiritual Social and not personal External and not internal Comfortable but not safe... But this is what happens... MAIN FEATURE The world is expressed in the form of geometric signs and structures. Masses of strangers. Changes in the economy affected society and influenced the development of culture.
“Soviet Russia” - Supervised the construction of the fleet and the creation of a regular army. He developed atomic and molecular concepts about the structure of matter. XVII-XIX, beginning of XX centuries. Contributed to strengthening the economic and political position of the nobility. Laid the foundations of physical chemistry. In 1972-73 she performed in the orchestra conducted by O. Lundstrem.
“Science of the 20th century” - Review of inventions and experiments in pictures. Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople. Achievements in physics, chemistry and technology. Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory. Economic and political brakes on scientific progress. Main Physical Observatory. 5 laboratories. Work by 11th grade student Alexey Fimkin.
There are 21 presentations in total
LENIN'S TESTAMENT I.V. Stalin: “Having become General Secretary, he concentrated immense power in his hands, and I am not sure whether he will always be able to use it carefully enough. Stalin is rude and this shortcoming becomes intolerable in the position of General Secretary, I propose to remove Stalin from this position, replace him with a person more loyal, tolerant, and polite to his comrades.”
LENIN'S TESTAMENT N. Bukharin “The most valuable and greatest theoretician of the party, is rightfully considered the party’s favorite, but his theoretical views can hardly be classified as Marxist” Pyatakov: “A man of undoubtedly outstanding abilities, but is too keen on administration”
gg.: INTRA-PARTY STRUGGLE Years Opponents gg. Stalin Zinoviev Kamenev Trotsky Stalin Bukharin Rykov Zinoviev Kamenev (“new opposition”) Messrs. Stalin Bukharin Rykov Zinoviev Kamenev Trotsky (“united opposition” Messrs. Stalin Bukharin Rykov Tomsky (“right deviation”)
REASONS FOR STALIN'S VICTORY: Support from the overwhelming majority of the Bolshevik Guard Stalin managed to push his main rivals out of the political arena: 1927 - Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev expelled from the CPSU (b) 1929 Trotsky - expelled from the USSR 1932 deprived of Soviet citizenship Admission to the party was limited intelligentsia, representatives of the peasantry. Preference was given to young, less literate people. The Party turned into an instrument of power for Stalin. Conditions began to emerge for the creation of a totalitarian regime. While in exile, he continued active political activity. He was killed in Mexico by an NKVD agent, the Spaniard R. Mercader.
NIKITA SERGEEVICH KHRUSCHEV
Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, led all party affairs
PREREQUISITES:
LACK OF POLITICAL FREEDOM IN
SOCIETY AND IMPROVING THE LIFE OF THE PEOPLE DESPITE VICTORY IN THE WAR
REDUCING FEAR FACED BY THE POWER OF THE STATE APPARATUS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF REPRESSION
UPRISING IN THE GULAG SYSTEM in 1953-56. INCREASE IN SOCIAL PROTEST IN SOCIETY;
CONDEMNATION OF THE CULT AS A MEANS OF THE STRUGGLE FOR POWER IN THE HIGH ECHLESONS OF POWER
EXPOSING STALIN'S CULT OF PERSONALITY I.V.
Report by N.S. Khrushchev “On exposing the cult of personality and
its consequences." Stalin was held responsible for mass repressions and violations of the principles of socialism. The question of the existence of the totalitarian system itself was not raised.
overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences."
The cult of personality did not lead society “away from the correct path of development towards communism.” Criticism of the cult of personality, but not of the system. The responsibility of Stalin's associates was removed. Stalin's political and ideological concepts were not touched upon.
Rehabilitation of victims of political repression.
1953 – 1958 - revival
agricultural production:
Increasing the material interest of collective farms
(increase in purchase prices, reduction in mandatory deliveries, reduction in taxes on personal plots, introduction of advance wages).
Debt write-off, tax reduction
Expansion of economic independence collective farms
Strengthening the material and technical base
DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGIN AND FALLOW LANDS (the course was adopted in 1954 by the Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee). Behind 1954-60 gg. 42 million hectares of land have been developed. These lands accounted for 30% of all cultivated in
USSR lands.
REFORM N.S. KHRUSHCHEV IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE
1959 – 1964 – strengthening administrative
pressure on the agricultural sector
Liquidation of MTS and sale of equipment to collective farms (1958)
Consolidation of collective farms and creation of large agricultural enterprises,
restructuring of agricultural management - creation collective farm and state farm departments
Unreasonable expansion of corn crops and meat procurement targets, significant reduction in livestock numbers
Vapor Remediation Company (1962)
Persecution of auxiliary personal collective farmers' farms
Ideological company against speculators and parasites trading in the market.
RESULTS OF REFORM
N.S. Khrushchev in the field of agriculture
Fall in agricultural production
Deterioration in food supply, resulting in increased food prices
Since 1963, the beginning of GRAIN IMPORT from abroad
1957 – DECENTRALIZATIONeconomic management and restructuring of industrial management with FROM INDUSTRY PRINCIPLE TO TERRITORIAL.
Elimination of 10 large industrial ministries and replacing them with territorial departments - COUNCIL OF NARKHOZES.
GOSPLAN retains three functions: pursuing a unified policy in the economy, developing plans, and monitoring compliance with supplies.
RESULT:
THE CHANGES HAD a short-term effect, the administrative-command mechanism was preserved, isolated tendencies began to appear, and the unified technical policy was violated
REFORM OF N.S. KHRUSHCHEV in the field of industrial management
1962 – restoration of departmental
sectoral system within the territorial one:
Consolidation of the National Economic Councils.
Creation of the NATIONAL ECONOMY COUNCIL of the USSR and union republics, as well as STATE COMMITTEES for industries
RESULT:
The reforms DID NOT BRING cardinal
improvements in the economy and only increased industrial and managerial confusion.
SOCIAL POLICY OF N.S. KHRUSHCHEV
Measures to INCREASE THE LIVING STANDARDS OF THE POPULATION:
Increase in minimum wage by 35%
Doubling the old-age pension and reducing the retirement age by 5 years (60 years for men, 55 for women)
Deployment of mass housing construction (1955-64, the urban housing stock increased by 80%, i.e. 54 million people received housing - every fourth)
Introducing cash wages for collective farmers, issuing them passports
Establishment of a 7-hour working day
Cancellation of mandatory government loans
Cancellation of tuition fees, etc.
CONTRADICTION OF SOCIAL POLICY N.S. KHRUSCHEV
Solving problems associated with the deterioration of the economic situation at the expense of workers: reducing tariff rates in production, rising food prices. Protest performance of workers in Novocherkassk on June 1-2, 1962.
Equalization and distribution
nature of events
The purpose of the lesson: give an idea of the contradictory nature of post-war Soviet reality, the essence of the Soviet state in 1953-1964.
Tasks:
- Describe the results of the struggle for power after Stalin's death.
- Talk about the origins and consequences of crisis phenomena and processes in the USSR.
- Reveal the significance of the decisions of the XX Congress of the CPSU.
Lesson plan:
1. Stalin's heirs: in search of a new course.
2. The beginning of rehabilitation and the XX Congress of the CPSU.
Important dates:
Prominent figures: G.M. Malenkov, L.P. Beria, N.S. Khrushchev.
Equipment: textbook, historical documents, presentation.
DURING THE CLASSES
Teacher's word: On March 5, 1953, I.V. Stalin died. Reactions to Stalin's death were controversial. In the camps they openly rejoiced at her, some in the wild were happy that they managed to survive the “mustachioed dad,” but most people felt deep and genuine grief. How did Stalin’s closest associates react? To whom will power pass? Stalin did not leave direct instructions “about the heir.” In 1952, at the October Plenum of the Central Committee, Stalin made it clear that he would not like to see Molotov and Mikoyan among the contenders. The other “oldest comrades of the leader” - Kaganovich and Voroshilov - have long faded into the background. After the war, the positions of Malenkov, Beria and Khrushchev noticeably strengthened (showing photographs). Malenkov inherited the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR after Stalin, and Beria headed the united Ministry of Internal Affairs and State Security. Khrushchev took over the leadership of the secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee. So, immediately after Stalin's death, a fierce struggle for power begins.
Assignment to students: working with the text of paragraph 39, dividing into 3 creative groups, explore and analyze the stages of the struggle for power according to plan:
- Period of struggle.
- Who took the key positions?
- Activity.
- Results.
Checking the completion of the task and summing up the results of studying the issue.
Opinions about N.S. Khrushchev's views are far from clear. But no one denies that one of the most important things remains his courageous behavior at the 20th Party Congress. Let's make sure of this.
Partial rehabilitation has become a new political phenomenon (students write down a new term in a notebook). After many years of silence, violence, fear, subordination to a single ideology, society spoke openly about all the lawlessness and atrocities that had occurred, and, probably, one of the remarkable moments of this process was that the initiative came not only from representatives of the top party leadership, but also from the middle and the lower strata of society, who overwhelmingly for many years perceived the situation as a natural necessity.
Question for students: Why did such drastic and largely unexpected changes occur? Give the reasons why this situation has developed (students’ answers).
The congress addressed the issue of overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences. The delegates approved the work of the Party Central Committee aimed at restoring Leninist norms in party and state life. But few of the delegates to the 20th Congress of the CPSU imagined what awaited them at the morning meeting on February 25, 1956. For the majority of those present in the hall, the report by N.S. Khrushchev was a complete revelation, producing a truly shocking effect.
Assignment to students: Working with additional material, draw up an answer plan on the topic “The 20th Congress of the CPSU and its significance.”
Conclusion: The 20th Party Congress was of great importance in the history of the development of the USSR and the Russian state as a whole.
Grading for the lesson.
Homework: paragraph 39, answer the questions.
Loading...
